Luận văn thạc sỹ - Biện pháp tạo động lực cho đội ngũ giáo viên Trường THPT B Phủ Lý Tỉnh Hà Nam

MỞ ĐẦU
1. Lý do chọn đề tài

 !"#$%&'('
)*+!&, -+.(/01/
234 !56,27
#34#3 !!81
9":$;<&!(
4!#&, -+="<!>":""?(
@"A@BC?("CD*,E*(
0*(?>+) !.21F
')#",3 (G6,&"
?>&+)" !.CH"G?"I8
;!#C?(;1J&, -+7"<!>"
E "111!&$)(1K4 4""L
DM?,NO5;P&8(";
%5' &,"<?%Q64
!2);(?>&'"4?,
. &" 1$;R?(7!
? !H'  !7? !H&!ST6,
%'<?("6,)6,SE;!%(.CD*1
95Q!< ?!# 6
I;"*S&, -+.:"!
;; DM1
U(I?,N DMT !*
&')*+4M;<
'!? !HI DMVW>P;
4;1
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U,93?*!23  DM
1U6?($8K.U,F,K49

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Z[Z[G6,!\34W41](
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)+0(G6,,6,+ !"
6%5.&1F<H^;"_`0UJ'a(
 $"H \L&G1
F;b>SS!T=3; DMH3
;6&H+ !("(E 1
976I6H.>L"6&8)O
H4 DM1cH$ DMdD7\8!%
54)"D$D$ DM !%,.E
 "*(H#!%(E ";*'
6,)"!82' "  !371
J!E6$#\KE]a(JL_ 0Y9;!e=
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.4?,.3 ?,?,<1
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?,< DM*D*@6EE%%&' DM
)O#8"H! , <

 +<< #4HG!3 T
&'D02'*#1
J#"OFaq.J!JYpJp.qNdD7
\4#$  #+4( ?>" 4M%!
W?.H.,;564 +
;$<<O #4H(,E
3  DM"4!tT*&' DM
D4!1KHR" ,2%#8=

!"#$%RE(4H(H!564
 T;$#"+<<O #
4H!3 *&',D.!1
2. Mục đích nghiên cứu
U%:& 64 +T<< #\
J!JYpJp.qNJdY94HG!3 *
&',D!1
3. Khách thể và đối tượng nghiên cứu
&$'()*+
UOFaq" #J!JYpJp.qNJdY9
&$, /*+
9564 +O #\J!JYpJ
p.qNJdY9*&',D1
4. Nhiệm vụ nghiên cứu
u1X19#8G\NR%+(O #
 !JYpJ.
u
u1Z1U  +!3 +O #
J!JYpJp.qNJdY9
u1s1U%:& 64 +O #\
J!JYpJp.qNJdY9

5. Giả thuyết khoa học
U+4. #;,\!&&'
 DM.!1Y4+4. #
!@&"6(":*D+'4( 
64?,Nv'",H^;$+4(G
O #.!"?;*&'2R.
21
6. Giới hạn về phạm vi nghiên cứu
qRE#8%OFaq" 6 #J!
JYpJp.qNJdY91
7. Phương pháp nghiên cứu
U+4'%" ,LDM(' ;
G #8=
0$'$12*++
J ,H"2#8 Fd>"9>?.U," 
<  R.9!;Q64w!2#
85&%#?-+_`0UJ; DM6R
!2I3;!#1
#;" ,@$#8 E6,"4
._`rUJ?>%5"< (O
 ; #!2I3;!#x#8 
3!H2"%" 4%+4
;O #!;; #
!2I3;!#1
k
0$,$1*+3
0pG %!6TB ('=Faq
 #\!JYpJp.qNJdY9%564 
+4O 6" #*#1
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Chương 1
CƠ SỞ LÍ LUẬN CỦA VIỆC TẠO ĐỘNG LỰC
LÀM VIỆC CHO ĐỘI NGŨ GIÁO VIÊN
1.1. Tổng quan về vấn đề nghiên cứu
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!  -  +  _`0UJ         ?(    !    +  U3  9
•l€Wo!#1J! (#&'4?,
 DMH?,< DM'*(W(19;5!@
?>+3.? !HI DM1\^3
??,< DM6T?,< DM"4+4M#

" .!G< % DM.?("4*4
?,$ DM"*&' DM"111'!
 2")6"+;4?,1
J!5E$*"3 ?,< DM'w!27
4I8#8<R"46)D•4LDM"
O ?,<-+1J+"O ?,
<._`0UJ;5;;!&!4*&
'"4?, DM1J! D.?,< DM
;O?,<!;!#HD%?,<":*
D+O #!5(;<&?>
&'4?, DM1J&,534="
DM"LDM"+4O%5
34 ?,< DM,:#"#M1
F&'"4?,.4?,<!&M
!&%4'+4O #1K%
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 64 +H;!&%!eRDM;
 )6"2,4R1J!(4"
6# $%R&H5$%-+
$'?*G"w!2GQ,
 8'$.5$%R&H5$%
$O;!@&>!4+41
J!!&%?,<dwN4+3
? 64 <<0I8"Q 64 <
<6T '<R&lG"\"111oHO;5!&
3!4LDM564 ;<&
+4O #.H1T  DM@
5 64 " ?,<,H 8'(5
$\86R$%:"$'<!2"
$+b>HW?.€6!Y1]ƒ1

1.2. Những khái niệm cơ bản liên quan đến đề tài nghiên cứu
'$,$'$=+85
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>-%?,<:g;\ '%
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('?,<33? '<T 8
5$%$0$\6RGW?.

€6!Y1]ƒ1
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a. Thuyết nhu cWu của Abraham H. Maslow
J$.€6!Y1]ƒd
!4RD $+#.;1F
";(G1JW"$
+#.' 6R ", 
8G6,"?!2.;(+) !.
!@7R+#"7+:1/
5$&&'BH^,! $
G1
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K4S:$W6R7&&
D"R.,D$+E"6E
W7&1
Hình .1.1: Hệ thống thang bậc nhu cWu của Maslow
0Nhu cWu sinh học (nhu cWu tồn tại hay nhu cWu sinh lý)=U*&
&&G6,&"$<"&: .
)$E"Q"\"111
- Nhu cWu an toàn hay nhu cWu được bảo vệ:
†]$!#',"w6S$H+
I>H1U*O$<*< G
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419;%%. D 195D@
"3!""%4"
\"*+"8t*<1
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6H $ ^3'+41
0Nhu cWu xã hội:/,$2'
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#1]C33;$#GS6;1F&
$&2;$ !1
- Nhu cWu được nhận biết và tôn trọng=U*(.
R'+wN"?*3!275:?
(6,*S:<3!4(*
3:1K42'3!2&6,*7 *
%(!\5DM1KH";
(;>>'%3!2<1
- Nhu cWu tự khẳng định (nhu cWu về thành tích): U* 2
C%C+'1F+R&6,*$
+434;W\<d34;'
+4H2,&@1{X‚"!1XZ‚0XZ„|
0]M<(v.+4<H"
+ !D4&,5,E%P!5-+
H;,E1U*$*<\$8&.0
19DG6,&.$<+H+41
9O(4H;8B !>.H"
;<(%<1]("+"R<,,
 Q,%, !#G\$%<1€6!
]ƒ2;fq@(46%+.1h
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Bảng 1.1: Mô hình lớp nhu cWu của Maslow
Các yếu tố chung Các lớp nhu cWu

Các yếu tố cụ thể của
một tổ chức
X1j+ !
X19$+b>
H
X1]34 8
Z1j+ Z1j+ 
s1j+6
s1  j+  E    !  3
4
u1j+!34
X1j+7R
Z1F 3">>+
?N!2
X1F8D
Z1J! 
Z1JEGW<
'
s1j++  s1j+7R.&!#
u1q@+!2
u1,*34
k1J! 4
X1JH6
s19$:
X1F&'.+  
Z1JH, Z19;4G<
s1JH5>
s1  95  H  6  '   
!#3
X1j+

u1€
X1U%44
Z1€ Z1pw'
s1j+w s1F ,ER
u1j+I> u1‡>34
X1/3<
k19$N
X1/3<G4
Z1qG+ Z1qGG6,
s19\ s1U%44
J$.€6!Y1]ƒS:$
7&195$\&&G' 8^%%
4B5$\86RG1F *
!I8O.W$1F<+B
$2@<21U)"
4$'BB(M<.
1JW :W:g;$!\+?!2
4 $ *^I'.1
9;  "Q?,N;%'
.*#6T Dv 3MQ64  
$Qˆ2.22E EdG3
Xu
4'"&&G+44MRMG
4M,R1JW]ƒ"+*#"
?,<$,*#;8\*!4(86R
#!#+, $\86R;1{X‚"!1XZ„|1
Hình 1.2: Các loại nhu cWu của con người theo quan niệm của Maslow
Maslow nói:9$.;$8"ˆW8
?!28+ !.w !7&&
&1j$&&',H,@B

,$&G1
9 w6=!+("$.
!&883($"6R(6R 1
KHR<R.]ƒ%$6><R;< 
;?4d1
`;"w%$.&,w
N! '<1
b. Lý thuyết hai yếu tố của Frederick Herzberg
Xk
NHU CẦU TỰ
KHẲNG
ĐỊNH
pY•JJ‰Š9
F•9Y‹9
JŒYn•9
JYŽ9
NHU CẦU
ĐƯỢC TÔN
TRỌNG
JY•9YU•J
JŒJ9
U•‘FF’9_
9Y“9
NHU CẦU
XÃ HỘI
U•‘FFY”p
9Y“9
U•‘F…•–
JY•—9_
U•‘Fq•

JY•9YK•9
F˜€J“pJYŠ
J™9Y•9
NHU CẦU
SINH HỌC
JYŒFpYš]
/Y’9_/Y›
9•œF
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NHU CẦU
AN TOÀN
SŒU•]•n
jŒ‡9Už9Y
Yn•™9Y
Ÿ!WDW!YW! 6W! (+
=(D!H0%+B6#(wP0
B6,&6#!1
FM ('4!6,=
Các yếu tố duy trì (Nhóm 1) Các yếu tố thúc đẩy (Nhóm 2)
qG ,w'M F34;N-
j+   F,R%+
U%44 F;GE
F < ?,!> j+3R34
!?#*EF?#:9+.G+:HI<6) (
%3!I8=
†F < 1
†j+  341
†J%G1
†F ?41
†F %441

9;8&d; DMD!H! 46H1
]2*#%(R'%GG:88+
26B!1/ ('B"32;%
&#193;w"2^!\#6&4&
4,w1 F;;&, (#? môi
trường làm việc.
!?#*"F?#:9+.JK:I<6) (W
(++,!34=
†j+1
†j+7R<1
†,&6#!.341
Xy
†J! 4!
†j+E1
JR' (85(; DMwPR
+"#?6,&341/S (wP"
^6+3@"6+<w
4195%*!+6&I%Q$1{X‚"!1Xs[0XsX|
F;;(8,R.%bản thân công việc1
9YW! 6W!% (=
“Tất cả dường như mô tả mối quan hệ của một người với những điều
mà anh ta làm: nội dung công việc, những thành quả, sự nhìn nhận của tập
thể về các thành quả đó, bản chất công việc, trách nhiệm đối với một công
việc và sự phát triển về chuyên môn hay khả năng làm việc.”
9R";($##?6,*34"@
;8%3!!;34'+41
Hay:
Nguyên nhân đem đến sự hài lòng nằm ở nội dung công việc; còn
nguyên nhân gây bất mãn nằm ở môi trường làm việc.
c. Thuyết Kỳ vọng của Victor Vroom

9w6"ND#*#H'
#";%,E2^('M#&!#Q!19;
  "+động viên khích lệ#"Hhiệu quả công việc 
^E1
9D-#"4?,34Ed:& 75C+
.5*#'#1
Vì vậy chúng ta có thể nói như sau:
/GDRqE
X~
U# Y4?,
34
9C+
Năng suất làm việc = năng lực + động lực làm việc
U%H!+#¡9;;D%(1
JW?.YW! 6W!";;+3"+3
R"6,*34"! 4(34+ !
%41
9wH7;S%H#*#
H7;tv';khen thưởng0W\<
H;"$\.+R"1AF;D!#
H=
Hình 1.3: Nội dung thuyết kỳ vọng.
U# M /W\
/W\ M Y4?,34
Y4?,34 M 9C+
9C+ M U#
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J#"!H!#;3g<1
d. Thuyết công bằng về sự thúc đẩy của Adams

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U#
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Y4?,
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J!?4!T"('(:L
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4EdG1
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%R$\;3<: 1{X‚"!1Xs[|
'$,$7$-"
U+.O5;
O #;!#(?!2!4*4?,
?,NO4&41J!#+"4;!@<
!?,N4&4% ?,N,3
?*1
F;5>- %++4=
JW_ !H=+8L4.J!U2/a(D*=
f++ +4.E

C+T4 M#.I8h{X‚"!1XZ‚|1
JW7€q{s|>-+4 f
+;N8Q38GDR4
'M#'h1JW !H?,!>*+.p_j1Jj
X„
9z92a*Jj9zK*U%=fĐộng lực lao động là sự
khao khát, tự nguyện của người lao động để tăng cường nỗ lực nhằm hướng
tới việc đạt được mục tiêu, kết quả nào đó”.
JW !HYI8.Jjv€J&=fĐộng lực lao
động là những nhân tố ở bên trong nhằm kích thích con người nỗ lực làm
việc trong điều kiện cho phép tạo ra năng suất, hiệu quả cao. Biểu hiện của
động lực lao động là sự sẵn sàng nỗ lực, say mê làm việc nhằm đạt được mục
tiêu của tổ chức cũng như của bản thân người lao động”1
JW?4!#";+4; w
P  *41Các thúc đẩy đó có thể là:
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095HwPw,%H;1
0]+1
0U%$w('M<
;1
0j+<4w(S%H;1
9R"+5wP;;\D;N8
38"HR3,wwO6!e%H
+w1
U+4+3wH;;
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