Trắc nghiệm lịch sử 12 phần 2

C a u 39. Y nghTa co- ban nhat ciia chien thSng !jch sir D i f n Bien Phu 1954 la gi?
A . Thang Igi lofn nhat, oanh liet nhat tieu bieu cho tinh than chien dau anh hung,
bat khuat ciia dan toe ta trong cuoc khang chi8n chong thuc dan Phap va can
thiep MT.
B. Duoc ghi vac Ijch su dan toe nhu mot Bach DSng, mot Chi Lang, mot D6ni>
• Da cua the k i X X .
C. Gop phan lam tan ra he thdng thuoc dia cua chu nghTa 6& qu6c.
D. Co v i i cac dan toe bj ap buc dung len t u dSu tranh giai phong minh.
C a u 40. V i sao ket thiic thSng loi chien djch Dien Bien Phu ta thu toan bo vfl
khi va CO-SO" vat chat k l thuat ciia djch?
A . V i djch khong van chuyen kjp.
B. V i each xa hau cii' dich.
C. V i djch bj tieu diet va bat song hoan toan.
D . Tat ca ly do tren.
C a u 41. C h i l n thSng nao quyet djnh thing loi cua Hoi nghj Gio-ne-vo"?
A . ChiSn thSng Bien gioi.
B. Chign thang Tay B i c .
C. C h i l n thang Dong Xuan 1953-1954. D . Chien thSng Dien Bien Phu 1954.
C a u 42. Hoi nghj Gio-'ne-vo' ban vk viec cham dut chien tranh lap lai hoa binh
o- Dong Duo-ng hop tir ngay nao?
A . Ngay 26-4-1954.
B. Ngay 1-5-1954.
C. Ngay 7-5-1954.
D. Ngay 8-5-1954.
C a u 43. Hoi nghi Gio-ne-vo- khai mac theo quyet djnh ciia hoi nghj ngoai
trnffng 4 ntfoc nao?
A . MT, A n h , Phap, Due.
B. Lien X 6 , MT, A n h . Phap.
C. Lien X6, Viet Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chia.
D. Lien X6, MT, Phap, Viet Nam.
C a u 44. T h a m dii hoi nghj Giffnevo've Dong Du-o-ng gom c6 nhirng nuffc nao?

A . MT, A n h , Phap, Viet Nam, Lien X6.
B. Lien X6, Viet N a m , Lao, MT, Phap.
C. Lien X6, Trung Qu6c, Viet Nam, MT, A n h , Phap.
D. Lien X6, Viet Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chia, MT, Phap.
C a u 45. Hiep djnh Gionevo' la van ban phap ly quoc te ghi nhan:
A . Quyen dugc huang doc lap, tir do ciia nhan dan cac nuac Dong Duong.
B. Cac quyen dan toe ca ban ciia nhan dan cac nuac Dong Duong.
C. Quyen to chuc Tong t u y i n cir t u do.
D. Quyen chuyen quan tap kk theo g i o i t u y e n quan su tarn t h a i .
C a u 46. Nguyen nhan c a ban nhat quyet djnh su- thing loi cuoc khang chien
chong thu-c dan Phap (1945-1954)?
A . Su lanh dao sang suot cua Dang di'mg 6au la Chu tjch H6 C h i M i n h voi
dirong loi chinh t r j , quan su, khang chien dung dan.
B. Truyen thong yeu nuac, anh hung bk khuat cua dan tgc.
C. Co hau phuong vung chac va khoi doan ket toan dan.
D . Tinh doan ket chien dau cua nhan dan 3 nuac Dong Duong va su ung ho cua
nhan dan tidn bo th^ g i a i .

^gu 47. Hay no! thoi gian o- cot A vol sy kien & cot B cho phii ho-p
B

777-5-1953

A . Ta tan cdng dich a Bhc Tay Nguyen.

2. 9-1953
3. 20-11-1953

C. Tuong Do-cat To-ri ra hang.

B. Ta ma 1 dot t i n cong djch a Dien Bien Phu.
D. Dot tan cong t h u 3 a Dien Bien Phii bac dau.

4. 2-1954
5. 13-3-1954
6.26-4-1954
7. 1-5-1954

E. Nava dugc cu lam t6ng chi huy quan doi
phap a Dong Duong.
F. Nava cho quan nhay du xu6ng Dien Bien Phu.
G. K^t thiic dot 2 chien dich Dien Bien Phii

8. 8-5-1954
9. 21-7-1954

H . Hiep dinh Gioneva dugc k i ket.

10. 17 gia 30 ngay 7-5-1954

I . Hoi nghj GioTieva dugc khai mac.
K. Hoi nghj Bg chinh trj T W Dang.

D A P A N C A U H O I T R A C N G H I E M B A I 11
1. B

2.C

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. B

7. C

8. A

9.C

10. D l l . C 12. B 13. A 14. B

15. 1 : C , 2 : 1,3: B , 4 : H , 5: D, 6: K, 7: A , 8: L . 9: F, 10: E.C
16. 1: A , B, D, E.
17.

2: C

A . chuyen bai thanh thang.
B. giu the phong ngu chien luge a mikn Bic, tien cong chien luge mien Nam.
C. tir miia thu 1954.

18. D 19. D 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D
28.C 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. C
37. A . Chien cuoc Dong xuan 1953-1954; B. Chien dich Dien Bien Phu.
38. D 39. A 40. C 41. D 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. A
47. 1 : E , 2 K , 3 : F , 4 : A , 5 : B , 6 : G , 7 : D , 8 : 1 , 9 : H , 10: C.

NIEN DAI - Sir K I E N L I C H SlT V I E T NAM (1945 - 1954)
- 3/9/1945: H o i dong Chinh phu lam thai hop phien dSu tien dual sir chu toa cua
Chu tjch Ho C h i M i n h da de ra 6 nhiem vu cap bach truac mat phai lam ngay,
nham xay dyng va bao ve chinh quyen each mang vua gianh dugc.
- 23/9/1945: Thuc dan Phap danh chiem Sai Gon, nhan dan Nam Bg, Nam
Trung Bg dung len danh Phap, tien hanh cuoc khang chien lau dai ch6ng thuc dan
Phap xam luge.
- 25/11/1945: Ban chap hanh Trung uang Dang Cgng san Dong Duang ra chi
thj "khang chi8n - kien quoc".
- 6/1/1946: T6ng tuyen cu hku Quoc hgi dau tien sau t h i n g Igi each mang thang
Tarn 1945 t6 chuc trong ca nuac.

140

141


- 2/3/1946: Qu6c hoi khoa I hpp ky dku tien thong qua danh sach Chinh phu
Lien hiep chinh thii'c do Ho Chf Minh lam chu tich.
- 6/3/1946: Hiep dinh so bo ve Viet Nam ky ket tai Ha Noi giCra dai dien hai
Chinh phi'i Viet Nam dan chu cong hoa va Cong hoa Phap.
- 29/5/1946: Hoi lien hiep quoc dan Viet Nam (Hoi Lien Viet) duoc thanh lap.
- 31/5 den 20/10/1946: Chu tjch H6 Chi Minh tham nuoc Phap vol tu each
thuong khach cua Chinh phii Phap.
- 7/1946: Dang Xa hoi Viet Nam thanh lap va tham gia Hoi Lien Viet.
- 14/9/1946: Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ky voi dai dien chi'nh ciia Phap Tam uoc tai Pari
- 9/11/1946: Ky hop thu 2 Quoc hoi khoa I thong qua Hien phap dau tien ciia
nu'dc Viet Nam Dan chu cong hoa.
*
- 18 - 19/12/1946: Tra loi t6i hau thu ngay 18/12 ciia Phap buoc ta dau hang,

Ban thuong vu Trung uong Dang Cong san Dong Duong hop a xa Ha Dong diroi
sir chu toa cua Chii tjch H6 Chi Minh, da quyet dinh toan quoc khang chien chong
thirc dan Phap xam luge.
- 19/12/1946: Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh ra "Loi keu goi toan quoc khang chien", va
cuoc khang toan quoc biing no vao liic 20 gia ngay 19/12 a Ha Noi.
- 19/12/1946 dd^n 17/2/1947: Ha Noi va cac do thi phia BSc (vT tuyen 16 tro ra)
chien dau ma dau cuoc khang chien toan quoc chong thuc dan Phap xam luge.
- 7/10 d^n 19/12/1947: ChiSn djch Viet Bk thu dong 1947.
- 14/1/1950: Chii tich Ho Chi Minh thay mat Chinh phu nuoc Viet Nam dan chii
cong hoa tuyen bo san sang dat quan he ngoai giao vai cac nirac... Sau lai tuyen
bo do, CO nhieu nuoc cong nhan va dat quan he ngoai giao voi Chinh phii Viet Nam
Dan chii Cong hoa: Trung Quoc (1981) Lien X6 (31/1)...
- 16/9 dgn 22/10/1950: Chifin dich Bien giai thu - dong 1950.
- 11 den 19/2/1951: Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thu II ciia Dang Cong san Dong
Duong hop a Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang) la "Dai hoi khang chien th§ng Igi". Dai hoi
doi ten thanh Dang Lao dong Viet Nam, bau Ho Chi Minh lam chii tjch Dang.
- 3/3/1951: Dai bieu Viet Minh va Hoi Lien Viet hop Dai hoi thong nhat thanh mot
m a i tran duy nhat lay ten la Mat tran Lien hiep quoc dan Viet Nam (Mat tran Lien Viet).
- 13/3 den 7/5/1954: Chien djch Hch sir Dien Bien Phu.
- 8/5 den 21/7/1954: Hgi nghj quoc te Gianeva (hgp 26/4) ban giai phap cham
diit chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh a Dong Duong.
- 21/7/1954: Hiep dinh Gioneva ve cham diit chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh 6
Dong Duong.
- 10/10/1954: Quan dgi xam luge Phap rut khoi Ha Noi, ciing ngay quan dgi
Viet Nam tien vao tiep quan thu do.

142

Chupcng V
C A C H M A N G X A H O I C H U N G H T A (y MIEN B A G V A

C A C H M A N G D A N T6C

DAN C H U NHAN DAN C

MIE

NAM', D A U T R A N H T H 6 N G N H A T D A T NU'6'C
(1954-1975)
Bai 12
T I N H H I N H V I E T N A M S A U H I E P DINM G I O N E V O 1954
VA N H I E M V U C A C H M ^ N G T R O N G T H O l K I M O I (1954-1975)
1, Oac dilni tinh hinh nuoc ta sau Hiep dinh Gionevo' 1954
Sail thang Igi cua cuoc khang chi6n chong thuc dan Phap, nuoc ta dung trirac
tinh hinh moi. Dat nuoc tarn thai chia cat hai mien voi hai chd do chinh trj - xa hoi
khac nhau:
* Miin BSIC: Sau khi tidp quan thanh pho, chan dung cac am muu pha hoai cua de
qu6c MT va tay sai, diroi sir lanh dao ciia Dang, nhan dan lao dong da khan truong
han gan v^t thuong chien tranh, khoi phiic kinh te va buoc dSu phat trien van hoa,
chuan bj nhirng di^u kien can thiet de tien hanh each mang xa hgi chii nghTa.
* Mien Nam: Lgi dung su that bai cua Phap, de qu6c MT da nhay vao Mien
Nam, dua tap doan phan dgngNgo Dinh Diem len nam chinh qiiyen, hat cang Phap
va tap trung tieii diet phong trao each mang mien Nam voi y do chia cat lau dai dat
nuoc ta, bien mien Nam thanh thuoe dja kieu mai va can cu quan sir cua MT. V i
vay, dong bao mien Nam tiep tuc tien hanh cuoc dau tranh each mang chong lai
cuoc chiSn tranh xam luge cua de quoc MT va be lu tay sai.
Tru'o'c buoc ngoat quan trgng cua each mang, Dang ta kjp thoi de ra dirong !6i
chien luge phu hgp d l lanh dao nhan dan ca nirac tien len gianh thang Igi moi.
Duong I6i chi^n luge nay dugc cu th6 hoa va hoan thien o Dai hgi dai bieu toan
quoc Ian HI cua Dang.
2. Nhiem vu cacli mang Viet Nam trong thoi lii moi

* Miin Bdc: Tien hanh each mang xa hgi chii nghTa va xay dung chii nghTa .'.5
'ipi nham cai tao ve can ban ca cSu kinh
- xa hgi, xay dirng che do xa hgi moi,
len kinh li van hoa va con ngiroi moi xa hgi chii nghTa, dii sire lam hau thuin viing
chac cho cuoc dau tranh each mang ciia dong bao mien Nam.
* Mien Nam: Tiep tuc hoan thanh each mang dan tgc dan chii nhan dan, danh do
^ch thong trj ciia be ID de quoc MT va tay sai d l giai phong hoan toan mien Nam,
^Krc hien hoa binh th6ng nhat nuae nha.
Tuy thuc hien hai nhiem vii khac nhau, nhung nhiem vu each mang cua hai
"^O'c CO m6i quan he khSng kbit va tac dong thuong xuyen Ian nhau vi:
+ Dku thirc hien muc tieu c'hung la ti§n tai thirc hien hoa binh thong nhat
"Uoc nha:
+ Deu dat dirai su lanh dao thdng nhat ciia Dang.
143

i


+ Deu dugc tien hanh bang sue manh cua quAn chiing, each mang da duxx
ket trong dau tranh lau dai chong ngoai xam cua dan toe va quySt tarn theo D a i v i
may chuc nam qua.
CO

- Trong moi quan he do, each mang moi mien c6 vj tri quan trong cua minh;
+ Mien Bac dong vai tro quyet djnh nhat doi v6i sir phat triln each mang ca nuot
+ Mien Nam giir vai tro quyet dinh trite tiep d6i voi viec danh bai de quoc M i
va be 111 tay sai, gop phdn bao ve mien Bflc ti6n toi hoa binh thong nhSt d4t nuoc.
Niiu vay "Mot Dang thong nhk lanh dao mot nuoc tarn thoi bj chia cSt lam doi
tien hanh dong thai hai nhiem vu chien lu'oc i<.hac nhau, do la dac diem Ion nhSt va
cung la net doc dao ciia each mang nuoc ta".

Nhan thuc dung dac dilm nay, Dang ta da dk ra va lanh dao nhan dan ca nu-oc
tliirc hien duong loi: Ket hop, giuong cao hai ngon ca doc lap dan toe va chu nghla
xa hoi, dua su nghiep xay dirng chu nghTa xa hoi va chong MT ;iru nuoc cua dan
toe ta toi thang Igi ve vang.
CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM
Cau 1. Noi su kien a cot B cho phii hap voi thoi gian if cot A sau day
A

B

1. 10-• 10 - 1954

A. Phap riit quan khoi Ha Noi, quan ta tien vao tiep quan Thu do.

2. 01 • 01 - 1955

B. Tai quang truong Ba Dinh dien ra cupc mit tinh trpng th£
cua hang chuc van nhan dan Ha Noi chao mu'ng Trung irang
Dang, Cliinh phu va Chu tich H6 Chi Minh vk Thu do.

3. 16- 5 - 1955
4.22- 5 - 1955

C. Toan linh Phap eu6i cung rut khoi Hai Phong.
D. Toan linh Phap rut khoi Cat Ba, mien BSc nuoc ta hoan
toan giai phong.
Cau 2. Ngo Dinh Diem du-ffc MI dung len lam thu tu-tfng bii nhin o" mien Nam
Viet Nam de thay cho ai?
A. Thay cho Bao Dai.

B. Thay cho Buu Lpc.

C. Thay cho Dong Khanh.

D. Thay cho Duong Van Minh.

Cau 3. Nhiem vu nao sau day khong phai la nhifm vu ciia each mang mien
B^c sau 1954?
A. Tiep tiic thirc hien each mang dan toe, dan chu.
B. Tien hanh each mang xa hoi chii nghia.
C. DSu tranh eh6ng MT, Diem.
D. Cau A va C dung.
Cau 4. Nhiem vu cua each mang mien Nam sau 1954 la gi?
A. Tien hanh dAu tranh vu trangd^ danh bai chien tranh xam luge cua MT, Di^m.
B. Tien hanh cuoc each mang dan toe, dan chu.
C. Cung vai mien Bac tien hanh eong cupc xay dung chu nghTa xa hoi.
D. Khong phai cac nhiem vu tren.
144

. 5. C^ch mang mi^n Nam c6 vai tr6 nhu- the nao trong vi§c dAnh do iich
Ang
ciia de quoc MT v^ tay sai cua chung, giai phdng mikn Nam, thong
'li^tddtnutic?
" A. C6 vai tr6 quan trpng nhSt.
B. C6 vai tro ca b^n nhat.
^ . C- Co vai tr6 quyet djnh tr^rc tiSp.
D. C6 vai tr6 quyet djnh nhat.
6. T h i do HA N9i Hwifc giAi phong vao thoi gian n^o?
A. 10-10-1954.
B. 25 -10 -1555.

C. 12 - 12 - 1954.
D. 18 - 10 - 1954.
QjXi 7- Nhifm vij cua cAch m^ng mien BSc sau nSm 1954 Ik gi?
A. Dau tranh chong MT - Di^m.
B. TiSn hanh each m?ng dan tpc dan chii nhan dan.
C. Chuyen sang lam each m^ng xa hpi chu nghTa.
p. Khong phai cac nhiem vy tren.
Clu 8. Duong loi tM hi§n sy ssing t^o, dOc ddo cua Dang trong thoi ki chong
yBcitii nmic la gi?
A. Tien h^nh each m^ng xa hpi chu nghTa a mien BSc.
B. Tien hanh each mgng dan tpc dan chu nhan dan a mien Nam.
C. Ti6n hanh dong thdi each m^ng dan tpc dan chu a mien Nam va c^ch m^ng
xa hpi chti nghTa a mien BSc.
; D. Tat ca c&c dudng 16i tren.
Clu 9. Mien BSc hoan tohn duyc giai phdng \ko thoi gian n^o?
A. 10-10-1954
B. 16-5-1954
C. 10-10-1955
D. 16-5-1955
Cau 10. De quoc MT thyrc hi?n y do tham A Q C bien mien Nam thanh thuQC dja
Idlu m6i th^ hif n o" sur kif n n^o?
A. MT ep Phap dua Ngo Dinh Di^m len lam thu tirong (20-5-1954).
• B. U p khdi quan
SEATO, d^t mien Nam dual s\t bao trp cua khoi n^y.
"C. MT Di^m t6 chirc bau cu ri6ng le, l^p nu6c Vi^t Nam Cong hoa.
D. MT Di^m ho hao "BSC tien".'
Gftu 11. Thdi dO nio sau day cua Ngo Dinh Difm trong nhfing nSm 1954 ^ply \km cho nhan dan ta bat binh nhat?
|A. Tien hanh bau cu rieng le, phe truSt Bao D^i len l^m T6ng thong.
B. Tuyen b6 tgi Oa-sinh-tan: "Bien giat Hoa Ki Uo dh'i dSn vT tuyen 17".
C. Pha ho^i hi^p djnh Gia-ne-va.

|D.Thuchi^nchedp"Giadinhtri". •
u 12. Nhifm vy cua each m^ng Vift Nam tir sau 1954 lA gi?
A, Mien Bac hoan thanh cdch m^ng dan tpc dan chu nhan dan, xay dyng chu
nghTa xa hpi.
_
,
^
B. Mien Nam tiep tyc each m^ng dan tOc dan chu nhan dan, tien toi thong nhat
nu'dc nh^.
145


C . A va B dung.
D . A v a B sai.

C a u 13. Nhiem vu co' ban nhat cua each mang n u w ta sau 1954 la gi?
A. Xay dung C N X H a mikn Bhc, lio t r g cho each mang mien Nam.
B. Tien hanh each mang dan tpc dan chu a mien Nam chong MT-Nguy
C. Mien BSc xay dung C N X H , mien Nam tien hanh each mang dan toe dan ch
tien tai thong nhat nude nha,
^
D. Mien BSc xay dirng C N X H , chi vien cho mien Nam, mien Nam tien hanh cacf
mang dan chu nhan dan, bao ve mien BSc, thuc hien thong nhat nude nha.

D A P A N C A U H O I T R A C N G H I E M B A I 12
1. 1: A , 2 : C , 3 : B , 4 : D .
2. B

3. D

4. B

5.C

6. A

7. C

8.C

9. D

10. C

11. B

12. C

13. D

•1 Cong cuoc khoi phuc kinh te
Cong cuoc khoi phuc kinh tg, han g i n vet thuang chien tranh la nhiem vu tat y l u
trong thai ky dau sau chien tranh, duoc thuc hien trong t4t ca cac nganh kinh te.
Trong nong nghiep: Khai k h i n ruong dat hoang, cay c^y hk dien tich, tang
them dan trau bd, sSm them nong cu, sua chua he thdng de dieu.
E)en cuoi nam 1957 san lugng nong nghiep vugt miic trude chien tranh. Giai
quy^t can ban nan ddi kinh nien d mien Bac.
Trong cong nghiep: Khoi phuc va md rong cac ca sd san xuat, xay dung them
^ ^ t s d N h a may m d i .
- Den cuoi nam 1957 cd 97 x i nghiep do Nha nude quan ly.

Trong giao thdng van tai: Khoi phuc 700Km dudng sat, sua ehu'a va lam mdi
hang ngan K m dudng d to, xay dyng va m d rgng them nhieu cang, khai thdng
dudng hang khdng dan dung quoc te.
Cac nganh thu cong nghiep, thuong nghiep nhanh ehdng phuc hoi, san xuat
them nhi^u hang tieu dung, dam bao cho nhu ck\i thieu ciia ddi song, giai quyet
phan nao viec lam cho ngudi lao dong.
3, Cai tao xa hoi chu nghia va bu-oc dau phat triin kinh te van hoa (1958 - 1960)

Bails
C A C H M A N G X A H O I C H U N G H I A Of M I E N B A C V A C A C H
M A N G D A N T O C D A N C H U N H A N D A N 6 M I E N N A M (1954-1965)
I. M I E N B A C HOAN THANH C A I C A C H RUONG DAT, K H O I PHUC
K I N H T E , C A I T A G X A HOI CHU NGHIA
1. T h y c trang kinh te - xa hoi mien Bkc sau 1954
- iS4ien Bac duoc giai phong nhung phai chju hau qua nang ne cua chien tranli
va che do thyc dan phong kien.
+ 0 nong thon, nhieu ruong dat bi bo hoang, de dap bi pha hoai, trau bo bj
giet hai, kT thuat canh tac lac hau, ddi song nhan dan thkp kem.
+ 6 thanh pho, san \iik chi chiem vj t r i thir yeu, ca sd kinh te nho be. Nhieu
nha may, x i nghi?p bj thao go hoac bj pha hoai. Cong nhan bj that nghi^p, ddi s6ng
khd khan.
+ Ci cac vung tir do, tuy cong nghiep va npng nghiep dugc chu y, nhung qu)
mo van rat nhd be, kT thuat con lac hau.
2. Mien BSc hoan thanh cai each ruong dat (1954-1957)
Trong hon 2 nam (1954 - 1956) mien Bkc tien hanh 4 dot cai each ruong dk.
Tinh chung toan bo 5 dot (1 dgt vao nam 1953), each mang da 1% dugc t u t^i"
chu hon 81 van hecta ruong dat, 10 van trau bd, 2 trieu nong cu dem chia cho nong
dan ngheo, thuc hi^n triet de khSu hi^u " N g u d i cay cd rugrig". Nong dan duV'^
hoan toan giai phong t r d thanh ngudi chu d nong thon.
Trong thirc hi^n cai each ruong dat, da pham mot sd sai lam: dau t6 tran Ian, thi^i'

phan biet ddi xir, dau to ca dja chu khang chien, nhung ngudi thugc tang Idp tren t-'''
cong vdi each mang, qui nham thanh dja chu mot sd nong dan, can bg, dang vien.
Dang ta tien hanh sua sai trong suot nam 1957, nhd do han chi bdt hau qua sai 1'^'"
, 146

a. Cai tao xa Itpi chu nghia
Cai tao xa hgi chu nghTa ddi vdi nong nghiep, thu cong nghiep, thuang nghiep
nhd, cong thuong nghiep t u ban t u doanh. Khau chi'nh la hgp tac hda nong nghiep.
KhSp mien Bic-sdi ndi van dong xay dung hgp tac xa. DSn cuoi nam, 1960 cd
85% hg nong dan, 68% d i e n j i c h d4t vao hgp tac xa nong nghiep, 87,9% thg thu
cong, 45% sd ngudi buon ban nhd vao hgp tac xa, hon 97% sd hg t u san vao cong
tu hgp doanh, mot bd phan ngudi buon ban nhd chuyen sang san xuat hoac trd
thanh mau djch vien.
Ket qua dat dugc trong cai tao xa hgi chu nghTa da cd tac dung thuc day san
xuat, bao dam dugc nhung di^u kien vat chat, tinh th4n, chinh tri cho bd phan tham
• gia chien dau, phuc vu cho chien dau.
«
Trong cai tao xa hgi chii nghTa da pham mot so sai lam: Dong nhat cai tao vdi xoa
%d, xoa bd vdi vang nhanh ehdng. Khdng thuc hien dSy dii nguyen tac t u nguyen nen
khdng phat huy dugc tinh chu dong sang tao cua quan chung, khdng tao dugc dong
| V c manh me, thuc day sir phat t r i l n nang dong cua nen kinh t6, xa hgi.
V b. Bif&c dhu pitdt trien kinit te - van lioa
Ddng thai vdi cai tao, mien BSe thuc hien nhiem vu day manh san xuat nong
fighi^p va cong nghiep, l4y san xuSt nong nghiep lam khau chinh, chu yeu nham
;iai q u y l t van de luong thuc. Chu trgng phat trien cong nghiep, tang them cac tu
i?u san xuat va giai quyet phan Idn hang tieu dung.
, Trong phat t r i l n kinh te, trgng tam la kinh te qude doanh. Den nam 1960 cd 172
»j nghiep do Nha nude quan ly, han 500 x i nghiep cong nghiep dja phuong. Tdng
ian luo-ng cong nghiep qudc doanh t u 10,8 (1955) tang len 52,4 (1960).
^

Ve giao due, den cuoi 1960, mi^n BSc can ban xoa xong nan mu chu d mien
^udi cho nhung ngudi dudi 50 tudi. Sd hoc sinh phd thdng tang 80% so vdi nam
| ' 9 5 7 . Mian B k cd 9 trudng Dai hgc vdi 11.000 sinh vien. D d i sdng van hda cua
an dan lao ddng dugc nang len, cong tac ve sinh phdng djch cd tien bg.
147


I I . MifeN N A M D A U T R A N H C H 6 N G C H £ D O M I - D I £ M

C U N G C()

- Thyc hi?n nhiSu cai each kinh t6 nham b i l n miSn Nam thanh thj truang tieu thu.

Tu' cuoi 1957 t r d di cu^c dau tranh trd nen v6 cung quyet li#t, ch6ng c&c chien
dJch "to cgng", " d i ^ t cgng" va d^o lu$t 10.59 ciia MT - Di#m. Khdng chi dau tranh
chinh tri don thuAn, dong bao ta d mien Nam budc dau diing hinh thuc dau tranh vu
trang d^ giCi' g ' " va phdt trien phong trao.
. Cuoi nam 1959, mgt s6 cugc khdj ngliTa tiing phan da no ra d nhieu noi theo
(jirdng 16i each m^ng b^o lyc ma Dang da v^ch ra trong Nghj quyet 15, ma dfiu la
cugc khd\a a Tra B6ng (8/1959). Sang ddu 1960 phong tr^o " D o n g K h d i "
phat t r i l n ram rg khSp n6ng thon mien Nam ma 1a cb dau la Ben Tre (17/1/1960).
CuQC " D o n g K h d i " vT dgi bang lyc lugng chinh trj quan chijng la chu yeu da d i n
sy ra ddi ciia M§t tr^n dan tgc giai phong mien Nam V i $ t N a m (20/12/1960) va
lani pha san hoan toan chinh sach dan ap khung bo mang tinh chit "chii§n tranh mgt
phfa" cua de quoc MT.

- Danh uu tien cho hang h6a va v6n dau tu ciia MT vao phat trien kinh te mien Nam,

N h u v§y, t u nam 1954 den 1960 c&ch mang mien Nam phat t r i l n tir ch6 chi

H 6 A B I N H , TifeN T O T C U O C " D 6 N G K H C H " (1959-1960)

1. Che aO M l - Dif m 6' mien Nam V i f t Nam
That b^i trong am mini keo dai ya ma rpng chien tranh a Dong Duong, de qu(\
MT thvic hi$n "lap ch6 trong " a mien Nam Vi^t Nam.
Tu6fng Colin dirge c u lam d^i sir MT a mien Nam mang theo ke ho^ch gom 6 di^in
- Hat cSng Phap va cdc lyc lugng than Ph^p de dpc chiem mien N a m .
- Tieu dift l^c lugng each m^ng, pha ho^i Hi^p dinh Gianeva, chia ck mikn Nam.
- Giiip ,Di§m xay dyng ehinh quyen "hgp phap" dung dugc tren th6 ba chan
chinh t r j , k i n h t e , quan sy.
- Giup Diem xay d\mg "quan doi quoc gia" gom ca ve trang bj ya h u l n luyen.

Thong qua chinh quven va quan dgi tay sai, MT thyc hien am muu bien mien
Nam thanh thugc dja kieu moi va c5n cu quan sy, dung mien Nam lam ban d^p ticn
cong mien bSc, ng&n chang Ian song each mang a Dong Nam A .
Ve phia Di^m, giOa njlm 1954 Diem lap ra "Dang can lao nhan v j " . Cuoi nam
1954, chung to chuc "Phong trao each m^ng qu6c gia" vai npi dung nhSm "chong
cgng", "da thye", "bai phong".
Tij' nam 1955, t^p doan Ngo Dinh Di^m ma chien djch "to cgng" "di?t cgng"
tren toan mien Nam va coi day la "quoc sdch". Chung td chijc hang lo^t cugc va\
bat, tan sat, bo tu nhung nguoi khang chien cu. V 6 i phuong cham tieu di?t cong
san khong thuong tiec, "tha giet nham con han bo s6t", MT - Di^m dung hinh thuc
giet nguo'i man r g th6i trung c6.
MT - Di^m c6n thi hanh chuang trinh "cai cdch dien dja" nham l l y l^i rugng diii
ma each m^ng giao cho nong dan.
Ban c h i t cua MT- Di?m con Ig r6 trong hang lo^t hanh dgng chong nhan dan.
Tieu bieu 1^ vy am sat a Chg Dugc (Quang Nam) lam 39 nguoi chat, 37 nguoi hi
thirang vao ngay 4-9-1954; vy tra thu nh&ng nguai kh^ng c h i l n cu a xa VTnh Trinh
(Duy Xuyen, Quang Nam); vy tri?t h^ a Huang Dien (Quang T r j ) ; vy dSu dgc mcVi
luc 6000 nguai a Phi'i L g i (Sai Gon).

dung dau tranh chfnh trj len d i n dau tranh chinh trj c6 dSu tranh vu trang ho trg,
vdi cugc " D o n g khd'i" 1960 each m^ng da phat triSn thAnh cao trao, gianh ket qua
bet sire to Ian.
Qua trinh dau tranh c i c h mang 1954 - 1960 chung td sy nh^y b6n, s i n g suot
^iia Dang, ban ITnh each m^ng kien cudng cua qukn chung mien Nam va sy d y bao
thang lgi hoan toAn la tat yeu ciia sy nghi^p ctiong MT cuu nude.
3. Phong tr^o " D 6 n g k h o f 1959-1960

a. Nguyen nhdn
• - De qu6c MT xSm luge mien N a m , cha dap trang trgn len nguy^n vgng hoa
binh thong nhat To quoc cua nhan dan ta, xfim ph^m thd bao dgc lap t y do cua To
^6c ta lam cho xa h^i mien Nam xu4t hi^n hai mau t h u i n ca ban: Mau t h u i n toan
the nhan dan mien Nam vdi de quoc MT va tay sai. Mau thuan gi&a nhan dan mien
Nam (nhat la nong dan) vdi bgn dja chii phong kien.
Trudc phong trao dau tranh chinh trj cua quan chung nhan dan mien Nam, MT
Di^m ngay cang m d rgng c h i i n dich " T o cgng", "Di?t cgng", tSng cudng dan ap
^ u n g bo thong qua Lu^t 10/59, le may ch6m khap mien Nam, giet hai hang lo^t
i v6 tgi v d i k h l u hi?u: "Tha ban lam han bd sdt".

2. Dau tranh chong che 6Q MT - Di^tn, cung c6 hda binh
- M a dau la phong trao hoa binh cua tri thuc va cac tang Idp nhan dan Sai Gon
Chg L6n n6 ra vao 8/1954. QuSn chiing da t6 chuc nhieu cugc mit tinh, bieu tinh.
hgi hgp dl ch^o inijng ngay hgi cua dat nude, yeu cku MT - Di^m thi hanh nghiem
chinh Hi0p djnh Gianeva.

- Chinh sach cai trj cua MT - Di?m lam cho cdch m^ng mien N a m bj tdn that

- Nam 1955 - 1956 da lien tyc n6 ra nhttng cugc dau tranh soi noi, r^m rg va doi
hi^p thuong tdng tuy6n cu', doi thong nhat dat nuac, chong cac tro he " T r u n g can

dan y " va "bau cu Quoc hOi" cua Ngo Dinh Di?m doi cac quyen t y do dan chu.
chong "cai each dien d i a " gia hi?u, bao v^ nh&ng quyen lgi do each m?ng dem laiNgay 1/5/1956 c6 15 v^n cong nhan va nhan dan Sai G6n mit tinh, bieu tinh. Ngay
1/5/1957 han 50 v^n cong nhan, nhan dan lao dpng mien Nam dau tranh ky ni^m
ngay Quoc te lao dgng.

- Dap img yeu cau ciia phong trao quan chung, Hgi nghj T W Dang Ian thu 15

148

g lie, nhieu ca sd each m^ng bj tan v5, nhieu cdn bg Dang vien b[ bat, bj giam
va gik

h^i. Tinh hinh do cang lam cho phong trao dau tranh ngay cang len

t r d thanh mgt con bao tap each mang.
g 1/1959) da xac djnh phuong hudng ca ban cua each mang mien Nam la: Khdi
Ta gianh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan bang lyc lugng chinh trj cua quan chung la
yeu ket hgp vdi dau tranh vQ trang de danh do ach thong trj cua MT - D i f i n .
^

qua Gua nh&ng nguySn nhan sau xa va tryc tiep ndi tren la sy bung n6 phong
Dong K h d i 1 9 5 9 - 1 9 6 0 .
149


pAI H O I T O A N Q U 6 C L A NTHU' I H C U A DANG, M I E N B A C THlTC

b. Dien bien cua phong trao

N K E

- Duoc Nghj quySt 15 ciia Dang soi sang, phong trao n6 ra le te a mot s6 dja phuon
+ Cuoc noi day ciia 3.000 dong bao a BSc A i (Ninh Thuan) vao 2/1959.
+ Cuoc khai nghTa a Tra B6ng (Quang Ngai) vao 8/1959 nhan dan da
day dap tan chinh quyen djch, xay dung chinh quyen each mang duai hinh thuc Oy
ban nhan dan tu' quan. T u Tra Bong phong trao Ian rong ra cac huyen Son I la
M i n h Long, Ba T o .
- Phong trap Ian rong khSp mi^n Nam, thanh mot cao trao D6ng K h o i , tieu biei,
nhat la CU9C noi day a Ben Tre vao 17/1/1960.
D u a i su lanh dao cua tinh uy Ben Tre, nhan dan cac xa Dinh Thuy, Phuac Hiep
Binh Chanh thuoc huyen M o Cay cung vai gay goc, giao mac, tarn von^.... da doiig
loat noi day giai tan chinh q u y l n djch, thanh lap chinh q u y l n each mang. Cuoc n6i
day da nhanh chong Ian rong khSp huyen M o Cay va toan tinh B6n Tre. Tii' Ben tre
phong trao nhu nuac v a ba Ian rong khSp Nam Bo Tay Nguyen va Trung Trung B i

H O A C H 5 N A M L A N T H I T N H A T (1961 -

1965)

J p a i hoi dai b i l u toan quoc ISn thu- I I I cua Dang L a o dong Viet Nam
i (I, Hoan cdnh lich sir
k , The giai:
9'
th6ng xa hoi chu nghTa da hinh thanh va ngay cang phat trien; phong trao
ai^i phong dan tgc len cao a khSp chau A, chau Phi, chau MT Latinh; phong trao
Mil tranh v i hoa binh dan chu va tien bg xa hoi len cao a cac nuac t u ban chii
nghTa. Tuy nhien chu nghTa de quoc do MTcam Aku dang ra siic thuc hien am muu
ngSn chan anh huang cua chu nghTa xa hoi, chTa mui nhgn vao noi nao c6 phong
jj^Q each mang va chong de quoc triet de.
- Trong

nuac:

lire lugng chinh trj ciia tap hop dong dao hon.

Sau Hiep djnh Gianeva 1954, nuac ta tam thai chia cat lam hai mien, mien Bac
jtirgc hoan toan giai phong chuyen sang lam each mang xa hgi chii nghTa va da
gianh dugc nhung t h i n g Igi to Ion trong thuc hi?n nhiem vu cai tao va phat trien
kinh tS. Mien Nam con de qu6c MT va tay sai, nen tiep tuc lam each mang dan tgc
dan chu nhan dan. Cuoc each mang dan tgc dan chii nhan dan a mien Nam eo buac
uy^n bien nhay vgt t u " D o n g k h a i " cuoi nam 1959 6hu nam 1960.
Tir ch6 lanh dao nhan dan ca nuac lam nhi^m vu each mang dan tgc dan chii,
iiic nay Dang phai lanh dao nhan dan hai mien Nam - BSe thuc hien hai chien luge
cdch mang khac nhau: Cach mang xa hgi chii nghTa a mien BSc va each mang dan
t0c dan chii a mien Nam.

- C) c^c vung moi giai phong, U y ban nhan dan t u quan da tjch thu ruong dat ci
bon dja chu gian ac chia cho dan cay ngheo.

Trong hoan canh do. Dang phai D a i hgi 6k cung c6 lai to chirc, sSp xep i ^ i lire
lirgng va d^ ra duang loi each mang cho ca nuac cung nhu cho moi mien.

c. Ket qua
- "D6ng K h a i " da pha v a tung mang Ian bo may cai trj va he thdng kirn kep cua
djch a cac thon xa: 600 xa a Nam Bo; 904 thon a Trung Bo; 3200 thon a Tay
Nguyen. Lam rung lay tan g6c chinh q u y l n MT - Diem, da giang mot don nang ne
vao chinh sach thuc dan ki6u m a i cua de qu6c MT.
- T u "D6ng khai", luc luoTig vu trang nhan dan dugc hinh thanh va phat trie

- Thanh qua Ian nhat cua phong trao "Dong k h a i " danh dau bang su ra dai ci

Mat tran dan toe giai phong mi6n Nam Viet Nam (20/12/1960) tai Tan Lap - C l i
Thanh - Tay N i n h . Mat tran la nguai dai dien chan chinh cho nhan dan mi6n N ; i
vai chu truang doan ket tat ca cac dan toe, giai cap, dang phai nhSm danh d6 <
quoc M T v a t a y sai.
•
- " D 6 n g k h o i " lam pha san hoan toan chien tranh mot phia cua de quoc MT, d i
each mang mien Nam t u giiJ gin luc lugng sang the tan fcong lien tuc bSng ca 1^
lugng chinh trj va luc lugng vu trang.
d. Y nghia
- Phong trao " D o n g k h a i " bung no va t h i n g Igi khSng dinh su doc lap X\f cini
cua Dang ta trong viec vach ra duang each mang. N o chung minh rSng duang \o\
each mang bao luc cOa Dang ta het sue sang suot, kjp thai phu hgp v a i yeu cau Ijc'i
su va nguyen vong cua quan chung.
- ThSng Igi ciia phong trao "Dong k h a i " ca nggi sue manh quat khai v6 cimg i'^
Ian ciia nhan dan miSn Nam dugc Dang lanh dao.
- " D o n g k h a i " la thSng Igi c6 y nghTa chi6n luge dau tien ciia each mang mit
Nam, tao nen tien de het sue quan trgng trong su phat tri6n cua each mang troi
nhung giai doan tiep theo trong the ti^n cong lien tuc va ngay cang m a rong.

t

Dai hgi dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h u HI cua Dang hgp tai thii do Ha N g i t u ngay 5
d6n ngay 12 - 9 - 1960, c6 525 dai biSu chinh thuc va 51 dai bi^u dir khuyet thay
m$t cho 50 van Dang vien ca nuac. D u dai hgi eon c6 17 Doan dai bieu qu6c te.
b. Noi (lung Dai hoi
i

- Dai hgi bau Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa m a i , bku H6 Chi M i n h lam

Chu tjch Dang, Le Duan lam B i t h u t h u nhat Ban chap hanh Trung uang Dang.

- Dai hgi nghe va thao luan Bao cao chinh trj, Bao cao sua doi dieu le Dang, ra
l^ghj quyet ve duang loi, nhiem vu ciia Dang trong giai doan m a i .
*-Bao cao chinh trj xac djnh nhiem vy chung cua each mang ca nuac la "Tang
'ang doan ket toan dan, kien quyk dau tranh g i u vung hoa binh, day manh each
Eing xa hgi chu nghTa a miSn B k , d6ng thai day manh each mang dan tgc dan
u nhan dan a mien N a m , thuc hi^n thdng nhat nuac nha tren ca sa doe lap va dan
l i , xay dung mot nuac Viet Nam hoa binh, thong nhk doe lap dan chii va giau
\^nh ihiet thuc gop phhn tang cuang phe xa hgi chii nghTa va bao ve hoa binh a
'ongNam A va th8 giai.
Xac djnh each mang tiing mien Nam - BSc. Nhiem vu each mang mien Bac
ugc chien luge each mang xa hgi chii nghTa, nhi^m vy each mang mien N a m
ugc chien luge each mang dan tgc dan chu nhan dan. Cach mang hai mien deu co
151

150


m\\c ti6u Chung
ho^n th4nh cAch m^ng dan tOc dan chu nhan dan trong
nuof
thyc hi$n hoa binh th6ng nhat nude nha. Trong vi#c thgc hi?n nnic tieu nhi^m vij
Chung, cdch ni^ng xS hpi chu nghTa a mien Bkc co vai trd quyet djnh nhat d6i v6j
svr nghilp thong nh4t nuac nhk, cdch m^ing dftn toe dan chu cr mien Nam c6 vai tr^
quy^t djnh tru'c tiep doi v6i sy nghi^p gidi phong mi^n Nam.
••D^i hpi thdng qua ke ho^ch Nha nu'6c 5 nSm i§n thijr nhat (1961-1965) thire
hi^nofmienB^;.
c. Y nghTa Ifch sit ciia B^i hpi
Dai hpi d^i bieu toan quoc Ian thu 111 cua Dang la D^i hoi: "Xay dyng chu nghig
xa hpi a mikn BSc vh dau tranh th6ng nhat nud'c nh^" va la ca so cho "To^n Dang,
to^n dan ta do^n ket th^nh mpt kh6i khong \6. "Chung ta sdng t^o. Chung ta xay

dyng. Chung ta tien len".
2. K I ho^ch 5 nam Ian thu- nhat (1961 - 1965) & mikn Bic
D^y 1^
ho^ch dau tien lay xay dyng chu nghTa x5 hOi 14m trung tarn, nluini
tien cong v^o ngheo nan l^c h^u, c6 tdc dgng c6 vu toan Dang, toan dan ta hang hai
lao dpng xay dyng chu nghTa, ra sire cung c6 qu6c phong lam tron nghTa
h^u
phuang Ian d6i v6\n tuyen Ion.
Qui trinh thvrc hi^n ke ho^ch 5 nSm Ian thii' nhat a mien BSc da dat du'gc nhung
thanh tyu to I6n:
- Trong n6ng nghigp: Xay d\mg va phdt triln nong trudng va lam trirdng quoc
doanh, tr^i thi nghi^m nghien cuu cfiy trong vk ch5n nuoi, ap dyng tidn bO khoa hoc
ky thu|t. T i I9 six dyng ca khl trong nong nghifp tftng len, h? thong tuai tieu nga>
ckng md rpng. Nhikn hgp tac xa d?t nSng suat 5 tfin thoc tren m^t h^c ta,
- Trong cong nghi^p: V6i su giiip dd cua Lien Xo, Trung Quoc v^ cAc nu6c \a
hOi chu nghTa, tinh than lao dpng hSng say can cu s^ng t^o cua giai cap cong nharu
da xay dyng dugc nhieu ca sd cong nghi^p: Khu gang th6p Th&i Nguyen, Nha may
nhi^t di§n Uong Bi, Thuy difn ThAc Ba, Phfin d^m Hk BSc, khu cong nghi^p nhThugng Dinh (Ha N^i) cdc Nha may dird^ng V^n Diem, S6ng Larfi, su Hk'\,
pin van Diln... Cong nghi^p qu6c doanh chiem ty trpng 93,1% tong gia trj san
luQTig cong nghi^p toan mien BSc.
- Thuang nghi^p quoc doanh da chiem ITnh thj trwdng g6p ph4n v^o vifc phat
trien kinh t^, cung c6 quan h^ san xuSt, on djnh d6'i song nhan dan.
- M^ng luai daong bp, duang sSt, 6\!tbng song, duo'ng bi6n duge xay dyng hoan
chinh phyc vy dac lyc cho giao liru kinh te, cting c6 quoc phdng.
- Tren ITnh vyc van hoa, giao dye, y te deu c6 budc phdt trien va tien bg dang
kL Nam hgc 1964 - 1965 so vdi nam hgc 1960-1961 so hgc sinli pho thong tfing
tfr 1.899.000 \%n 2.676.000, sinh vien d^i hgc tang len tir 16.700 I6n 27,000. Mang
ladi y t l mdr rgng xuong t | n thon x&.
• Quan d^i dugc xay dyng chinh qui, h\tdc dku dugc trang bj hi^n d^i.

- Chi vi^n chj miln Nam mgt kh6i lugng Idn v§t ch^t gom vu khf, d^n dugc,
thuoc men.,., nnieu dao vj vu trang, cAn bp quan sy, chfnh trj, van h6a, gido dye, >
t^ tham gia c.iien dau, phye vy chien dau, xay dyng vung giai phong.
152

Song, trong qua trinh thyc hi§n chiing ta cung vi ph^m mgt so sal lam do tu'
tuong chu quan, giao dieu, n6ng v^i nhir:
De ra phu'ong chkm uin len chu nghTa x& hgi nhanh. m^nh, vCrng chSc, de ra
nhi^m vy uu ti6n phat trien cong nghifp n|ng. nhanh chong hi|n d^i hoa nen kinh
te nho b6 l^c hau cua chung ta trong dieu ki^n dat nude con nhieu kho khan chua
CO nhu'ng tien de can thiet; neu chi tieu, myc tieu qui \6n va cao so v6i dieu ki6n
hien t^i va kha nang thyc te ciia ta.
I V . MltN NAM CHlfeN D A U C H 6 N G " C H l f i N T R A N H D ^ C B I | ; T " CUA
D £ QU6C M l (1961-1965)
1. Chidn lvt- Phong trao "Dong khai" gianh dugc thang Igi da lam pha skn chiln luge chien
tranh dien hinh ciia d^ quoc MT, bugc MT phdi chuyin sang chiln luge "chi^n tranh
dacbi^t".
- "Chien tranh d^c bi^t" la mOt hinh thiJc chiin tranh thyc dan kieu mdi cua dS
quoc MT dugc tien h^nh bang quan dgi ngyy du6i sy chi huy ciia h^ thong c6 van
MT, dya vao vu khi, trang bj va phuong t i | n chien tranh ciia MT nhiim chong l^i
each m^ng va nhan dan mien Nam.
- Ch6 dya cua "chien tranh dac bift" la ngyy quan, ngyy quyen va Ap chien luge.
- D I thyc hi^n chiln tranh d^c biet de quoc MT da:
+ D^ ra ke ho^ch Xtalay-Taylo v6i ngi dung chii y^u la binh dinh mien Nam
trong v6ng 18 thdng bang m^t lo?it cfic bifn phdp:
+ Tang cudng lyc lugng va kha nang ca dgng ciia quan nguy trong cac cugc
hanh quan tieu di?t qufin giii phong, tien hanh don dkn lap "Ap chiln luge",
+ Dau 1964, MT dung k^ ho^ch Gionxan Mac Namara thay the cho ke ho^ch
Xtalay - Taylo, d l y m^nh chien tranh dSc bi^t nham binh djnh c6 trgng dilm mien

Nam trong vong hai nam.
- Thyc hi^n ckc k^ ho^ch n6i tren, MT tang cu6ng vif n trg cho quan Di^m, dua
vao mien Nam nhi6u c6 v4n quan sy, vu khi va phuang ti^n chien tranh hi?n dai.
Ap dyng nhOng chien thu^t m6i "Tryc thSng v | n " , "Thiet xa v§n", Xay dyng ha
thong "Ap chiln luge" coi day la quoc sach trong "chi^n tranh d^c bi?t" h6ng bien
mi^n Nam thanh mgt tr^i t^p trung khong I6, thyc hi?n ck\i la "tat nuac bat ca"
de dan ap tieu di?t phong trao cdch m^ng,
Nhu v$y, MT da dan them mgt budc trong qua trinh phi^u luu quan sy xSm luge
mien Nam, Tien hanh ehiln tranh Dong Duang MT ap dyng nhDng thu do^n mai,
nguy biem va dS man han hdng d^t dugc myc tieu chien luge ciia chung d mien
Nam Vi?t Nam, Song d6 deu la nhOng thii do^n phi nghTa nen khong thk tranh khoi
sy th4t b^i dau ddn,

2. Mien Nam chien dau chong "chien tranh d^c bi?t" cua Mi
- Dirdi sy iSiih d^o cua Ding, dudi nggn cd doan ket cua M^t tran dan tOc giai
* phdng mien Nam Vi^t Nam, qukn dkn miln Nam da day manh dau tranh chong Mi
va tay sai, ket hgp dau tranh quan sy vdi d4u tranh chinh trj va binh v^n, danh djch
tren ca 3 vung chi^n luge: mikn nui, nong thdn dong bang va do thj.
153


* Tren Mat tran quan s^r: quan ta da gianli thfing Igi ma dSu vang dpi tai Ap BSc
(MT Tho) vao ngay 2/1/1963. Ta danli bai cuoc lianli quan cua 2000 quan nguy c6
CO van MT chi huy, c6 su ho trg cua phao binh, xe tang may bay.
V6i tran nay ta loai khoi viing chien dau 450 ten djch, ban roi 8 may bay, ban chay
3 xe boc thep. Tu do day len mot phong trao "thi dua Ap Bac, giet giac lap cong".
Vai chidn thing Ap BSc quan dan ta da danh bai chien thuat "True thang van"
cua MT Nguy. No chimg minh rang quan dan mien Nam c6 kha nang danh bai
chien luge "chien tranh dac biet" cua MT.
- Sau chien thang Ap Bac, quan giai phong nhanh chong truong thanh va ngay

cang danh Ian. Guoi 1964, quan dan Nam Bo mo chien dich tkn cong Dong Xuan
(1964 - 1965) v6i tran ma mang vao Ap Binh Gia (Ba Ria) vao 12/1964. Ta da loai
khoi vong chien dau 1700 ten djch trong do eq 60 c6 van MT, thu va pha huy nhiSu
phuang tien chien tranh cua djch.
j
- Thiia thang xong len, quan dan mien Nam da lien tiep tan cong va gianh dugc j
nhieu thang Igi moi: Chien thang An Lao (Binh Djnh) (12.1964) Ba Gia (Quang
Ngai) (6.1965) D6ng xoai (Bien Hoa) (8.1965),
* Tren mat tran chong "binh djnh": cuoc dau tranh giua ta va djch dien ra dai
dang, quyet liet giua tap va pha Ap chien luge cua djch, nhieu Ap chien luge tra
thanh lang chien dau cua ta.
* Tren mat tran chinh trj: Ci cac do thj va nhieu vung nong thon phong trao no ra
manh me. Dac biet la tai cac thanh pho nhu: Hue, Da Nang, Sai Gon, phong trao da
thu hut dong dao quan chiing nhan dan tham gia, nhat ia thanh nien, hoc sinh va
phat tii'.
Chinh phong trao nay da gop phan lam lung lay nguy quyen Sai Gon, buoc MT
phai di ddn dao chinh Ngo Dinh Di^m vao ngay 1/11/1963.
*YnghTa:
- Cac su ki^n tren da danh bai chien luge "chien tranh dac biet" cua MT a mien
Nam. Danh bai "chien tranh dac biet" la thang Igi c6 y nghTa chien luge thu hai cho
each mang mien Nam, do cung la that bai thu hai cua de quoc MT va tay sai.
- Mot Ian nua chung minh r§ng duong loi cua Dang trong each mang mien Nam
la hoan toan sat hop, sue manh quat khai cua quan chung la vT dai.
- Thang Igi nay ma rgng va phat tridn toan dien the chien luge ticn cong cua
each mang mi6n Nam, la eg sa de nhan dan mien Nam tien len dap tan nhung ke
hoach chien tranh moi cua de quoc MT, gianh thang Igi hoan toan.

Cau 2. Mien Bac tien hanh cai each ruong dat va khoi phue kinh te trong thoi
gian nao?
A. 1954 -1957.

B. 1954 -1958.
C. 1955 -1958.
D. 1955 -1960.
Can 3. Qua dot cai each ruong dat o mien Bac da thuc hien triet dl kh3u hieu nao?
A. "Tac dat, tac vang".
B. "Tang gia san xuat nhanh, tang gia san xuat nua".
C. "Nguoi cay c6 rugng".
D. "Doc lap dan toe" va "Rugng dat dan cay".
au 4. Thang loi quan trong trong cong cuoc cai each ruong dat a mien Bac la gi?
A. Da danh do toan bg giai cap dja chu phong kien.
B. Giai phong hoan toan nong dan khoi ach ap buc, boc lot cua dja chu phong kien.
C. Dua nong dan len dja vj lam chu a nong thon.
D. Tat ca deu dung.
lu 5 Bac Ho da den tham cong trtfong xay dyng cau Viet Tri vao thoi gian nao?
A. 1955.
B. 1956.
C. 1957.
D. 1958.
Cau 6. Den nam 1960, o mien BSc c6 85% ho nong dan, 68% dien tich dat dai
'ao hop tac xa nong nghiep
Do la ket qua cua:
A. Cai each rugng dat.
B. Khoi phue kinh te.
C. Cai tao xa hoi chu nghTa.
D. Cau a va b dung.
Cau 7. Din nam 1960, mien B^c c6 172 xi nghiep do nha nu-oc quan ly, hou
500 xi nghiep cong nghiep dja phuong
Do lal ket qua cua:
A. Buac dau phat trien kinh te.
B. Khoi phue kinh te.

4
C. Cai tao xa hoi chu nghTa.
D. Tat ca cung dung.
Cau 8. Dau nam 1955, khi da difng duoc o mien Nam Viet Nam, tap doan Ngo
Dinh Diem mo chien djch nao?
»
A. "To cong", "Diet cong" tren toan mien Nam.
B. "Da thuc", "Bai phong", "Diet cong" tren toan mien Nam.
C. "Tieu diet cong san khong thuong tiec" tren toan mien Nam.
D. "Tha ban lam han bo sot" tren toan mien Nam.
au 9. Vu tan sat nao cua MT- Diem dien ra vao ngay 1-12-1958 lam chet hon
1000 nguoi dan?
A. Chg Dugc (Quang Nam).
B. Huong Dien (Quang Trj).
C. VThh Trinh (Duy Xuyen, Quang Nam).

D. Phu Lgi (Sai Gon).

CAU HOI T R A C N G H I E M

Cau 10. Chinh sach nao ciia Mi- Diem the hien chien lu-oc chien tranh mot

Cau 1. Vi sao mien Bac ticn hanh cong cuoc cai each ruong dat?
A. Nong rghiep con lac hau, nang suat lao dong thap.

phia 6'mien Nam?
A. Phe truat Bao Dai, di8u Ngo Dinh Diem lam Tong thong.
B. Gat het quan Phap de doc chiem mien Nam.

B. Che do chiem huu rugng dat cua dja chii phong kien yan eon pho bien.

C. De lam hau phugng Ign cho tien tuyen Ian a mien Nam.
D. Tat ca cac ly do tren.
154

C. Mo- chien djch "To cong", "Diet cong" thi hanh "Luat 10 - 59", le may chem
khap mien Nam.
D. Thuc hien chinh sach "Da thuc", "Bai phong", "Diet cong".
!55


Cau 11. Hinh thu-c dku tranh ch6ng ch^ d9 MT - Difm cua nh&n dSn mien
trong nhii-ng ngky dau sau Hif p djnh Gio-ne-vo' 1954, chii yen 1^ gi?
A. Dau tranh vu trang.
B. Dau tranh chinh trj, hoa binh.
C. Kh6i nghTa gianh l^i quyen lam chii.D. Dung b^o lyc each m^ng.
Cau 12. Nguyen nhfin co' ban nhk dan d^n phong trao D^ng kho'i 1959 - 1960
l^gJ?
A. MT- Difm pha Hi|p djnh Gio-ne-va, thyc hifn chinh sach "to cpng", "diet cgng'.
B. C6 nghj quy^t Hpi nghj l4n thir 15 cua Dang v l duong loi each m^ng mi^n Nam.
C. Do chinh sach cai trj cua MT - Difm l^m cho c&ch m^ng mien Nam bj ion
th^tn^ngne.
D. Cau A va B dung.
1
Cau 13. Dien vao cho tr6ng cau sau: "Con duong phAt trien co' ban cua cAcW
m^ng Vif t Nam 6' mien Nam !a khd-i nghta gi^nh chinh quy^n v4 tay nhan dan,^
bang
I
A. Lyc lugng vu trang nh&n dan l'|j
B. Lyc lugng chinh trj cua qu4n chung la chu yeu, ket hgp voi lye lugng

trang nhfin dan.
C. Sy ket hgp gi&a dau tranh vu trang v6'i dau tranh chinh trj v^ ngo^i giao.
D. Tat ca deu dung.
Cfiu 14. Thiing 2-1959, dien ra cuOc noi day ciia dong b^o mi^n Nam & dau?
A. Tr^ B6ng (Quang Ngai).
B. Phudc Hif p (Ben Tre).
C. BSc Ai (Ninh ThuSn).
D. Chg Dugc (Quang Nam).
CSu 15. Ghi cdc nien dai vao cac
kifn sau d&y cho phu h^'p:
A. N6i d g y d ' B k Ai(NinhThu§n)..
B. Khai ngliTa d Trk Bong (Qu^ng Ngai)
C. Dong khdi d Ben Tre
CSu 16. K i t qua Ifrn nhat cua phong tr^o "D^ng khoi" Ik gi?
• A. Pha vd tirng mang Ian bg may cai trj cua djch d 600 xS d Nam Bg, 904 thon
d Trung Bg, 3200 thon d Tay Nguyen.
B. Lyc lugng vu trang dugc hinh thanh va phdt tri^n, lye lugng chinh trj dugc
tip hgp dong dao.
C. Uy ban nhan dan ty quan tjch thu rugng dat cua bgn dia chu chia cho dan cky ngh^o.
D. Sy ra ddi cua M^t tr$n Dan tgc giai ph6ng mikn Nam Vift Nam (20-12-960).
Cau 17. Y nghia quan tr^ng nhat cua phong tr^o "Dong khdi" Ik gi?
A. Gidng mOt don n^n^ ne vko chinh sAch thyc dan mdi cua MT a mien Nam.
B. Lkm lung lay t$n g6c chinh quyen tay sai Ngo Dinh Difm.
C. Danh dau budc phdt trien nhay vgt cua cAch m^ng mien Nam chuyin tir the
gi& gin lyc lugng sang the tan cong djch.
D. Cau B va C dung.
156

Cfiu
Cfii 18. Dai hoi dgii bieu tohn qu6c I^n HI cua Dang h9p 6' dau v^o th6i gian n^o?

A. 6 ciiiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang) - Tir 11 den 19 - 2 - 1955.
B. Q Tan Trao (Tuyen Quang) - Tir 10 den 19 - 5 - 1960.
C. Q H a N g i - T u S den 12-9-1960.
D. Q H I N Q i - T u 6 d e n 10-10-1960.
CSu 19. Dai hoi Ian III cua Dang da b^u ai I^m Chu tjch B&ng va Bi thu- thiV nhat?
A. Ho Chi Minh lam Chu tjch Dang, Truo'ng Chinh lam Bi thir thu' nhat Ban
chSp hanh Trung uong Dang.
B. Ho Chi Minh lam Chii tjch Dang, Le DuSn lam Bi thu thu nhat Ban chap
hanh Trung uong Dang.
C. H6 Chi Minh lam Chu tjch Dang, V6 Nguyen Giap lam Bi thu thu nhat Ban
chap hanh Trung uong Dang.
'\. H6 Chi Minh lam Chii tjch Dang, Do Muoi lam Bi thu thir nhat Ban chip
hanh Trung uong Dang,
u 20. D^i hOi Ian III ciia Dang du^t ChCi tjch H6 Chi Minh xac djnh van de gi?
; A. "D?i hpi xay dyng CNXH a mien BJc va dau tranh hoa binh th6ng nhat
nuac nha".
B. "D^i hgi thyc hifn
ho^ch 5 nfim Ifin thu nhat a mien BSc".
C. "D?ii hgi xay dyng mi6n BSc thanh h^u phuong 16'n d6i voi tien tuyin Ion o
mien Nam".
D. "D^i hgi xay dyng chii nghTa xS hgi a mien BSc va dSu tranh giai phong dan
tgc is mien Nam".
CSu 21. Mien BSc de ra ke ho^ch 5 nkm ihn thu- nhat v^o thoi gian n^o?
A.1960-1965.
B.1961 -1965.
C.1965 -1968.
D.1960-1964.
cau 22. "Ba nh^t"
"D^i phong" Ik tSn phong trao thi dua thyc hifn ke
ho^ch 5 nSm Ian I cf mien BSc trong ckc nganh: _

A. "Ba nhat": n6ng nghifp; "D^i phong": Quan dgi.
B. "Ba nhat"; Quan dgi; "Dai phong"; Nong nghifp.
C. "Ba nhat"; Cong nghifp; "D?ii phong": Thu cong nghifp.
D. "Ba nhdt"; Giao dye; "D^i phong"; Nong nghifp.
cau 23. Trong k l hoaich 5 nSm Ian thir nhat, Nh^ nuo-c dSu tu- von cho xay
dyng kinh t l chiem ti If bao nhieu so v6i thoi Id kh6i phyc kinh te?
A. 60% so vai tho'i ki khoi phyc kinh te.
;

B. 61,2% so vai thai ki khoi phyc kinh te.
C. 65,5% so voi thai ki khoi phi,ic kinh \L
D.
67%
ki Mkhoi
kimh
U. O
/ 7 0 so
S U vai
V U l thai
UlUI M
I U I (phyc
JimV M
I U l l Ite.
V.

cauu 24. Voi phwong cham: tien len chu nghTa xa h^i nhanh, m?nh, vii-np chSc.
Do la thanh tyu hay han che cua k^ ho^ch 5 nSm l^n thu- nhat a mien Bac.
A. Thanh tyu.
B, H^n che.
157

C a u 25. T6ng thong nao cua M I de ra chien luWo^'Chien tranh dac biet" 6
mien Nam?
A . Ai-xen-hao.
B. Ken-na-di.
C. Gion-xon.
D. Ru-da-ven.
C a u 26. "Chien tranh dac biet" nam trong hinh thirc nao cua chien lu-ac toan
cau ma M i de ra?
A . "Phan ung linli hoat".

B. "Ngan de thirc te".

C. "Ben mieng ho cliien tranh".

D. "Chinh sach thirc luc".

D. Cuoc dao chinh lat d o N g o Dinh Diem ( 01-1 1-1963)

A. Dua quan chu hau vao mien Nam Viet Nam.
B. "Dung nguoi Viet danh nguoi Viet".

A . Giai phong giai cap nong dan.

B. Tien hanh cai each rugng dat.

C. Khoi phyc kinh te.

D . Cai tao xa hoi chu nghTa.

' khoi phuc kinh te 6' mien BSc (1954 - 1957)?

D. Dua CO van MT ao at vao mien Nam.
C a u 28. L u c lu-ffng co van M I dua vao mi^n Nam den 1964 bao nhieu ten?
C. 26.000 ten.

D . 30.000 ten.

C a u 29. Cho dua ciia "Chien tranh dac biet" cua M i 6' mien Nam la gi?
A. Ap chien luge.

A. Nen kinh te hi chien tranh tan pha dugc phuc h6i.
B. Tao dieu kien cho nen kinh te mien B4C phat trien.
C. Nang cao dai song cua nhan dan.
I D . Cung CO Mien Bac, CO vu each mang mien Nam.
ao?

C. Luc lugng co van MT.

A. 1954 -1956

D. A p chien luge va nguy quan, nguy quyen.
C a u 30. M I - nguy d y djnh thyc hien nhirng muc tieu cua "Chien tranh dac
biet" trong tam la "binh djnh" trong vong 18 thang. Muc tieu do nam trong
ke hoach nao?
A. Don dan lap ap chien luge.

B. Xta-lay Tay-!o.

C. Gion-xon Mac-na-ma-ra.

D. Cau B va C dung.

A. 1 5 - 2 - 1 9 6 1

'..
:

C. 2 - 1 - 1963*.

B. 1956 -1958

C. 1958 -1960

D. 1954-1957

au 38. Trong cong cuoc cai tao X H C N , mien BSc tap trung giai quyet khau
hinh tren llnh v y c nao?
A . Thuong nghiep.

B. Nong nghiep.

C . Thii cong nghiep.

D. Cong nghiep.

au 39. Den nam 1960, mien BSc co 85% ho nong dan, 68% dien tich dat dai

Cau 31. G h i cac s y kien vao cac moc thoi gian sau day cho phii ho-p:

;

ao hyp tac xa nong nghiep. Do la ket qua ciia:
A. Cai each rugng 6k.

B. Khoi phuc kinh te.

C. Cai tao X H C N .

D. Cau a va b dung.

Cau 40. Den nam 1960, mien BSc co 172 xi nghiep do nha nuoc quan ly, hon

D. 8 - 5 -1963

0 xi nghiep cong nghiep dja phuong. Do la ket qua ciia:

E. 1 1 - 6 -1963
G. 16 - 6 - 1963

:

H. 1 - 11 - 1963
I. 2 - 1 2 - 1 9 6 4

A . Budc dau phat t r i l n kinh te

B. Khoi phuc kinh t6.

C. Cai tao X H C N .

D.Thuc hien ke hoach 5 nam Ian thi'r nha

au 41. Den cuoi nam 1960 mien B^c co bao nhieu ho nong dan va so ruong

\

C a u 32. T r e n mat tran quan sy, chien thSng nao ciia ta co tinh chat mo' mart
cho viec danh bai "Chien tranh dac biet" cua M I ?

at vao hop tjk xa nong nghiep?
A . 82 % hg nong dan v o i 68 % rugng dat.

A. Binh G i a ( B a Rja).

B. Ba Gia (Quang Ngai).

B. 83 % hg nong dan vai 68 % rugng 6k.

C. Dong Xoai ( Bien Hoa).

D. A p BSc (MT Tho).

C. 84 % hg nong dan vai 68 % rugng 6k.

C a u 33. Chien thdng quan s y nao cua ta da lam pha san ve co' ban "Chien
tranh dac biet" cua M I ?
A. A p B S c .

•

au 37. Mien BSc tien hanh ciii tao quan h | san xuat trong khoang thoi gian

B. Luc iugng nguy quan, nguy quyen.

B. 1 -1961

au 35. T h y c hien khSu hieu "Nguoi cay co ruong", Dang ta da co chu truong gi?

au 36. Y nghia nao la co' ban nhat cua nhung thanh tyu dat duyc trong thoi

C. Dua quan MT ao at vao mikn Nam.

B. 11.000 ten.

B. Hoa thuong Thich Quang Due t u thieu de phan doi chinh quy&n Diem a Sai
G 6 n ( l 1-6-1963).
C. Cuoc b i l u tinh cua 70 van quan chung Sai Gon ( 1 6 - 6 -1963).

C a u 27, A m mu-u co' ban cua " Chien tranh dac bief'ma M i ap dung o' mien
Nam Viet Nam la gi?

A. 1.100 ten.

C a u 34. Cuoc dau tranh chinh tri tieu bieu nhat trong nam 1963 cua dong bao^
mien Nam?
A. CuQC bi^u tinh cua 2 van tang ni Phat tu'Hud (8-5-1963).

B. Binh Gia.

C. Dong Xoai.

D . Ba Gia.

D. 85 % hg nong dan voi 68 % rugng dat.
au 42. Den cuoi nam 1960 mien BSc co bao nhieu ho vao cong tu hop doanh'
A. 77 %

B. 87 %

C. 97 %

D. 100 %
151


Cau 43. Ket qua I6'n nhat cua cong cu$c cai t^o quan h | san xuat 6' mien B&c
(1958-1960) Ih gl?
A. Tlu'ic d5y sail xu^t phat triln. nhat 1^ trong dieii ki^n chien tranh.
B. Hgp tdc xS bao dam dcri song cho nhan dan lao dpng.
C. T90 didu ki^n v^t chk, tinh thSn cho ngudi di chien dau va phyc \\n tranh,
D. X6a bo che dp ngirdi boc Ipt nguai.
Cau 44. "Chung ta da ph^m m^t so sai lam nhu- dS dong nhat cai tao vol xoa
bo tu" hu'u \k cAc th^nh phan kinh te c^ the, thyc hifn sai c&c ngiiyen tftc xSy
dyng h9'p tac xa Ih tw nguyfn, cong bSng, dan chii, cung c6 I9I". D6 1^ mpt so
sai lam cua ta trong thoi ki nao?
A. Phong trao each m^ng 1930-1931.
B. Phong trao cdch m?ing 1936-1939.
C. Cdi each ruQngdat 1954.

D. Cai t^o quan h? san xuat 1958-1960.
Cau 45. Trpng tam phat triln kinh te mien B^c th6i ki 1958 - 1960 la gi?
A. Phdt trien thanh ph4n kinh te ca the.
B. Ph^t tri^n thanh phan kinh te quoc doanh.
C. Phdt trien' th^nh phan kinh te tu nhan.
D. Phat trien thanh phan kinh te hgp X&c xS,

50. Ml - Diem ra "dao iuat 10-59" vac thoi gian nao?
A. Thang4-1959
"
B. Thdng 5 - 1959
C. Thang 10 - 1959
D. Thang 1 ! - 1-959
au 51. Viec MT - Diem m& rong chien dich "To cong", "diet c^ng", ra sSc
nh "dat cong san ngoai vong phap Iuat", thyc hien "dao Iuat 10 - 59". Chu-ng
dilu gi?
A. Su suy yeu va ngay cang bj c6 lap cua chung.
B. Sue manh ve quan sir cua MT - Diem.
C. Chi'nh sach doc tai ciia che do gia dinh trj.
D. MT - Diem rat manh.
au 52. Dail nam 1955, khi da dirng duwc if mien Nam Viet Nam, tap doan
go Dinh Diem ma chien djch nao?
A. "To cong", "Diet cgng" tren toan m\kn Nam.
B. "Da thirc", "Bai phong", "Diet cong" tren toan mi^n Nam.
C. "Tieu diet cong san khong thuong tiec" tren toan mien Nam.
D. "Tha ban nham con hoTi bo sot" tren toan mien Nam.
Cau 53. Hinh thiic dau tranh chong che do MT- Diem cua nhan dan mien Nam
trong nhirng ngay dau sau Hiep djnh Gio'-ne-vo' 1954 chu yeu la gi?
A. Dau tranh vu trang.

Cfiu 46. NSm 1960 so lir9Tig tru'd'ng daii hgc 6' miln B&c c6 tht ca-1^:

B. Dau tranh chinh trj, hoa binh.

A. 9 truang
B. 10 truerng
C. 11 truong
D. 12 truing
Cau 47. Dang ta chu tru-o'ng cai tao h9 bSng phu-ong phap hoa binh, sir dyng
m&t tich c\rc nhat cua
de phyc.vv cho cong CUQC xay dijrng mien B^c. H9 la
giai cap nao?

C. Khoi nghTa gianh lai quyen lam chu

A. Tu'san dfin tQc.

B, Tu sdn m?! ban.

C. Dja chu phong k\in

D, T i i u tu san.

Cau 48. Nhifm vy cua cAch m^ng mien Nam sau 1954 la gi?
A. Tiep tyc dau tranh vu trang ch6ng thyc dan Phap.
B. Dku tranh chinh trj chong MT - Di^m, doi thi hanh Hi^p djnh Gio-ne-vo, bao
hoa binh.
C. Bao v0 mien BSc XHCN, de mien Bac du si'rc chi vi^n cho mien Nam.
D. Chong "to CQng", "di^t cpng", d6i quyin ty do, dan chu.
Cau 49. "Phong tr^o ra ddi v6i ban hi^u tri^u hoan nghenh Hifp djnh Gio-ne-vo",

ung h9 hi^p thu-o-ng tuyen cir, du-9'c sy huong li-ng r^ng rSi cua cdc tang lop
nhan dan". Do la phong trao n^o?
A. Chong khung bo d^n ap ciia MT - Di?m.
B. Phong tr^o ddu tranh cua nhan dan cac thanh ph6 Ion Hue, Dh N5ng.
C. "Phong trao hoa binh" 6-Sdi Gon - Chg Lan.
D. Phong trao vi myc tieu h6a binh cua nhan dan cac th^nh pho Ion va cac viing
nong thon.
160

'

D. Dung bao lire each mang.
Cau 54. Hoi nghj T W Dang Ian thir 15 (dau nam 1959) da xac djnh con du-otig
ca ban cua each mang mien Nam la gi?
A. Dau tranh chinh tri doi thi hanh Hiep dinh Gio-ne-vo.
B. Dau tranh chinh trj ket hop dau tranh vu trang gianh chinh quyen.
C. Khoi nghTa gianh chinh quyen bSng lire luong chinh trj cua quan chung la
chu yeu, ket hop voi luc lugng vu trang.
D. Dau tranh giir gin va phat trien lye lugng each mang.
^au 55. Co Nghj quyet TW Dang 15 soi sang, nhan dan Tra Bong Quang Ngai
I noi day vao thcri gian nao?
A. 5 -1959
B. 6 -1959
C. 7 -1959
D. 8-1959
-au 56. Phong trao "Dong khoi", du-oi sy lanh dao cua Tinh uy Ben Tre, bat
au vao ngay nao?
A. 17-1-1959

B. 17-2-1959

C. 17-3-1959

D. 17-4-1959

-au 57. Chinh sach nao thi hien "chien luoc chien tranh mot phia" cua MT - Diem?
A. Gat het quan Phap de MTdgc chien mien Nam.
B. Phe truat Bao Dai 6k Diem lam t6ng thong.
Hiep thuong tuyen cu rieng le.
). Ra sue "To cong", "diet cong", thi hanh "Luat 10 - 59".
-....-...juii....

161


Cau 58. Trong noi dung co- ban cua Nghi quyet TW 15, diem gi c6 quan he voi
phong trao Dong Khoi (I960)?
A. Con duong each mang mien Nam la khoi nghTa gianh chinh quyen.
B. Khoi nghTa bang lire liigng chinh tri cua quan chi'ing.
C. Trong khoi nghTa, lire luong chinh tri cua qu§n chiing la chu y^u kk hop vol
lire lu'gng vu trang nhan dan.
D. Cau A va C dung.
Caflf'59. Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam ra doi ngay nao?
A. 20-9-1960

8.20-10-1960

C. 20-11-1960

D. 20-12-1960

Cau 60. Ai la chu tjch Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam?
A. Nguyin Thj Binh

B. Nguyen V^n Linh

C. Nguyen Huu Tho

D. Huynh Tan Phat

Cau 61. Dai hoi nao cua Dang du-oc xac djnh la "Dai hoi xay dyng CNXH o
mien Bac va dau tranh hoa binh thong nhat nuo'c nha"?
A. Dai hoi Ian thi'r I
B. Dai hoi Ian thu II
C. Dai hoi \hn thu III

D. Dai hoi Ian thu IV

Cau 62. De hoan thanh nhiem vu chung, vai tro ciia mien BSc se la gi?
A. Mien Bac la hau phuoi)g, CO vai tro quyet djnh true tiep.
B. Mien BSe la hau phuong, co vai tro quyet djnh nhat.
C. Mien BSc la hau phuong, eo nhiem vu chi vi?n cho each mang mien Nam.
D. Mien Bac la hau phuong, co nhiem vu bao ve each mang mien Nam
Cau 63. De hoan thanh nhiem vu chung, vai tro cua each mang mien Nam la gi?
A. Mien Nam la tien tuyen, co vai tro bao ve each mang XHCN a mien BSc.
B. Mien Nam la tien tuyen. co vai tro quyet djnh nhk.
C. Mien Nam la tien tuyen, co vai tro quySt dinh true tiep nhat.
D. Mien Nam la tien tuyen, lam hau thuin cho each mang mien Bic.
Cau 64. Trong tarn ciia ke hoach 5 nam Ian thu nhat (1961 - 1965) 6' mien Bii'
lagi?

^
•
A. Cong nghiep nhe

B. Cong nghiep nang.

C. Cai tao XHCN.

D. Xay dung CNXH.

j | ; A. Bo mat midn Bac thay d6i khae truoc rSt nhieu.
B. Nen kinh te M i l n BSc du sue chi vien cho mien Nam.
C. Mien Bac du sue de tu bao ve su nghiep xay dung CNXH.
1^, D. Mi^n Bac duge cung co va Ian manh, c6 kha nang.tu bao ve va thue hien day
f^'
dii nghTa vu hau phuong.
Cau 69. Han che Ion nhat cua mien Bdc trong tho-i ki tien hanh ke hoach 5
nam (1961 •• 1965)?
A. Chu truang phat trien chu yeu thanh phan kinh te quoe doanh va hgp tac xa,
han che phat trien cae thanh phan kinh te khac.
B. Chu truong uu tien phat triln cong nghiep nang, hien dai hoa nen kinh te von
K
be nho.
P C. Xoa bo thanh ph4n kinh te ea the, tu nhan.
' D. Co nhu'ng sai lam trong cai each rugng dat.
Cau 70. Dau la han che trong du-ong loi dua mien BSc tien len chu nghTa xa hoi?
A. Nong nghiep duge coi la co sa eiia cong nghiep.
B. Ap dung khoa hgc - kT thuat, su dung ca khi trong cong nghiep.
D. Tung buoc nang cao doi song vat chat va van hoa cho nhan dan.

A. "Dai hoi xay dung CNXH a mien BSc va dau tranh hoa binh thdng nhili
nuac nha".
*

C. "D^i hoi xay dyng mien Bac thanh hau phuong Ian doi voi tikn tuySn Ion o
mien Nam".
D. "Dai hoi xay dung CNXH a mien BSc va dau tranh giai phong dan toe o
mien Nam".
162

D. Bo mat mien Bac thay doi, dat nuoc, xa hoi, con nguoi deu doi moi.
Cau 68. Y nghTa Ion nhat ciia ke hoach 5 nam (1961 - 1965) la gi?

C. Phuong cham tiln len CNXH nhanh, manh, vung chae.

Cau 65. Dai hoi Ian III cua Dang dwo'c Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh xac djnh la:

B. "Dai hoi thue hien ke hoach 5 nam Ian thu nhat a mien BSc".

£§iu 66. Trong giai dean 1961 - 1965 mien Bac da phat trien nhieu nha may
c6ng nghiep nang do la:
A. Khu gang thep Thai Nguyen, khu cong nghiep Viet Tri, Thuang Dinh (Ha Noi).
B. Khu gang thep Thai Nguyen, nha may nhiet dien Uong Bi, thiiy dien Thac Ba.
C. Khu cong nghiep Viet Tri, nha may duong Van Dien, su Hai Duong.
D. Pin Van Dien, Su Hai Duong. Det 8 - 3, det kirn Dong Xuan.
CSu 67. Thanh tyu 16-n nitiat mien BSc da dat du-ffc trong thcri ki ke hoach 5
flam (1961 - 1965) la gi?
A. Cong nghiep, nong nghiep dat san lugng cao du sue chi vien cho mien Nam.
B. Thuong nghiep gop phan phat triin kinh t§, bung c6 quan h$ san xuat, on
djnh doi song nhan dan.

C. Van hoa, giao due, y t^ phat triln. S6 hoc sinh pho thong tang 2,7 trieu.

au 71. Mien BSc phai chuySii hu-ong xay dyng va phat trien kinh te cho phu
i?p vol dieu kien thoi chien bat dau tir luc nao?
A. 5-8-1964
B, 7-1-1965
C. 7-2-1965
D. 7-3-1965
fi« 72. Am muu tham doc nhat cua "Chien tranh dac biet" la gi?
A. Dung nguai Viet danh nguai Viet.
B. Sir dung phuong tien chien tranh va "co van" MT.
C. Tien hanh don dan, lap "ap chien luge".
D. Pha hoai each mang mien Bac.
.

163


^jiP^u^O.

Hay noi thoi gian & cot A phii hop voi su kien & cot B.

C a u 73. Noi dung nao sau day nkm trong cong thu-c cua "Chien luffc chien
tranh dac biet"?
A. Dirge tidn hanh quan doi tay sai, do "c6 van" MT chi huy, dira vac vu khi,
trang bj kTthuat, pliiro-ng tien chien tranh cua MT.
B. Tien hanh heat dong pha hoaitnien Bdc, phong toa bien gioi.
C. Dua quan chu hku cua MT vac mien Nam Viet Nam.
D. Thirc hien Dong Duang hoa chien tranh.
C a u 74. Y e u to nao du-oc xem la "xuang song" cua chien Ivtac "Chien tranh

dac biet"?
A. Nguy quan
C. "Ap chidh lu-gc"

B. Nguy quyen
'• D. Do thj (hau cii')

C a u 75. MT nguy xay dyng he thong "Ap chien lirac" nhkm muc dich gi?

B
A . "Luat 10^59".

1. 1953 - 1957
2. 1958 - 1960

B. Mat tran dan tgc giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam ra doi.

3. 8 - 1954

C. Nghj quyet T W l4n thu 15.

4. 1 0 - 1 0 - 1954

D. Mien Bic hoan thanh cai each rugng dk, khoi phyc kinh te.

5. D a u l 9 5 9

E. "Phong trao hoa binh" a mien Nam.

6.5-1959

F. Dai hoi Dang toan quoc l§n thu I I I .

7. 1 7 - 0 1 - 1960

G. M i e n Bac cai t a o X H C N .

if: 8. 2 0 - 1 2

-1960

H. Phap rut khoi Ha N g i .

9 . 5 - 9 - 1960

I . Chien thang A p Bac.

1 0 . 2 - 0 1 - 1963

K . Dong khoi B6n Tre.

11.2-12-1964

L. Chien thang Binh Gia.

A. Tach each mang ra khoi dan, nhSm c6 lap each mang.
B. Ho t r g chuang trinh "binh djnh" mikn Nam cua MT - Nguy.

D A P A N C A U H O I T R A C N G H I E M B A I 13

C. K i m kep, kiem scat dan, nkm chat dan.
D. A, B va C diing.
C a u 76. Chien thuat du-o-c sfr dung trong "Chien tranh dac biet" la gi?

1. B

2. A

3.C

4. D

5. B

6.C

7.A

8. A

9. D

l O . C 11. B 1 2 . B 13. B 14.C

H

15. A : 2-1959; B: 8-1959; C:17-]-1960

A. Gem dan, lap "ap chidn luge".

16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. B 23. B

B. "True thang van", "thiSt xa vail".
C. Can quet tieu diet luc lugng each mang.
D. " B i n h d i n h " toan bg M\kn Nam.

24. B 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B
31. A . Luc lugng vu trang each mang th6ng nhk thanh quan Giai phong m\kn
Nam Viet Nam.

C a u 77. M u c tieu co- ban cua chien luffc "Chien tranh dac biet" la gi?

B; T r u n g uong Cue mien Nam Viet Nam thanh lap.

A. " B i n h djnh" Mikn Nam trong 8 thang.

C. Chien t h i n g Ap Bac - M T Tho.

B. "Binh djnh" MiSn Nam trong 18 thang

D. Hai van Tang ni PhSt t u Hue bieu tinh.

C. " B i n h djnh" M i e n Nam c6 trong diem.

E. Hoa thugng J h i c h Quang Due t u thieu.

D. " B i n h djnh" tren toan Mien Nam.

G. 70 van quan chiirig Sai Gon b i l u tinh.

C a u 78. So luong ap chien luffc ma M I - Nguy da xay dyng cf mien Nam nam

H . Ngo Dinh Diem bj lat do.

1963 la bao nhieu va den nam 1965 con lai bao nhieu?

I . C h i l n thang Binh GTa (Ba Ria).

A. 1963: 7:500 den 1965 con: 3.250

B. 1963: 7.512 den 1965 con: 2.000

32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. A

C. 1963: 7 . 5 0 0 ^ n 1965 con: 2.200

D. 1963: 7.515 d i n 1965 con: 3.300

41. D 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. B 49. C

C a u 79. Nguyen nhan co" ban nhat dua den cuoc dao chinh cua Dwang V a n
Minh lat do chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem?
A. Do ngi bg chinh quyen Nguy mau t h u l n .
B. Do MT giat day cho tuong ITnh Duong Van M i n h .
C. Do chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem suy yeu.
D. Do phong trao 6k\h thang Igi vang dgi cua nhan dan mien Nam tren lal
ca cac mat tran.

50. B 51. A 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. D 56. A 57. D 58. D
59. D 60. C 61. C 62. B 63. C 64. D 65. A 66. B 67. D

68. D 69. A 70. C 71. C 72. A 73. A 74. C 75. D 76. B
77. B 78. C 79. D
80. 1: D , 2: G, 3:E, 4: H , 5: C, 6: A , 7: K, 8: B, 9: F, 10:1, 11 : L .

165


Bdi 14

fnang mien Nam hoan toan c6 du kha nang danh thing de quoc MT ve quan sy
trong chien luoc "Chi^n tranh cue bg" von la chi^n luoc ciia MT hy vgng gianh
N H A N D A N H A I M I E N N A M B A C T R l / C T I E P D U O N G D A U VOl
thang Igi bang sue manh quan su. Tu do, khip niem Nam dky len phong trao "tim
D E Q U O C M I X A M L l / O C (1965-1973)
IVlT ma danh, tim nguy ma diet".
I. MIEN NAM C H I E N DAU CHONG " C H I E N TRANH C U C BO" C U A Mi
; - Ti^p'do quan dan mien Nam dap tan hai cugc phan cong mua kho eua MT:
(1965-1968)
+ Mua kho 1965-1966: MTda tien hanh 450 cugc hanh quan Ion nho vao hai
1. Chien lirffc "chlen tranh cue bo" cua Mi a mien Nam
jiuong chinh do la, dong bang Khu V va niem Dong Nam bg cham tieu di^t quan
chu luc va ca quan dau nao khang chien cua ta, gianh lai the chu dgng tren chien
- DSu 1965, truac su pha san eua chien luge "chien tranh dae biet", MT dg
ehuyen sang th^rc hi^n "chien tranh eye bp" a mien Nam va ma rgng chien tranh
truong.
«>
pha hoai mien Bac.
Quan dan ta da danh bai quan djch tren mgi huang tan cong, ket qua ta da
- Chien luge "chien tranh cue bg" la hinh thuc chien tranh thuc dan mai dugc ^Toai khoi vung chien dAu 104.000 ten djch trong do c6 42.000 linh MT va 3.500 linh
tien hanh bang quan vien chinh MT, quan chu hau va quan nguy tay sai. Trong do

chu hau.
quan MT giiJ vai tro quan trgng va khong ngung tang len ve so lugng, trang bj chien
+ Mua kho nam 1966 - 1967: MTtiln hanh 895 cugc hanh quan lan nho ma
tranh nham chong lai each mang mien Nam.
tieu bieu la cugc hanh quan Gianxon Xiti danh vao mien Dong Nam bg nham tieu
- Dk. tien hanh "chien tranh cue bg", tir thang 3/1965 MT da ao at dua quan vien
diet quan chu luc va ca quan dau nao khang chien cua ta. Quan dan ta da d6ng loat
chinh vao mien Nam luc dau la 20 van roi sau tang len 40 van, luc cao nhat len 58
ma cugc phan cong danh tan cac cugc hanh quan "tim diet" va "binh djnh" cua
van cung vai hang chuc van chu hau (Nam Trieu Tien, Thai Lan, JUc, Tan Tay Lan,
djch. Da loai khoi vong chien dau 151.000 ten djch, trong do c6 68.200 linh MT va
Philippin). Chung thuc hien am muu quoc te hoa cugc chien tranh. Vua vao mien
5.540 linh chu liAu.
Nam, chung da ra sue xay dung cac can cu quan su lan nhu: Da Ning, Chu Lai,
- Phong trao dau tranh chinh trj bang sir noi day ciia quan chung a thanh thj va
Cam Ranh, Vung Tau, Tan San Nhat.
nong thon, chong kim kep, triing trj bgn ac on, pha kp chien luge, doi MT cut ve
MT da tien hanh nhiSu cugc hanh quan "tim diet". M a d4u la cugc hanh quan
nuac, doi ty do dan chii c4ng dien ra soi noi, vung giai phong ngay cang dugc md
"Anh sang sao" danh vao vung can cu giai phong a Van Tuang thuoc (Binh Son rgng, uy tin cCia Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam Vi^t Nam ngay cang len cao.
Quang Ngai) va nhieu cugc hanh quan trong hai cugc phan cong chien luge mua
Cuoc t6ng tien cong va noi day l e t Mau than 1968
kho nam 1965-.1%6; 1966-1967 nhSm "tim diet" va "binh djnh".
B | ! a. Hoan canh
2. Mien Nam chien dau chong "Chien tranh cue bo" cua Mi
Wk - 1968 la nam bau cu tong thong MT, cac phe phai trong ngi bg MT nky sinh mau

I

Truac am muu mai ciia djch, Dartg ta da phan tich tinh hinh, so sanh luc lugng.

phan tich chg manh, cho yeu cua ta va djch, tu do ha quyet tam danh thang chien
luge "chiln tranh cue bp" cua MT. Quan dan mien Nam vai y chi quyet chien,
quyet thSng giac MT xam luge, dugc su chi vien, phoi hop chien dau cua quan dan
xmhn Bac, da anh dung chien dSu lien tiSp gianh thang Igi.
- M a dau vao 5/1965 mot dai dgi quan giai phong da danh bai mot dai dgi quan
MT tai Nui Thanh (Quang Nam). ChiSn thSng Nui Thanh da chung to kha nang ta
CO the danh thang MT.
- Dae biet 18/8/1965, tai Van Tuang (Quang Ngai) bg dgi chu lye cua ta da dyng
dSu vai chu lire ciia MT. Vai luc lugng 9.000 ten linh thuy danh bg, c6 hang tram
may bay, xe tang xe bgc thep va nhieu tau chien ciia ham doi 7 MT yem trg, can quet
Van TuoTig. Mat khae so lugng va trang bj it han djch nhieu lan, cac luc lugng vu
trang giai phong da chien dau v6 cimg dung cam, muu tri, linh boat.
Ket qua: Ta da dift 919 ten djch, ban rai va pha huy 23 may bay, 22 xe tang va
xe bgc thep. Dap tan hoan toan cugc can quet qui mo Ion cua djch.
Vai chien thang Van Tuang chung to lire lugng vu trang mien Nam hoan toan
du sue m^nh duong dau va danh bai dgi quan viln chinh MT. Chung to rang each
166

^ « S n ma chiing ta c6 the Igi dung dugc.
• So sanh tuang quan luc lugng sau hai cugc phan cong chien luge mua kho c6
^ p i cho ta. Tinh hinh kinh te - chinh trj - xa hgi ciia MT gap nhidu kho khan, tinh
Hian binh linh MT giam sut.
B : Lgi dyng tinh hinh tren ta chu dgng ma cugc tong cong kich tong khai nghTa
B i n toan mien Nam, chu y l u danh vao cac do thj.
H
b. Mm tieu cm cuoc tong cong kich, tong khai nghia la tieu di^t mot bg phan
^Bian trgng quan vien chinh MT, danh sap ngyy quan nguy quyen, gianh thang Igi
^ f c y e t djnh, bugc MT dam phan va rut quan ve nuac.
B
c. Dien bien: Dem 30/1/1968

B ^ y va tan cong vao h$ thong phong ngy ciia djch khap mien Nam. Danh vao 64 vj
^ • i , can cu quan su, cac khu hau can, san bay, ben cang. Trong do c6 nhirng thanh
W^o Ian nhu Sai Gon, Hue, Da Nang ta lam chu dugc nhieu ngay. Dong thai danh
^Bio cac sao huy^t ca quan dau nao cua djch Toa dai su MT, Dinh doe lap, Bg tong
Bpam muu nguy, cac bg tu l?nh quan chung, quan doan, chi khu quan sy...
W d. Ket qua: Trong vong hon mgt tuan l l , quan ta da gianh dugc nhung thang Igi
ito lan:
1671


+ Loai khoi vong chien dau 147.000 ten djch, 43.000 ten MT, tieu diet gQn 29
tieu doan (c6 9 tieu doan MT) pha 1.500 may bay 4000 xe quan sir, hang loat kho
bom dan, xang dku, buc rut va bi'ic hang tren 700 d6n bot.
+ Da buy dpng dugc hang trieu quSn chung xuong du-ong tham gia chien dSu
gianh quyen lam chii, giai phong ban 1000 thon ap va 1,2 trieu dan.
e. Ynghia: Tuy c6 nhung han che nhung do la thang loi Ion cua ta:
- Giang mot don quyet djnh vao chien luge "chien tranh cue bo" ciia de quoc M l
lam lung lay y chi quyet tam xam luge cua MT, buoc chung phai xuong thang chien
tranh, tuyen bo phi MT hoa chien tranh, cham dirt khong d i ^ kien chien tranh pha
hoai mien Nam, chap nhan ngoi vao dam phan Pari de giai quyet van de cham dirt
chien tranh a Viet Nam.
- Thang Igi cua tong tien cong va noi day mua xuan 1968 da ma ra mot birac
ngoat cua cupc khang chien chori-g MT cuu nuoc. Day la thang Igi thi'r ba va buoc
nhay vgt thir hai cua each mang mien Nam. Noi len sir phat trien nhanh chong,
virng vang cua each mang mien Nam.
- De lai nhieu bai hoc kinh nghiem ve chi dao tien hanh tien cong va noi day.
I I . M I E N B A C C H O N G C H I E N T R A N H P H A H O A I L A N THlT N H A T C U A

Mi,

CHII
LOfN (1965 - 1968)

T I E P T U C X A Y DUTVG

H A U PHUOTVG

NGHIA X A H O I V A L A M N G H I A VIJ

1. Ml mo' rong chien tranh pha hoai mien B^c Ian thu- nhat
- Ngay 5/8/1964 dirng nen "Sir kien Vjnh Bac Bg", MT cho may bay nem bom
pha hoai mot so noi a mien Bac va den ngay 7/2/1965 MT chinh thuc gay ra cupc
chien tranh pha hoai bang khong quan va hai quan Ian thu nhat tren toan mien BSc.
- Tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu nhat a mien Bac, MT thuc hien am
muu: pha tiem lire kinh te, quoc phong, pha cong cupc xay dung chu nghTa xa hpi d
mien B 4 C ; ngan chan nguon chi vien tir ngoai vao mien Bac va tir mien Bac vao
mien Nam; uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay quyet tam ch6ng MT cua nhan dan ta o
hai miSn dSt nuac.
- D 6 thuc hien am muu do, MT huy dpng mot lire lirgng khong quan va hai quan,
ca nhirng loai mai nhat nhu B52, Fm, va voi cac loai vu khi hien dai, cho may bay,
tau chiSn bSn pha lien tuc, khSp mgi noi, mpi luc, trong mpi thoi tiet voi cuong dp
ngay cang tang.
Khong quan va hai quan MT tap trung danh vao cac myc tieu quan sir, dau moi
giao thong, Nha may, xi nghiep, ham mo, cong trinh thuy Igi, khu dong dan. Chiing
danh ca truong hpc, nha tre, benh vien, khu an duang, den chiia, nha tho... Bom
dan ciia MT da tan pha bi§t bao cua cai, bao co so kinh te, cong trinh van hoa, giao
dye, y te ma nhan dan da tao nen trong han 10 nam truac do.
2. Mien B^c chong chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu- nhat cua MT, vira chien dau
vira san xuat
- Ngay sau khi MT ma rpng chien tranh pha hoai, mien Bac da kjp thai chuyen

mpi boat dpng phii hgp vai hoan canh mai, thuc hi^n quan sir hoa toan dan, dao
dip cong sir chien dau, ham hao phong tranh, to chuc sa tan, phan tan nguai va ciia
khoi nhung vung trpng diem, nhOng noi dong dan de tranh thiet hai.
168

- Vai tinh than "Khong c6 gi qui hon dgc lap tir do", quan dan mien Bftc da soi
n6i tham gia cac phong trao thi dua yeu nuoc chong MT ciru nirac: lire lupng vQ
trang neu cao khAu hieu: "NhSm thSng quan thu ma ban", c()ng nhan neu quyet
tam: "Chic tay sting vung tay biia" nong dan "Chac tay sung, virng tay cay" thanh
nien "Ba sSn sang" phii nu "Ba dam dang".
- Trong hon 4 nam chong chien tranh pha hoai (5/8/1964 den 1/1 1/1968) quan
dan m\hn Bac da ban roi 3234 may bay, diet va bat song hang ngan giac lai, ban
chay va ban bi thuong 143' tau chien va tau biet kich. Ngay 1/11/1968 MT phai
ngu'ng nem bom danh pha mien Bac.
- Trong khi do, san xuat tiep tuc dirge day manh. Trong cong nghiep, nang lire
san xuat a mot so nganh dupe giir vung. Rieng cong nghiep dja phuong va cong
nghiep quoc phong c6 tang len so vai truac chien tranh. Trong nong nghiep, dien
tich canh tac dupe ma rpng, nang suat lao dpng khong ngiing tang len, ngay cang
CO nhieu hgp tac xa, nhieu dja phuong dat 3 miic tieu.
- Tren Mat tran giao thong van tai, mot trong nhung trpng diem bSn pha cua
djch, ta dam bao thuong xuyen thong suot. Van hoa, khoa hpc ky thuat, van hpc
nghe thuat cung dupe phat trien, phuc vu dSc luc cho nhiem vu chinh trj va dai
song nhan dan.
- Nha nhiJng no luc phi thuong trong san xuat va chien dau ciia giai cap cong
nhan, nong dan tap the, ciia toan dan cung vdi su giiip da to Ion, c6 hi^u qua ciia cac
nuac xa hpi chii nghTa va loai nguai tien bp, nhiJng nhu c4u chien dau tai cho va a
mien Nam ciing vai nhung nhu cau thiet yeu ciia dai song nhan dan dirge dap ling.
3 . Mien Bac lam nghTa vu hau phu-ong Ion
- Ngay tir khi de quoc MT c6 hanh dpng leo thang ma rpng chien tranh xam luge
ra ca nuac. Nghi quylt Trung uong Ian thu 11 (Thang 3/1965) va Ian 12 (12/1965)

da xac djnh ro: Chong MT cuu nuoc la nhiem vu thieng lieng nhat ciia dan tpc ta,
mien Bac la hau phuong Ion, con mien Nam la tien tuyen Ion.
- Voi vai tro hau phuong Ion, trong nhung nam chong MT, ngay ca trong dieu
ki^n chien tranh ac liet, bi chien tranh tan pha nang ne, mien Bac luon huang ye
mien Nam, san sang dap ung mpi yeu cau ciia tien tuyen Ian: "Thoc khong thieu
mot can, quan khong thieu mot nguai" va hai mien rupt thjt, mien BSc thi dua phan
dau "moi nguai lam viec bang hai".
- Tuyen duang van chuyen chien luge B A C - Nam mang ten Ho Chi Minh tren
bp (dpc theo phia Tay day Truong San) va tren bien (dpc theo bo bien Vi^t Nam)
bat dau dupe khai hoang tu thang 5/1959 ngay cang vuon dai va ma rpng.
- Qua hai tuyen duang van chuyen chien luge ay, trong 4 nam (1965-1968)
ien BSc da dua vao mien Nam hon 300.000 can bp, bp dpi tham gia chien dau va
hue vu chi^n dau, tham gia"xay dung kinh te, van hoa tai cac viing giai phong
ung vai hang chuc van tan vu khi dan dupe, quan trang, quan dung, xang dau,
lirong thirc, thuc pham thu6c men... Tinh chung trong 4 nam, so lugng nguai va vat
chat chuyen vao mien Nam tang gAp 10 l4n so voi thai ky trirac.
- Sir chi vi?n to Ian ciia m\kn BSc la mot trong nhifng nhan t6 c6 tinh chat quyet
djnh thang Igi ciia quan va dan Viet Nam trong cugc chidn d^u ch6ng chien luge
"Chien tranh eye bp" ciia MT - Nguy.
1691


I I I . MIEN NAM C H I E N DAU CHONG " V I E T NAM HOA" C H I £ N TRANH,
PHOI HgfP V 6 l L A O VA CAMPUCHIA CHONG "DONG DUONG HOA
C H I E N T R A N H " CUA MI ( 1969-1973)
1. Chien luoc "Viet Nam hoa" va "D6ng Duong hoa" chien tranh ciia MI
- Dau nam 1969 Nichxon len lam tdng thong va de ra hoc thuy^t Nichxon. Ve
chinh tri la "chien luge hoa binh" ve quan su la chien luge "ngan de thuc te". thay
the cho chien luge "phan ung Iinh hoaf da bj that bai.
- Ap dung hoc thuyet Nichxon vao Viet Nam va Dong Duong, quan MT da cho

thirc nghiem "Viet Nam hoa" va "Dong Duong hoa" chi^n tranh.

- "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh la hinh thuc chien tranh thuc dan moi cua MT
dugc tien hanh bang quan dgi nguy tay sai, c6 sir ho trg dang kk ciia lire lugng
chien dau MT, do c6 van MT chi huy vai trang bj hoa lire cua MT d8 chong lai each
mang va nhan dan mi^n Nam.
- Thuc chat cua "Viet Nam hoa" va "Dong Du'ong hoa" chien tranh la nhSm lam
giam bot xuang mau cua MT tren chiln truong, xoa dju du luan ciia nhan dan MT va
nhan dan the gioi, tiep tuc thuc hien chien tranh xam luge.
- De thuc hien ke hoach nay, Nich xon dasvach ra mot k6 hoach toan dien.
* Ve quan su va chinh tri:
- Rut dan quan MT va quan chu hau, tang quan nguy len 1 trieu, tang cuang
huan luyen va trang bi cho quan ng^iy.
- Tang cuang vien trg cho Nguyin Van Thi?u, giup Thi^u cung c6 chinh quyen.
- Tim mgi each ngan can cac nguon tiep te miSn BSc vao mi8n Nam, ma rgng
chien tranh sang chien truong Dong Duong, thuc hi^n "Dong Duang hoa" chiln
tranh, gay chia re giua 3 nirac Dong Duong.
* Ve kinh te:
- Tang cuofng vien trg kinh te, dua luang thiic,.thuc pham vao mien Nam.
- D6n tat ca 14 trieu d6ng bao mien Nam vao vung chung kiem soat thyrc hien
cai ggi la "vien trg" cho dong bao mien Nam.
* Ve van hoa:
Dung bao chi, phim anh de tuyen truyen, xuyen tac each mang, lam cho thanh
nien mien Nam quen di noi nhyc mat nuoc, sSn sang di linh cho MT.
* Ve ngogi giao:
- Lgi dung mau thuin trong cac nuac xa hoi chu nghTa, dac bi^t^Ja mau thuin
giiJa Lien X6 va Trung Quoc de gay svrc ep v6i ta, c6 lap ta.
- " Viet Nam hoa" chidn tranh la mot k^ hoach chien tranh toan di^n nhung ke
hoach nay cung chi la san pham ciia the thua, the that bai nen-jtgay tir d§u no da
chira dung nhieu mau thuIn va mang nhieu mam mong ciia sir that bai.

ThSng Ipi chinh trj: Ma dau la ngay 6/6/1969 chinh phu Cach mang Lam thofj
cgng hoa mien Nam Viet Nam dugc thanh lap. Vi!ia moi ra doi. Cong hoa mien Nam
Viet Nam dugc 23 nude cong nhan, trong do c6 21 nuoc dat quan he ngoai giao.
- Nam 1969 quan dan mien Nam ma cugc tan cong chien luge tren toan mien
Nam, lien tuc danh vao cac vi tri, cac can cu quan su, cac ca quan. cac kho tang
ciia djch.
- Trong 2 ngay 24 va 25/4/1970, dai dien ba nuoc Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia
tien hanh Hoi nghj cap cao khdng djnh quyet tarn doan ket chien dau chong MTciia
nhan dan ba nuoc.
- Cung trong thai gian tren ph6i hop chien dau, quan dan 3 nuoc Viet Nam,
Lao, Campuchia da dap tan cugc hanh quan xam luge ciia 10 van quan MT Nguy,
d4p tan cugc hanh quan lan chiem canji dong Chum - Xieng Khoang (Lao).
- Tu 12 d^n 23/3/1971 quan dan ta c6 su ho trg va phoi hgp chien dau cua quan
dan Lao da danh bai cugc hanh quan L^m Son 719 cua 4,5 van quan MT Ngyy tai
duang 9 Nam Lao.
- Khap cac do thj mien Nam phong trao ciia cac tang lap no ra lien tuc, dac biet
t^i cac thanh pho Ian nhu: Hue, Da Nang, Sai Gon, phong trao hoc sinh, sinh vien
n6 raram rg, thu hut dong dao cac tang lap nhan dan tham gia: "Xuong duang"
"Daymadi".
- Tai cac vung nong thon, dong bSng, rung nui, ven thj... phong trao quan chiing
n6i day pha "ap chi§n luge", chdng "binh dinh" cua MT nguy.
3. Cuoc tien cong chien liroc 1972
Phat huy thang lgi tren cac mat tran quan su, chinh trj trong hai nam 1970 1971 quan dan ta da ma cugc tien cong chiSn luge bat dau tu 30/03/1972. Ma dau
danh vao Quang Trj, lay Quang Trj lam huang tan cong chu yeu, tu Quang Trj phat
triln khap chien truong mien Nam. Day la mot cugc ti6n cong vai quy mo Ian va
cuang do manh.
Sau don bat nga, quan nguy vai sy yem trg ciia hoa luc, khong quan, hai quan
MT, da phan cong lai gay cho ta mot so thi^t hai. Luc do MT gay tra lai chien tranh
pha hoai miSn BSc trong 12 ngay dem.

* Ket qua:
Sau gan 3 thang chien dau (6/1972) quan dan ta da gianh thing lgi to Ian, loai
khoi vung chien dau 10 van quan M T - N g u y , giai phong nhieu vung dat dai rgng
Ion hon mot trieu dan.
t
* Y nghTa:
I
Cugc ti^n cong chiSn luge 1972 da tao mot buac ngoat cho cugc khang chien
[chong MT, da giang mot don manh vao quan nguy (cong cu chii ySu) vao quoc sach
|binh djnh (xuang song) cua chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" lam cho chien
I luge Vi^t Nam hoa bj that bai._ .
1IV. M I E N B A G K H A C P H U C H A U Q U A C H I E N T R A N H , C H O N G C H I E N T R A N H

2. Mien Nam dau tranh chong "Vift Nam hoa" chien tranh va "Dong Du'o'ng
hoa" chien tranh cua Mr

P H A H O A I L A N T H U H A I C U A MI, T I E P T U C X A Y D U N G C H U NGHIA X A HQI V A

- Thua thang trong chien luge chi6n tranh cue bg, Trung uong Dang quyet djnh
tidp tuc chien luge tin cong, kien quyet danh bai chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chi6n
tranh cua MT.

1. Mien BSc khdc phuc hau qua chien tranh, khoi phuc va phat trien kinh te
'
Ngay 1/11/1968, MT cham dut nem bom hoan toan chien tranh pha hoai Ian
thu nhat d6i vai midn Bkc. Hoa binh dugc lap lai a mi8n BSc, Dang va Chinh phu
171

170

cm VIEN C H O

MIEN NAM

(1969-1973)

-

.

Ji


ta chu truong khac phuc hau qua chien tranh, khoi phuc va phat trien kinh te, phat
tri^n van hoa. cham lo doi song nhan dan, ra sue chi vien cho tien tuyen o mien Nam.
- M Q I hoat dong san xuat va do! song tro lai binh thuong. Cac ca quan Nha
nuoc va nhan dan roi noi so tan. Cac co so san xuat cong nghiep, nong nghiep
nhanh chong dugc phuc hoi. Cac cong trinh cong cgng dugc sira chCra va lam m a i .
Cau cong, duong sat, nhk la cac t u y i n duang chien luge, con duang mang ten
" D u o n g H 6 C h i M i n h tren b g " hay " D u o n g Truong Son" va " D u o n g Ho C h i M i n h
tren bi^n"... dugc khan truong khoi phuc van hoa, giao due, y t^ duge phuc hoi, 6b\
song nhan dan on dinh.

- Cugc tap kich 24 tren 24 gia trong ngay, bSt dau tir 18/12/1972 d i n 29/12/1972.
Trong 12 ngay dem MTda rai xiiong Ha N o i , Hai Phong va mot so muc tieu phia Bic
vT tuyen 20 mot khoi lugng bom dan 10 van tan (rieng Ha N o i 4 van tin) vai sue
cong pha bang 5 qua bom nguyen t u nem xuong Nhat Ban nam 1945.
- N h a doan dugc am muu eiia djch, t u do c6 su chuan bj tot ve t u tuong va t6
chuc, lue lugng va phuong tien, quan dan ta a mien Bac da danh tra dich nhung
don dich dang t u tran dau va da danh bai hoan toan cugc tap kich chien luge lam

nen tran " D i e n Bien Phu tren khong".

- K i n h te dja phuong va kinh te Trung uong dugc day manh. Trong nong nghiep
ta CO mot so chu truong khuyen khich san xuat, chan nuoi. Cac hgp tac xa tich evre
ap dyng tien bg khoa hgc ky thuat, ap dung nhieu bien phap ky thuat tham canh
tang vu. Nhieu giong li'ia mai dugc dua vag trSng cay tren mot dien tich rgng. N h o
do, nhi^u hgp tac xa dat dugc muc tieu 5 tan/1 hec ta. M o t so hgp tac xa dat 6 - 7
tan. Trong cong nghiep, ta uu tien dau t u xay dung tiep nhung cong trinh dang lam
da de nhanh chong dua vao hoat dong nhu Nha may dien thae Ba.... U u tien phat
trien mot so nganh cong nghiep quan trong nhu: dien, than, ca k h i , vat lieu, xay
dyng.... gia t n san lugng cong nghiep nam 1971 tang 142% so vai nam 1968.

- Ngay 30/12/1972, Chinh phu MT tuyen bo ngung mgi hoat dgng chdng pha
m i l n Bac tir vT tuyen 20 tra ra, va den ngay 15/1/1973 thi tuyen bo ngung hoan
toan cac hoat dgng chong pha mien Bac de ky vol Chinh phii ta Hiep djnh Pari.

2. Mien Bac chong chien tranh pha hoai Ian thir hai, vua chien dau, vira san
xuat

ngu, CO 60% so do len duang bo sung cho eae chien truong a mien Nam va ea Lao,

Ket qua: Quan dan mien Bac da ban rai gkn 740 may bay cac loai, cimg vai
hang tram giae lai bj loai khoi vong chien dau. Rieng tran " D i e n Bien Phu tren
khong" m i l n Bic

- Trong 3 nam (1969-1971), hang chuc van thanh nien m i l n Bic

duge ggi nhap

nam truoc do.

- Mae dau chien tranh pha hoai eiia MT nhung mien bae van chi vien cho ehiln
truong mien Nam va ca Lao, Campuehia. Khoi lugng vat chat dua vao chien truong
mien Nam nam 1972 tang len 1,7 Ian so vai nam 1971. Trong nam 1972, m i l n Bac
da dgng vien tren 22 van thanh nien, bo sung eho lire lugng vQ trang va dua vao ba
nuac Dong Duong nhieu don vj bg dgi dugc huan luyen va trang bi day dii.
V. D A U T R A N H T R E N M A T T R A N N G O A I G I A O , H I E P D I N H P A R I

VE

V I E C C H A M D U T C H I E N TRANH, LAP LAI HOA BINH 6 V I E T NAM
1. Hoan canh Ijch sir
- Do lien tiep bj that bai nang ne a ca hai mien nuoe ta, lai muon gianh thang Igi
trong cugc tranh cu Tong thong vao dau thang 11/1972, Nichxon dung thu doan liii
buae trong thuong lugng vai ta a Pari va xuong thang chien tranh pha hoai Mien Bac.

- N h a chuan bj truoc, quan dan mien Bic da gianh the chu dong, kip thai ch6ng
tra va gianh thang Igi gion gia ngay tir dau.

172

•

Campuehia. Khoi lugng vat chat dua vao chien truong tang len gap 1,6 Ian so vai 3

- Cugc chien tranh pha hoai Ian thi'r hai cua Nichxan da vugt xa euoc chien
tranh pha hoai Ian t h u nhat eiia Gionxan ea ve qui mo, t6c do va cuang do danh
pha nhat la da sir dung mot each pho bien, tap trung cac loai may bay hien dai nhat,
nhu B52, Fii v a i y do cuu van that bai cua chien luge " V i e t Nam hoa" chien tranh
va tao the manh tren ban dam phan a Pari.

- Dau thang 10/1972, phai doan MTden Pari de noi lai eugedam phan da bj gian
doan til' thang 3/1972. Trong cugc tiep xiic rieng vai dai dien MT ngay 8/10/1972
tai Pari, ta dua ra d u thao " H i e p djnh v l cham du1 c h i l n tranh lap lai hoa binh a
Viet N a m " va d l nghj thao luSn d l di d i n ky k i t . Ngay 17/10/1972, van ban Hi$p
djnh hoan tat va hai ben thoa thuan ngay ky chinh thuc. D I di den ky chinh thuc
Hi^p djnh, ngay 22/10/1972, Nichxon tuyen b6 ngung mgi hoat dgng chdng pha
niien B i c t u vT t u y i n 20 tra ra.

mot Ian niJa chuyen hirong, cac hoat dgng san xuat.va xay
tre, giao thong v$n tai dam bao thong su6t, cac hoat dgng
hoi nhu: van hoa, giao due, y te van dugc duy t r i va phat
nhirng dai song van dam bao dk ti6p tuc san \ixkt va chien

- Khong dat duge muc tieu mong muon, cuoi nam 1972 MT tang euang han nffa
hoat dgng chien tranh chong pha mien B5c. Ngay 14/12/1972, ehfnh quyen Nieh
X a n phe chuan ke hoach m a cugc tap kich bSng may bay c h i l n luge B52 danh Ha
N o i va Hai Phong, v a i muu toan gay eho nhan dan ta nhirng thiet hai \k nguai va
cua d i n muc khong ehju dung noi phai khuat phuc.

.

3. Mien Bac chi vien cho mien Nam

- T u ngay 6/4/1972, mot tu&n sau khi quan ta a mihn Nam bat dSu cugc tien
cong chien luge, MTeho khong quan va hai quan danh gia mot so nai thugc khu ! V
cu. Ngay 16/4/1972, Nichxon tuyen bo chinh thuc cugc chien tranh pha hoai mien
Bic Ian thu hai. Den ngay 9/5/1972, Nichxan lai tuyen bo tang cuofng, ma rgng qui
mo danh pha va phong toa cang Hai Phong cung cac cua song, luong lach, vung
bi^n mien Bac.

- K i n h te mien Bac
dung khong bj ngung
khac eiia dai song xa
trien. Nhan dan so tan
dau thang Igi.

bin rai 81 may bay trong do co 34 chile B52 (Ha N o i ban rai 30

chile, trong do eo 23 B 5 2 ) .

H

-'^f^hung sau khi da trung eir lai tong thong (08/11/1972), tap doan Nichxan t r a |
mat, doi xet lai van ban Hiep djnh da dugc thoa thuan, doi ta nhan nhirgng.
- D l ep ta nhan nhugng, ky mot Hiep dinh do MT dua ra, Nichxon am muu
gianh mot thang Igi q u y l t djnh v l quan su, cugc tap kich bang may bay chicn luge
173


B52 vao Ha N g i va ra Hai Phong trong 12 ngay dem cuoi 1972 nhSm muc dich do.
Nliung CLioc tap ki'ch da bj pha san hoan toan. That bai cua MTtren chi6n truong da
quy^t djnh that bai ciia chung tren ban thuong luong.
- Sau khi buQC phai cham dul hoan toan cac cugc nem bom ban pha va moi hoat
dong chien tranh ch6ng mien BSc, MT cu- dai dien den Pari de noi lai cuoc dam
phan. Dung tren tit the nguoi chien t h i n g , phai doan ta tai cuoc dam phan kien tri
dau tranh giu' vung noi dung ca ban cua dir thao Hiep dinh da dugc thoa thuan
ngay 22/10/1972. Qua nhieu cuoc trao d6i. den ngay 13/01/1973, ban du thao Hiep
djnh ve ca ban duoc thoa thuan.
- Hiep djnh Pari ve chc4m dut chi^n tranh, lap lai hoa binh o Viet Nam duoc ky
tat ngay 23/01/1973 giua dai dien hai chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa va

Hoa K i , den 27/01/1973 thi duoc ky chinh tlurc giua b6n bo truong dai dien cac
chinh phu tham gia hoi nghi, tai trung tam cac hoi nghj quoc t^ d Pari. Hiep djnh
bat dau CO hieu lu'c t u 7 gia sang ngay 28/01/1973.
2. Dien bien cua Hoi nghi

- MT phai rut het quan MT va quan chu hau cua MT ra khoi mien Nam trong vong
hai thang, ke t u ngay ky Hiep dinh, duoi sir quan sat ciia quan doi nhan dan Viet
Nam- MT cam ket khong duoc dinh liu ve quan sir, khong can thiep vao cong viec
npi bo cua miSn Nam Viet Nam, de cho nhan dart mikn Nam t u quyet djnh tuong
lai cua hp.
- Hai ben trao tra tu binh va dan thuong bi bat trong chien tranh.
- MT phai c6 trach nhiem tham gia dong gop vao viec han gan vet thuong chien
tranh a hai mien Nam - B k Viet Nam va tren toan Dong Duong.
- MT CO trach nhiem vot hk bom, min, thuy loi do MT tha xuong phong toa cac
cu'a song, cira bi^n a mien Bac Viet Nam.
- Cac ben cong nhan thuc t^ mi^n Nam c6 hai chinh quyen, hai quan doi va hai
lyc lugng chinh t r j .
V a i nhung noi dung tren ta da dat diroc hai dieu kien ca ban: T h u nhat la MT rut

.

Hoi nghj keo dai gkn 5 nam v6i 202 phien hop cong khai, 24 cuoc t i l p xi'ic rieng
va phai trai qua hai giai doan

quan; hai la quyen t u quyfit cua nhan dan mien Nam duoc ton trong.
4. Y nghia
- Day la t h i n g Igi Ion cua ta. Lan d i u tien sau 115 nam (1858) dat nuac ta sach

* Giai doan 1: Tit thang 5/1968 din het 1968
Thanh phan cua hoi nghi la hai ben: do la doan dai bieu cua Viet Nam Dan chu

Cong hoa va doan dai bieu Hoa K i .

bong quan xam luge. Tinh hinh do da tao nen mot su thay doi Ion ve tuong quan
luc lugng giua ta va djch. MT rut vk nuac, trong khi quan doi ta van a lai Mien
Nam, nguy tra nen bj c6 lap. Vien t r g cua MT cho nguy ngay cang bj cat giam.

- Lap truang cua chinh phu ta la: MT phai cham dut hoan toan khong dieu kien
viec nem bom nem pha mien Bac. Co nhu vay chung ta moi ban ve van de cham
d u l chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh a Viet Nam.

- Mien B i c c6 dieu kien thuan Igi de tang cuong chi vien ngay cang Ion cho
mien N a m , tao 6\ku kien va thai ca thuan Igi d l mien Nam t i l n ien gianh t h i n g Igi
cuoi Cling.

- Ket qua: Qua hon niia nam dSu tranh quyet Met, ta da bupc MT phai ngimg nem
bom ban pha mien Bac.
* G/a/^0(7/7 2.-Tu thang 01 /1969 den 01 /1973
'

Thanh phan: 4 ben.

- Hiep djnh Pari da tao ca sa phap ly de ta danh bai quan djch neu chung |ch6ng
thuc hien Hiep djnh.
lH

- T h i n g Igi ciia Hiep djnh Pari dS nang dan tgc ta ngang tam mot dan tgc di tien
phong trong viec chdng chu nghTa de quoc va thuc dan.

- Doan dai hiku Viet Nam Dan Chu Cong hoa.
- Doan dai bieu cua Mat tran dan toe giai pdong Mien Nam V i ^ t Nam

(06/06/1969 thay the bang doan dai bieu cua Chinh phu Lam thai cong hoa mien
Nam Viet Nam).
- Doan dai bieu cua Hoa K i .
- Doan dai b i l u ciia Viet Nam Cong hoa (Nguy).
+ N p i dung cua hoi nghj: Ta da doi MT phai rut quan, phai d l cho nhan dan
V i ? t Nam t u quyet dinh ISy tuo'ng lai chinh trj cua ho.
+ De lam hau thuan cho hoi nghj, quan va dan ca nuac da day manh dau
tranh danh djch tren tat ca cac chien trudng.
+ Qua 4 nam dau tranh vai dich a trong va ngoai hoi nghj, ta da buQC MT Nguy phai ky vao cac van ban cua hoi nghj vao 27/01/1973.
3. Noi dung cua H i e p d i n h
Hoa K i va cac nuoc tham dir hoi nghj cam k^t ton trong doc lap chii quyen,
thong nhat va toan v^n lanh th6 cua Viet Nam.
174

.A


Cau t2. Ghi thoi gian ba dot t4w»c6ng va n6i day cua quan dan ta^ trong Tet
Mau Than (1968)
A. Dcrt I:
..i
*

C. La loai hinh chien tranii thuc dan moi nham chong lai each mang mien Nam.
D. Tat ca cac dilm tren.
Cau 4. Cuoc hanh quan mang ten "Anh sang sao" nhSm thi diem cho "Chien
tranh cue bo" cua Mi dien ra a dau?
A.NiilThanh.,

B. Chu Lai.

C. Van Tuang.

C. Dot III:
Cau 13. Trong dot I cua cuoc tong cong kich, tong khoi nghla Tet Mau Than
1968, ta da loai khoi vong chien dau bao nhieu ten djch?
A. 175.000 ten dich.
B, 150.000 ten djch.

D. Ba Gia.

Cau 5. Tran do sire giua bo doi chu lye ciia ta va quan vien chinh MT 6' Van
Tu-o-ng (Quang Ngai) diin ra vao thtri gian nao?
A. Ngay 16 - 8 - 1965.
B. Ngay 18 - 8 - 1965.
C. Ngay 18 - 6 - 1965.

B. Dot II:

D. Ngay 16 - 5 - 1965.

Cau 6. Chien thang Van Tuwug (Quang Ngai) vao ngay 18 - 8 - 1968, chu-ng to
dieu gi?
A. Lire luong vu trang each mang mien Nam du sue duong dau va danh bai
quan vien chinh MT.

'

C.-43.000 ten djch.

Can 14. Han che Ion nhat lam muc tieu^tia cuoc tong cong kiCh, tong noi day
Tet Mau Than 1968 khong dat duae la gi?
A. Ta chii quan trong viec danh gia cao iuc luong cua minh, danh..gia thSp lire
,
• lugrn'g djch.
B. Do tu tuong nong voi, muon gianh thang loi Jon, ket thiic nhanh chien tranh.

B. Luc luong vu trang mien Nam da tru-ong thanh nhanh chong.

C. Chi d^o khong chii dong, kip thai dieu chinh ke hoach riit kh6i thanh-pho sau
dgtl.

C. Quan vien chinh MT da mat iD. Cach mang mien Nam da gianh thang loi trong viee danh bai "Chien tranh
cue bo" cua MT.
Cau 7. Cuoc phan cong chien lu-ffc mua kho (1965-1966) cua MT keo dai trong
bao lau, vm bao nhieu cuoc hanh quan Ion nho?
A. 5 thang, vai 540 cuoc hanh quan

,

loi va la bu-oc nhay vot thii-may cfla each mang mien Nam?
« A. Thang loi thu ba va la bu'ac nhay vot thu hai.

C. 86.000 ten djch.

D. 76.000 ten djch.

D. Thang Igi thir nam va la buae nhay vot thu hai.
Cau 16. Y nghIa Iffn nhat cua cuoc tfing c6ng kich, tong noi day Tet Mau Than

1968 la gi?
A. Da lam lung lay y chi xam lirgc ciia quan vien chinh MT, btipc chiing phai
tuyen bo phi MT hoa chien tranh xam luge.

Can 9. Trong chien luoc miia klio Ian thir hai MI da md' cac cuoc hanh quan then
chot danh vao mien Dong Nam Bo. Hay cho biet cuoc hanh quan nao Ion nhat?
A. At-ton-bo-ra.
B. Xe-dan-phon.
C. Gian-Xon- xi-ti.

D. Tat ca cac cugc hanh quan tren.

Cau 10. Trong mua kho Ian bai (1966-1967), quan dan ta da loai khoi vong
chien dau bao nhieu ten djch?
A. MO.OOOten
B. 150.000 ten.
C.I60.000ten.
D. 175.000 ten.
Cau 11. Vi sao vao Xuan 1968, ta chii truong mo' cuoc "t6ng cong kich, t6ng
khoi nghia" tren toan mien Nam?
A. Tinh hinh kinh tk, tai chinh cua MT dang khung hoang tram trong.
B. Djch bj that bai nang ne trong hai cuoc phan cong chien luge mua kho.
C. Tinh than y chi xam kroc cua MT giam si'it, mau thuan trong noi bo MT trong
nam bau cu tong thong.
D. Tatca cac li do tren.
176

•

C. Thang Igi thir tu va la biro'c nhay vot thu hai. .

Cau 8. Trong cuoc phan cong chign luwc mua kho (1965-1966) cua MT da bj
B. 67.000 ten djch.

'

B. Thang loi thii' ba va la buoc nhay yot thir nhat.

C. 7 thang, voi 550 cuoc hanh quan. D. 4 thang, vai 450 cuoc hanh quan.

A. 68.000 ten djch.

D. Luc lirong ciia djch con doilg, ca sa a thanh thi con manh.

Cau 15. Cuoc tong tien c6ng,ktfch va tdng noi day Tet Mau Than 1968 la thSng

B. 6 thang, voi 450 cuoc hanh quan.

quan dan mien Nam loai khoi vong chien dau bao nhieu ten djch?

D. 67.000 ten djch.

B. Bugc MT phai chSm diit khong dieu kien chien tranh pha hoai^ mien Bac.
C. MT phai din Hoi nghj Pa-ri d§ dam phan voi ta.
w
|:

D. Day la don danh bat nga, lam cho MT khong dam dira quan MT va quan chu
hau vao mien Nam.
^

-

Cau 17. MT chinh thirc gay chien tranh pha hoai mien B5c Ian thu nhat vao
thoi gian flao?
A.Ngay5 - 8 -1964.
- , "
B. Ngay 7 - 2 - 1965.
C.Ngay 8 - 5 - 1965.

D. Ngay 2 - 7 - 1965.

Cau 18. Am muu nao duoi day khong nSm trong am mu-u chien tranh pha
hoai mien BSc Ian thu- nhat ciia MT?
A. Pha tiem lire kinh te, pha cong cuoc xey dungchii nghTa xa hoi a mien Bac.
B. CiJ-u nguy cho chien luge "Chien tranh cue bg" a mien Nam.
177


C. Ngan chan nguon clii vi§n tir ben ngoai vap mien Bac va tir mi^n Bac vao
mien Nam.
D. Uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay quyet tarn chong MT cua nhan dan ta a hai
mien dat niroc.
CSu 19. Cuoc chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac Ian thi^ nhat cua MT keo dai
tronp^thoi gian nao?
A:'Tir5 - 8 - 1964 den 1 - 11 - 1968. B. Tir 7 - 2 - 1965 den 1-12 - 1968. C. T i r 8 - 5 - 1964 den 1 - 11 - 1968. D. Tir2 - 7 - 1964 den 11 - 1 - 1968.
Cau 20. Trong cuoc chien tranh pha hoai ian thir nhat cua MI, mien BSc da
ban rol bao nhieu may bay MI?
A. 2.343 may bay.

B. 3.234 may bay.

C. 2.334 may bay.

D. 3.243 may bay.

Cau 21. Cac khdu hieu trong phong trao thi dua yeu nu-oc, chong MI cifu nu-ffc
cua luc luo-ng vu trang, cua giai cap cong nhan, cua nong dan tap the:

6. Co sy ph6i hgp ciia mgt bg phan dang ke lire lugng chidn dau MT.
C. Duoi sir chi huy cua mot he thong c6 van quan su MT.
D. Cau A va B dung.
Cau 27. D I quan nguy c6 tM tir dirng virng, ty ganh vac lay chien tranh, MI
da lam gi?
A. Tang vien trg kinh te, giup quan nguy day manh chinh sach "binh djnh".
B. Tang dau tu v6n, kT thuat phat trien kinh te d mi6n Nam.
I C. Tang vien trg quan sir, giiip quan dgi tay sai tang so lugng va trang bj hien dai.
I D. Mo rgng chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac, tang cuong va mo rgng chien tranh
sang Lao va Cam-pu-chia.
Cau 28. Ngay 6-6-1969 g^n voi sy kiln Ijch sir nao cua dan toe ta?
A. Mat tran dan tgc giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam den Hgi nghj Pa-ri.
B. Hgi nghj cap cao ba nuoc Dong Duong.

A. Ciia lire lugng vu trang

• C. MT ma rgng tan cong pha hoai mien Bac Ian thir hai.

B. Cua cong nhan

D. Chi'nh phii lam thai Cong hoa mien Nam Viet Nam ra dai.
Cau 29. Dau nam 1969, Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh da dong vien tinh than chien

dau ciia quan dan ta nhir the nao?

C. Cua nong dan
Cau 22. Vi sao MI buoc phai tuyen bo ngirng han nem bom, ban pha mien B^c?

A. "He con mot thang MTthi ta phai chien dau quet sach no di".

A. Bj that bai trong "Chi^n tranh c\\c bo" a mien Nam.
B. Bj thiet.hai nang nk trong chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac.

B. " V i dgc'lap tu do, danh cho MT cut, danh cho nguy nhao".
C. "Nam mai thang Igi mai".

C. Bj nhan dan MT va nhan dan the gioi len an,
D. Bj thiet hai nang ne a ca hai mien Nam - Bac cuoi nam 1968.
Cau 23. ThSng loi cua quan dan mien Uic trong cuoc chien dau chong chien
tranh pha hoai Ian thir nhat cua MI da the hien dieu gi?
A. Khang djnh quyet tarn chong MT cuu nuoc cua nhan dan ta.

D. "Ti8n len! toan thing at ve ta".
Cau 30. Hay dien thoi gian vao cac sy kien sau cho phu ho'p:
TT
1

24 va25 - 4 - 1970

B. Gop phan lam king lay y chi xam luge cua MT.
C. Buoc MT phai riit quan ve nuoc.

canh dong Churn, Xieng Khoang (Lao).

~

.2

D. Cau a va b dung.
Cau 24. Dien vao cho trong cau sau day: "Nguon lire chi vien cung vol thang
loi cua quan dan mien Bac trong nhCrng nam 1965 - 1968 da gop phan quyef
djnh vao thSng loi ciia quan dan mien Nam troftg cuoc chien dau chong chien
tranh
cua MI-Nguy.
A. Chien tranh dan phuang.

B. Chien tranh dac biet.

C. Chien tranh cue bo.

D. Viet Nam hoa chi6n tranh.

Cau 25. Chien lu-ffc toan cau ma Nichxon de ra dau 1969 la gi?
' A. "Ben mieng ho chien tranh".
C. "Hoc thuyet Nichxon".

Sir K I E N

NIEN DAI

B. "Phan ung linh boat".
D. "Ngan de thirc te".

Cau 26. Diem khac nhau gifra "Chien tranh dac biet" va "Viet Nam hoa'

chien tranh la gi?

3

Dongxuan 1969- 1970 B
Duong.
1 2 - 2 d e n 2 1 - 3 - 1971

Hoi nghi cap cao ba nuac Dong

C
Dap tan cuoc hanh quan Lam Son
719, tai duang 9 Nam Lao.

Cau 31. Th^ng loi ciia quan dan ta phoi ho-p vo^i quan dan Lao trong vile
danh bai cuoc hanh quan Lam Son 719 tai duo-ng 9 Nam Lao da:
A. Loai khoi vong chien d4u 22.000 ten MT- nguy, quet sach quan MT - ngiiy
con lai a duang 9 Nam Lao, giu' hanh lang chien luge cua each mang a Dong
Duang.
B. Lam thSt bai hoan toan chien luge "Dong DuoTig hoa" chi6n tranh cua MT - nguy.
C. Loai khoi vong cbien dau 45.000 ten MT-nguy, giu vCrng hanh lang chign luge
each mang a Dong Duang.
D. Cau B va C dung.

A. Hinh thirc chi6n tranh thirc dan mai cua MT.
178

179

Cau 32. Phong triao dau tranh chinh tri trong thoi ki chong chien lu-ffc "Viet
Nam hoa" chien tranh cua MT o" mien Nam dien ra khSp Sai Gon, Hu^, Da
Ning..., trong do vai tro quan trong nhat thuoc ve giai cap nao?
A; Cong nlian, nong dan.
B. Dan nglieo thanh thi.
C. Tuoi tre,1ioc'sinh, sinh vien.
D. Cac to chuc Phat tu'.
Cau 33. Den dau 1971, each mang da gianh* dutfc quyen lam chii them bao
nhieu ap chien luoc? Voi bao nhieu dan?
A. 3^:000 ap vpi 6 trieu dan.
3,600 ap voi 3 trieii dan.
C. 6.300 ap vai,4 trieu dan.
D. 3.400 ap vai 3 trieu dan.
Cau 34. M6' dau cuoc tong tien cong chien lu-oc 1972, quan ta tan cong vao:
A. Tay Nguyen.

B. Dong Nam Bo.

C. Nam Trung Bo.

D. Quang Trj.

Cau 35. Cuoc tien cong chien \\rac 1972, dien ra trong thoi gian nao?
A. Tu 3-1972 den cu6i 5-1972.

B. Tu 3-1972 dSn cuoi 6-1972.

C.Tir 5-1972 den cuoi 6-1972.

D. Tir 4-1972 den cuoi 6-1972.

Caa 36. Y nghla nao du-oi day khong nam trong thang loi cua cuoc tong tien
cong chien lirtfc 1972?
A. Ma ra mot buoc ngoat clio cuoc khang chien chong iVIT.
B. Giang mot dbn manh me vaq quan nguy va quoc sach "-binh dinh"cua "Viet
Nam hoa" chien tranh.

Cau 40. Cuoc tap kich biing khong quan chien lirqfc cua MT trong 12 ngay dem
ciia Ml o- mien BSc dien ra vao thoj gian nao?
A. Tu-12-8-1972 ddn 29-12-1972.
B. Tu 18-12-1972 d6n 20-12-1972. •
C. Til-20-12-1972 dea 20-12-1972.
D. Tu 18-12-1972 den 29-12-1972.
CSu 41. Dien sy kif n vao cac moc thai gian sau:
^
A. 14 - 12 -1972
:
B. 30-12 - 1972
;
,
C. 15 -1-1973
Cau 42. Vi sao Mi chap nhanthu-ong luong voi Viet Nam p'Hoi nghj Pari?
A. Bj that bai trong chien tranh pha hoai mi^n Bac Ian thu nhat.
B. Bi danh bat nga trong cuoc tap kich chi^n luge cua ta vao Tk Mau Than 196S..
C. Bj that bai trong cuoc chien tranh pha hoai Ian thir hai.
D. Bj thua dau trong cuoc tgp kich chi^n luge 12 ngay dem danh phd mien B§c.
Cau 43. Cuoc thu-o-ng lu-ong chinh thirc hai ben giCra dai dien Chinh phii Viet
Nain dan chii Cong hoa va dai dien chinh phii Hoa K i 6' Pari dien ra vao thoi
gian nao?
' A . 3 1 - 3 -1968. B. 1 5 - 5 ^ 9 6 8 . C. 13 -3 -1968. D. 15 - 3-^1968.

Cau 44, Cuoc dam phan giira Chinh phu ta voi chinh phu Hoa K i bi gian doan
trong thoi gian nao?
A. Tir 3 den 9 - 1972'.
BrTir 3 den I I - 1972,

C. Buoc MT ngiing ngay cuoc nem bom danh pha mien Bac 12 ngay dem.
D. Buoc MT tuyen bo "MT hoa" tra lai chi^n tranh xam luge, thii'a nhan su that
bai cua chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh.
Cau 37. Nichxo'n da tuyen bo chinh thirc cuoc chi^n tranh pha hoai mien Bac
Ian thir hai vao thoi gian nao?
A. 6-4-1972..
B. 30-3-1972.
€.9-5-1972.
0.16-4-1972.
Cau 38. Tap doan Nichxon thyc hien CUQC chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac Ian
thir hai \ori y do gi?
A. Cuu nguy cho chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh va tao the manh tren
ban dam phan a Pari.
B. Ngan chan sy chi vi$n cua mien Bac doi voi mien Nam.

;

C. Lam lung lay y chi quyet tam chongMT cuu nuoc ciia nhan dan ta.
D. Phong toa cang Hai Phong va cac song, luong lach, vung bien mien Bao.
Cau 39. Quan dan ta da bin roi 651 may bay, bin chay va bj thuong 80 tau
chien MT, bat song hang tram ten giac lai. Do la ket qua cua sy kiln Ijch su- nao?
A. Danh bai cuoc chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu nliat cua MT a mien Bac.
B. Danh bai cuoc chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu hai cua MT a mien B5c.
C. Danh bai cuoc tap kich chien luge 12 ngay dem ciia MT ra mi^n BSc.
D. Danh bai hai Ian chien tranh pha hoai ciia MT a mien Bac.

189

C. Cau A va B dung.

D. Kholig he bj gian doan.

Cau 45. De di den dy thao Hiep djnh Pa-ri ve Viet Nam (10-1972), Hoi nghi
b6n ben a Pa-ri da trai qua bao nhieu phien hop chung va bao nhieu cuoc tiep
xiic rieng?
A. 120 cuoc hgp chung va 20 cugcTiep xuc rieng.
'
B. 202 cuoc hgp chung va 24 cuoc tiep xuc rieng.
C. 150 cuoc hgp chung va 15 cuoc tiep xuc rieng.
D. 180 cuge hgp chung va 26 cuoc tiep xiic rieng.
Cau 46. Sap xep lai cac sy kien sau day theo thir ty thoi gian:
A. Hoi nghi bon ben chinh thirc hgp phien dau tien tai Pa-ri.
B. Nichxon tuyen bo ngirng mgi hoat.dgng chong pha mien Bac tir vT tuyen 20
tra ra.

t
I''

C. Hgi nghi Paridua ra dir thao ve viec cham dut chiSn tranh lap iai hoa binh a
Viet Nam.

D. Van ban Hiep djnh dugc hoan tSt va hai ben thoa thuan ngay ky chinh thuc
I
hiep djnh Pari.
^
E. Tap doan Nieh xan tra mat, doi xet lai van ban Hiep djnh da dugc thoa thuan.

G. Hiep djnh Pari dugc ki chinh thuc.
H. Hiep djnh Pari dugc ki tat giCra dai dien hai chinh phu Viet Nam dan chii Cong
I
hoavaHoaKi.
f I. Hiep djnh Pari eo hieu lire thi hanh.
.ML


C a u 47. Hay xac djnh noi dung CO" ban cua Hiep djnh P a r i :

C a u 53. Diem nao trong cac diem sau day la diem khac nhau gifra "Chien
tranh cue bo" va "Chien tranh dac biet"?

A . Hoa K i va cac nuac cam ket ton trong doc lap, chu quyen, thSng nhat va toan
ven lanh tho ciia Viet Nam.

A. Sir dung luc lugng quan vien chinh MT. quan Dong minh va tien hanh dn'ikn
tranh pha hoai mien Bac.

B. Hoa K i rut liet quan vien chinh va quan chu hau ve nuac.

B. Sir dung c6 van M l , vu khi va phiro'ng tien chien tranh cua MT.

C. Cac ben de cho nhan dan mien Nam Viet Nam t u quy8t djnh tuong iai chinh
.frj cua ho thong qua cuoc tong tuyen cu t u do.

C. La loai hinhphien tranh thuc dan moi nham chong Iai each mang mien Nam.

D. Cac ben ngung ban tai cho. trao tra cho nhau tii binh va dan thuong bi bat.

Cau 54. T r a n do sue giua bo doi chu lyc ta va quan vien chinh MT 6' Van
Tuong (Quang Ngai) dien ra vao thoi gian nao?

C a u 48. Hay dien vac cho trong cau sau day cho dung:

"Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam la kit qua ciia cuoc ctdu tranh kien cw&ng, hat
khuat ciia
"
A . Quan dan mien Bac danh bai chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu hai cua MT.
B. Quan dan mien Nam danh bai chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh cua MT.
C. Quan dan ta tren ca hai mien dat nuac.
D. Quan dan mien Nam trong cuoc tien cong chien kro'c 1972.
C a u 49. Thang loi quan trong cua Hiep djnh Pari doi voi s y nghicp khang
chien chong MT ciiu nude nhu the nao?

A. 16 - 8 -1965

B. 18 - 8 -1965

C. 1 8 - 6 -1965

0 . 1 6 - 5 -1965

Cau 55. Mo' dau cao trao "Tim MT ma danh, tim Nguy ma diet" tren khap
chi£n truong mien Nam la y nghTa ciia chien thang nao?
A. A p B k

B. M i i a k h o 1965 - 1966

C. Van T u a n g

D. Mua kho 1966 -1967

Cau 56. Cuoc hanh quan nao cua quan doi vien chinh MT nham muc dich tim
kiem mot thang loi quan sy de gay thanh the cho linh thuy danh bo-MT?
A. Cuoc hanh quan cua MTtan cong Van Tuong - Quang Ngai (18.8.1965).
B. Cuoc phan cong mua khc 1965 - 1966.

A. Danh cho " M T c u t " "nguy nhao".
B. Pha san hoan toan chiSn luoc "Viet Nam hoa" chidn tranh cua MT.
C. Tao thai ca thuan igi de nhan dan ta t,ien len danh cho "nguy nhao".
C a u 50. Thcri diem nao lyc iuffng MT va quan Dong minh 6' mien Nam tang

C. Cuoc phan cong mua kho 1966 - 1967.
D. Ciigc hanh quan Gianxon Xity danh vao can cu Duong M i n h Chau (Bac Tay
Ninh).
Cau 57. Y nghTa quan trong nhat ciia chien thSng Van Tuong (Quang Ngai) la gi?
A . Chien thang Van Tuong dugc coi nhu la " A p Bac" doi voi quan MT.

ho'n 1 trieu quan?
A. 1966

D. A va B la diem khac nhau.

B. 1967

C. 1968

D. 1969

C a u 51. Chien iuoc "Chien tranh cue bo", du-crc sir dung theo cong thirc nao?
A. Cuoc c h i l n tranh xam krgc thirc dan m o i , tien hanh bang quan Nguy la chii
yeu + via khi + trang thiet bi hien dai cua MT.
B. Cuoc chJen tranh xam krgc thuc dan moi, tien hanh bang quan MT la chii yeu
+ quan Nguy + vu khi + trang thiet bj hien dai cua MT.
C. Cuoc chien tranh xam luge thuc dan moi, tien hanh b5ng luc lirgng quan doi
MT + quan Dong minh + quan Nguy + trang thiet bj hien dai cua MT.
D. Cuoc chien tranh xam luge thirc dan moi, tien hanh bang luc lugng quan doi
MT + quan Dong minh + trang thi^t bj hien dai cua MT.
C a u 52. Chien lu-ffc "Chien tranh cue bo" c6 d i l m gi khac cff ban so voi
"Chien tranh dac biet"?
A . Lire lugng quan doi Nguy giir vai tro quan trgng.
B. Luc lugng quan doi MT g i u vai tro quan trgng nhat.
C. Sir dung trang thiet bj, vij khi cua MT.
D . Lire lugng quan doi MT + quan Dong minh g i u vai tro quyet djnh.

B. Co vu quan dan ca nuac quyet tam danh thang MT.
C. Khang djnh kha nang c6 th^ danh thSng MT da tra thanh hien thuc.
D. Nang cao uy tin cua Mat tran dan tgc giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam.
C a u 58. T r o n g cuoc phan cong chien luoc mua kho (1965 - 1966) ciia MT nham
vao huong chinh nao?
A . Mien Dong Nam Bg.
B. Dong bang khu V va mien Dong Nam Bg.
C. D6ng bang khu V va mien Tay Nam Bg.
D. Mien Dong Nam Bg va mien Tay Nam Bg.
au 59. T r e n toan mien Nam, quan ta da loai khoi vong chien dau 104.000
dich, trong do c6 42.000 quan MT, 3.500 quan Dong minh, bkn roi 1.430 may
bay. Do la ket qua cua chien thang nao?
A . A p BSC.
B. Van Tuang.

C. Mua kho 1965 -1966.

D. Mua kho 1966 - 1967.

, au 60. T r o n g mua kho thu hai (1966 - 1967) MT da mff cac cuoc hanh quan
vao mien Dong Nam Bo. Cuoc hanh quan nao Ian nhat?
A. At-ton-bo-ro.
B. Xe-dan-phon.
C. Gianxon X i t y .
D. Xe-dan-phon va Gianxan X i t y .
183


CSu 61. Nguyen nhan chu yeu ta mo' cuoc Tong tien cong va n6i day Tet Mau
Than (1968)?
A. So sanh lire luoiig tbay d6i c6 Igi cho ta sau hai mua kho.
B. Tinh hinh kinh t6. chinli tn, xa hoi MT gap nhieu kho khan.
C. Phong trao pfean doi chien tranh x^m iiigp ciia nhan dan th^ giai len cao.
D. Tinh than chien dau cua binh h'nh MT giam si'it.
Cau 62. Dau la yeu t6 bat ngo nhat cua cuoc tiin cong va n6i day trong Tet
Mau Than (1968)?
A. Ma diu cuoc tien cong vao dem giao thiia, d6ng loat a 37 tinh, 5 thanh pho.
B. Tien cong vao cac vj tri dau nao cua dich d Sai Gon.
C. Tieti cong vao Bo Tong tham muu quan doi Sai Gon.
D. Tien cong vao san bay Tan Son Nhat.
Cau 63. Chien thSng nao cua quan dan mien Nam trong giai doan 1965 - 1968,
tac dong manh nhat den nhan dan Mi?
A. Tran Van Tuang (18-8-1965).
B. Chien thSng mua kiio (1965 - 1966).
C. Chian thang mua kho (1966 - 1967).

D. T6ng tien cong Tet Mau Than (1968).
Cau 64. Am mu-u co ban nhat cua yiec Mi tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai
mien B5c?"
A. "Tra diSa" viec quan giai phong mien Nam tien cong doanh trai MT a Playcu.
B. Pha hoai hau phuong Ion cua mien >lam"(pha hoai tiem luc kinh te, qu6c
phong, cong cuoc xay d m g CNXH d mien BSc).

.

C. Ngan chan nguon chi vien tir ben ngoai vao mien BSc?
D. Uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay y chi chong MT cua nhan dan ta.
Cau 65. Toi ac tan bao nhat cua de qu6c MI trong viec danh pha mien BSc
nu-o-c ta?
A. Nem bom vao cac muc tieu quan sir.
B. Nem bom vao cac dau moi giao thong (cau cong, dudng sa).
C. Nem bom vao cac nha may, xi nghiep, hhm mo, cac cong trinh thuy loi.
D. Nem bom vao khu dong dan, trudng hoc, nha tre, benh vien, khu an dir&ng.
Cau 66. Am mu-u nao du-oi day kbong nam trong am mu-u tien hanh chien
tranh pha hoai mien B5c Ian thir nhat cua Mi?
A. Pha tiem lire kinh t6, pha cong cupc xay dirng CNXH a mi6n Bkc.
B. Cuu nguy cho chien luoc "Chien tranh cue bo" a mien Nam.
C. Ngan chan nguon chi vien tu ben ngoai vao mien Bic va tu mien BSc vao
mien Nam.
D. Uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay quyet tam-chong MT cua nhan dan hai mien
Nam - Bac.
184

Cau 67. Nhiem vu co ban cua mien Bac trong thoi ki 1965 - 1968?
A. Ch6ng chiSn tranh pha hoai ciia
qu6c MT.

B. Dam bao giao thong van tai thudng xuyen thong suot, phuc vu chien dau, san
I xuat va doi s6ng.
h . Vira chi^n dau, vua san \uk va thuc hien niiiem vu hau phuong.Ion.
b . Ho tro-cho cuoc chien dSu cua nhan dan mien Nam.
Cau 68. Tho-i diSm nao Gionxon-tuyen bo ngp-ng han chien tranh pha hoai
oiiSnBac?
A. 1-9-1968
B. 1-10-1968
C. 1-11-1968
D. 1-12-1968 .
Cau 69. Tinh than chien dau cua quan dan mien BSc chong chien tranh pha
hoai \hn thu nhat cua de qu6c MT du-ffc the hien quakhau hieu nao?
A. Khong CO gi quy hon doc lap tir do.
B. Nham thang quan thu ma ban.
C. Thoc khong thieu mot can, quan khong thieu mot ngirdi.
D. TRanh nien "ba sEn sang", phu nir "ba dam dang".
~
Cau 70. Cau noi "Khong co gi quy hon doc lap ty do" du-oc Bac Ho noi trong
thoi gian nao?
A. Loi nghi Chinh tri dat biet (3 - 1964).
B. Van kien Hoi nghj TW Dang Ian thu 12 (12 - 1965).

k

' C. Lai keu goi khang chien chong MT (17 - 7 - 1966).^
• D. Ki hop thu hai Quoc hoi khoa III (4 - 1965).
CSu 71. KhSu hieu "NhSm thSng quan thu ma bSn" la cua ai?
A. Nguyin Van Troi.
B. Nguyin Viet Xuan.
C. Tu ve mothan QuangNinh.

D. 12 co gai Dong Loc.
Cau 72. Thu-c hien nghIa vu hau phu-o-ng Ion doi vol tien tuyen, mien Bic san
sang voi tinh than gi?
A. Taica vi tien tuyen.
B. Tkt ca de chien thang.
C. Moi ngirai lam viec bang hai.
D. Thoc khong thieu mot can, quan khong thieu mot nguai.

^

au 73. Y nghia Ion nhat ciia viec mien B5c danh bai chien tranh pha hoai Ian
thii-nhat cua de quoc Ml la gi?
I A. Jhk hien quylt tam danh thang giac MT ciia quan dan ta.
B. Lam lung lay y chi xam luge cua de quoc MT.
C. Bao ve mien Bac.
D. Danh bai am muu pha hoai mien BSc cua de qu6c MT, mi8n BIC ttep tuc lam
nhiem vu cua hau phuong Ion.
'
^
,
Cau 74. Vi sao MI buoc phai tuyen bo ngiing hkn nem bom, b^n pha mien Bac
Jan thu-nhat?
A. Bj that bai trong "Chien tranh cue bo" d mien-Nam.
B. Bi thiet hai nang ne trong chien tranh pha ho^i mien Bac.
•
185


C. Bi nhan dan MT va nhan dan the gioi len an.
D. Bj thi^t hai nang ne 6 2 mien Nam - Bac cuoi 1968.

Cau 75. Thang loi cua quan dan mien Bac trong cuoc chien dau chong chien
tranh pha hoai Ian thu- nhat ciia de quoc MT da c6 tac dung nhu- the nao doi
vol cuoc khang chien chong MT ciru nveac ciia nhan dan ta?
A. Khang djnh quyet tarn chong MT cuu nuac cua nhan dan ta, gop phan lam
lung lay y chi xam krgc ciia MT.
B. Buoc MT phai rut quan MT va quan chu hau cua MT ve nuoc.
C. Buoc MT phai chap nhan dam phan vdi ta d Pa-ri.
D. Buoc MT phai chap nhanki ket Hiep dinh Pa-ri.
Cau 76. Nguon lire chi vien, cung \m chion thang cua quan dan mien Bac da
gop phan quyet djnh vao thang loi ciia quan dan mien Nam trong cuoc chien
dau chong chien luoc chien tranh nao ciia Mi-Nguy?
A. Chien luge "Chidn tranh mot phia".
B. Chien luge "Chien tranh dac biet".
C. Chien luge "Chien tranh cue bo".
D. Chien luge "Viel Nam hoa" chien tranh.
Cau 77, Trong giai doan chien tranh pha hoai (1965-1968) ly do nao la co' ban
nhat mien B&c day manh phat trien kinh te dja phu'ong, nhat la chu trong
phat trien nong nghiep?
A. Dam bao cho nhu cau chien dau tai cho.
B. Dam bao ddi song cho nhan dan dia phuang.
C. Han che dugc su tan pha cua chien tranh.
D. Mien Bac phai thuc hien day dii nghTa vu cua hau phuang Idn, chi vien theo
yeu cau ve sue ngudi sue cua cho mien Nam, ca Lao va Cam-pu-chia.
Cau 78. Tuyen dirong van chuyen chien luo'c Bac - Nam mang ten Ho Chi
Minh tren bo, bat dau khai thong tir luc nao?
A. Thang 3 - 1959.
B. Thang 4 - 1959.
C. Thang 5 - 1959.
D. Thang 6 - 1959.
Cau 79. Noi moc thoi gian & cot A vol sir kien ff cot B:

A
B
1. 1965 - !966
2. 5 - 8 - 1964
3. 30-1 den 25-2-1968

A. MT tiln hanh chien luge "chien tranh cue bg".
B. MT tien hanh chien luge mua kho thu hai.
C. Tong tien cong noi day Mau Than.

4 . 7 - 2 -1965
5. 1965 - 1968
6. 1966 - 1967
7. 18 - 8 - 1965
8. 31 - 1 - 1968
9.1-11-1968
10.5 -1959

D. MT tuyen bo ngung nem bom Mien B^c.
E. Khai thong dudng H6 Chi Minh.
F. MT tien hanh chien luge mua kho thu nhat.
G. Dot tan cong thu nhk Mau Than.
H. Chiln tranh pha hoai Ian thu nh5t.
1. MT dung s^r kien "Vjnh B k Bo"
K. Chien thang Van Tuang.

186

80. Chien lu-ffc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" ciia Nichxan c6 gi giong so
chien luoc "Cliien tranh cue bo"?

A. Ve muc dich cua chien tranh.
B. Ve vai trd cua quan dgi MT.
C. Vai trd cua quan doi Nguy.
D. Ve vai trd cua "ap chien luge"
Cau 81. Trong "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh, lyc lirong nao la chu yeu d l tien
hanh chien tranh?
A. Quan doi MT.
B. Quan doi nguy.
C. Quan doi MT + cac dong minh.
D. Quan doi MT + quan doi nguy.
;
Cau 82. Am mu-u co' ban ciia chien lu-gc "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh la gi?
A. Rut dan quan MT ve nude.
B. Tan dung ngudi Viet Nam vi muc dich thuc dan mdi cua MT.
C. De cao hoe thuyet Nichxo'n.
D. "Dung ngudi Viet danh ngudi Viet".
Cau 83. Chien lirffc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" c6 gi moi so voi cac chien
Itfoc chien tranh truoc?
A. Tim each chia re Viet Nam vdi cac nude XHCN.
B. Gan "Viet Nam hoa" vdi "Dong Duong hda chien tranh"
C. Dugc tien hanh bang quan doi tay sai la chu yeu, cd su phdi hop dang ke cua
quan dgi MT.
D. A, B va C dung.
Cau 84. Thii doan trong chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh la gi?
A. Tang so lugng nguy quan.
B. Rut dan quan MT ve nude.
C. M d rgng chien tranh pha hoai mien BSe, tien hanh chien tranh xam luge Lao,
Cam-pu-ehia.
D. Cd lap cadi mang Viet Nam.
Cau 85. Ngay 24, 25-4-1970, Hoi nghj cap cao 3 niro'c Dong Du'ffng hop nham

muc dich gi?
A. Bat tay nhau cung khang chien chong MT.
B. Vach tran am muu "Dong Duong hda chien tranh" cua de qudc MT.
C. Doi phd vdi am muu ciia de qudc MT va bieu thj quyet tam doan ket chien
dau chong MT cua nhan dan ba nude Dong Duong.
D. !kay dung can cu dja khdng chien ciia nhan dan ba nude Ddng Duang.
Cau 86. Dap tan cuoc hanh quan "Lam Sffn 719" (12 den 23-3-1971) c6 sir
phoi hgp ciia quan doi nirdc nao?
, A. Quan dgi Vi^t Nam, quan dan Lao.
B. Quan dgi Viet Nam, quan dan Cam-pu-ehia.
C. Quan dgi Viet Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chia.
D. Quan dan Lao, Cam-pu-ehia.
187


Cau 87. Thang loi ciia quan ta phoi ho-p voi quan Lao trong vi^c danh bai
cuQC hanh quan Lam Son 719 tai du-ong 9 Nam Lao da mang lai ket qua nhir
the nao?
A. Loai khoi vong chien dau 45.000 ten M I - Nguy, giCr viing hanh lang chien
luge each mang a Dong Duong.
B. Loai khoi vong chien dau 22.000 ten IVIT.
C. Lam that bai chi^n luge "Dong Duong hoa" chi^n tranh ciia MT.
D. Lam thk bai chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" ra "Dong Duong hoa" chien tranh
cua MT.
Cau 88. Nguyen nhan co- ban nhat de ta mo" cuoc tien cong chien lu-oc 1972?
A. Ta gianh thang Igi tren cac mat tran quan su, chinh tri, ngoai giao trong 3
nam 1969, 1970, 1971.
B. Nude MT nay sinh nhieu mau thuan qua cuge bau cu Tong thong (1972).
C. Djch chu quan do phan doaii sai thai gian, quy mo va huong tien cong ciia ta.
D. Nguy quyen Sai Gon gap nhieu kho khan.

Cau 89. V i sac M I buoc phai tuyen bo "MT hoa^' trof lai chien tranh xam Iirffc
va thira nhan sy that bai cua "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh?
A. Do thang Igi lien tiep cua ta tren cac mat tran quan sir, trong ba nam 1969,
1970.1971.
B. Sau don tan cong bat nga, gay choang vang cua ta trong cugc tien cong chien
luge 1972 (ma dau 30-3-1972).
C. Thang Igi cua ta tren mat tran ngoai giao a Pari.
D. Do thang Igi cua nhan dan mien Bac khSc phuc hau qua chien tranh pha hoai
Ian I, tiep tuc chi vien khong ngung cho mien Nam.
Cau 90. Y nghia Hch su- nao la co' ban nhat cua cuoc tien cong chien \\rqc
1972?
A. Da ma ra mot buac ngoat cua cugc khang chien chong MT cua nhan dan ta.

^^au 92. Thang loi I6"n nhat cua quan va dan mien BSc trong tran "Dien Bieh
phii tren khong" la gi?
A. Buoc MT phai tuySn b6 ngiing hSn cac hoat dgng chong pha mign BSc.
B. Danh bai am muu pha hoai cong cugc xay dung CNXH a mien BSc.
C. Danh bai am muu ngan chan su chi vien cua mien Bac cho mien Nam, Lao,
Cam-pu-chia.
D. Bugc MT ki hiep djnh Pa-ri v^ cham diit chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh a Viet Nam.
93. Can cu- vao ly do chii yeu nao sau day de noi rang MT "da dat ngang
Pi^ng ke di xam luge voi ngu-oi chong xam lu-oc"?
E. A. MT thieu thien chi, muon keo dai chien tranh a Viet Nam.
W B. MT muon duy tri che do tay sai d6 thuc hign chii nghTa thue dan mai.
1^ , C. MTdoi "co di co lai", neu MT riit quan khoi mien Nam thi quan dgi mien BSc
cung phai riit quan khoi mien Nam.
. D. MTmuon giu quan chu hau cua MTd lai mien Nam.
Cau 94. Trong cac dieu khoan ciia noi dung Hiep djnh Pari (trong SGK), dieu-'
khoan nao co y nghTa nhat doi voi sy nghiep giai phong mien Nam?
. - A. Hoa Ki va cac nuoc cam ket ton trgng doc lap, chii quyen, toan ven lanh th6

jtlj^. cua Viet Nam.
B. Hoa Ki riit het quan dgi cua minh va qi>an Dong minh, pha het can cu quan
m.'
sir, cam ket khong tiep tuc dinh Ifu quan su hoac can thiep vao c6ng-~viec ngi
B , • bg cOa mien Nam Viet Nam,
By C. Cac ben de nhan daii mien Nam tu quyet dHnh tuang lai chinh tri ciia hg
thong qua tong tuyen cu tu do.
^ H D . Cac ben ngung ban tai cho, trao tra tii binh va dan thuong bj bat.
B

m'

B . Da giang mot don nang ne vao chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh".

A. 3 0 - 1 d6n 25 - 2 -1968.

10. D l l . D

•

B. 4 - 5 den 18 - 6 - 1968.

13. B 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. D
21. A . "Nhim thang quan thii ma ban", "Quylt tam danh thang giae MT xam

Cau 91. Trong thoi gian chong "Viet.Nam hoa" chien tranh (1969-1973)
nhiem vu nang ne nhat ciia mien Bac la gi?

luge"..
B. "Chac tay siing, vung tay biia".

A. Lam nghTa vu hau phuong Ion doi voi tiln tuyen mien Nam.
B : Lam nghTa vu quoc te doi voi Lao va Cam-pu-chia.

188

5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C

C. 17-8 din 23 -9-1968.

D. Bugc MT tuyen bo "MT hoa" tra lai chien tranh xam luge, phai thua nhan that
bai ciia chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh".

D. Phai khac phuc kjp thai, tai cho hau qua ciia nhung cugc chien tranh ac liet,
tiep nhan su viec trg tu ben ngoai va chi vien the'o yeu cku ciia tien tuyen
mien Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chia.

1. B 2. A 3. A 4.C
12.

C. Da giang mot don nang ne vao quan nguy (cong cu chu yeu) ciia MT.

C. ViJa chien dau, vua san xuat, xay dung hau phuong, bao dam cho cugc chien
dau tai cho va chi vien cho chien truong.

D A P A N C A U H O I T R A C N G H I E M B A I 14,

C. "Chae tay siing, vung tay cay".

22. D 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A:2; B: 1; C:3

1

31. A 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. D
41. A. Nichxon phe chuSn ke hoach danh pha mien Bac 12 ngay dem.
B. MT tuyen bo ngung hoat dgng danh pha mien Bac tu vT tuyen 20 tra ra.
' C. MT tuyen bo ngung hoan toan cac hoat dgng chdng pha mien Bac de
ki voi Chinh phu ta Hiep djnh Pari.