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LA CHNăNGỂNăHẨNGăTHANHăTOỄNăQUC T
CAăCỄCăDOANHăNGHIP XUT NHP KHU
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 




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LA CHNăNGỂNăHẨNGăTHANHăTOỄNăQUC T
CAăCỄCăDOANHăNGHIP XUT NHP KHU
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LUNăVNăTHC S KINH T


NGIăHNG DN KHOA HC
GS.TS NGUYNăỌNGăPHONG

 
i

LIăCAMăOAN

 L
i hc Kinh t TP. H 
Cácăănhơn t nhăhngăđn quytăđnh la

chnăngơnăhƠngăthanhătoánăquc t caăcácădoanhănghip xut nhp khuătrênă
đaăbƠnăTP.H ChíăMinhu c
 li c thu th dng mc.
Kt qu a bt c
lu  bt c 
c

 lu



LêăNgcăLiên










ii

MC LC
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LIăCAMăOANă i
MC LC ii
DANH MCăKụăHIUăCỄCăT VIT TT vi

DANH MCăCỄCăBNG BIU vii
DANH MCăCỄCăHỊNHăV viii
TịMăTT LUNăVN ix
Chngă1:ăTNG QUAN V  TẨIăNGHIểNăCU 1
1.1.S cn thit caăđ tƠiănghiênăcu 1
1.2.Mc tiêuănghiênăcu 4
1.3.ăiătngăvƠăphmăviănghiênăcu 4
1.3.1. u 4
 5
1.4.ăPhngăphápănghiênăcu 5
1.5ăTínhămi,ăỦănghaăkhoaăhcăvƠăthcătinăcaăđătƠi 5
1.6. Kt cu caăbáoăcáoănghiênăcu 8
T́măttăchngă1 9
Chngă2:ăCăS LụăLUNăVẨăMỌăHỊNHăNGHIểNăCU 10
2.1. LỦălunăvăthanhătoánăquc t 10
c t c t 10
2.1.2. c  ng 11
2.1.2.1. Chuyn tin (Telegraphic Transfer - TT) 12
2.1.2.2. Nh thu (Collection) 13
2.1.2.3.ng chng t (Documentary Credits) 15
iii

2.2.ăDchăvăthanhătoánăqucătăcaăcácăngơnăhƠngătiăthƠnhăphăHăChíăMinh
18
2.3.ăQuytăđnhălaăchnăngơnăhƠng 21
2.4.ăCácătiêuăchunălaăchnăngơnăhƠng 24
 26
2.4.2. Cng 29
2.4.3. Danh ting c 31
2.4.4.  34

2.4.5. S thun tin 36
2.5.ăMôăhìnhănghiênăcuăvƠăcácăgi thuyt 38
T́măttăchngă2 39
Chngă3:ăTHITăKăNGHIểNăCU 40
 40
 42
3.2 44
3.2ng 45
 48
T́măttăchngă3 49
Chngă4:ăKT QU KIMăNHăMỌăHỊNHăNGHIểNăCU 50
4.1.ăMôăt mu 51
4.2. Kimăđnh h s tin cyăCronbach’săAlpha 54
4.3.ăPhơnătíchăyu t khámăpháăEFA 60
 - Bic lp 60
 - Bin ph thuc 65
4.4.ăPhơnătíchăhiăquyăđaăbin 66
4.4.1. Ln 1 66
 s n 1 66
iv

4.4.1.2. Kt qu i quy ln 1 67
4.4.2. Ln 2 70
 s n 2 70
4.4.2.2. Kt qu i quy ln 2 70
4.5.Dòătìmăcácăviăphm gi đnh cn thit 72
4.5.1. Gi  tuya bin ph thuc l n
hii (heteroskedasticity) 72
4.5.2. Gi nh v i chun ca ph 72
4.5.3. Gi c l ng

tuyn) 73
4.6.ThoălunăktăquăvƠăkimăđnhăcácăgiăthuytănghiênăcu 74
T́măttăchngă4 78
Chngă5:ăKT LUNăVẨăGIIăPHỄP 80
5.1. Kt lun 80
5.2. Giiăpháp 81
5.2.1. S hiu qu trong ho 81
5.2.2. Cng 83
5.2.3. Danh ting 85
 86
5.3. Hn ch 87
T́măttăchngă5 89








v

TẨIăLIU THAM KHO 90
Ting Vit 90
Ting Anh 90
PH LC 97
Ph lc A: Kt qu c 97
Ph lc B: Bi s dc 98
Ph lc u tra 102
Ph lc D: Kt qu kiu 114

1. Th 114
2.  116
3.  c lp 121
4.  n ph thuc 126
5.  129
6. i quy 132
7. m gi nh cn thit 136











vi

DANH MCăKụăHIUăCỄCăT VIT TT

T vit tt
Tênăđyăđ ting Anh
Tênăđyăđ ting Vit
DA
Document against
Acceptance
Nh thu tr chm
DP

Document against
Payment
Nh thu tr ngay
EFA
Exploratory Factor
Analysis
 

LC
Letter of credit
ng
STP Award
Straight  Through -
Processing Award
Gi
c t xut
sc
SWIFT
Society for Worldwide
Interbank Financial
Telecommunication
Hip hi vi

quc t
TMCP

i c phn
TP



TT
Telegraphic Transfer
Chuyn tin
TTQT

c t
UCP
Uniform Customs and
Practice for Documents
Credits






vii

DANH MCăCỄCăBNG BIU
1
2013 1
Bn la chng doanh nghip 22
B quan trng c i v 27
B c 32
 50
 55
 55
 56
u qu trong hong
 57

 thun ti 58
nh la ch
c t 59
B 61
 62
Bt kt qu  64
 65
 66
 67
Bng 4.14

ln 1 68
 69
 70
Bng 4.17

ln 2 71
 71
19 77


viii

DANH MCăCỄCăHỊNHăV

       n vi    n phm dch v 
 28
nh la chc t 38
 41

ix

TịMăTT LUNăVN


             Cácă nhơnă tă nhă
hngăđnăquytăđnhălaăchnăngơnăhƠngăthanhătoánăqucătăcaăcácădoanhă
nghipăxutănhpăkhuătrênăđaăbƠnăthƠnhăphăHăChíăMinh
 n quynh la chc
t cp xut nhp kh ng c
t n vic la chn chc tt s gii
nh tranh ca dch v c t.





 s tin
c

      a 4
 , Cp ng, Hiu qu trong hong)
vi quynh la chc t ca doanh nghip xut nhp
kh H  th hin m ng
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m   vi m  thn tr  
1

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               
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

Bngă1.1ă:ăTngăkimăngchăxutănhpăkhuăcaăVităNamătrongăgiaiăđonă
2010 ậ 2013
năvătính:ătăUSD
Nm
Kimăngch
2010
2011
2012
9ăthángăđuă
nmă2013
Xutăkhu
72.19
97
114.6
96.5
Nhpăkhu
84.80
106
114.3
96.6
Tng
156.99
206
228.9
193.1

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 tham gia c



nh ch c t 
          
Straight  Through -
Processing Award) cho nhc t hiu qu,
t quy chun cao. Gi s  kh
c hit v tng th 
ng ca tng giao dp th

i t

vn
3

         
i c ph ng
T    TMCP k     
TMCP TMCP 
TMCP TMCP 
TP H      TMCP    
    TMCP  ng b    
TMCP TMCP 
i c phn Quc t TMCP Petrolimex (PGBank),
   i c phn Vit nam Thn    
TMCP Nam Vit (Navibank). [66].
      ng dch v      
cnh tranh git, vi nh
n quynh la chc t cp
xut nhp khn thit. Tht vy, nu xem hoc
t t miu phn vi t l rt
ng hp cng Ngc Yn (2012) t a
n t n 2011, Vietcombank chim khong
20% th phc t (th phng ch  doanh s thanh
toán quc t ca mt ngân hàng/kim ngch xut nhp khu ca c nc), k ti
        i th
phn t 1-3%, phi thuc v 
t gich v c tp
ch giao dc t?
Mc quynh la chc t ca
   bi    
 thc ti n thc hi ắCácănhơnă

t nhăhngăđn quytăđnh la chnăngơnăhƠngăthanhătoánăquc t caăcácă
doanh nghip xut nhp khuătrênăđaăbƠnăthƠnhăph H ChíăMinh”.
4

1.2. Mcătiêuănghiênăcu
    t
nh la chc t cp xut nhp khu.
Mcătiêuănghiênăcuăcăth:
-        n quy nh la ch  
c t cghip xut nhp khu.
-  ng c n vic la chn ch
c t cp xut nhp khu.
-  xut mt s ginh tranh
ca dch v c t
Cơu hiănghiênăcu
- a chn ch
c t cp xut nhp khu?
- a chn
chc t cp xut nhp khu?

1.3.ăiătngăvƠăphmăviănghiênăcu
1.3.1. iătngănghiênăcu:
 n quynh la
chc t cp xut nhp kha
 H Giáăc, Cp
tínădng, Danh tingăngơnăhƠng,ăSăhiuăquăcaăngơnăhƠngătrongăhotăđngă
thngăngƠyăSăthunătin.ă    ca nghi
c

5

1.3.2.ăPhmăviănghiênăcu:




1.4.ăPhngăphápănghiênăcu
             

- Nghiênăcuăđnhătính

              

- Nghiênă cuă đnhă lng         
    s
dng phn mm x  liu th x  li h
s tin c       EFA (Exploratory Factor
i quy tuyc s d kim tra mi quan
h gic ln ph thuc.

1.5ăTínhămi,ăỦănghaăkhoaăhcăvƠăthcătinăcaăđătƠi



     

n thy r quan trng nht trong vic la chn

a 174 doanh nghip nh  lãi sut cho vay, kh nng đáp
6

ng nh cu vay vn và s lng dch v mà ngân hàng cung cp. Mt s 
c n s la chng cp
ln c thc hin   c M. Mt cu  p
 c thc hin bi Rosenblatt (1988), mt cu 
c thc hin bt mu tra
v  HongKong cy
cht lng dch v, chuỔên môn ca đi ng nhân viên  quan trng
a ch
         Business banking in Australia: a
comparison of expectations  n quynh la
ch 
quan trNgân hàng sn sàng đáp ng nhu cu tín dng ca khách
hàng, Ngân hàng hiu qu trong nhng hot đng thng ngàỔ, Ngân hàng hiu v
hot đng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip, Ngân hàng đa ra phí sn phm dch v
cnh tranh, Ngân hàng to nên mi quan h cá nhân vi khách hàng, Ngân hàng có
th cung cp tt c các sn phm dch v đc Ổêu cu.







n 





7



WIFT

      




 ắCácă nhơnă t nhă hngă đn quytă đnh la
chnăngơnăhƠngăthanhătoánăquc t caăcácădoanhănghip xut nhp khuătrênă
đaăbƠnăthƠnhăph H ChíăMinh”ă


 
a chn chc t c
nghip xut nhp kh H

q


8

1.6. Kt cu caăbáoăcáoănghiênăcu

Chng 1: Tng quan v đ tƠiănghiênăcu
i thiu s cn thit c 
cng, phu, 
 c 
Chngă2:ăCăs lỦălunăvƠămô hìnhănghiênăcu
 cung c n v c t 


 Giá c, Cp tín dng, Danh ting ngân hàng, S
hiu qu ca ngân hàng trong hot đng thng ngàỔ, S thun tin. 

 thuy
Chngă3:ăThităk nghiênăcu
D     u, ph       u 
 n cu  c
bit gii thiu     

Chngă4:ăKt qu kimăđnhămôăhìnhănghiênăcu
  mi thiu kt qu cu sau khi 
liu. Dt qu  s thc hi m
t n quynh la chc t c
doanh nghip.
Chngă5:ăKt lun vƠăgiiăphápă
t nhng kt lu xut mt s gi
dt qu ca nh



9

T́măttăchngă1
          

 n quynh la ch
c t ch nghip xut nhp kh H
a ch
c t  



 
  
gi .











10

Chngă2:ăCăS LụăLUNăVẨăMỌăHỊNHăNGHIểNăCU


a
,




2.1. LỦălunăvăthanhătoánăquc t
2.1.1.ăKháiănimăthanhătoánăquc t vƠăphngăthc thanh toánăquc t
Trong quan h quc t kinh t (m
yu l 
h quc t n ti vn nhu
cu chi tr, thanh  th   
n hong c t

  Thanhă toánă quc t l c thc hi   v chi tr v
quyng li v tin t  ng kinh t v
gi chc ni t cha mt
quc gia vi t chc quc t gic
li
 m tr  y   c t phc v    c hot
ng l vtrong thc t gia
ng giao thoa vi nhau. T v 
thc t tii hong thanh
c t thnh vc r
u dch) vmu dch)
11

- Thanh toán trong ngoi thngc thc hi 
p khch v 
c th ng quc t  
ng ngo
- Thanh toán phi ngoi thng: c thc hi
n   ng lao v c ngo
ngha l
vic chi tr ci giao  c 
i cc, t chc vn tin qu
biu, tr cp c           
ngun tr cp ca mt t chc t thi c  ch
c
Vic thuc hai quc tin
ng nhnh.
Tr c t 
c thc hin chi tr mt hng xut nhp kh
n t n cp khu chuyn ca
t kh ng ngong t p
c la chc quc t 
ng gip vi tt l trong thanh
c t
2.1.2. Cácăphngăthc thanhătoánăqucăt thôngădng
c t ng trong nn kinh t th gi
yc thc hi thu. Ba c
c t ng nht hic chuyn ti
thc nh ng chng t.
Tri thi [6]

12

2.1.2.1. Chuyn tin (Telegraphic Transfer - TT)
Chuyn ti
i chuyn ti n mt s tin nhnh
i th ng  mm nhnh.
Chuyn tin gc: chuyn tin tr n tin tr
sau. Chuyn tin tr c chuyn tin tr i xut khc khi
nhc li, chuyn tin tr i xut
khc chuyn tic t ng
chuyn tin h c mt phn, tr sau mt phn theo mt t l
nh gim thiu ri ro cho c hai.
Trc v i chuyn tin s thc hin
vic chuyn tic v i th ng s ti
 n tin lp v i chuyn
tii nhn tin tin hc tip vc
hin chuyn tin ch y nhi 
v rc bt c m gi vi chuyn vi th
ng.
uănhcăđimăvƠăđiuăkinăvnădng:ă
            
 





               

t khp khng
h m l hp
13

ng mua n l  n quyn li hoc thi 
nhim l dp.
2.1.2.2. Nh thu (Collection)
Nh i xut kh
 c cung ng dch v ti
phc v  tin t p khu d hi phing t do
i xut khu lp ra.





-



Các loi nh thu cn bn

- Nh thu phiu trn (Clean Collections)



h




14

- Nh thu kèm chng t dng DA (Document Collection DA)



              
               
  Document against Acceptance  D
 


- Nh thu kèm chng t dng DP (Document Collection DP)

 

D


uănhcăđimăvƠăđiuăkinăvnădng:ă
    




            



      

