TỪ SÔNG CẦU ĐẾN TUY HÒA SỰ THAY ĐỔI KHÔNG GIAN PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ XH Ở PHÚ YÊN

Tlf SONG cAu Bft'iV TIJY lldA - Sif TIIAY BOI
Kiioi^o GiAi\ iMiAx nuj^i^ Kiivii T£' - x A H 6 I
d IMI1J \t^ (1»U7-I945)
N G O MINH SANG

1. S&ng c i u vft sU phfit t r i i n cua
t r u n g tfim do thj dr P h u Y i n (1887-1921)
- Sdng Cdu vdi vai trd trung
hdnh chinh

tdm

Viphia ehinh quyin bdo hd Phdp, thfing
1-1888, ngUdi Phfip chfnh thflc xfic Ifip hf
thong chinh quyen thue dfin cl Phfl Ydn.
£)flng diu chfnh quyin bao bf 1ft vien Cdng
sfl nim gifl quyen cdng chinh vft thUdng
chinh, v i sau thue dfin Phfip ban hftnh
them quyin Ifinh sU, thay mft Khfim sfl
Trung Kf chi d^o mpi hoat dfng tfl tinh trd
xuong. Giflp vifc cd vien Phd sfl vfi cfic
quan lai dflng diu mdi sd, ngfinh chuySn
mdn nhu gifim binh, thiy thuic, lye If, chu
sd Difn bfio, quan thfl y... (1). 'Vidn Cdng sfl
din thy chflc diu tien b Pbfl Ydn 1ft Tirant,
Phd sfl 1ft Groleau. Giflp vifc cho toft Cdng
sfl cdn cd cfic quan l^i ngudi 'Vift giii chfle
vy tham tfi, phfin sU vfi thdng ngdn.
Xufi't phfit tfl nhflng toan tfnh vi chfnh
tri, quSn sfl vft quyin lgi kinh ti, chfnh
quyen bao by chpn Vflng Lfim lfim ndi tpa

lac tda Cdng sfl diu tifin b Phfl Yfin. Vung
Lim n^m trong vinh Xufin Dfii vfla lfi
thfldng cang vfi qufin cang quan trong b
' ThS. Trudng Dai hpc Thu Diu Mft

Nam Trung K^. Vi phfa tfiy, Viing L^m
gifip vdi con dudng thidn 1^, fin ngfl trpng
diim cua tinh giing nhU tfim dilm cua tryc
tung hofinh vdi 4 hUdng Ddng, Tfiy, Nam,
Bie. Tfl dfiy vifc tiip flng cung nhu rflt lui
eua chfnh quyin bao hf nhanh chdng khi ed
nhflng cufc nii loan dfin ban xfl. Mftt khfic,
Vung Lim nSm bdn canh thfinh An Thi,
phii ly Nam triiu xfiy dUng tfl thdi Minh
Mang, cfla Ddng thftnh An Thi thdng ra
vinh Xufin Dfti, sd hflu cfla hiln Tien Chfiu,
ndi diin ra ho^t dfng trao dii, budn bfin
tfi'p nf p gifla ngudi ban xfl vdi cfic Ifii budn
ngo^i qudc Hft Lan, Phfip, Hoa K^, Bo Dfio
Nha... NhQng p h i budn bfin ngudi Hoa,
dfin ban xfl goi 1ft Khfich trfl dvlng len khip
cfic khu vyc thufc vjnh Xufin Dfti.
Tfl gifla nfim 1888, hf thong chinh
quyin th\(e dfin tay sai ngfty cftng md rfng,
ngucfi Phfip dy kiin xfiy dung din gifim
binh, sd thUdng chfinh, cdng chfnh, y ti...
phye vy cfng cudc khai thfic thufc dia sfip
tdi, chfnh quyin bao hf nhfin ra Viing Lira
khdng phfl hpp d i dfit mft chfnh quyen quy
md ldn vft lfiu dfti. Thftng 2-1889 (2), chinh

quyin thuc dfin Phfip ddi tda Cdng sfl ra
lfing Phflde L^ (Sdng Ciu) vft ddng 5 dfiy


TO sOng CAu din Tuy Ijda - stf thay ddi...
cho tdi ngfty thuc dan Phfip cfio chung. Vifc
di ddi toft Cdng sfl cua chfnh quyin bao hf
nh^m phuc vu y do cai tri lfiu dfii, cflng vdi
do 1ft nhflng chfnh sfich khai thfic thufc dja
se dupc trien khai tren khfip dia bfin tinh
Phfl Yen.
Su kifn nfiy kdo theo hftng loat cac sd
vdi nhiiu phdng, ban lin lUdt di ddi vi tinh
ly Sdng Ciu. Sd gifim binh, dflng diu 1ft
viin quan chu sd, bdn dudi 1ft cfic din lfnh
khi xanh 6 mdi phu, huyfn vfi cl tfn thdn,
budn. Dflng diu moi don 1ft vien quan Mft
hofic quan Hai, giflp vifc ed quan thdng
ngdn ngfldi Viet, bin dudi 1ft dpi lfnh ban
xfl do nhft cim quyin An Nam cung cfi'p. Sd
thfldng chinh trUng dung nhiiu phdng phu
trfich cfic vfi'n d i nhu phdng quan ly xufi't
nhfip cang, phdng quan ly muoi, phdng
thui ve budn ban, niu rUdu... ThUe dfin
Phfip dat phdng quan ly xufi't nhfip cang 1
tham tfi, 1 thfla hftnh vft mpt so vien lai
giup viec thflc hifn thu thue, ve sau dSt
them ddi canh sat ve sinh.
Ve phia chinh quyen An Nam, nfim
1888, chinh quyen bao hd dftt tda Cdng afl

tai Viing Lfim ndn tinh dudng phai ddi ra
lftng Tan Thanh (Xufin Thp II, Sdng Cau)
theo yeu ciu cua ngUdi Phap. Nftm 1889,
tinh ly ddi v i lai thftnh An Tho. Vft din
nfim 1899, tinh ly ddi ra thdn Long Binh
(Sdng Ciu), niim bdn canh tda Cdng sfl.
Phu Ydn xip vfio hang tinh nhd, dflng
diu 1ft quan Tuin vfl, k i din quan An sat.
Doc hpc, Lanh binh. Theo Nghi dinh ngfty
27-3-1890, Toftn quyen Ddng DUdng sat
nhfip tinh Phfl Yen vft Binh Dinh thftnh
tinh Binh Phu do cdng sfl Qui Nhdn cai
quan. Chfnh quyin An Nam thuyen chuyin
quan Tuin vfl Phfl Ydn ra Qui Nhdn giflp
vifc quan Tong doc Binh Phfl, hd' nhifm
quan Bo chfnh dflng diu tinh. Nfim 1926,
chinh quyen An Nam lai df.t quan Tuin vu

thay t h i quan B i Chinh dflng diu tinh
Phfl Yen. 6 tinh dudng cd 2 ty: Ty phien vft
ty niit. Dflng diu ty phidn lfi quan Thdng
phfin, bao gdm cac tfto lai, ll, hf, cdng,
nhifm vy giflp vifc eho quan Tuin vu. Ty
niit giflp vifc cho quan an sfit, diu ty 1ft
quan Kinh ljch. Mdi ty c6 cac Thfla phfii vft
Hftu bo giflp vifc. Vi vd quan cd Di die,
Chfinh phd Lftnh binh, Quan cd. Suit dfi,
Hifp quan, Ddi trudng... Chiu trfich nhifm
quan ly giao dye thi cfl trong tinh cd cfic
quan: Doc hoc coi sdc ca tinh, Giao thy phu

trfich phu vft Huft'n dao d cfi'p huyfn.
Nhu vfiy, ke tfl thfing 2-1889, Sdng Ciu
trd thfinh tinh ly Phfl Yen, la trung tam
hfinh chinh, ndi hfi tu eua quyen dieu
hftnh cfic cfi'p khfie d Phfl Yen. Ly giai ly do
vi sao chfnh quyin thUe dfin Phap chpn
Sdng Ciu lfim tinh ly, theo chflng tdi, budc
diu cd hai 1^ do khien ngudi Phfip di din
quyit dinh nfty. Thfl nhfi't, vi mfit so lUpng
quan lai ngudi Phap d Trung Kf trong
khoang thdi gian nay thiiu hut rfi't nhiiu
nen khdng du cai tri b Phfl Ydn, nen hp
quyit dinh di ddi toft Cdng sfl ve Sdng Ciu,
ndi cfich Qui Nhdn hdn 60 cay so c6 thi h i
trd eho nhau. Thfl hai, ve dieu kifn khi hfiu
d Sdng Ciu, ndi dfiy cd khi hfiu khfi mfit me
phfl hdp vdi ngUdi Au, vdi dfla vft dft't cfit,
thudng cd nhflng mach nfldc ngim da lftm
cho khi hfiu Sdng Ciu khae bift so vdi cfic
vflng khfie trong tinh Phu Ydn. Chfnh
nhflng 1^ do nfty khiin ngudi Phap chon
Sdng Ciu lftm tinh ly. Ve sau vdi nhieu
myc dich khfie trong chinh sfich khai thfic
thudc dia, ngfldi Phfip md rfng Sdng Ciu
thftnh trung tfim phfit triin kinh t i - xa hpi
b Phfl Yen.
- Song cdu vdi vai tro trung tdm
kinh td
Sdng Ciu trd thanh tmng tfim kinh t i
cua Phfl Yen xufi't phat tfl nhiing ehinh

RflhKtn eiiru Idch sJr. stf 3.201g
sach khai thfic thufc dja cua thyc dfin
Phfip. Trong khoang thdi gian tH 18881921, chfnh quyin Phfip tht^c hifn chinh
afich then chit, nii hft lfi diu tu phfit triin
cang th}, cy thi b Cfl Mdng vfi vjnh Xufin
Dfii trd thfinh hai cang "thiiOng mgi vd xudt
khdu" quan trpng b xfl Trung Kf.
•^ tudng quy ho^ch cang thi b Phfl Yin
manh nha tfl nfim 1890, biiu hifn trong ldi
nhfn xit cua viin Cdng afl Tirant vi tim
quan trpng cua vinh Xufin Dfii (3): "V/n/i
Sdng Cdu Id mpt trong nhiing vinh d^p
nhdt trin todn thi gidi md 100 tdu c6 thi
din thd neo d ddy", aau dd dfch thfin dng ta
da d i nghi nhft cim quyin: "nd phdi dugc
thiia nhdn la hdi cdng chinh ciia miin
Trung An Nam" (4). Vinh Xufin Dfii cd vi trf
quan trpng doi vdi tinh Phfl Ydn trong lieh
stjl, 1ft ndi di tru vft lftm ftn eiia mft bd phfin
khdng nho ngUdi Hoa Kiiu b Vung Lim,
Tien Chfiu (nim trong Vinh Xufin Dfti), ndi
thufin Ipi eho sfl phfit trien dich vy vfn
chuyen dudng biin, nhfi't Ift trong dieu kifn
khd khfin vi giao thing dudng bd trong
khoang thdi gian nfty.
Xdt vi quy md cua hai cang, Cfl Mdng vft
vinh Xufin Dfii khdng sfinh bing cfic hai
cang b Hai Phdng, Dfi Nftng, Sfti Gdn, nhung

xdt vi vai trd, vj trf vft tfnh chfi't, cbflng tdi
nhftn thft'y cd mft s i diim quan trong: Thd

nhdt. hki cang Cfl Mdng, Xufin Dfti ddng vai
trd "cang trung gian", 1ft ndi trung chuyin
hftng hofi ndng san b khu vi^c Trung Kf,
tr^m tiip nhidn lifu vft lUdng thi^c cho cfic
tftu ngoyi qu6c hofc tftu hftnh trinh Bic Nam, ndi trfl i n an toftn khi thdi tiit diln
biirt xiu. TTiii hai, cang thi Cfl Mdng vft
Xufin Dfti ddng vai trd quan trong trong
chfnh sfich dfc quyin khai thfic vft tfich cao
nguydn ra khdi lftnh t h i Trung Kf cua thi^c
dftn Phfip. Nhflng nguin Ipi tfti nguyfn,
hfing hofi ndng t h i san b eao nguydn vfn
chuyin b ^ g dudng bf qua tinh Phfl Ydn,
sau dd vfn chuyin tdi vinh Xufin Dfti, Cfl
Ming d i chuydn ch5 vfto cfic cang ldn.
Tfl nhflng f tudng cua Tirant, sau thdi
gian tim hiiu vft triin khai cfic chinh sfich
khai thfic thudc dia, chfnh quyin Phap tfp
trung vfto phfit triin kinh t i Phfl Ygn theo
hudng thUdng mai vft djch vy. Chfnh quyln
Phfip xfiy dung cftc tr^im t h u i quan, cU xfi
cho cfic thuy thu, thiit Ifip phdng canh sfit
vf sinh hftng hai vft md tuyin dUdng thiiy
npi dia, quic t i cl v^nh Xufin Dfti vfi Cfl
Mdng. Cy thi, vfio nfim 1911 thUc dfin
Phfip da cho xfiy dyng 1 cfl xfi vdi nhft phy
cho uy thfic viSn vft 1 cU xfi cho cfic thuy
thu cl vinh Xufin Dfti. Vi sau do nhu ciu

gifl ^ n vf sinh cung nhu bao vf an ninh h
cfic cfla hiln, chfnh quyin thyc dfin da thiit

Bfing 1: So lu^rng tftu t h u y i n cfp cftng d v|nh Xufin Dfti vft C^ Mong
(1904 -1909)
(Do: CM
-£ftdn^ Th uS'quan
1904
1906
1907 1908
1909
Xugn D M

489

Cu Mdng

265

C«ng

744

622

1682

1884

539

646

319

676

2430

858

2358

Ngudn: Tdng h(;p til cfic bfin bfio cfio Bapport ^onomique province de Phu Yen, Residence de Song Qui, aimfe
1904-1909


TC sing eflu din Tiry ^da - su may dit...
Ifip phdng canh sfit vf sinh hftng hai b Cfl
MSng, Xufin Dfti vft Ding Trach.
Song song vdi vifc diu tU xfiy dflng cfic
cd sd phye vu khai thac thufc dia, chinh
quyin Phfip md cfic tuyin vfin tai hftng hai
dudng dfii Qui Nhdn • Sdng Ciu - Sfti Gdn
va ngUdc l^i. Hfing Berthet - Charriere nhfn
thiu diu tien, hfing nfiy dUa ehiic tftu hdi
nUdc Hdldne hoat ddng thudng xuyen b vflng
bien Phfl Yen tfl nfim 1901. Chiic tfiu hdi
nUdc Hdldne vfin chuyin hfing hda tfl Sdng
Ciu - Qui Nhdn, Sdng Ciu • Sfti Gdn vft

ngUdc lai, cudi cflng bi mfic can cl vilng biin
Tuy Hda. Nftm 1909, dng Dom Bazin nhfin
thiu vfin chuyen hftng hda dUdng dfii tfl
Viing Lira, Sdng Ciu di Sfii Gdn vdi ehiic
tftu hdi nUdc eua hang dng.
Vdi vifc xfiy dung cd sd vftt chfi't tren,
thue dfin Phfip phfit trien quy md cang Cfl
Mong, Vung Lfim, Sdng Ciu trd thfinh
"cdng trung gian" vfin ehuyen hfing hoa
khdng chi b Vift Nam mft vUdn ra tftn khu
vuc Ding Nam A vft Ddng A... Theo kit qua
thing ke cua Phdng T h u i quan Cfl Mdng
vfi Xufin Dai thi lUdng tftu thuyin eftp cang
tfl nftm 1904-1909 1ft 7.012 chiic, trong dd
thuyin ghe ngUdi Vift khoang 6.911 chiic,
tftu thuy ngoai quic lfi 83 chiic; lUpng tfiu
xuat cang b Phfl Yen 1ft 6.522 cbiic (5).
Gdp phin thflc diy sU phat triln giao
thdng dudng bien phai k i den so lUdng ldn
ghe thuyen ngudi ban xfl, hdn 6.911 chiic
ghe biu ngudi ban xfl cfip cang Viing Lfim,
Sdng Cau, Cfl Mdng tfl nfim 1904-1909,
chia lftm 3 loai: ghe thuyen cua cac lai
thUdng ngudi Vift vft ngudi Hoa; ghe
thuyin vfn chuyin hftng hda do ngudi
Phfip thue; ghe thuyin dfinh ca cua ngU
dfin. Trong quy^ III nfim 1908, cdng sfl Phfl
Yfn da cfi'p 800 gifi'y thdng hfinh cho loai
ghe nfty. Hoat ddng cua loai ghe thuyin
ban xfl theo mua thu hoach cua ndng tho

san vfi thdi gian boat dfng cua gid miia
Ddng Bic vft Tfiy Nam. Vfio mfla thu hoach
ndng t h i san vft muii, thuyin eua efie Ifii
thUdng cfip cang Cfl Mdng, Vung Lim vft
Sdng Ciu thu mua, sau dd vfin chuyin din
cac tinh Nam K^ (ehu yiu Cin Thd, Rach
Gifi, My Tho, Vinh Long, Sfii Gdn), Trung
KJ (Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Phan Rang,
Binh Thuf n) vft Bfic K^.
Trong thdi gian nfty hoat dpng thUdng
m^i b Cfl Mong vft Vflng Lim dupe diy
manh. Theo thong ke cua phdng Gifim thu
Xufin Dfti vfi Cii Mdng, hoat dfng thUdng
mai nfim 1909: Xuft't khiu 8.338 tfi'n vdi gifi
tri 2,3 trifu Franc (fr), mfit hftng xufi't khiu
ehu yiu dudng mfit, cau, di gom, dfla khd,
ca khd, muii, da dfng vfit, dfiu Ifi'y diu;
nhfip khiu 3.552 tfi'n vdi gifi tri 1,1 trifu fr,
mfit hfing nhfip khiu nhU cfi khd vfi thit
muii, chd Trung Hoa, gd'm Nam Ky, vai,
chi cotton, gao trang; so lupng tfiu thuyen
cfip cang 1ft 2.307 chiee (tau ngoai quoc 1ft
13 chiic, tau An Nam 2.285 chiic).
Theo kit qua thing ke cua Sd ThUdng
chinh thi tong lUdng hfing xuft't khiu tai
cang Cfl Mdng, Viing Lim vfi Sdng Ciu tfl
nftm 1904-1909 lfi 36,1 trieu tfiii vdi gia tri
9,4 trieu fr vftng, trong dd phdng thue quan
Cfl Mdng 1ft 11 trifu t i n vdi gifi tri 2,6 fr,

Xufin Dfti lfi 25,1 trifu tfi'n vdi gifi trj 6,8
trifu fr vfing. Nhflng mfit hftng xuit khiu
chu yiu d Phfl Yen trong thdi k^ nfty gom
gia sue, muoi, dUdng mfit, cau, dfla khd, da
dfng vft, lua g^o, cfi khd, nUdc mfim, do
gom, go vfi cfic lo^i dfiu do....
Hoat ddng thUdng mai quan trpng vft cd
tinh chfi't phfle tap tfic ding den nin kinh
te thuc dan b Phfl Yen tfl 1887 - 1921 1ft
viec xufi't khiu gia sflc. Thdi ky diu, xufi't
khiu gia sflc 5 Phfl Y6n do cfic Ifii thUdng
Nam Kf thUc hifn, vdi tinh chit nhd le ndn
chUa dupe ngudi Phfip chfl f. Chi sau ddn


Rflhien eflu Lieh air. s6 3.2012

48

ydu ciu cua dng Schoss, nhft tu sfin ngfldi
MJ b Sfti Gdn gfli din nhft cim quyln Phfip
vi vifc thu mua a i lflt?ng gia sflc tfl 1.000 1.200 con vft mft s i gia cim cl Phfl Ydn thi
tu ban Phfip mdi quan tfim din nguin Ipi
nfty. Sau dng Schoss, nhilu nhfi tu san din
tfl Philippin df ddn xin trUng mua gia sflc
dl xufi't cang vft mft s i xin trUng thufi dfi't
diu tu chfin tha gia sflc. Trudc tinh hlnh
trdn, chfnh quyin thi^c dfin dfi ban hfinh
raft vfin ban qui dinh v i vifc xuit cang gia
sflc cl cfic tinh Trung K^ vfto nfim 1900,

theo dd tu ban Phfip cho phip cfic nhft tu
san thfldng m^i dfic quyin thu mua gia sflc
b Phu Yen xufi't cang sang Philippin (6).
Ki tfl nfim 1900, boat dfng xufi't khiu
gia sue b Phfl Yen chu yiu sang Philippin
vfi lo^i gia sflc xufi't khiu lfi trfiu bd. Theo
so lifu thing kd Sd ThUdng chfnh thi s i
lupng trfiu bd xufi't cang sang Manila tfl
nfim 1906-1908 gin 6.878 tfi'n, rieng nfim
1908 xufi't cang vdi s i lupng 4.101459 kg
vdi Ipi nhufln gin 2 trifu fr vftng. Gifi xufi't
khiu moi loai gia sue ed sU eh§nh lfch gifla
ngUa vft trfiu bd, gia ngUa thfldng eao gfi'p
2-3 lin gifi trfiu bd, thdng thudng gifi xufi't
khiu trfiu bd loai 1 tfl 23-25 dong/con, gifi
trfiu bd loai 2 tfl 18-20 dong/eon; gifi ngUa
loai 1 tfl 80-100 dong/eon, gifi ngfla loai 2
40-60 ding/eon (7).
Theo cae ban bfio cfio kinh t i cua tofi
cdng sfl Sdng Ciu cho biit tfl nfim 1900-

1908 cd hdn 9 nhft tu san vft hifp hfi din
Phfl Ydn thu mua vft diu tU vfto linh vUc
chfin nuoi gia sue gim nhfi tu san Jose
Gerenacoi, Daniel de Movellan, Matheu
(Qui Nhdn), Houdetot (Nha Trang), Defert
1ft' nhflng nhft tU san trUng mua trfiu bd
xuft't sang Philippin; Montpezat, Lyard 1ft
nhUng nhft tu san thud dit chftn tha gia
sflc cl miin tfiy Phfl Ydn. Trong so nhflng

nhft tfl san trdn, dng Defert d^i difn hifp
hfi thu mua gia sflc Ynchanssi dUdc chfnh
quyin Phfip Uu tifin vi mft s i quyln h^n
vl tfUng mua trfiu bd cl Phfl Y&n, nhft tu
san Philippin nfty Ifip mft thUdng diim vft
dinh cU lfiu dfti b Viing Lfim, dng thu mua
trfiu bd b Phu Ydn vfin chuyin vl Philippin
b^ing tftu hdi nUdc t^i q^ng Vflng Lfim.
Sau mft thdi gian xuit cang, tu ban
Phfip nhfin ra nhflng bfi't cfip trong vifc
xufi't cang trfiu bd sang Manila. Niu con s i
xufi't cang trfiu bd m5i nfim 1ft 2.292,7 tin,
thi trung binh mdi nftra tinh Phu Yen xuit
khiu sang Philippin 6.550 con, tfnh lien tyc
trong vdng 10 nfim len din 65.550 con.
LUdng gia sflc cung flng xufi't khiu moi nftm
si khdng dii, nhflng Ifii thUdng Phihppin
phai mua trfiu bd cfii vft bd mong d i xuit
khiu, vi vfiy dftn trfiu bd cua tinh khdng cd
kha nfing phuc hoi vft se tuyft chung. Thdm
vfto dd, trau bd 1ft tu lifu san xufi^t ehinh
khdng ehl cho ndng dfin Phfl Yen mft ca khu
vyc Nam Trung K^. Diiu nfty de dpa din .
nin an ninh lUdng thi;lc cung nhU nen kinh

Bfing 2: Tinh hiM^ xufift k h i u gia sue d Phu YSn nftm 1908
(Sdn vi: kg)
Qu*
Soluong
Cong

I
618.260

II
702.130

III
1.139.960
4,101.469

rv
1.641.164

Ngufin: Rapport ^conomique province de Phu Yen, R^idcnce dc Song Cau, ann& 1908.


Tilr 80ng Cdu dgn Tuy Ij6a - sy thay dJI...
t i Phfl Yfin. Nhftn thflc dupc vfi'n di trgn, tfl
nfim 1909 chinh quyen thUe dfin Phap da
cfi'm chi xufi't khfiu trfiu bd sang Philippin vfi
tich thu giiy ph6p mfi nhft cim quyin dft
cip cho cac nhft tu san b Philippin trudc dd.
Vdi nhflng chfnh khai thfic thufc dia cua
thUe dfin Phfip trong khoang thdi gian 18871921 cho thiy chfnh quyin Phfip Uu tien
Sdng Ciu vdi vai trd lfi trung tam kinh t i
Phfl Ydn, phfit triln theo hfldng khai thfic
cac mftt hftng ndng san dl xufi't khiu, tfin
dyng yiu to' biin dl phfit triln dich vu vfin
tai vfi xufi't khiu. Dilu nfiy thi hifn dung

vdi ban chit vd vdt cua chfnh quyin thi^c
dfin Phfip trong giai doan khai thfic thufc
dia lin thfl nhfi't, nhung thdng qua dd phan
finh l§n mpt dieu chinh quyin Phap tfin
dyng yiu t i biin di phat trien dich vy vfin
tai bien vft xuft't khiu b Phfl Yen.
- Song Cdu vdi vai trd trung tdm vdn
hoa, gido due d Phu Yen
Nhflng nfim diu t h i ky XX, hf thd'ng
chinh quyin thUc dfin vft chfnh afich khai
thfic thudc dia eua Phap ngfty cang md rfng
b Phfl Yen, ddi hdi phai bo sung lUdng cdng
chflc hfinh chinh Tfiy hpe phye vuc d cfic cd
quan chinh quyln bao hf, ding thdi thUc
hifn fim mUu vdi tay den tfin cft'p xa thdn.
Ngudi Phap bdt diu trien khai chUdng
trinh gifio due Phap - Viet b Phu Yen. Theo
nguon tu lifu chflng tdi tiip cfin thi chfnh
thflc nfim Jipc 1908-1909, chinh quyln bao
hf Phap da eho thfl nghifm chUdng trinh
hpe nfiy t^i Sdng Ciu, mdi diu chi cd 1 ldp
vdi 3 thiy giao vfi 32 hoc sinh, dUpc hpc
ling ghip vdi cae ldp theo hf thing gifio
dye cu do ngfin sach chfnh quyin Nam
triiu dfii thp.
Sau nfim 1916, chinh quyin thi^c dfin
Phap chinh thflc trien khai chUdng trinh
giao due tilu hpe Phftp - Vift d Phfl Yfin vdi
3 cip hpc. Den nfim 1917, ehinh quyln
Phfip md thdm trUdng Sd hpe Phfip - Vift

dfinh cho nfl sinh (^cole franco - annamite
des jeunes files), trUdng d^y nfl sinh nhfp
chung vdi trudng Sd hpc Phfip - Vift dftnh
cho nam ainh cl Sdng Ciu. ChUdng trinh
hpc doi vdi ldp nam sinh gom 3 ldp: Ding
fi'u, Du bj vft Sd dSng, nfi dyng dUa theo
chUdng trinh Hgc quy dUpc ban hftnh nfim
1906 eua chfnh quyln thyc dfin Phfip. Dii
vdi nfl, chfnh quyin thUe Phap day tiing me
de gim tfp viit, tfip doc, hpc tfnh, lufin \f, vf
ainh vfi chUdng trinh thUc tfp gom gia
chfinh (khfiu vfi, gift giu, niu fin...), nhflng
nghi thu cdng dfinh cho phy nfl (thSu, dan,
det, lfim bfinh, lftm vudn...). Cbo din nfim
1918, lupng gifio vien day cl trudng Sd hoc
Song Ciu 1ft 3 ngUdi, trong dd 1 hifu trUdng,
1 thiy gifio giang day (instituteur auxiliaire)
vft 1 gifio vien nfl (institutrice) (8).
Sau Chien tranh t h i gidi thfl Nhfi't,
ehinh quyen thUc dfin Phfip tiip tuc thiJc
hien chfnh sfich cung eo vfi phfit trien hf
thing giao due thuc dfin d Phfl Yen. Thdi
kf nfty, ehinh quyin bao hp triln khai nin
"Hgc chinh tdng quy" tfl cfi'p phu, huyfn
din td'ng, xa vdi hftng loat cfic trUdng tieu
hpc Phap - Vift ra ddi 6 Phu Ydn. Bfic hoc
cao nhit d Phfl Ydn la Tilu hpc vdi 3 loai
trudng; Tilu hpc toftn cfi'p (^cole Primaire
de plein exereice) Ifp cl tinh, Sd ding Tilu

hoc Creole Primaire dlimentaire) Ifip d phu,
huyfn vfi Sd hoc cl cfic tong, xfi (^coles
eantonales et communales).
Vfto nftm 1921, trUdng Sd ddng tilu hpc
Sdng Ciu dd'i thftnh trUdng Tiiu hpc toftn
cft'p vdi 5 cfi'p hoc, gom: Dong fi'u, Gxf bi, Sd
ddng Tilu hpc, Trung ding Tilu hpc vft Cao
ding Tiiu hpc, sau dd dUpc thftng ldn
trudng tinh. Su kifn nfty tao ra mft bude
ngofit doi vdi nin gifio dye Phu Yen thdi
thudc Phfip. Hf thing gifio due phong kiin
chinh thflc chfi'm dflt vai trd dfto t^o nguon
nhfin lue, cung vdi nd 1ft hf thong gifto dye
Phfip - Vift ehi phSi vft quyet dinh din vifc


Rghian eflu Lieh siSr. stf 3.2012
dfto tpo dfi ngu tri thflc b Phu Yin. Ding
thdi tinh ly Sdng Ciu trd thftnh trung tftm
dfio tyo dfi ngu trf thflc d Phfl Ydn.
2. Tuy HoA vfi sU thay dd'i t r u n g tflm
phfit trion kinh t i - xa h^i d Phu Y i n
(1921-1945)
Thoo nghj djnh ngfty 17-10-1921, chfnh
quyen Phfip tfich tinh Phfl Ydn trd thftnh
tinh dfc Ifp vfi khdng edn If thufc vfto tinh
Binh Djnh. Sy chia tfich nfty ed f nghia
quan trpng, tinh I'hu Ydn trd vi ddn vj
hfinh chtnh cfi'p tinh vft dupc diu tU nhu
mpt tinh ly khfic b khu vyc Trung Kf. Cung

sau nghi dinh nfty, dfinh dfi'u mft sy thay
do'i ldn vc chfnh sfich khai thfic thufc dia
vfi khong gian phfit trien kmh t i • xa hfi b
Phfl Yen, Luc nfty, chfnh quyln Phfip triln
khai hftng loat cfic chfnh sftch diu tu khai
thac b khu vUc phfa nam tinh Phfl Yen.
Dfldi dfiy chflng toi xin neu mft vai nhfin to
chinh yiu dftn den sU dich chuyin tfl Sdng
Ciu din Tuy Hda:
Xdy dgng ddp Dong Cam vd biidc
chuyen ddi cd cdu kinh ti'dPhu Yen, cac dl
an nghien cflu ve vifc xfiy dUng mft hf
thing thuy ndng tren sdng Dft R^ng bfit
diu vfio nfim 1889, nhUng khdng dUpe chfi'p
thuan do thiiu hyt vl nguon kinh phf vft
nhan cdng. Din nfim 1904, dofin kf aU
ngUdi Phap gdm Fayard vft Desbos lftm ky
sU trudng tiep tue thftm sat, lin nfty phai
doftn lftm vifc nghiem tflc vft nhin nhfn lai
kit qua khao sftt trudc dd. Dofin da tham
sfit bfii dfi Tuy Phong, sau dd kjf aU Desbos
Ifip ra mpt bang ke hoach cho vifc xfiy dyng
dfip trinh len Sd Cdng chfnh (Travaux
publics), nhung khdng duyc chfi'p thufin.
Mai den nfim 1920, vien ky sU Nordey tiip
tye nghien cflu cdng trinh xfiy dUng dip
thuy ndng trSn sdng Ba, dUdi sU diiu hfinh
cua ky sU trudng Jjcfevre. Den ngfty 30-111923, di an xfiy dUng dfip thuy ndng Ding

Cam (Tuy Phong) ddgc Toftn quyln D6ng

Dudng chfi'p nhftn (9).
Hf thing thuy ndng Ding Cam hoftn
thftnh da t^o ra nhflng thay dii ldn trong
linh v^c kinh t i ndng nghifp b Phfl Yfn,
budc diu dfto tao dfi ngfl cfin bf kJ thufit
ngUdi Vift lao dfng trong linh vyc ning
nghifp vft nhiiu iTnh vi^c khfic. Vifc du
nhfp nhilu trang thiit bi hifn dgii, cflng
vdi lai tpo nhilu giing cfiy tring gdp phin
thflc diy ngfinh ndng nghifp Phfl Ydn phfit
triln, nfing suit vft san lupng dupc cai
thifn, chfi't lUdng cua aan phim ndng
nghifp dat kit qua eao dfip flng nhu ciu
xufi't khiu ciia chfnh quyin thUc dfin. Cflng
vdi dd 1ft sU biin dii tinh hinh sd hflu rufng
dfi't tfl sau khi xay dUng dfip Dong Cam da
din din sU phfin hda ldn trong cfic giai
ting xa hdi b Phfl Ydn.
Nfim 1928, hai chuyen gia ngudi Phap 1ft
M. Chauvin vfi De Visme thyc hifn chuySn
khao sat nghien cflu thfinh phin dfi't 5 Phu
Yen (10). Hai dng tiin hftnh khao sfit tfl
Sdng Ciu vfio den Tuy Hda, trong dd hai ong
chfl f nhfi't lfi nghien ciiu thftnh phin dit
dai, dja hinh b cac vflng ta ngan vfi hflu
ngpn sdng Dfi R ^ g . Ket qua cua cudc khao
sfit phye vy eho chfnh sach khai thfic thufc
dia vft eho thfi'y sU thay doi cua chfnh sfich
diu tu khai thfic eua thue dfin Phfip.
Vdi nhflng phfin tich vi diiu kifn dit

dai, khf hfu, dia hinh vfi sfl thufn ldi vifc
tudi tieu nUde khi hf thong thuy ndng Dong
Cam hofin thfinh 6 vflng Ding Bd vft Bftn
Thpch, dng Hunegolz quyit dinh diu tfl
xfiy di^ng nhft mfiy c h i biin theo ky nghf
Tfiy Au dfit b lftng Trung LUdng. Vdi nhflng
CO ging cua dng, thfing 12-1927, nhfi mfiy
chi biin dudng duyc thfinh Ifp vdi tfin gpi
Nhft mfiy dudng Vift Nam (Sucrier Viet
Nam), day 1ft nhft mfiy c h i biin dfldng theo
phUdng phap ky nghf hifn dai thdi biy gid
(11).


TO sOng CAu dgn Tuy ^6a - sy Hiay ddi...
Thdi kf diu cdng sufi't eiia nhft mfiy thfi'p
khoang 60 tfi'n/ngfiy (1931), aau thdi gian
md rpng difn tfeh vft cai thifn cfic giing
mfa nhfp tfl Java vdi phUOng thflc tring
theo hf thing Reynoso d vflng Tuy Hofi vfi
Sdn Hofi da cai thifn c6ng sufi't cua nhft
mfiy, tfing ISn 300 - 400 tfi'n/ngfiy vfio nftm
1936. Theo dd, aan lUpng dudng cua nhft
mfiy cung thay dd'i thfi't thudng, dinh dilm
vfio nftm 1942 nhft mfiy san xufi't dUde 6000
tin. Trong tfic phim Dia dii Phd Yin,
Nguyin Dinh Cim vfi Trin Si dfi md ta
tinh hinh san xufi't dudng cua nhft may nhU
sau: "Cach lfim dudng bAng mfiy mdc vfi
theo kilu hofi hpc tii tfin. Ho dflng din

hftng ngftn cong thd, moi ngfty ra din mft'y
mUdi tfiji dudng. Dudng tring mft gifi Ipi re
cho nen tieu thy rfi't dl dftng".
Vdi chu trinh san xuit hifn dai cua Nhfi
mfiy dudng Vift Nam dfinh diu budc tiin
ldn trong ngfinh dai ky nghf d Phfl Yen, lin
diu tien nhfin dfin Phfl Yen tiep xflc vdi mfiy
mdc vfi dfiy chuyin san xuit edng nghifp
hifn dai, tfin mfit nhin thiy nhflng san
phim dflye ehi bien tfl ky nghf hifn dai.
Chinh quyin thUc dfin Phap phfic hpa
doan dudng sfit xuygn Vift ch^y qua dia
phfin tinh Phfl Yen chu yiu dUa trSn ket
qua nghien cflu khao sfit cfla Dai uy Dunal
tiin hfinh tfl nfim 1900-1904 vdi chiiu dfii
hdn 100km vUpt qua hai day nfli Cfl Mdng,
Ddo Ca vfi nhiiu sdng, sudi (song Cfii, Dfi
R ^ g , Bftn Thyeh...). Den cuoi nfim 1928,
du an xfiy dflng dudng sfit di qua dia phfin
Phu Ydn dUdc phe duyft, dopn dudng sit cl
phia bic tinh Phfl Yen thiit k i chpy dpc
theo dudng lidn tinh Chf Thpnh - Phudc
Lanh, men theo sdng Cfii vft thung liing
sdng Co, vU0t qua duSng him Dfio Thi ^^n
Vfin Canh (Binh Dinh), dopn dudng sit nfiy
dfii trfin 30km, Km 1134 (ga Myc Thinh)
din Km 1171 (ga Chfnh Thanh) chay qua
cac ga Muc Thinh, PhUdc Lanh, La Hai, Hfi

B^ng, Phong Nign vft Chf Thanh. Dopn

dudng sit b vflng trung tfim tinh tfl Chf
Thpnh din Tuy Hda (tfl Km 1171 din Km
1198) dupc xfiy dung dpc theo dudng thufc
dja, di qua cfic ga vfi nhfi chd Pbfl Tan, My
Phu, Hda Da, Chfnh Nghia, Minh Chfnh vfi
Tuy Hda. Din dopn dutfng sit 5 phfa nam
tinh di qua 2 cfla sdng ldn Dft R^ng vft Dfi
Ndng, dfc bift phai di qua day nui Dgo Ca,
ngudi Phfip da xfiy di^g 3 cfiy ciu bfic qua
adng Chfla, Dfi Ring vfi Bftn Thpeh, dUdc
thiit k i dflng chung cho dudng bd vfi doan
dudng sit ehui qua 7 dudng him tai vflng
nui Dai Lanh vft mdt dUdng him dfti trln
1km vupt qua day nfli Dfio Ca (12). Din
ngfty 2-9-1936, tuyin dudng sfit Bic - Nam
lftm le ndi ray tai Km 1222 phfa nam ga Hao
Sdn. Hoat dfng vftn chuyin dudng sit qua
dia phftn Phfl Ydn chinh thflc tfl ngfiy 29-91936 vdi lich tfiu Hft Ndi - Tuy Hda vfi ngfiy
1-10-1936 chuyin tftu diu tidn tfl Hft Nfi
den ga Tuy Hda vfto luc 11 gid 30 phflt.
Vifc hoftn thfinh doan dfldng sit xuyen
Vift dfinh dft'u budc chuyin biin ldn trong
linh vUc giao thong ndi rieng vfi linh vUc
kinh t i - xa hfi Phfl Ydn ndi chung trong
giai dopn Phfip thudc, dich vy vfin tai
dudng sit vfi dudng bf phfit triin, mang lai
sU giao lUu kinh ti, vfin hofi, xa hfi vfi gifio
dye gifla Phfl Yen vdi cfic vflng miin trong
ca nUdc, tfl day Phfl Yen md rdng gftn kit
vdi cac xfl ben ngofti mft trUdc dfiy dupe

xem 1ft "mdt cdi phdng rdng ba bikin mifVi chinh sdch gido due, nfim 1922, ehinh
quyen Phfip cho xfiy dUng 2 trUdng Sd ding
Tilu hpc d Tuy Hda vft Tuy An. Ve sau do
nhu ciu chinh sfich khai thfic thufc dia vft
vi tri ngfty cftng quan trong eua dd thi Tuy
Hoft, tfl ban Phap cho md them 2 ldp Trung
ding Tilu hpc (ldp Nhi) vft Cao ding Tiiu
hoc (ldp Nhft't) fi Tuy Hda vfto nfim 1929,
ding thdi cae hpe ainh ci Tuy H6a vft Sdn
Hda sS tham dU k^ thi Iiy bing Ri me tai


Rghian ethi Hch sir, stf 3.2012
dfiy. Si^ kifn nfty dfinh dfi'u hf thing gifio
dye d Tuy Hda ngang bing vdi hf thing gifio
dye b tinh ly Sdng Ciu. Thdi k^ nfty, b Phfl
Yin cd 2 trUdng t i chflc thi Ifi'y bing So hpc
yiu lupc vft Sd ding Turn hpc Phfip - Vift
gim tntdng Tiiu hoc Sdng Ciu (Sdng Clu)
vfi Tilu hoc Tuy Hoft (phu Tuy Hofi), ngofti
ra edn trUdng Sd ding Tilu hpc Tuy An cflng
t i chflc kf thi Ifi'y bing Sd hpc yiu lUpc. Sau
khi tit nghifp trUJng Tilu hpc toftn cfi'p, cfic
hpc sinh Phfl Ydn muin hpc lfin bfc Trung
hpc phai ra Bmh Djnh, theo hpc tyi trudng
Cao ding Tilu hpe Qui Nhdn (CoUdgo Qui
Nhdn).
Vi dia ly nhdn vdn, mft yiu ticung gdp
phin quan trpng vfto si^ dich chuyin khing
gian phfit triln kinh t i - xft hfi Phfl Ydn tfl

sau nfim 1921, dd 1ft trfn bfio nfim Gifip T^
(23-10-1924). Trong tfic phim Bia dii tinh
Phu Yen, hai tfic gia Trin Si vft Nguyin
Dinh Cim dft md ta vi diln biin edn bao
nfty nhu mdt trfin sdng thin. Chflng tdi xin
trich Ipi nhflng ghi ehfip cua hai dng vi cdn
bao dac bift nfiy: "Dfi ba ngay trdi mUa t i m
ta. Nudc sdng Tam Giang len qua cao. Toi
22 thang 10, mUa cftng to, trdi den nhu
mUc, gid bit diu thii dfl. 12 gid khuya,
mUa ngdt nhUng gid thdi cftng manh, mpi
ngudi diu sd cd cdn bfio to". Vft vfto bud'i
sang ngfty 23-10: "Nudc biin cfl theo chfin
trang vfto. Ngon gid ndm nhfi nh^ dUa vfio.
Ai nfi'y diu la to: nUde dfing. Thinh linh
nghe mft tiing rim rfi't ldn, rii tfl dd gid
thoi manh, mpnh xfip mfi'y lin ban dfim.
Nudc cfl dang mfii, dfing mft each mau
chdng lp thUdng". Hf qua 1ft Sdng Ciu bi
tftn pha nghiem trpng: 'Thftnh p h i Sdng
Ciu khi xUa dpp biet bao, mft bfiy gid, cfiy
gay, ciu trdi, nhft sfip, ngUdi vft thfl vftt

chit khdng chd chfln, kl sing sdt khflng
cdm fin fio mfe, trong gifiy phflt mfi dfi
thfinh mft canh didu tfin thfi tham" (13).
Cdn bfio Gifip T^ dfi tfic dfng din nhflng
dii thay vl mpi mft b tinh ly Sdng Ciu.
Sau nfim 1924, mft lfin sdng di dfin cua
ngudi Hoa vfio Tuy Hda, ndn dfin so d dfiy

tfing ldn vl mfit cd hpc. S\^ di cU eua ngfldi
Hoa da t i e dfng khflng nhd din si^ phfit
triln Clia Tuy Hda vfi BV tftn tyi cua Sflng
Ciu, Vung Lim. Nhflng thay doi vi mfit
dia 1^ nhfin vftn cung tac dfng khdng nhd
din phfit triln mft vflng dftt. Qua vifc
phfin tfch nfty gpi md cho chflng ta nhiiu
hudng nghidn cflu vft dfinh gia vi sU phat
trien eua vflng dfi't Phfl Yen.
3. Ket lueln
Qua vifc phfin tfch vi si^ thay doi khing
gian phat triln kinh t i - xfi hgi cl Phfl Ydn
tfl nfim 1887 - 1945, chung ta nh^n thfi'y rd
BU thay dii nfi tai trong khing gian phfit
trien kinh t i - xfi hfi b Phfl Yen, d6 1ft dich
chuyin eua hai trung tfim ldn trong thdi
Phfip thupc. Sy dich chuyin nfiy the hifn
hudng kinh t i phfit triln vi phia nam b
Phfl Yen. Nhflng nhfin t i d&n din sU dich
chuyin nfty, nim trong npi tai lfin nhflng
tfic dfng ngopi tai dUa din sU di chuyin
mang tfnh chfi't budc ngofit b Phfl Yfn.
Sdng Ciu phfit triln kinh t i theo hUdng
dich vy vfn tai bien vfi xufi't khiu, phfl hpp
vdl cfic chinh afich cua Phfip, nen trong cd
cft'u kinh t i Phfl Ydn thdi k^ 1887-1921 1ft
yiu to dieh vy, xufi't khiu vft cang biin
quyit dinh. Ki tfl sau nftm 1921, Tuy Hda
trd thftnh trung tam kinh t i - vftn hda b
Phu Yfin, nen trong cd cft'u kinh t i b Phu

Yen, yiu to then chit 1ft ndng nghifp vdi
hai cfiy trong: cfiy Ma vft cfiy mia.


TC sOng Cdu dgn Tuy Ijda - sy thay ddt..
CHU THICH
(1). Chung toi dSn theo tfic ph£m cua Tr£n Si,
Nguyin Mnh Cim. Dia dU tinh Phi Yin. tr. 34 vft
theo b&i vi^t Hi thdng chinh quyin vd chinh sdch
cai tri cua thgc ddn Phdp d Phu Yin (tit 1887 din
ddu nhiing ndm XX), T^p cU Khoa h9c xS hfi, a6
4/2008.
(2). Chiing t6i cftn cul vfto Paris. C, "Voyage
d'exploration de Hue en Coehinchine par la route
mandarine". Bulletin admimsstratif de TAnnam,
Emeat Leroux, Paria, 1898, p.l71.
(3). Theo chiing tfii vinh Xufin Dfti raft cfing ail
Tirant nhftc cl dfiy 1ft vinh Xufin Dfti bfiy gi6, n6 bao
gom cfic cang Vung Utm, bfti Tifin Chfiu, cang
Song CSu,...
(4). D&n trong bfti viS't cua tac gia. A. Laborde
(1929), La province de Phu Yen, BAVH, T&p 16, eo
4, (Knh Phii Yen), Ban dich, Thuftn H6a, 2003. tr.
438.
(5). Tong hdp tii cfic ban bfio cfio cua Cong sii
Phii Yen: Rapport tconomique province de Phu
Yen, ann^e 1904-1909.
(6). D5n trong Rapport Economique province de
Phu Yen, ann6e 1900, 1901.
(7). Tong hop tu cfic ban bao cfio ciia Cong afl

Phii Yen: Rapport Economique province de Phu
Yen, annfie 1906-1908.

(8). ('Province de Binh Dinh",
general de L'indochine, anfie 1918).

Annuaire

(9), Chung t6i tS'ng hi?p tCr bfio cfio vifc xfiy
dyng dfip Thuy n6ng Tuy Hfia lfin Sfl thuy
nfing Dflng DuOng. Irrigations du Phu Yen
(R4seau de Tuy Hoa), Hy draulique agricole en
Indochine, annefi 1932, Ha Noi, NgUcli djch ky
B\l NguySn Trong Giai, H? thong thuy nfing
Tuy H6a.
(10). Theo tfic phjim Massif de Phu Yen (Dilu
kifn ty nhien tinh Phd Yfin) dfing tr6n T^p chf
Indochine du Sud nftm 1928.
(11). DSn trong tfic phim Nhd mdy ditdng Tuy
Hba • NhOng chang duifng lich sit.. Chfnh tri Quoc
gia, HfiN$i, 1999.
(12). Chung toi tdng hOp tii cfic vfin ban lUu triJ
hfinh chinh ciia chinh quyln Phfip: Chemin de fer:
Khanh Hoa - Tourane - Hue, Phan Thiet. Main
d'oeuvre • Indeminite de deguerrissement. Rapport
des cheyaa de mission d'etude. 1901-1903.
RSA/HC 594; Projet de classement des routes
d'accis au gares du chemin de fer. 1936. RSA/HC
3327.
(13). D5n trong tfic philm cua Trin Si vft

NguySn Dinh Cim. Dia dU tinh Phd Yin. Qui
Nhon, 1937, tr. 10.