Thái độ của thanh niên đối với đường lối, mục tiêu xây dựng đất nước trần anh châu

THANH NIEN DOI VOI
DUONG LOI, MUC TIEU
XAY DUNG DAT NUOC

THAI D O C U A

Tran Anh Chau
1/(71 Tdm Ix luH .

i()\ri,\i
Thdi do (iui thanh nien ddi vifi difimg liii. muc tieu .xdy difng dal nude dif(/c
xem \ri ihoii\: qua nwt sd bn'-ii hien s(Ui. nui( do quan tdm vd ddnh gid ciia ihanh nien
doi v('i ede van dc kmh le'. chinh In. \d hoi. ddnh gid cita ho ve nhum; muc lieu cdn
\fn tien n c/ic phdt tnen ddt nuifc. Nghien cifu < Im iluiy. thanh niim hien nay .sdng thtfc
te. quan tdm vd de aw nhifng gid tri ttrmg cimc .sdng thifc tun. nang cao chd't lu(in\;
sdng. Nhifng mong muon cua ihanh men hen quan den mm lieu phdt trien ddt nifiu
khd phii lurp vifi muc tieu md Ddng vd Nhd nudi dd u'u dmh
I ir kho;i, Thanh men. thdi dd < iia iluinh men din vdi phdt tnen ddi mfdc.
Ngdynhqnbdi.

2/7/2012: Ngiiy duyct ddng bdi. 25A7/2012.

Moi dan tde. qudc gia mudn tdn tai deu phai quan tam den viec dao tao.
giao due the he tre; hp ia titctng lai phat tiR-n cua dan Idc. qudc gia. Lich sOr
each mang da chiing minh Dang vii Nha nude \'iet Nam ludn 6.^ biel coi trpng
cdng liic thanh men, xiic dinh vi tri, \ai trd quan trong ciia thanh nien trong su
nghiep each mang ciia Dang \a dan tot Doi \ui the he tre: \icc tiep thu. ren
luycMi ly tuifng sdng la mdt \an de cd y nghia qu\et dinh ddi vdi viec ho cd
ganh \ae dinjc \ai trd cua minh 6o\ vdi dat nudc hay khdng, cd tiep ndi dupc
truyen thdng \a phat liiiy thiinh qua eiia c.ic the he di trudc hay khdng. Trong
66. thai do cua thanh men d(>i vdi cac v.in de chinh tri. ddi \di dudng Idi. muc

lieu xay dung diii nude la moi yen tdquan trong.
Trong nghien cuu niiy. ihai dd ciia thanh men ddi vdi dudng Idi. muc
lieu \ay dung dal lurdc duoc \cm \ci thdng qua mdt so hieu hien sau d.i\
- MLK do quan lam eiia thanh nien ddi vdi cac van de kinh te. chinh tri,
xu hoi cua dal nude;
- Diinh gia cua thanh nien ve eae muc tieu can uu tien trong phat tnen
6r\{ nude vii nhiing mo hinh xa hdi ma thanh men ua thfch (thdng qua dd cd th£
80

TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 8 (161), 8 - 2012


gian tie'p thd'y duge thdi dd cua Ihanh nidn ddi vdi dinh hudng phdi Irien ddt
nirdc ma Dang vd Nhd nudc da xdc dinh);
- Ddnh gia ciia Ihanh men v^ Ihirc Irang cdc vd'n dd kinh Id, chi'nh tri, xa
hoi d nudc la hien nay.
Nghien ciiu duoc Ihuc hien vdi mdu khao sat gdm 900 Ihanh nidn d mdt
sd linh, thanh (Ha Ndi, Ihanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Ticn Giang, Thai Nguyen).
Phirong phdp nghien cilu chii yen la phie'u trung cau y kidn vd phdng vd'n sdu
moi sd Irudng hop. die dir lieu Ihu duoc lir khdo sal Ihuc liSn duoc xir ly bdng
chuong trinh SPSS ddnh cho khoa hoc xd hdi Khiio sat duoc Ihuc hien ndm
2011.
I. Mirc dp quan tnm cua cim Ihanh nien ddi vdi cac vdn de kinh te,
chinh tri, \ii hdi ciia dat nudc
Bdng I: Mdt dp quan tdm i ua thanh men ddi vifi cde vd'n di: kmh te,
chinh tri, .vd hdi ciia tldt nur'fc
Cac \aii de kinh Ic.
chinh tr|, \a hdi ciia dal iiirdc

1

Phirong an lua chun (%)
2
4
5
3

DIB

1. Hoat dong cua cac lanh dao Dang \a
Nha nudc Viet Nam

5,7

32,6

26,8

20,7

14.2

3.05

2 Hoat dOng cua lanh dao nha nudc cac
iiadc tren ihe' gidi

9.3

38.9

25.4

19.7

6.6

2.75

3. Hoal dong va hieu qua hoiil dong ciia
chinh quyen cac ca'p (tinh. ihanh phd.
quSn. huyen, co so)

9.1

32,5

32.7

17.3

8,4

2.83

7.5

29.1

31.8

21,2

10.4

2.98

5 Sa quan tiim cua cac cap chinh quyen
den nhifng ngirdi co hoan ciinh kho khan

2.6

17.6

27.3

33.0

19.5

3.49

6. Ciic hoat dong the hicn vi the ciia Vicl
Nam tren truong quoc le

4,6

21.4

29.0

29.8

15.2

3,30

i. Quan he giua cac dan toe khiic nhau a
Viei Nam

7..1

28.4

35.6

19.6

8.9

2,90

8. Chinh saeh ciia Nha nudc doi vol Ciic
dan toe khac nhau a Viet Nam

9.8

31.4

33.6

16.5

8.8

2.83

9. Hoat dong ciia c;tc 16 chifc x.f hoi nhu
hoi nghe nghiep, hoi phu nO, hoi citu
chie'n binh.

14.1

35.0

28.8

13.4

S.6

2.67

10, Va'n de ton giiio ij nudc la vii ,\ung doi

11.3

25.1

26.4

23.7

13.6

3.03

4. Dmh hudng phat Irien noi chung ciiu
nudc ta va muc lieu phai tnen irong lirng
giai doan

TAPCHI'TAM Lf HOC, Sd 8 (161), 8 - 2012


11. va'n 66 thuc hien cOng bang x.^ h6i

3,1

16,9

29,8

30,1

20,1

3,47

12. Hoal dOng cua cdc iri chiJc xil hOi vl sir
hA irrt x5 hoi cho nhflng nh6m ngufri c6

hoiln canh c.in iro >;iup

3,4

20,9

30,2

27,8

16.6

3.35

1 ^ Va'n di giiio due tlifi hfi ire

3,7

9,4

24,5

34,9

27,5

3,73

14 OSc hoat dOng xa hfii ciia thanh niSn vli
tik: i6 chiic ilianh niCn

3,0

20,0

31,5

29,5

16,0

3,35

l.'i. Sinh hoat doan cua thanh niCn

7,2

22,8

29,4

25,2

15,4

-3,19

16. Vici ihik thi phiip luat irong cuOc sdng
va f:i,u i]u\i:{ t a i vA'n d^ xa h6'\

4,0

19,6

30,2

30,7

15,5

3,34

17. Tmh hinh biiiu tinh. khiC'u kiCn viroi cdp
ciia ngirdi dan va viec giai quyCi cac kifi'n
nghi cLia ho

16.9

30.4

26,8

18.(1

7.9

2,70

18. Di6n bie'n tu iinUi)!, chi'nh tri ciia ihanh
ihiCu nien

10,4

27,2

33,1

19.9

9,5

2,91

19. L6i sO'ng cua thanh men \\\ nliirnjz iC' nan
trong ihanh niCn

2.")

10

19

40,1

28

3,80

20. Nhutig van d^ nghe thuat, ca nhac. giai
tri. the ihao

1.3

10,8

20

29,8

3.8.1

3,93

21. Van d^ phdi tnen khoa hoc - ky thuat c6ng nghe

3.3

12.2

28.6

-32.7

23.2

3,60

22 Viec lam cua ngudi dan noi chung \ a
Ihanh men n6i n e n g
2^. Va'n de m6i irirdng, phat t n c n ben vimg

(I Viet Nam va/hoac tren loan ihC jzuii
24 Tinh hinh tham n h u n g . cac te nan \ a hOi
Vd c i c hoat d6ng phong ch6ng nhung tc nan
na\
25 Nan dc ihirc hicn dan cliii irong cui^c
song \i"i hoi. inoi ngirdi iir do iliO hien tiuan
dicin ci'i.i nuiih iioaf; khiion kho ph.ip luat

4.6

18.6

30,3

30,9

15.5

3„34

3.2

19.7

29.3

29.9

18

3,40

3.6

14.6

25..5

30.7

25.6

.3,60

8.5

22.4

34.6

22.7

1 1 8 3,07

26 \'.i n i!c \ te, MVC khoc, an loiin ihirc
ph.mi

1.0

13.S

24.1

35.3

25.8

.3,71

27 \'.iii dc giir ,.;in \.i pli.ii m e n \.in hoa

3.0

13.1

31.9

32.5

19.5

3,52

2.S \ a i i d c b . m c u i . i L cap

9.8

27.2

.10.1

19.9

13.0

2,99

29 V.m lie ail miili qunc plidiig

J.7

13.4

26.5

26.1

30.3

3,66

(du (hii cd{ phiuriig dn lid h'n nhu .san L Khdn g bao giif. 2 Thinh ihodng: 3. Binh
ihuoiig, -I Khd ihudng xuven, .'> Rdi ihudng \iiy ('ll DTB cdng cao the hien mifc dd
i/Uiin Idm I ling < ao

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. S O 8 (161). 8 - 2012


Thdng ke cdc y kicii ciia Ihanh nien, cd Ihe thii'y rdng, thd he Ire hien
nay quan tdm nhi^u dc-n cac van d^ hen quan de'n vice Ihod man nhOng nhu cdu

diic trung cita lira ludi thanh nien, ileii eude sdng eiia cd nhdn hp hoac cudc
sdng xa hdi, ,su dn dinh ciia ddi nuiic ndi chung. Nhirng vii'n de ma Ihanh nien
quan tdm nhieu Id nhu'ng viin de nhu: Nhttng \'iin de nghe Ihudl, ea nbiic, gidi
Iri, the thao; Lot sdng ciia Ihanh men \'ii nhttng le nan Irong Ihanh men; Van dd
y le. Stic khoe, an lodn Ihiic phdm; Van de gido due the he tic; Vdn de an ninh
qudc phdng; Tinh hinh tham nhung, cdc te niin xa hdi va cac hoal ddng phdng
chd'ng nhirng le nan ndy; Vd'n dc phdi tncn khoa hoc - ky thuat - cdng nghe;
Van de gitt gin \'a phdt incii \an hod; Su quan tdm ciia ede cap chfnh quyen den
nhung ngudi ed hoan canh kho khdn (DTB Ihe hicn su quan Idm ciia Ihanh nien
ddi \'di cac \aii de n,i\ d.io ddng Itr 3.rid den hon .3.90). Nhung van dc md thanh
men quan tdm d mi'rc trung binh Id: V.m d^ mdi Irudng. phai iricn ben vung d
Viei Nam vii/lrode tren loan the gidr. t a c boat ddng xd hdi cua thanh nien va
cac Id chue Ihanh nien; Hoal dOng cu.i ciic td ehire xii hdi vi su hd tro xa hdi
cho nhttng nhdm ngudi cd hodn canh cdn tro giup, Vice thuc Ihi phdp ludi trong
cudc song Nil giai qus'ci cac \iin do xa hdi; Vice lam eiia ngudi dan ndi chung
\a Ihanh men ndi i icng; Cac hoiU ddng the hien vi Ihc cda Viei Nam tren trudng
qudc Ic; Sinh boat doan cua Ihanh nien (DTB dao ddng Itt .3,20 de'n 3,40).
Nhfmg khac biel Irong mttc dd quan Uim eiia Ihanh nien de'n cac van de
xa hdi, chinh tri cho thdy. thanh men hicn nay sdng thuc te hon. ho quan tam vd
dt cao nhung gi cd gia in trong cudc sdng thuc iii^n. ndng cao cbdi lupng sdng
eua hp ndi rieng \a ngudi dan ndi chung Cd Ihe thdy, day la mdt diSm khae
cua thanh nien ngay nay trong so sdnh vdi thanh men Viet Nam trong nhung
nam khang ebien chd'ng Phdp vd M> Tuy nhien, su khdc biel nay khdng thtS
hien mdu thudn ve gid In sdng cua hai the he, md thue chiii chung do su khae
biet trong bdi canh sdng ehi phdi. Trong chie'n tranh, nhttng gia tri tinh thdn cao
ca nhu tu do. ddc lap. chii quyen cua Td qudc dang bi de doa, do dd chung duoc
ngudi dan. trong dd ed thanh nien y thirc id riing hon ve y nghia ciia chung ddi
vdt su sdng edn eiia ddn Idc \'a nhd dd nhung gia Iri nay cd sue Ihuc ddy hp
Irong mpi hdnh ddng. Cdn ngdy na>. khi ma boa binh da dupe hip lai Ihi van de
cuoc sdng hang ngay lai ndi len hdng dau, Dii Ihe nao di mia thi Ihiie trang nay

cung gpi y rang, dinh hudng phat Irii-n cua d.ii nuiic ndi chung \a phuang Ihue
quan ly xd hdi ndi rieng sc Ihu hut duoc su iing hd cua thanh nien hien nay khi
ma su phdt trie'n Iheo djnh hudng dd dem l.ii eho hp \a ngudi ddn eude sdng cd
chat lupng ngay cdng cao, phuong Ihttc quan ly \.l hdi dd dem lai su dn dinh xa
hoi. dem lai mdi trudng sdng Ihanh binh cho tiii ea mot ngudi
2. Danh gia cua th,inh nien ve nhiing muc tieu can uu lien trong qua
trinh phat trien diit nudc va nhttng mo hinh xd hoi ma ho mong mudn

TAPCHI'TAM LY HOC. Sd8 (161). 8-2012

83


DC- cd Ihi' thuc hien tdi muc lien phdt trien chung, can xac dinh nhOng
muc tieu cu Ihe. Hang sd hen dudi ddy cho bid'l nhiing muc lieu cu Ihc ma thanh
ni6n diinh giii ciui. nham phdi Iriii'n diil nudc Irong 10 nilm tdi.
Bdng 2; Thanh nien nhin nhdn i v cde muc lieu phdt Irien
ciia tidl nur'ic trong 10 ndm It'll
Mile lieu
i|iiiin I n i n K 1

M u c (icu
quan I r u n f l 2

.Muc tleu
q u a n iriing 3

1 MiK ilii laiig Irudng kmh ic cao

18.6

14,9

7.8

2. Dam b.io din nudc c6 luc liioiig vu
Irang maiili

n.4

10,8

9,8

1 Ngudi diln co \'ai l i u hon Irong quyei
dinh Ciic vilh dc x.i hoi. dai iimic

8,7

15,8

9,8

4 X.i hPl .ill loan vC an miili li.^l tu. nini
iigifiii duoc song uong lio.i binh

22,5

17,5

12,8

5 X.i hoi giitm Ihifi'u ciic tc nan x2 h6l

3,8

10,4

10,0

6 Dam biio quy^n l u do ngOn luftn, mpi
ngudi tu do Ihe hien chinh kicn cda
minh Irong khuPn khd phiip luiil

2,9

8,2

14,2

7. Moi iiucmg Ihien nhien duoc bao ve

3.2

9,5

18.5

8. X.i h6i cd khoiing ciich gi.'iii ngheo i l ,
phiic lai x.i h6i Idt cho mi i .i moi ngudi

4.9

13,0

17.3

Tinh hudng \cu cdu hi nhttng ngudi iham gia khao v.ii khdng duoc lira
chon liii cd cue mue lieu md chi choii ba muc lieu quan irong nbiii Irong cdu hdi
n,i\ die so lieu Ihu diroc cho thax. iheo nhin nhdn ciia thanh men. muc tieu
cdn uu lien hang d.iii irong su phdt Irien thu ninic trong 10 ndm tdi Id uu lien
Idng liirdng kinh le. Tiep den Id gni vimg an ninh, irdl lu dc' ngudi ddn duoc
sdng trong ho,i binh Dung thtt ba hi cdn \,i\ dirng dime luc luong \ii trang
manh nham bao \'e d.ii tunic Ticp diJn hi muc lieu lic-n quan de'n che dp ddn ehii
vdi noi dnng lam sao dC ngudi ilan co vai Ird hon Irong i.|U\et dinh cac van dc
eua xa luii. il.it ninic. d noi lam vice; muc lieu brio \'e mdi trudng thien nhien,
giam bin kho.ing each giau - ngheo x.i ndng cao phiic loi xd hdi. Co the thdy.
mot mat, Ihuc trang ninh do |ihdt IriC-n diii nude da tde ddng den nhin nhdn ciia
tli.iiih men xi- mirc do iru iicii ciia cic muc lieu phdt Irien diii nudc. Vdi trinh dp
phdt tncn cdn thap so \di nhieu nucie Iicii the gidi xa khu xuc. ddi song phdn
Idn ddn eu cdn khd khan ihi tie hieu i.mg mile tieu phdl iiic'ii kinh te ludn duoc
tru ticn hiing ihin Ngo.ii nine Iicii kmh te thi nhung mue tieu dam bdo mdt xii

S4

TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC. Sd X (161). S - 2012


hoi lanh manh, i3n dinh, dam bao cho mdi cd nhdn mdt cudc sdng yen binh va
nhdn vdn Id nhung muc tiCu dude uu tidn. Nhu vdy, mdt idn nua cd the thJy

rdng, nhung vd'n d^ md thanh nien mong mudn vd dc cao Id nhung vd'n dc liSn
quan miit thict den cudc sdng hdng ngdy.

Bdng 3: Md hinh vd htii md thanh nien ua ihich sd'ng
Quail l> \ii hoi

DTB: 3,65

A. Mot \d h(>i trong do im ldii\; cdc i/uy die B. M()t \d h('ii trong dd lang ci((yng (dc (/uy
qudn Iv u; hoi nham thiic ild'x pluii ii liii cdc (he qudu ly .\d Iwi nham guim thieu te nan xd
hoal tlong dieh vu kinli Ic - \d Iwi. cho du
IWI, cho du dicn di'i cd the lain guim nhip do
dieu do CO the Idm cho cdc le nan .xd hdi phdl nien cdc loai dich vu kinh te - xdhgi d
nhieu h(fn d mifc dd iid(> dd
mile nao d(>.
1. Gdn cau .\
hon- 7,7%

2.GfinhcmviTi
3 Kh6ng the noi
cau A phan nao:
la cau nao:
8,8^^
1
24,6%

4 Gdn hoti V(5ii
cau B phdn nao:
28.4%.

DTB: 3.41

Phiic Icri xa hoi

A Mot xd hoi c6 phiic loi .\d hdi rdug idi.
nhung ihiiecao1 G^n cau A
hem, 15,6%

2 Gcin hon voi
cau .\ phan nao'
11.7%

5 can cau B
hon' 30.5%

B Mdf .w Iwi vdi tluieihdp vd cdc id nhdn
phdi c(i Irdch nhiem vdi minh.

3. Khong the noi
la cau niio
18.3%

4 can hem \6i cau
Bphan nao- 25,4'^t

Phap luat va triich nhiem ca nhan

5. can can I
hon. 29,1%

DTB: 2,08

A Mot.xd Iwi dam lido difcfc an luuli vd on ' I B Mdi UIIWKC'I il (/uy clievd moi ngifdi phdi
(/(//; lrd(h nhu'in v(9i chinh
dmh ihdng qua (dc t/uy che. phdp lual
lidnli dong ciia minh
phu hop
1. G^n cau A
hon: 51,3%

2, Gfin hon vdi
cau A phan nao'
17.8%

3 Khong the noi
la cAu niio:
12,5%

TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, So 8 (161), 8 - 2012

4. Gan han vdi
cau B phan niio'
8.5%

5. Grin cau I
hem: 9.9%

85

Ddn chu Irone thi hicn i|uan dl^m cd nhan

D'lB: 2,88

.1 Mill xu Inn li'iiig tjiiveii lir da et'i nhdn tiong li Mtil x,l hfli duilc qudn ly, gidm sal chat chi
lilt' hien eijf eliiiih kii'fn. tpiutl dii'in nia minh. iihdlig mdn thudn cllhih tri nham duy it t tin
iluib xd lidi.

I. OSn cau ,\
hirii

2S.4'.',

2. GSn hcfn vOi
cflu A ph^n tl.io:
14,4',

3. Kh«nglhendl
Id cau niio:
18,8"!

4. Cdn hon vdi cdu
B phdn nio: 17,5%

5. Gin cdu B
hon: 20.9';i

KInhU'tunhdn

A I'dng l\ lioiig kiiih u'tUnhdn liong nen

kmh Ic (iui ddi lilfdc
1. Gan cau A
hOTi: ^4.9';

2. c a n hon v(Vi
cflu \ phSn niic
21,2%-

B Idng sdhint ciia Nhd mfdc trong nen kinh
l^'cua ddi nudc

3.KhOnglhi*m')i
la can n^o:
26.9%

4 GSn Hon vtM cflu
B phdn nao: 10,7%

DTB: 2,81 |

Kinh I f Ihi t n i t / n g

.\ Ddy manh va iriel dc hem viec phdl ti u
kinh lethi irudng.
1. Gan cSu .A
htm: 26.1%

2- Gin hem \6i
can A phan nao:
19.3%

5 GSncauB
Hon: 6,3%

B Nhd nudc qudn ly va dieu liet chat che hern
qud trinh phdl tnen kinh te dia ddt nudc.

3 Khonp Ihc n6i
la cau nao:

4 (Mil hon VOI cau
Bphan nao: 16.19(-

5 can cau E
hon; 1H.4'^(

Thong kc cho ihay. thanh niC'ii hicn nay mong muon moi m6 hinh xa
hoi, uong do lang cuong cac qny che quan ly \ii hoi nhiim dam bao dircfc an
ninh va on dinh (6'),!'"i). gjam ihicii ic nan \a h(>i, cho du dieu do co the lam
giam nhip do phai tncn cac loai dich vu kinh ic - \a hoi a muc nao do (.'^8.9'^(:
so thanh niC'n Irong niiUi khao s.ii lua chon mo hinh tiay. nhieu gap 3,6 lan so
VOI I6,^''( long so thanh men chon phucmg an nghicng ve \icc n6i long cac quy
che quan ly xa hoi nhfrni thuc 6:\\ phai \v\6\\ cac hoal dong dich vu kinh 16'- xa
hoi), mot xa hoi irong 6d IKMI kuih ic thi iiuong duoc tang cudng va phat tnen
triCM lie h(Tn. song co su quan ly, dicu iicl cua Nha nu6c (DTB = 2.81) ciJng v6i
vice tang ly Uong thanh phan kinh le tu nhan (-"16.1 % so thanh nien Uu tien chon
ph.ii trien kinh le lu nhan. nhicu gap 3.3 lan so voi 17% so ngudi ting ho \iec
lang s('r htlti ciia Nha nudc Irong kinh tc). mot xa hoi trong do m6i ngudi ducfc
hirdng thu theo muc dong gop cho \a hoi (,54.5*> so thanh nien lua chon mo
86

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. Sd 8 (161). 8 - 2012


hinh xa bdi cd mile thud thd'p va mdi cd nhdn phdi tu chiu trdeh nhiSm vdi chfnh
cudc sdng cua ban thdn so vdi 27,3% .sd ngudi lira chon md hinh xa hdi cd he
thdng phiic Igi xa hdi rdng rai, nhung thud cao, DTB = 3,41), lir do ca nhdn
duoc thue hien trong pham vi dam bao su dn dinh ciia xa hdi (DTB = 2,88).
So sanh vdi mdt nghien ciiu khdc, chung Idi thdy cd ket qua tuong tu.
Theo Bdo edo nghien ciru ve edm nhdn cua nguiii ddn Viet Nam ve vai
tro ciia nhd iiiu'ic vd thi Iruilng dViel Nam (CAMS 2011). cd den S7% ngudi
trong long sd hnn 1.000 ngucfi tham gut trd Idi cho rdng, md hinh kinh lethi
trudng uu viet hon bat ky md hinh kinh le'ndo khdc Dieu ndv. theo nhdn dinh
ciui nhdm nghien cini. Id the hien "strung ho mriiih mi: ddi vdi md hiiih kinh te
tin trudng". Dicu ddng ngac nhien Id da sd ngudi Viet Nam cho rdng, Nhd
nunc nen can thiep vdo thi Iruirng. 6,S"7c .so ngudi trd liii cudc dieu tra ndy cho
rdng. Nhd nudc nen can thiep vdo tin trudng dc'binh dn gid ciia nhiing hdng
hoa Ihiei veil neu thu bt'/i cdc hd gia dinh. Ty le cho rdng, gid cd nen dune
quyei dmh bell thi tritnng chi dat hpn 114 sd nguiii trd Idi.
Theo nhdm nghien cini CAMS 2011, cd the Id do phdn Inn hang hda
Ihiei ye'u chii yen vdn do cde doanh nghiep nhd nunc kinh doanh dpc quyen,
thdng ITnh thi Irircmg nen ngudi ddn lo nggi ve he qud xd'u, ne'u Nhd nudc
khdng cd sir kiem sodt lot Trong bdi cdiih kinh te khd khdn, tinh trang lam
phdt, gid cd tdng cao tren nhieu linh vuc nhirng ndm gdn ddy, nen ky vpng ciia
nguin Viet Nam ve vai trd cua Nhd nunc trong can thiep vd binh dn gid cd
Idng len. Cung cd the Id do nhdn thdc vd hieu biii ve kinh le thi trudng, su
van hdnh cita thi trudng vd tde dung eiia nd trong gidi quyei ecu vd'n de phdt
trien kinh te cua tdt cd cdc ben cd lien quan cdn han che: sir do du trong lua
chon giita thi trudng vd Nhd nunc, irong no luc chuyen ddi sang kinh lethi
Irudng vdn cdn vdi muc dp khdc nhan trong mdi nguin Viet Nam...(2).

Cd the: tha'y, md hinh xa hdi ma thanh nien mong mudn cd linh hai hoa
ndi trdi. Ve co ban, nhirng mong mudn cua thanh men (nhiing muc lieu can \m
tien trong phat Irien dat nudc vd md hinh xa hdi ma thanh men mong mudn
song) phu hop vdi muc lieu phat Irie'n dat nude ma Dang Cdng san Viei Nam da
xac dinh Id "ddn giau, nudc manh, xa hoi dan chu, cong bang, vdn mmh". TCr
day cd the khdng dinh rdng, phdn Idn Ihanh nien hien nay nhal tri vdi dinh
huiSng phat tnen dat nudc ma Ddng va Nhd nudc da xac dinh.
3. Danh gia cua thanh nien vc viec thuc hien cac van di chinh tri,
kinh te, xa hdi d nudc ta trong thdi gian qua

TAP CHI'TAM ly HOC, Sd 8 (161), 8 - 2012

87


. RaikhOnplOl:
3,8';.

2,<'hiralol lam:
24,1";

3. BinhihitifMf!:

23,7%

4. Tirtrnj: 66i u>l:
41,6%

• Ra'tt6'l:
6.8%

Bieu fid I: Ddnh gid vice tlufc hien muc tieu phdt irien ddt nUdc
"ddn gidii. nuifc manh. .vd lun ddn etui, cdng bdng. vdn minh "
Kha nhieu ban ire danh gia tfch cue vice thuc hien muc ticu
dat nudc theo hudng "dan giau, nudc manh, xa hoi dan chii. cdng
minh". Sd lieu thdng k6 ciia chting loi cho ihay. cd 48.4'( sd thanh
hoi nhan xet chiJiig ta dii thuc hicn lUffng doi hoac rat tot; nhifiu hcfn
so vdi 27."^)'; nhan dinh vice thirc hien la chua tdi hoac khdng idl.

phat iri^n
bang, van
nien duoc
kha nhi^u

f)anh gia tren day la kha dong deu Irong eae nhom thanh nien, ngoai trif
linh chat khu vuc, Thanh men khu vuc ndng tlion va mien niii danh gia vice
thuc hien cac muc lieu cao hcfn so \di Ihanh men thanh thi, Phan ti'ch dia ban
sinh song liong cac nhom khao sal, eo 3.'i.4'' thanh men ihimh thi cho riing,
chiing la da ihuc hicn lol. Uong khi so lieu tuong ung d thanh nien ndng thdn va
mien ntii la 62.7'* \a ^4.2';
f)e CO cai nhui loan dien hon \'c \ice danh gui eiia the he trc ve cac ihanh
lUu dal direfc, chiing ta se \cni \ei danh gni ciia ihanh nien khi so sanh Viet
Nam vdi nioi so nudc khae. bao gOm nhung nircic ciing lidn hanh cdng cudc ddi
miVi (nhu Lieii Xo ct'i va mot sd nudc khac) vc mot sd linh \irc sau:
CV) ihc CO y kien chu rang, nhirng van de 66 nghi thanh nien danh gia co
linh chill qua rong va eluing chung. hon nua khong phiii thanh nicn nao cung co
dil Ihong tin de co the dua ra 6iMi: nhirng diinh giii chinh \iic. Tuy nhien. tir goc
do tam ly hoc. nhieu nghien ciru cho thay rang. Ciim nhan chung cua con ngudi
(dil nhung cam nhiin do khong niiy sinh tren co sd hieu biet ve nhung con sd cu

TAPCHI'TAM LV HOC. Sd 8 (161), 8 - 2012


th^ chi'nh xac) vdn cd y nghia, cd lac ddng khdng nhd den tdm trang, thai dd,
hanh vi cua chii Ihe. Vdi y nghTa nhu vdy, chiing tdi da lim bleu ddnh gid ciia
Ihanh men v^ mdt sd vdn dd d Viet Nam trong so sdnh vdi mdt sd nudc khdc
cung tie'n hdnh ddi mdi. Sd lieu thdng ke cho thdy, cd nhidu ITnh vuc duoc
Ihanh nien ddnh gid Viei Nam thuc bidn lOi hon cdc nude khdc. Ddng chu y
nhat la cdc danh gid tinh binh chinh tri on dinh ban vd ngudi ddn sdng yen binh
hon. Ca hai ITnh vuc nay deu duoc ddnh gid vdi diem trung binh la 3,83 (rd'l gdn
vdi miic danh gid "xc co ban Id dung"). Vice ngudi ddn sdng yen binh hon ddi
hoi va lien quan chal che den tinh hinh chinh tri dn dinh, song viec thanh nidn
danh gid Viei Nam cd linh hinh chinh Iri dn dinh hon so vdi nhttng nudc khdc
Id su ghi nhdn ddi \di su lanh dao d.ii nudc ciia Ddng va Chinh phu. Ddng Ihdi,
dieu n.~i> cung gidn iicp cho lha> sir iing hd cua the he lie ddi vdi dudng Idi lanh
dao cila Dang \'a Nhd nudc.
Bdng 4: Ddnh gid t ua thanh nien vc miit sd x-dii de xd hdi khi so sdnh giUa Viei
Nam vol' nhTrng nuifc khdc. luio gdm nhirng nunc cung tie'n hdnh ddi mdi
Cac nliaii \cl

1

Phirong an lira chon {%)
i
2
4
5

BTB

1. Tinh hinh chinh In dn dinh hon

3.4

8.1

16.3

45.6

26,6

2. Kinh te phai iri^n b^n vimg han

6,1

17,2

26.8

37.5

12,4

3.33

3 Quan he con ngiroi ihan Ihien hem

4

14.2

21.8

39.8

20,2

.3,58

4 Tc nan xa hdi ft nghicin ironp hon

14,7

28,5

27.8

22,5

6.5

2.77

5. Dan chii duoc dam biio hon

4.9

16.1

28.6

35

15.5

3.40

6. Cong bang xa hoi duac dam bao hon.
khoiing each giau ngheo il han

12.3

24.8

26.2

26.5

10,1

2,97

7. Ngudi dan song ven binh hon

4.3

10.8

15.8

45.4

23.7

3,83

8. Cube sdng ctia ngudi dan duoc Nhii nudc
quan lam hdn

3.6

10.4

24.6

42.6

18.8

3.33

9. Quy^n liim chii ciia ngirdi dan duoc d,\m
bao han

4.7

11

23.4

41.9

19.1

3,58

-3,83

Ghi chic Cdc phuang dn lid tin ulnr stni I Kht'mg diing. 2 Khdng diing lim: 3. Kho
iwilkhdng khdc hiel. 4 Vt: t tf ban Id dihig. 5. Htiiin lodn dung. DTB cang cao, vtin de
cang dirac ddnh gid lich circ.

Ngodi ra, mdi sd linh vuc khdc cung duoc su ddng tinh iing hd ciia Ihanh
nien khi so sanh, nhdn xel vdi vdi nhung nudc khac nhu ddn chii duoc dam bdo
hon (diem Irung binh: 3.4). kinh te phdl Irien ben vung hon. cudc sd'ng ciia
TAPCHI'TAM LVHOC. Sd 8 (161), 8 - 2012


ngudi dan duoc Nhii nudc quan lflm hem (cDng vdi sd di^m trung binh 3.33).
Ciic vA'n d^ nhu cdng biing xa hdi duoc diim bio hon, khoing each gi^u aghfio ft
hon hay te nan xa hdi it nghifim trong hon tuy khdng cd su ddnh gid cao ciia
Ihanh niCn nhu nhtuig yeu td khac, nhung nhin chung cung khdng phai la danh
gui qua tha'p khi so .sanh vdi cdc nutlrc khdc. vdi cdc di^m trung binh tuong ung
la 2.*>7 va 2,77 (gdn vdi miJ-c "khftng khdc biel").
Vdi nhCrng nhin nhdn nhu vdy, thanh men van khd tin ludng vao hoat
dong ciia etia moi ,sd CO quan. In chii'c chi'nh quyen, 16 chiic xa hoi nhu cdc 16
chii:c ciia f);ing Cdng san Viet Nam, Chinh phii, <|uan dni. (^u6c hdi (mtic do tin
Iirong cao viVi DTB dao dong iCr 3,'J2 den ^.')^). Mai tran Td qudc cdc cap.
Doan Ihanh men. Iloi Ciru cliien binh, (Vmg an. Ina ,in (DTB dao dong tir ^.47

den ^.76). Tuy nhiCn. thanh niCn trong man nghien cihi da khOng cd ni6m lin
nhieu viio hoiU d6ng eiia he (hong chi'nh quyOn cir sd d c.ic dia phuong (DTB =
2.')8) vii bdo chf (DTB = 2.'>l) ( o 10 tinh ining thuong mai hod bdo chf v.i di
lien vdi no la khOng il nhd hao khftng eon coi trong muc lieu dinh hudng phdt
tri(in \a hoi. tinh trang cdn nhii^u vu viec tieu cue d cac dia phuong do nhirng
han che ciia chfnh quy^n co s(( tIa idc dong ddn niiim tin ciia thanh ni^n.
De lirng budc hien thuc hoa muc lieu phdt ine'n diVt nudc. chung ta da co
nhung bien phap. chinh saeh tfch circ nhdm phdt Irien kinh te. van hda, \i"i hdi,
qudc phiing. an ninh \;i ddi ngoai, Thanh qua ciia hon 25 nam ddi mdi da lao ra
nhung ihay doi phdl Iricn sau sac trong Xil h6i. Ddi song nhdn dan, dac biet la
khu vuc nong thon vit mi^n luii duoc nang cao ro lei Qu\en lam chii. quyfin
gidm sat ciia nhan dan itoi vdi hoat dong cua cdc to chuc dang, co quan nha
nudc. duoc nimg cao. Nhiing Ihay doi ur ihuc lic-n euoe song da tao ra nhutig
lac (long manh nhat den nhan ihirc. lir do ddn den su danh gia vii iing ho ciia
ngudi dim noi chung \a thanh men ndi rieng vO duirng Idi phat Inen dill nudc.
I Bdo (do ( hinh iri lai Dai hdi Ddng Idn thif XI dd tong ket khdi quat nhting Imn
( he'hien nay cita chiing la nhtf sau:
I - Kinh ti' phdl tnen clufa ben vting
- t </( linh vU( gidi> ihu vd lA/c lao. khoa hoc vd e(>ng nghe, vdn hod, .\d hot,
nun Iruilng. (pun phdng. an miih. doi ngOiu: cimg idc \dv difng iXing cdn cd ^
I han ( he. ven kciii.
- Diin (ini vd yifi manh dai dean kei loan dan lin- clufa duoc phdt huv ddy dii.
- Xdv (lung Nhd iiiiot phdp (piven \d luu chti nghTa chua theo kip veu eau phiit
Iricii kmh le vd ipiaii Iv ddt IUUH .

TAPCHI'TAM LV HOC, Sd8 (161). 8-2012


Mac dO chung ta da dat duoc nhiJng thanh tuu quan trong, song cung
phai nhin nhdn rt\ng con nhitng han che' tn>ng cOng cudc dtii mdi, xdy dung ddt nudc.

Khi ddnh gid v^ chd't Iirong, hieu quii cua nhi^u hoat d6ng khdc nhau ma
cac CO quan nha nudc, cdc lo chii:c xa h6i di~i thirc hien nhdm giai quyet cdc vd'n
de kinh te, xa hdi, phuc vu ddi sdng cua ngudi ddn, Ihanh ni^n cung nhdn thd'y
con nhieu han che. di)c biet viec giai quyet cac viin d^ nhu moi trudng, phdt
min b6n viJng (DTB = 2.'>6). xiin de \iee liim ciia ngudi ddn noi chung, thanh
nien noi rieng (DTB = 3,01), xaii de kham chiJa benh d cdc benh vien c6ng
(DTB = 2.50) horic lam giay id so hCfu tai san cho cong dan (DTB = 2,76),..
Tom lai. cac ket qud khao sat ihuc tien cho thd'y, thanh nien hien nay kha
quan tdm den e.ie \iVn de khac nhau cua diit nudc, xa h6i, trong do ho dac biet
quan ti\m den nhiing \iin de lien quan de'n ddi sdng hang ngay ciia tdng Idp
thanh nien ndi ncng \'a ngudi ddn noi chung. Nhirng mong mudn ciia thanh
nien hen quan den muc tieu phat inen dat nude khd phu hop vdi miic tieu ma
Dang va Nha nudc d."i x.ic dmh. \1 \a\ ho \'i\n kha tin tudng va iing ho dudng
loi phdl liien dal nudc ma Diing \;i Nhii nude da xac dinh. Tuy nhien, trong
thuc tien cuoc sdng \iin con nhieu win de \a hoi cdn duoc tap trung giai quyet
tot hon thi mdi cd the co duoc sir iing ho iriet dc ciia tang Idp thanh men.

Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bao cao chi'nh tri ciia Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa X lai Dai hoi dai bie'u
loan qudc Idn thir XI ciia Dang,
2. Anh Minh. Kinh le ihi trudng vd "nghich ly" thu vi ciia nguiii Vii'i, websile Thai
bao Kinh te Viet Nam:
3. http:/A'neconomv.vn/201204l3Q335062P0C9920/kinh-ic-thi-truong-va-nghich-lvthu-vi-cua-nRuoi-vict hlni

TAP CHI TAMLV HOC. Sd 8 (161). 8-2012

91