Một số vấn đề lý luận cơ bản về thích ứng xã hội của các nhóm yếu thế và các chính sách của đảng, nhà nước đối với họ - Lê Minh Thiện

MOT S6 VAN DE LY LUAN CO BAN
V^ THICH QNG XA HOI C U A
CAC NHOM Y^U TH^ VA
CAC CHINH SACH CUA O A N G ,
NHA NUOC DOI VOI HO
Ld Minh ThiSn

Viin Tdm Iv hoc.
T6M TAT

Vice nghit'-ii citu sif thich ipig xd hdi cita cdc nhdm yiu the cdn duac tiin hdnh
tit hai gic di: Iv ludn vd thUc ticn Nghiin cuu ly ludn seldm sdng td nil hdm cda cde
khdi niim co bdn (thich dng \d hdi. thich dng .vd hii cda cdc nhdm yi'u thi), cdc hinh
thirc thich irng -vd hdi cita cdc nhdm yi'u thi (thich itng vi mat nhdn thdc vd thich dn
ve mat hdnh vi). Bdi viei ndy eiing tim hiiu cic chu tritang, chinh sdch cua Ddng vi
Nha nude ddi vdi mil sd nhdm yi'u Ihi'. trudc hit Id cdc quan diim, nguyin tde, each
thdc bdo vi vi chdm sdc cdc nhdm yiu thi.
Ttt khoa: Nhdm yiu thi: ton trpng; binh ddng: bdo vi; chdm sdc; nhdn dqo.
Ngiy nhan bii: 15/4/2012; Ngiy duyit dang bdi: 20/5/2012
I. Mdt sd vftn de ly Iuftn vd thich ung xft hdi ciia cic nhdm ye'u the
1. Mdt sd khdi niem cabdn
1.1. Khdi niim ihich I'nig
Thi'ch dng xufti phit t i lieiig Latinh li Adapto. Trong tift'ng Anh, tift'ng
Ddc thich dng la Adaption. Khi chuydn sang tift'ng Viet adaption dupc hidu la
thich dng bay thich nghi. Trong tift'ng Viet, khii niftm thich nghi vi thieh img
nhieu kbi dupe hieu vi s i dung ddng nhil nhau. Vd ndi hftm, hai khii niftm niy
ddu ehi sir bift'n ddi cia chi thd dd tdn tai trong mdi trudng sd'ng, hoan canh hay
tinh hudng cia cudc sfl'ng.
Chung ta khflng nftn ddng nhil hai khii niftm niy, mac d i ndi hftm cia
ehung cd nhidu dicm gid'ng nhau. 6 day, cin phan biet sir khae biftt gitta bai
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khii niftm thfch nghi vi thfch dng. Khii niftm thfch nghi dupc ding cho tit ca
sinh vftt (trong dd cd con ngudi) vft thiftn vd gdc dd sinh hpc. Khii niftm thieh
dng chi yft'u ding cho con ngudi vft thiftn vd gdc dd xa hdi.
Khii niftm thich dng duoc nhin nhan ttt gdc dd tridt hpc, sinh hpc vft iftm
ly hpc. Ttt gdc dd tridt hpc, thfch dng dupc hidu lft su thay ddi cia bin thftn con
ngudi cho phtt hpp vdi hoftn cinh sd'ng, dd con ngudi tdn tai vft phit tridn. Thi'ch
dng li qui trinh con ngudi nd luc lim chi tu nhiftn, cii tao tu nhiftn, giii quydt
mfli quan hft gitta eon ngudi vdi thft gidi.
Ttt gdc dd sinh hpc, thfch dng li su bift'n ddi ciu tao, chdc nftng cia co
thd, bift'n ddi hinh vi dd con ngudi tdn tai vft phit tridn. Sir thfch dng cia con
ngudi bift'n ddi ttt thft'p dft'n eao.
Ttt gdc dd tam ly hpc, Ihich dng Id su biin ddi tdm ly cda chu thi nhdm
vita qua nhiing khd khdn, Ird ngqi di ldn tqi vd phdl triin trong mdi trudng
sdng. Tam ly hpe xem xdt sir thfch dng cua con ngudi chi ydu ttt gdc dd tam ly
xa hfli.
Ttt khai niftm thieh dng trftn ta tha'y, ein chd y mfll sd didm sau:
- Su bie'n ddi tam ly cia chi thd. Dd Ift su bift'n ddi vd nhftn thdc, thai dp
va hanh vi cia ehi the.
- Thich dng chi xufti biftn khi eon ngudi gap phai mfli trudng, hoftn canh
sfl'ng mdi. Khi mfli Irudng sd'ng dd xuit biftn nhttng trd ngai, khd khan ddi hdi
con ngudi phai vupt qua.
- Khi con ngudi thich dng dupc vdi moi Irudng sfl'ng mdi cd nghia Ift anh
la ton lai va phit tridn trong mdi Irudng dd.
1.2. Khdi niem thich ting xd hpi cda cdc nhdm xdhdi yiu thi
Cdc nhdm xd hdi ye'u the la nhttng nhdm xa hfli d vio vj trf bit lpi vd mpt
hay mpt sd khfa canh nfto dd. Ching ban nhu vd sdc khoe, vd kha nang, vd kinh

tft', ve tie'p cftn thong tin... Ndi each khic, day la nhimg nhdm xa hpi gap khd
khan trong cupc sdng, hp ban che, bit lpi trong cupc sd'ng so vdi cac nhdm xa
hpi khac. Cd the nftu ra mpl sd nhdm xa hpi yft'u the sau: nhdm ngudi eao ludi,
gia yft'u; nhdm ngudi tat nguydn; nhdm ngudi mic bftnh hiem ngheo; nhdm
ngudi ngheo; nhdm tre em; nhdm tre lang thang co nhd; nhdm thuong benh
binh; nhdm nhiftm ehai ddc da cam...
Thich dng xa hpi cua cac nhdm xa hpi yftu the ed de djnh nghia nhu sau:
Thieh dng xd hdi cda cdc nhdm xd hpi ye'u thi Id stf thay doi tdm ly eua cde
nhdm xd hpi ndy nhdm vital qua nhiing khd khdn, su yiu thi cua bdn Ihdn de
hoa nhdp, tdn tqi vd phdt triin trong mdi trudng xd hdi.
1.3. Cdc khdi niem lien quan
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- Khdi hiim ngUdi khuyi't tdt. Theo Cdng udc Qudc td vd quydn cia
ngudi khuydt tit nim 2001 thi ngudi khuydt tit dupc xic djnh nhtt sau:
Ngudi khuyit tdt hao gdm nhCtng ngUdi cd nhiing khii'm khuyit Idu ddi vi
thi chdt, rrl tui, thdn kinh hodc gidc quan md khi tuang tde vdi cdc rdo cdn
khdc nhau cd thi cdn trd su tham gia ddy du vd hiiu qud eua hp trong xd hdi
trin mdt nin tdng cdng bing nhu nhitng ngudi khdc trong xdhdi (P'liu 1, Cdng
udc Qudc tdvd quydn cia ngudi khuydt tit, 2001).
Ngudi khuydt tat cQng dupc nhin nhin ttt cic gdc dO khic:
Dao luat vd ngudi khuydt tit cia Hoa Ky nam 1990 (ADA - Americans
with Disabilities Act of 1990) djnh nghia ngudi khuydt tat li ngudi cd su suy
ydu vd thd chit hay tinh thin giy inh hudng ding kd ddn mdt hay nhidu boat
ddng quan trpng trong cudc sdng. Cung theo ADA, nhttng vf dii cu thd vd
khuydt tat bao gdm: khidm khuydt vd vin ddng, thj giic, ndi vi nghe, chim
phit tridn tinh thin, benh cim xue vft nhttng khidm khuydt cu thd vd hpc tip,

bai nao, dflng kinh, leo co, ung Ihu, bftnh tim, tidu dudng, cic bftnh liy vft
khdng Ifty nhu bftnh lao vft biJnh do HIV (cd triftu chdng hoftc khdng cd tridu
chdng). Cd su thd'ng nhai tuong dd'i vd djnh nghia thft nfto li khuydt tftt cua hai dao
luat nfty.
Theo phftn loai cia Td chdc Y id Thd gidi, cd ba mdc dp vd khuydt tftt 14:
khift'm khuyfti (impairment), khuyfti tftt (disability) vft tftn tftt (handicap). Khii'm
khuyit chi ddn su mit mit hoftc khflng binh thudng cia cau tnic co thd lien
quan dft'n Iftm ly hoac/vft sinh ly. Khiiyei tdt chi de'n su giam thidu chdc nftng
boat dflng, Ift hftu qua cia su khift'm khuyfti. Cdn tdn tdt di cap dft'n tinh thd bit
Ipi hoae thiet thdi cia ngudi mang khift'm khuydt do tic ddng cia mdi trudng
xung tjuanh Iftn tinh trang khuyfti tat cia hp (WHO, 1999). Cdn theo quan didm
cia Tci chdc Qudc lft', ngudi khuyfti tat u-d thinh tdn tdt lft do thiftu CO hfti dd
tham gia cic boat ddng xa bdi vi cd mdt cudc sd'ng gid'ng nhu ihftnh viftn khic
(DPI, 1982).
- Khdi mem tie em
Theo Cdng udc cia Liftn Hiftp qud'e vd quydn tre em thi Tre em la td't cd
nhting ngirdi dudi 16 tudi.
2. Ly Iuftn ve thich umg xa hdi cua cac nhdm xa hpi
Khi ndi vd thieh dng xa hdi cia ciic nhdm xa hdi yft'u thft', cin tap trung
vfto pbftn lich hai khia canh co ban sau: 1) Thfch dng vd mat nhftn thdc; 2)
Thich dng vd mat hinh vi. Dfty la hai mat bidu hiftn cia su thich dng xa hdi cua
cic nhdm xa hdi yft'u thft'. Trftn thuc tft', mdc dd thi'ch dng xa hdi c i a cic nhdm,
ca nhan khdng gifl'ng nhau. Cd nhung ci nhan hay nhdm xa hdi thich dng dupe
ea hai khia canh nfty. Dfty li nbuiig ca nhin hay nhdm xa hiii thfch dng td't.
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TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC, Sd 6 (159), 6-2012


Nhung, cung cd nhttng ci nhin hay nhdm xa h(3i chi thfch dng duoc mdt hoac

hai khfa canh trftn.
2.1. Thich ting vi mat nhdn thdc
Thfch dn'g vd mat nhan thdc cia cic nhdm xa hdi ydu thd thd hiftn qua su
thay ddi vd cich thdc suy nghl, hidu bidt cia cic nhdm xa hdi nfty vd bin thftn,
vd cic vftn dd cia cui5c sd'ng vft cia xa hdi ndi chung.
Thi'ch dng vd nhan thdc, trudc hfti lft su hidu bidt cia cic nhdm vd khi
nang cua ban than minh, ea vd nhttng mat manh, cflng nhu su bit loi, ydu thd
cua hp. Chang han, nhttng ngudi cao tu6i hidu dupc mat manh cua ho Ift kinh
nghiftm sd'ng, su tttng trii trong cudc sd'ng, nhung nhttng ban chd cia ho lft sdc
khoe, Ift su ban ehft vd tift'p cftn eii mdi, han ehft vd su nftng dflng... Ivlbdm
nhttng ngudi tat nguydn hp cin hidu dupc ban ehft eua bin than Ift'su ihiftu hut
mfll hay mdt sd bd phan, chdc nang cua ed thd vft su khd kbftn trong boat ddng
sdng do su khift'm khuydt nfty gfty ra...
Bidu hien thtt hai cia thich dng vd mat nhan thdc cia cic nhdm xa hdi
yft'u thft li su thay ddi tu duy dd gidp hp vuot qua khd khftn dd sd'ng. Ching han,
su thay ddi tu duy lim an, san xuit dd dal dupe hiftu qui kinh lft ifli hon.
Bidu hiftn khac cua thich dng vd mat nhan thdc cua eae nhdm xa hfli yft'u
the li hp thay ddi nhan thttc dd bift'u biftt vd eic vin dd xa hfli tdi hon. tijiftng
ban, hie'u vd eae chi truong chi'nh saeh (nhil Ift eic chi'nh saeh hd trp cic nhdm
xa hpi ydu the'), bift'u bifti vd kinh lft thj Irudng vdi nhttng khd khan, thieh thdc
mft hp thfch dng, hidu bifti vft thay ddi cua cic quan he xa hdi, hidu ve su hdi
nhap eua dal nude.
Thieh dng vd nhan thdc Ift su thieh ttng quan trpng vi nhftn thdc li co sd
dinh hudng cho thai dp vi hanh vi cia con ngudi. Khdng thay ddi vd nhftn thdc
(khdng hidu bidt, khdng thay ddi tu duy...) thi chu thd khflng cd khi nang hoft
nhap vdi cupc sd'ng.
2.2. Thich dng vi mat hdnh vi
Thfch dng vd hanh vi lft thieh dng quan trpng nhil cia con ngudi. Bdi vi,
hanh vi Ift kfti qua cia qua trinh nhan thdc, xdc cam vft thai dp cua con ngudi, li
bieu hiftn cudi cing cia tam ly con ngudi.

Thieh dng vd hanh vi thd hiftn con ngudi vupt qua cac khd khftn, trd ngai
hoa nhftp dupc vdi hoftn canh sd'ng. Ddi vtSi nhiing nhdm xa hfli yft'u thft', hp cin
thay ddi vd bftnh vi dd vupt qua nhttng khd khftn cia bin than, dd ton lai vft phat
Irien trong mdi trudng sd'ng.
Cac nhdm xa hfli ydu thd khae nhau cd nhttng khd khan trd ngai khic
nhau, nen su thfch dng vd bftnh vi cung khdng gid'ng nhau. Su thieh dng hftnh vi

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lft didu kiftn quan trpng hing diu dd cic nhdm x i hdi hoi nhip vio cu^c sdng,
tdn tai vi phit tridn.
n . M0t sd' chfnh sich cua D&ng \k Nhit nudic vd c i c nhdm xa hdi
ydu thd
/. Chtnh sdch ri ngu&i cao tudi
- Hidn phip nftm 1992 quy dinh "... Ngudi gift, ngudi tftn tit, trd md cdi
khdng noi nuong lira dupc Nhi nudc vi xS h^i gidp dd".
- Ngfty 17/7/1992, Chi thj sd 332/CT cia Chu tich H()i ddng BCf tmdng
(nay li Thi tudng Chinh phu) vd viftc l6 chdc ngfty Qudc td Ngudi cao tudi
hing nam nftu rd: "Cttng nhu Ngiy (judc td Thidu nhi, Ngiy Qudc td Phii nO,
Ngfty Qudc td Ngudi cao ludi cin dupc td chdc tdt, cd sti chi dao cii thd cua co
quan Nhft nudc, cic doin thd nhin din dudi su lanh dao cia cic dp i y Dang".
- Dang vft Chfnh phi di nhftn thiy tim quan trpng vft tfnh cip thidt cia
viftc xiy dung td chdc nftn d i cho phdp thinh Iftp Hdi Ngudi cao tudi Viftt Nam,
theo dd ngfty 10/5/1995 da td chdc Dai hdi chinh thdc thftnh Iftp. Hdi ra ddi dip
dng nguydn vpng da cd ttt Iftu cia hftng cbiic triftu ngudi cao tudi, phi hpp vdi
dudng Ifli ddi mdi cia Dang vft xu thd cia thft gidi nftn da dupc ddng dao ngudi
cao ludi hudng dng rdng rai.

Anh 1: Hdi ngttdi cao ludi thdnh phdHd Chi Minh
- Ban BI thu Trung uong Dang da ban hftnh Chi thj 59/Cr-TU' ngfty
27/9/1995 vd "Chftm sdc ngudi cao tudi". Trong chi thj nfty nftu rd "Nhft nudc
cin danh ngftn sich de giii quyfti eae vin dd xa hdi, trong dd, cd vin dd chftm
sdc nhttng ngudi cao tudi cd cdng, ed don khdng noi nuong lira, tan tat, bit
hanh, nhanh chdng xoa bd tinh irang ngudi gift lang thang tren phd, ngd xdm.

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TAP CHITAM Lt HOC, Sd 6 (159), 6 - 2012


Dd nghi Chinh phi bd trp Hdi Ngudi cao tudi Viftt Nam vd kinh phi vft didu
kiftn boat dflng".
Thdng bao sd 305 - TB/TLT ngfty 3/2/2010 vi Thdng bio sd 12 - TB/TU
ngfty 13/6/2001 cia Ban BI thu Trung uong Ding vd kfti qui thue biftn Chi thi
59/CT-TtJ ngiy 27/9/1995 vd "Cham sdc ngudi cao ludi". Trong cic thdng bio
nay. Ban Bi thu khing djnh: Ngudi cao tudi li ndn ting cia gia dinh, lft tfti sin
vfl gii, ngudn luc quan trpng cho su phit tridn xa bdi. Vi thd, chftm sdc vft phit
huy td't vai trd cia ngudi eao tudi li thd hiftn bftn chit tdt dep cia chd dd ta vi li
dao ddc cia ngudi Viftt Nam...
Thi tudng Chfnh phi ra Chi thj 117/CP (1996) vd chftm sdc ngudi cao
tudi vft hfl trp hoat ddng cho Hpi Ngudi cao tudi Viftt Nam. Chi thj khang djnh:
Kinh lao die thp la truydn thdng tdt dep cia nhftn dftn ta. Dang vft Nhft nude la
coi viftc quan tam, chftm sdc ddi sd'ng vftt chfti tinh thftn cia ngudi cao tudi Ift
dao ly cia dan tde, li tinh cam vft trach nhiftm cia toftn Dang, toftn dftn vft cac
cip chfnh quydn.
- Nam 2000, Nhft nudc ban hftnh Phap Iftnb Ngudi cao tudi. Trong dd,
quy djnh ngudi cao ludi dupe gia dinh, Nhi nude vft xa hpi phung duong, chftm

soc (Dieu 2), trong dd nha'n manh vai trd eua gia dinh. Ngfty 26/3/2002, Thi
ludng Chinh phi da ban bftnh Nghj djnh sd 30/2002/ND quy djnh vft budng din
thi hftnh mpt sd didu cia Phap Iftnh Ngudi cao tuoi.
- Ngay 23/11/2009, Qud'c hpi khoa XX, ky hpp thd 6 da thflng qua Luat
Ngudi cao tudi.
- Luat Ngudi cao ludi cd hiftu lue kd ttt thing 7/2010 da quy djnh ve
quydn vft nghia vu cia Ngudi cao tudi, trach nhiftm eua gia dinh, Nhft nudc va
xa hpi trong viftc phung dudng, chftm sdc vft phat buy vai trd Ngudi eao ludi,
dac biet ddi vdi id chdc Hdi Ngudi eao tudi Viet Nam.
- Nghj djnh 6/2011/ND-CP Chfnh phi ngfty 14/01/2011 qui djnb chi liet
vft hudng dftn mdt sd didu eua Luftt Ngudi eao ludi.
Thdng tu 21/201 l/TT-BTC ngfty 18/02/2011 cua Bp Tfti chlnb quy
dinh quan Iy vft s i dung kinh phi chftm sdc sdc khoe ban diu cho ngudi cao
tudi tai noi cu tru, chuc thp, miing thp vi bidu duPng, khen Ihudng ngudi cao
ludi.
Vd phia Nhft nudc, cic cft'p chi'nh quydn ddu thanh lap Ban cflng tie
Ngudi eao tudi de tham muu eho Dang vft Nhft nudc td chdc eae boat dpng
cham lo vft phat huy vai trd Ngudi cao ludi cac cft'p.
Trong cac ehi truong, chinh saeh cua Nha nudc vd ngudi cao ludi thi
Phdp linh Ngudi cao tudi dupe Uy ban Thudng vu Qud'c hdi thdng qua ngay

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28/4/2000 do Chi tich Qudc hdi Ndng Ddc Manh ky li mdt van ban phip quy
quan trpng vd chim sdc vi bio vft ngudi cao tudi 6 nudc ta...
2. Chinh sdch vi ngudi tdn tdt
- Dif thio Luit Ngudi khuyfti tit trinh Iftn Qudc HOi, Co quan chu tri

soan thio BO Lao ddng - Thuong binh vft Xi hOi.
- Chfnh phi Viftt Nam d i thdng qua vft thuc thi nhidu luit, chfnh sich,
quy djnh vi sing kidn liftn quan dft'n ngudi khuydt tit, kd ci quydn tidp cftn viftc
Iftm bdn vihig vi hidu qui, trong dd phii kd ddn nhttng van bin chi ydu sau:
-I- Hidn phip Nudc COng hda Xi hOi Chu nghia Viet Nam dupc Qudc
HOi thdng qua nam 1992 vi sia ddi nam 2001. Viftc bio vft ngudi khuydt tftt
dupc nftu tai Didu 59 vft 67.
+ BO Luftt Lao dOng (naml994). Phin 111 cia BO Luit quy djnh vd viftc
Iftm cho ngudi khuydt tftt tai co quan vft doanh nghiftp. Didu 123 nftu chi tiftu
2% dft'n 3% life lupng lao dOng trong doanh nghiftp phii li ngudi khuyfti tftt.
+ Phip Iftnh Ngudi Khuyfti tftt (1998). Didu 9 nghiftm cSm mpi hftnh vi
pbftn biet ddi x i hoac ngupc dii ngudi khuydt tftt.
+ Ban Didu phd'i Qud'c gia vd vin dd Ngudi khuydt tat (2001).
•I- Luat Dfto tao Nghd (nftm 2006).
+ BO Quy chuin vft Tieu chuin vd tift'p cftn ddi vdi ngudi khuyfti tftt
(2002), dua ra nhttng tiftu chuin liftp can cftp quftic gia.
+ Dd an Trp giup Ngudi Khuyfti tat cia CTii'nh phi giai doan 2006 2010. Dupc phft duyet thing 10 nam 2006. Dd in dua ra phuong phip tidp can
toin dien ddi vdi vin dd ngudi khuydt tat vdi viftc md rOng ddi tuong tham gia
dd an vft cd sir tham gia cia nhidu bO nginh liftn quan.
Mdt trong nhttng chfnh sich quan trpng cia Dang vi Nhi nude ddi vdi
ngudi tin tat Ift Phip Iftnh vd ngudi tin lit duoc Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi
thdng qua ngiy 30/7/1998...
3. Chinh sdch vi tre em
- Ngiy 13 thing 4 nam 2007, Chfnh phi da ban hinh nghi djnh sd
67/2007/ND-CP quy djnh vd ehft dp trp giup cic ddi lupng bao trp xa hpi. Theo
dd hiu hfti tre em md cdi, tre em bj bd roi, tre em tin tat nang, tre em bi
HIV/AIDS... ddu dupc hudng trp cip vdi mdc tdi thidu li 120 nghin ddng vft
cao nhfti li 360 nghin ddng.
- Chinh sich trp giup giio due vftin dd hpc tap cia tre em dac biftt khd
khan da dupe dd cftp ddn trong Luftt Phd cftp gifto due lieu hpc (1991).

TAP CHITAM Lt HOC, Sd 6 (159), 6 - 2012


- Thi tudng Chfnh Phi da cd Quydt dinh sd 62/2005/QD-Trg cia Thu
ludng Chi'nh phi ngiy 24 thing 3 nftm 2005 vd chi'nh sich hd trp thuc hiftn phd
cip giio due trung hpc co sd.
Trong 7 nftm qua (2001 - 2007), bft thdng giio due trd em khuyftt tat
da dupc hinh thftnh, ddn nay 63 linh, thftnh phd trong ci nudc da binh thftnh
ban chi dao giio due trd em khuyfti tat ttt cftp tinh ddn cftp huyftn.
- Chinh sich vd y lft', chinh hinh phuc hdi chttc nang dd cham sdc sdc
khod cho nhttng ngudi nghdo, tre em ed hoin canh dac biftt.

Anh 2: Gidp dd tre em nghio di cdcudc sd'ng tdt han
Nguin: Anh internet thing 412012
- Nam 2002, Thi ludng Chinh phi lai ban hinh Quydt djnh sd 139/
2002/QD-Trg vd viftc kham, chtta benh cho ngudi ngheo.
- Chinh phi cung cd Nghj dinh sd 63/2005/ND-CP cia Chi'nb phi ban
lianh kem theo dieu le Bao hidm y lft, trong dd, xac djnh Ire em ngheo, tre em
hoftn canh dac biftl dupc budng trp cftp xa hdi hang thing, dupc cft'p the BHYT
vdi mftnh gia nhu ddi tuong bat bupe tham gia BHYT; quydn lpi khim chtta
benh dupc md rpng, nhai Ift Ire em bj nhiftm HIV/AIDS.
- Chinh saeh miftn phi kham chtta bftnh eho toftn bp tie em dudi 6 ludi.
- Chinh sich bd tro hoe nghd, lao viec Iftm, Bd Tfti chi'nh vi Uy ban
BVCS TE (trudc day) da cd thdng tu sd 69/TTLB liftn tjch ngfty 04/10/199'/
"Hudng dftn npi dung vft djnh mdc chi cua chuong trinh chftm sdc va bao vft tre

TAP CHf TAM I t HOC Sn fin 591 6 - 9 0 1 7

89

- Giio due hda nhap tim nhin tdi nftm 2015. Chfnh phi dftt mtic tidu
thuc biftn giio due hda nhip cho tit ci trd em khuydt tit vfto nftm 2015...
Trong cic chfnh sich cia Ding vft Nhft nudc vd cham sdc vi bio vft trd
em, thi Ludt Bdo vi, chdm sdc vd gido due tre em Ift mdt van ban quan U-png.
Luftt dut?c Qud'c hdi nudc COng hda XS hdi chi nghia Viftt Nam thdng qua, sd
25/i2004/QHl I ngfty 15 thing 6 nam 2004.
Luftt nfty can cd vfto Hidn phip nudc COng hoi xi hdi chi nghia Viet
Nam nam 1992 da dupc sia ddi, bd sung theo Nghi quydt sO 51/2001/QHlb
ngiy 25 thing 12 nam 2001 cia Qu6c hOi khoi X, ky hpp thd 10.
Nhin xdt chung:
- Nhd nudc ta dd ky cdc cdng udc qud'c tiddi vdi cdc nhdm xa hdi yiu
Ihivd hiin tlufc hod cdc cdng Udc ndy trong hodn cdnh Ihitc tiin d Viit Nam.
- Trong nhiing ndm qua Ddng vd Nhd nudc la dd ban hdnh nhiiu chd
iritang, chinh sdch ddi vdi cdc nhdm xd hdi yi'u thi', ddc biit Id ddi vdi ngudi
cao tuin, ngitdi khuyet tdt, Ire em (nhd't Id tre em nghio, lang thang, tdt nguyin,
md cdi...). Cd thi neu mdt sd diim quan trpng trong cdc chinh sdch cda Ddng
vd Nhd nttdc dd ban hdnh ddi vdi cdc nhdm xd hdi yiu the a nudc ta:
+ Khdng dinh viic chdm sdc vd phdt huy vai trd ctia cdc nhdm xd hdi
yi'u llietd Irdch nhiim cda gia dinh, Nhd nttdc vd lodn xa hdi. Id dqo ly tdt dep
cua ddn Idc ta cd lit nhiiu the he.
-V Cdn phdi chdm sdc site khoe, vdt chdt vd tinh thdn cho nhitng ngudi
thudc cdc nhdm yen thi.
+ Chdm sdc, tqo diiu kien vd cho ngudi yen the tham gia cdc hoqt ddng
van hod, gido due, thi due, thi thao...
+ Bdo tra thu nhdp cho nhiing ngitdi thudc cdc nhdm ye'u thi.
+ Phdt buy vai trd cua nhiing nguifi yi-u thi trong gia dinh, cdng ddng
vd xdhdi...
Tai lieu Iham khao

1. Bui Thft Cudng. Trong mien an sinh .xd htii- Nghiin cim vi tudi gid Viit Nam, NXB
Dai hoc Qufl'c gia. Ha Nfli.
2. Dam Httu Die, Ca sd ly ludn .vay dinig, phdl trii'n hi thing chinh sdch phiic lai xd
hpi vd dich vu xd hpi vdi ngudi cao tudi a \ let Nam trong dii'u kiin phdl trien kinh ti
tin trudng vi hii nhip qud'c ti, Lao dflng xa hfli, 2008.

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TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC, Sd 6 (159), 6 - 2012


3. Dam Httu Die, Thuc trqng, phuang hudng gidi phip xdy difng vd hoin thiin hi
Ihdng chinh sdch bdo hiim xd hii, hicu trt vd bdo him y tiddi vdi ngudi cao ludi, Lao
dftng xa hai, 2008.
4. Tmdng Dai hpc Lao dflng xa hfli, Di tii "Ca sd ly ludn xdy difng, phdl triin hi
thing chinh sdch phiic lai xd hdi vd dich vu xd hii ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi d Viit Nam
trong dii'u kiin phdt trien kinh tithi trudng vi hii nhip qudc ti". H i Nfli, 2008.
5. Trucmg Dai hpc Lao dflng xa h(5i, Di tii 'Thuc rrqng, phuang hudng, gidi phdp xiy
dirng va hoin thien hi thdng chinh sich bdo hiim xd hdi huu Irl vi bdo hiim y tedii
vdi ngirdi eao tudi". Ha Nfli, 2008.
6. htlp:/M.wikipedia.on!Aviki/NE/C6/B0/El/BIWDi khuv/EI/BA/BFt irEI/BA/Adt-cite nole-2
7.hitp:/M.wikipedia.oiWwiki/Ne/C6/B0/El/BEBDi khuv/El/BA/BR l/El/BA/ADl-cile nole-3.
8.him:/M.wikiDedia.org/wiki/Ni>/C6/B0/EI/Ba9Di kliuv/EI/BA/BFl l/El/BA/ADl-cile nole4.

TAPCHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 6 (159), 6 - 2012

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