Tài liệu ôn thi THPT quốc gia môn tiếng anh 2016 cực hay (Phần 9 - các loại mệnh đề trong tiếng anh)

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RELATIVE CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề quan hệ) - PHẦN 1
I. Tóm tắt bài giảng
A. 3 loại mệnh đề:
 Mệnh đề danh từ
Ví dụ: I don't understand what the teacher said.
That I dislike him is clear.
What she like is clear.
Whether she loves me or not is unknown.
 Mệnh đề quan hệ hay mệnh đề tính từ
Mệnh đề quan hệ hay còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ vì nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và đứng ngay
sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa cho.
Ví dụ: The man who lent me this book is my father's friend.
She is talking to the man who lent me this book.
 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ (Adverbial clauses)
Ví dụ: I won't leave until he answers my question.
I will call him once I have finished my job.
B. Mệnh đề quan hệ
 Đại từ quan hệ chỉ người: who - thay thế cho chủ ngữ, whom - thay thế cho tân ngữ, whose +
N - thay thế cho sở hữu cách.
The girl who loves me is a teacher.
The girl whom I love is a teacher.
The girl whose sister loves me is a teacher.
The girl whose sister I love is a teacher.
That is the girl who loves me.

 Đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật: which - thay thế cho cả chủ ngữ và tân ngữ, whose / of which – thay
thế cho sở hữu cách
The language which we are learning is the most popular in the world. (which là tân ngữ)
We are learning the language which is the most popular in the world. (which là chủ ngữ)
Ví dụ:
The house is now in bad condition.
Its roof was blown off by the hurricane is now in bad condition.
--> The house whose roof / the roof of which was blown off by the hurricane is now in bad condition.
 That: dùng cho cả người và vật, thay thế cho cả chủ ngữ và tân ngữ.
Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn: (Restrictive relative clause) và Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn:
(Non-restrictive relative clause)
 Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn: The man who / that invented the steam engine was a Scottish
scientist.
 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn: James Watt, who invented the steam engine, was a Scottish
scientist. --> không được thay “who” bằng “that”
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 That không được thay thế cho sở hữu cách: whose, of which
 The man whom / that we are talking about is my teacher.
The man about whom we are talking is my teacher.  Cách dùng này trang trọng hơn
(Khi đưa giới từ lên trước đại từ quan hệ thì không dùng “that” được.)
 Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn trong các trường hợp sau:

- Danh từ riêng (Proper noun)
- Tính từ sở hữu + Danh từ (Ví dụ: my teacher, my little )
- Tính từ chỉ định: that table
II. Bài về nhà
Combine the following pairs of sentences
1. Some people live in HongKong. They earn a lot of money.
2. Well, They said they want a pay rise. It is unreasonable.
3. We often go to visit our friends in Shekou. It is quite near ferry.
4. Who was that lady? I saw you with last night.
5. Where do those guys come from? You borrowed their car.
6. Our boss had a heart attack last week. He hasn’t been back to work since.
7. That's the man. I got the bag from him yesterday.
8. Economics is a subject. I am very interested in it.
9. This is Joanne. I gave my notes to her.
10. The friend spoke French. Jim was travelling with him.
11. The ladder began to slip. Tom was standing on it.
12. This is the city. I was born in this city.
13. Paul is fitter than you. I play tennis with him on weekends.
14. The woman said the machine was very good. Jim bought the machine from her.
15. The chair is in bad shape. You are sitting on it.
16. She worked for a man. The man used to be an athlete.
17. They called a lawyer. The lawyer lived nearby.
18. I sent an email to my brother. My brother lives in Australia.
19. The customer liked the waitress. The waitress was very friendly.
20. We broke the computer. The computer belonged to my father.
21. I dropped a glass. The glass was new.
22. She loves books. The books have happy endings.
23. They live in a city. The city is in the north of England.
24. The man is in the garden. The man is wearing a blue jumper.
25. The girl works in a bank. The girl is from India.

26. My sister has three children. My sister lives in Australia.
27. The waiter was rude. The waiter was wearing a blue shirt.
28. The money is in the kitchen. The money belongs to John.
29. The table got broken. The table was my grandmother’s.
30. The television was stolen. The television was bought 20 years ago.
31. The fruit is on the table. The fruit isn’t fresh.
32. We ate the fruit. I bought the fruit.
33. She bought the computer. Her brother had recommended the computer.
34. He lost the money. I had given him the money.
35. We called the taxi company. Julie often uses the taxi company.
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36. John met a girl. I used to employ the girl.
37. Lucy called the doctor. My mother knows the doctor.
38. He brought a woman. I used to often meet the woman .
39. We employed the lawyer. Julie recommended the lawyer.
40. The fruit is on the table. I bought the fruit.
41. The wallet belongs to John. Lucy found the wallet in the garden.
42. The food was delicious. David cooked the food.
43. The car was stolen. My father gave me the car.
44. The man was arrested. I reported the man to the police.
45. The doctor was right. Lucy asked the doctor about her problem.

46. The waitress was very pretty. My brother dated the waitress.
47. The secretary is in the office. The boss likes the secretary.
KEY
1. Some people who live in HongKong earn a lot of money.
2. Well, They said they want a pay rise, which is unreasonable.
3. We often go to visit our friends in Shekou, where is quite near ferry.
4. Who was that lady, with whom I saw you last night? or Who was that lady, who I saw you with last
night?
5. Where do those guys, whose car you borrowed , come from?
6. Our boss , who had a heart attack last week , hasn’t been back to work since.
7. That's the man from whom I got the bag yesterday.
8. Economics is a subject in which I am very interested.
9. This is Joanne, to whom I gave my notes.
10. The friend with whom Jim was travelling spoke French.
11. The ladder on which Tom was standing began to slip.
12. This is the city in which I was born.
13. Paul, which whom I play tennis on weekends , is fitter than you.
14. The woman from whom Jim bought the machine said the machine was very good.
15. The chair on which you are sitting is in bad shape.
16. She worked for a man who / that used to be an athlete.
17. They called a lawyer who / that lived nearby.
18. I sent an email to my brother who / that lives in Australia.
19. The customer liked the waitress who / that was very friendly.
20. We broke the computer which / that belonged to my father.
21. I dropped a glass which / that was new.
22. She loves books which / that have happy endings.
23. They live in a city which / that is in the north of England.
24. The man who / that is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden.
25. The girl who / that is from India works in a bank.
26. My sister who / that lives in Australia has three children.

27. The waiter who / that was wearing a blue shirt was rude.
28. The money which / that belongs to John is in the kitchen.
29. The table which / that was my grandmother’s got broken.
30. The television which / that was bought 20 years ago was stolen.
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31. The fruit which / that isn’t fresh is on the table.
32. We ate the fruit (which / that) I bought.
33. She bought the computer(which / that) her brother had recommended.
34. He lost the money (which / that) I had given him.
35. We called the taxi company (which / that) Julie often uses.
36. John met a girl (who / that) I used to employ.
37. Lucy called the doctor (who / that) my mother knows.
38. He brought a woman (who / that) I used to often meet.
39. We employed the lawyer (who / that) Julie recommended.
40. The fruit (which / that) I bought is on the table.
41. The wallet (which / that) Lucy found in the garden belongs to John.
42. The food (which / that) David cooked was delicious.
43. The car (which / that) my father gave me was stolen.
44. The man (who / that) I reported to the police was arrested.
45. The doctor (who / that) Lucy asked about her problem was right.
46. The waitress (who / that) my brother dated was very pretty.

47. The secretary (who / that) the boss likes is in the office.

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MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - PHẦN 2
I. Tóm tắt bài giảng
* So sánh WHAT với WHICH / THAT
What được dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ (Noun Clause). What = the thing(s) that
Thank you for what ( = the things that) you have done.
I can lend you $5. It's all that I have.
I don't understand what you mean.
They give their children everything that they want.
What surprised everybody was John's exam result.
* Các trường hợp dùng “that”
 Để thay thế cho cụm danh từ bao gồm cả người và vật
He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London.


Dùng với so sánh hơn nhất, với “the first”, “the last”
This is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen.
She was the first / the last person that broke the silence.
Lưu ý: Khi các đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho tân ngữ thì có thể bỏ đi

Ví dụ: The girl I met yesterday was beautiful. (The girl whom / that I met yesterday was beautiful.)


Dùng với “all”, “only”, các đại từ bất định: anything, everything, nothing
All that I can do for you is to leave you alone.

* Mệnh đề nối tiếp: đứng sau dấu phẩy, thay thế cho cả mệnh đề phía trước trước (không phải thay
thế cho danh từ đứng trước nó).
He always tells lie, which makes her sad. (Không dùng “that” sau dấu “,”) = That he always tells lies
makes her sad. (Trường hợp này không dùng “which”)
S+ V+O, V-ing: Dạng giảm lược mệnh đề quan hệ ở chủ động
Ví dụ: He always tells lie, making her sad.
* All of/ most of/none of/neither of/any of/either of/ some of/many of/ much of/ (a) few of/ both
of/ half of/ each of/ one of/ two of …etc + whom/ which
- I tried on three pairs of shoes. None of the shoes fitted me.
 I try on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.
- Mary has three brothers. All of them are married.
 Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married.
- They asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
 They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
- Tom tried on three jackets, none of which fitted him.
- Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.
- They have got three cars. They rarely use two of them.
 They have got three cars, two of which they rarely use.
- She has got a lot of friends, many of whom she was at school with.
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Lưu ý:
- Vị trí của mệnh đề quan hệ: đứng vào giữa câu, đứng cuối câu.
- I own a bar in the Old Quater which opens day and night. (Tôi sở hữu một quán bar ở phố cổ
mà mở cửa cả ngày và đêm.)
=>which bổ nghĩa cho “a bar”, không phải bổ nghĩa cho “the Old Quater”
 Một số câu hỏi áp dụng (Chữa trong video)
1) The book ____ I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. B & C are correct
2) What’s the name of the blonde girl ____ just came in?
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & B are correct
3) I don’t like people ____ lose their tempers easily.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
4) Mexico City, ____ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing
city in the world.
A. which
B. whose

C. that
D. A & B are correct
5) This is Henry, ____ sister works for my father.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. All are correct
6) He’s the man ____ people like at first sight.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
7) Could you iron the trousers ____ are hanging up behind the door?
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
8) Where is the girl ____ sells tickets?
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
9) The man____ we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
10) The artist ____ name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen.
A. who
B. whose

C. that
D. A & C are correct
II. Bài về nhà
Exercise 1. Use the information in the first sentence to complete the second sentence. Use all of /
most of etc. or the … of + whom / which.
1 All of Mary's brothers are married.
Mary has three brothers, ………………………………………………………………………………...
2 Most of the information we were given was useless.
We were given a lot of information, ……………………………………………………………………..
3 Jane has received neither of the letters I sent her.
I sent Jane two letters, ……………………………………………………………………………………
4 None of the ten people who applied for the job was suitable.
Ten people applied for the job, …………………………………………………………………………
5 Kate hardly ever uses one of her computers.
Kate has got two computers, ……………………………………………………………………………..
6 Mike gave half of the £50,000 he won to his parents.
Mike won £50,000, ………………………………………………………………………………………
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7 Both of Julia's sisters are teachers.
Julia has two sisters, …………………………………………………………………………………….
8 I went to a party - I knew only a few of the people there.

There were a lot of people at the party, …………………………………………………………………
9 The sides of the road we drove along were lined with trees.
We drove along the road, the ……………………………………………………………………………
10 The aim of the company's new business plan is to save money.
The company has a new business plan, …………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2. Make one sentence from two. Use the sentence in brackets to make a relative clause.
You will need to use who(m)/whose/which/where.
1. Catherine is very friendly. (She lives next door.)
2. We stayed at the Park Hotel. (A friend of ours had recommended it.)
3. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. (It is not very far away.)
4. I went to see the doctor. (He told me to rest for a few days.)
5. John is one of my closest friends. (I have known him for a very long time.)
6. Sheila is away from home a lot. (Her job involves a lot of travelling.)
7. The new stadium will be opened next month. (It can hold 90,000 people.)
8. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. (My brother lives there.)
9. A friend of mine helped me to get a job. (His father is the manager of a company.)
10. I've got a brother called Rob. He lives in Australia. He's a doctor.
My brother Rob ………………………………………………………………………………..
11. There was a strike at the car factory. It began ten days ago. It is now over.
The strike at the car factory ………………………………………………………………….
12. I was looking for a book this morning. I've found it now.
I've found ........................................................................................................................
13. London was once the largest city in the world, but the population is now falling.
The population of London ............................................................................................................
14. A job was advertised. A lot of people applied for it. Few of them had the necessary
qualitications.
Few of .........................................................................................…………….…………….
15. Amy has a son. She showed me a photograph of him. He's a policeman.
Amy showed me ………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3. Điền đại từ quan hệ thích hợp vào chỗ trống

1. There are few books ……. you can read in this book store.
2. He asked about the factories and workers ……… he had visited.
3. The man………spoke is my father.
4. The car …… he bought last Thursday was very cheap.
5. Tom …….is my brother won the match.
6. This is the best novel ……… I have ever read.
7. The first sight ………was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
8. The waiter …… we gave the tip was very pleased.
9. That's the man ………. house was destroyed by a tornado.
10. It is the only book …….. he bought himself.
11. You can take any room ……… you like.
12. There is no clothes …….. fit you here.
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13. Which of the books ……. had pictures was worth reading?
14. The man over there …….face is dirty saved the child.
15. The chair on …… I was sitting broke down.
16. It is in this room ……… he was born twenty years ago.
17. The pupils …… he was speaking to were very noisy.
18. ……… are you speaking to?
19. The crowd ……… was very angry began to shout.

KEY
Exercise 1.
1. all of whom are married
2. most of which was useless
3. neither of which she has received
4. none of whom was suitable
5. one of which she hardly ever uses
6. half of which he gave to his parents
7. both of whom are teachers
8. only a few of whom I knew
9. (the) sides of which were lined with trees
10. the aim of which is to save money
Exercise 2.
1. Catherine, who lives next door, is very friendly.
2. We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours had recommended.
3. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is not very far away.
4. I went to see the doctor, who told me to rest for a few days.
5. John, whom I have known him for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.
6. Sheila, whose job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot.
7. The new stadium, which can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month.
8. Glasgow, where my brother lives, is the largest city in Scotland.
9. A friend of mine, whose father is the manager of a company, helped me to get a job.
10. My brother Rob, who lives in Australia, is a doctor.
11. The strike at the car factory, which began ten days ago, is now over.
12. I've found the book (that / which) I was looking for this morning.
13. The population of London, which was once the largest city in the world, is now falling.
14. Few of the people who / that applied for the job had the necessary qualitications.
15. Amy showed me a photograph of her son, who is a policeman.
Exercise 3.
1. that

7. that
13. that
19. which

2. that
8. whom
14. whose

3. who
9. whose
15. which

4. which
10. that
16. that

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5. who
11. that
17. whom

6. that
12. that
18. who

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RELATIVE CLAUSE - PHẦN 3
When / where / why = pre + which

I. Tóm tắt bài giảng
1. Where: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi trốn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there)
Eg:
This is the house. We often stay in the house in the summer.
This is the house where we used to live. = This is the house in which we used to live = This is
the house which we used to live in.
I'm calling from the bar. The bar is very noisy.
The bar which I'm calling from is very noisy. = The bar from which I'm calling is very noisy. =
The bar where I'm calling is very noisy.
2. When: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ thời gian, dùng thay cho at, on, in +
which
Eg:
May Day is the day when people hold a meeting. (= on which)
The days on which / when I lived far from home were the saddest ones.
I’ll never forget the day when I met her.
(=on which)
3. Why: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for the reason”
why = the reason why / the cause why
Eg:
Please tell me the reason why you are so sad.
The reason why I came late this morning was that my alarm clock didn't go of.
He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before.
EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES (Bài tập chữa trong video)

Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb
1. She is the most intelligent woman. I’ve ever met this woman.
2. This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday.
3. These children are orphans. She is taking care of these children.
4. The two young men are not good persons. You are acquainted with them.
5. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.
6. The man is my father. I respect this man most.
7. The man is my father. I respect his opinion most.
8. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.
9. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.
10. The middle-aged man is the director. My father is talking to him.
11. The boy is my cousin. You make fun of him.
12. The student is from china. He sits next to me.
13. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
14. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.
15. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him.
16. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to market.
17. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married.
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18. I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.
19. I recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.

20. Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio.
21. You didn’t tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
22. The day was rainy. She left on that day.
23. I’ve sent him two letters. He has received neither of them.
24. That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name.
25. One of the elephants had only one tusk. We saw these elephants at the zoo.
26. That car belongs to Dr. Clark. Its engine is very good.
27. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
28. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
29. Rod Lee has won an Oscar. I know his sister.
30. Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it.
31. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out.
32. 7.05 is the time. My plane arrives then.
33. Max isn’t home yet. That worries me.
34. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.
35. Last week I went to see the house. I used to live in it.
36. I don’t know the girl’s name. She’s just gone into the hall.
37. Be sure to follow the instructions. They are given at the top of the page.
38. Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place. Its water is always blue.

KEY TO EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. She is the most intelligent woman (that) I’ve ever met.
2.This doctor, whom you visited yesterday, is famous.
3. These children,whom she is taking care of, are orphans.
4. The two young men, whom you are acquainted with, are not good persons.
5. My father, whom you met this morning, goes swimming everyday.
6. The man whom I respect most is my father.
7. The man whose opinion I respect most is my father.
8. Mary and Margaret whom you met yesterday are twins.
9. I’ll introduce you to the man whose support is necessary for your project.

10. The middle-aged man is the director whom my father is talking to.
11. The boy whom you make fun of is my cousin.
12. The student who sits next to me is from China.
13. I thanked the woman who had helped me.
14. The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
15. Mr. Smith, who I had come to see, said he was too busy to speak to me.
16. I saw a lot of people and horses that went to the market.
17. Tom has three sisters, all of whom are married.
18. I recently went back to Paris, which is still as beautiful as a pearl.
19. I recently went back to Paris, in which I was born nearly 50 years ago.
20.Do you know the music which is being played on the radio?
21. You didn’t tell us the reason for which we have to cut down our daily expenses.
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22. The day on which/when she left was rainy.
23. I’ve sent him two letters, neither of which he has received.
24. That man, whose name I don’t remember, is an artist.
25. One of the elephants which we saw at the zoo had only one tusk.
26. That car, the engine of which is very good, belongs to Dr. Clark.
27. Thank you very much for the present which you sent me.
28. This is Mrs. Jones, whose son won the championship last year.
29. I’ll introduce you the man whose support is necessary for your project.

30. Rod Lee, whose sister I know has won an Oscar.
31. Is this the style of hair which your wife wants to have?
32. A man who answered the phone said Tom was out.
33. 7.05 is the time at which my plane arrives.
34. Max isn’t home yet, which worries me.
35. Do you know the building the windows of which are painted green?
36. Last week I went to see the house in which I used to live.
37. I don’t know the name of the girl who has just gone into the hall.
38. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
39. Hoan Kiem lake, the water of which is always blue, is a historical place.
II. Bài về nhà
Exercise 1. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using relative clauses:
1. The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there.
………………………………………………………………………
2. He was sitting on a chair. It was uncomfortable.
…………………………………………………………………………
3. He smokes cigarettes. They are very strong.
……… ……………………………………………………............................
4. Let me see the pictures. You took them at Peter's wedding.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Some people only think about money. I don't like them.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Do you know that lady? I repaired her car.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
7. John has bought a house. There are ghosts in that house.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. A man stole £10,000 from a bank. The police have caught him.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
9. I bought bananas this morning. I have lost them.
…………………………………………………………………………………….

10. Could you iron those trousers? They're hanging up behind the door.
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. He worked with some people. They thought he was stupid.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
12. When I looked through the window I saw a girl. Her beauty took my breath away.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
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13. These are the books. I use them in the class.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
14. That's the name. I couldn't remember it yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
15. The film is about two people. Their plane crashed in the jungle.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
16. The film is about a king. His ambition was to rule the world.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
17. They are the people. I was talking about them.
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. That is the tunnel. I went through it.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
19. He's the criminal. The police are looking for him.
…………………………………………………………………………………….

20. My flat is in an old part of the city. It was built in the 1920s.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
21. There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood. I live in the neighbourhood.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
22. My neighbour comes from Ecuador. He works on the fruit farms around the city.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
23. The neighbour makes a lot of noise walking around. His flat is above mine.
…………………………………………………………………………
24. The traffic is also very noisy. It passes my flat.
……………………………………………………………………………..
25. The local market sells excellent local produce. It is a two-minute walk from my flat.
……………………………………………………………………………………
26. John is speaking to his boss. His boss is a famous writer.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
27. I like the town. You live there.
……………………………………………………………………………………
28. I like the painting. It is in this room.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
29. The man was sick. He looked very pale.
………………………………………………………………………………….
30. He was sitting in the emergency room. It was very crowded.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
31. She gave the man an injection. It made him go to sleep.
………………………………………………………………………………….
32. This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it.
……………………………………………………………………………….
33. I lent you a book. The book was written by one my friends.
…………………………………………………………………………….
34. Do you know a restaurant? We can have a good meal there.
…………………………………………………………………………………….

Exercise 2. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using relative clause with preposition:
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1. I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The police want to know the hotel. Mr. Bush stayed at this hotel two weeks ago.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The reasons are basic grammatical ones. I’m scolded by the teacher for these reasons.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. I have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
……………………………………………………………………………….
5. The airport is the most modern one. We are going to arrive at this airport.
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. She doesn’t want to speak to the cause. She divorced her husband for this cause.
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. The teacher is Mr. Pike. We studied with him last year.
……………………………………………………………………………..
8. The problem has been discussed in class. We are very interested in it.
……………………………………………………………………………..
9. Many diseases are no longer dangerous. People died of them years ago.
…………………………………………………………………………..
10. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.

…………………………………………………………………………….
11. I like standing at the windows. I can see the park from this window.
……………………………………………………………………………….
12. The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him.
………………………………………………………………………………
13. This is rare opportunity. You should take advantage of it to get a better job.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
14. This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it.
……………………………………………………………………………….
KEY
Exercise 1.
1. The pub where I first met my wife is opposite the Town Hall.
2. He was sitting on a chair which was uncomfortable.
3. He smokes cigarettes which are very strong.
4. Let me see the pictures which you took at Peter's wedding.
5. I don't like some people who/that only think about money.
6. Do you know that lady, whose car I repaired ?
7. John has bought a house where / in which there are ghosts .
8. The police have caught a man who stole £10,000 from a bank.
9. I have lost bananas which I bought this morning.
10. Could you iron those trousers,which are hanging up behind the door?
11. He worked with some people who/that thought he was stupid.
12. When I looked through the window I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.
13. These are the books which I use in the class.
14. That's the name which I couldn't remember yesterday.
15. The film is about two people whose plane crashed in the jungle.
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16. The film is about a king whose ambition was to rule the world.
17. They are the people whom I was talking about .
18. That is the tunnel which I went through .
19. He's the criminal whom the police are looking for .
20. My flat, which was built in the 1920s ,is in an old part of the city .
21. There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood where/in which I live.
22. My neighbour, who works on the fruit farms around the city, comes from Ecuador .
23. The neighbour whose flat is above mine makes a lot of noise walking around.
24. The traffic which passes my flat is also very noisy.
25. The local market which is a two-minute walk from my flat sells excellent local produce.
26. John is speaking to his boss,who is a famous writer.
27. I like the town where you live .
28. I like the painting which is in this room.
29. The man who looked very pale was sick.
30. He was sitting in the emergency room which was very crowded.
31. She gave the man an injection which made him go to sleep.
32. This is the bank which we borrowed the money from .
33. I lent you a book which was written by one my friends.
34. Do you know a restaurant where we can have a good meal?
Exercise 2.
1. I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop in which you can find valuable books.
2. The police want to know the hotel at which Mr. Bush stayed two weeks ago.
3. The reasons for which I’m scolded by the teacher are basic grammatical ones.
4. I have not decided the day on which I’ll go to London.

5. The airport at which we are going to arrive is the most modern one.
6. She doesn’t want to speak to the cause for which she divorced her husband .
7. The teacher with whom we studied last year is Mr. Pike.
8. The problem in which we are very interested has been discussed in class.
9. Many diseases of which people died years ago are no longer dangerous.
10. Do you see my pen,with which I have just written the lesson ?
11. I like standing at the windows from which I can see the park.
12. The boy of whom you made fun is my cousin.
13. This is rare opportunity of which you should take advantage to get a better job.
14. This matter, to which you should pay attention, is of great importance.

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GIẢM MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE
(V - ing / PII / to V / noun phrase)

I. Tóm tắt bài giảng
1) Dùng cụm Ving: Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động.
- The man who is standing there is my brother.  The man standing there is my brother.
- The girl who bought this cat is beautiful.  The girl buying this cat is beautiful.
- The students who don't do their homework will be punished.
 The students not doing their homework will be punished.

* Lưu ý: Khi có giới từ thì không giảm mệnh đề quan hệ được, chỉ có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ.
Ví dụ:
The man whom I am talking about is handsome.  không giảm mệnh đề quan hệ được, chỉ có thể
lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ “whom”: The man I am talking about is handsome.
2) Dùng cụm P.P: Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động.
I like books which were written by NguyenDu
I like books written by NguyenDu
3) Dùng cụm to inf.
Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa :
- ONLY,LAST, số thứ tự như: FIRST,SECOND...
This is the only student who can do the problem.
This is the only student to do the problem.
- Động từ là HAVE/HAD
I have many homework that I must do.
I have many homework to do.
- Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today.
There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
* Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu. ( đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất).
- We have a rack which we hang our coat on. ( Chúng tôi có một cái giá để treo quần áo lên.)
 We have a rack to hang our coat on.
- We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
 We have a peg to hang our coat on.
* Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
- We have some picture books that children can read.
- We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we, you, everyone.... thì có thể không cần
ghi ra. Ví dụ:

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- Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
- Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us) to think about.
4) Dùng cụm danh từ - noun phrase ( đồng chủ ngữ )
Dùng khi mệnh đề tính từ có dạng:
Who / which + BE + DANH TỪ / TÍNH TỪ / CỤM DANH TỪ / CỤM TRẠNG NGỮ
Cách làm: bỏ who ,which và be
- Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.  Football, a popular sport, is very good
for health.
- Do you like the book which is on the table?  Do you like the book on the table?
- Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is beautiful.  Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is beautiful.

 Bài tập vận dụng
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V hoặc Vto
1. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
...................................................................................................................................................................................
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
3. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.

...................................................................................................................................................................................
5. They live in a house that was built in
...................................................................................................................................................................................
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
7. Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
8. We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
9. I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country
...................................................................................................................................................................................
10. The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
12. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
14. They live in a house that was built in
...................................................................................................................................................................................
15. He was the first man who left the burning building.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
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16. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors

...................................................................................................................................................................................
17. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
18. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
19. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
20. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
21. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
22. He was the only man who reached the top.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
23. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
24. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
25. He was the second man who was saved in the fire.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
26. I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
27. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
28. The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable.
...................................................................................................................................................................................

29. This is the third who is late for the meeting today.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
30. Am I the next person who joins the interview ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
5. Câu nhấn mạnh (Emphatic form)
It is / was + ….. + that / who / whom / which + verb + clause
Ví dụ: Alex won the prize in 2005.
 It was Alex who / that won the prize in 2005.
 It was the prize that / which Alex won in 2005.
 It was in 2005 that Alex won the prize.
(Không dùng: It was in 2005 when Alex won the prize. )
II. Bài về nhà
Bài 1. Rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây
1) We had a river in which we could swim .
2) Here are some accounts that you must check.
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3) The last student that was interviewed was Tom.
4) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN.
5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad.
6) I was the only one who realized him.
7) I have some homework which I must do tonight.

8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at
the motel.
10) There are six reports which have to be typed today.
Bài 2. Rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây
1) Dalat, which is best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather.
2) Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the
wild.
3) Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
4) She is the only woman who was appointed to the board.
5) The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush with which I can sweep it.
6) A person who serves in a shop is called a shop assistant.
7) John, who is my friend, has studied English for ten years.
8) There are many exercises that we have to finish before school.
9) The mistakes which you have to correct are very important.
10) We have a few exercises that we have to do.
Bài 3. Rewrite the following sentences:
1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
2. The queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island.
3. Arizona, which was once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapidly gowing industrial and
agricultural.
4. The country now has 300 power stations. All of them are part of a national network.
5. The picture is beautiful. Tom is looking at it.
6. Where can I catch the bus? - It goes downtown.
7. I have a class. It begins at 8 a.m.
8. Mr. Marks, whose farm the stream flows across, is unhappy about the plans for the new dam.
9. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
10. He was the first man who left the burning building.
Bài 4. Rút gọn các mệnh đề quan hệ sau bằng cách sử dụng tính từ ghép
1) I've just bought a house which has five storeys.

2) Have you ever seen a cow which has six legs ?
3) The girl who is ten years old is my sister.
4) Give me the note which costs ten dollars.
5) Vietnamese students have a summer holiday which lasts 3 months .
6) We have two breaks which last 30 minutes.
7) That is a car which has three wheels.
8) The man who has one leg looks at me angrily.
9) The snake which has two heads is not found .
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10) Mikoon is a monster which has 6 heads.
KEY
Bài 1.
1) We had a river to swim in.
2) Here are some accounts for you to check
3) Tom was the last student to be interviewed
4) We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN.
5) My father, a pilot, often goes abroad.
6) I was the only one to realize him.
7) I have some homework to do tonight.
8) Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel.

10) There are six reports to be typed today.
Bài 2.
1) Dalat, best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather.
2) Animals born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those captured in the wild.
3) Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
4) She is the only woman to be appointed to the board.
5) The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush to sweep it with.
6) The person serving in a shop is called a shop assistant
7) John, my friend, has studied English for ten years.
8) There are many exercises for us to finish before school.
9) The mistakes for you to correct are very important.
10) We have a few exercises to do.
Những vấn đề cần lưu ý :
- Nhớ đem giới từ (nếu có ) trước which/whom ra phía sau (câu 5 )
- Chỉ bỏ for sb khi nào có ý chung chung chứ không phải thấy you và we là có thể bỏ được (câu 8,9)
Bài 3.
1. Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page.
2. The queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the island.
3. Arizona, once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapidly growing industrial and agricultural.
4. The country now has 300 power stations, all of which are part of a national network.
5. The picture at which Tom is lookịng is beautiful.
6. Where can I catch the bus going downtown?
7. I have a class beginning at 8 a.m.
8. Mr. Marks, across whose farm the stream flows, is unhappy about the plans for the new dam.
9. The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
10. He was the first man to leave the burning building.
Bài 4.
1) I've just bought a five- storey house .
2) Have you ever seen a six-leg cow?
3) The ten- yea-old girl is my sister.

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4) Give me the ten- dollar note.
5) Vietnamese students have a three- month summer holiday.
6) We have two thirty- minute breaks.
7) That is a three- wheel car.
8) The one-leg man looks at me angrily.
9) The two- head snake is not found .
10) Mikoon is a six-head monster.

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