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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

NGUYEN THI HIEN

ORIENTATION ON OCCUPATIONAL VALUE OF
TODAY PEOPLE’S PUBLIC SECURITY
UNDERGRADUATES

SUMMARY ON SOCIALOGY DOCTORAL THESIS

HANOI – 2016


VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

This thesis is completed at
Graduate Academy of Social Sciences
Supervisor: Assoc. Pr. Dr. Dang Nguyen Anh

Critic 1: Assoc. Pr. Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim Hoa
Critic 2: Assoc. Pr. Dr. Tran Thi Minh Ngoc
Critic 3: Assoc. Pr. Dr. Vu Hao Quang

The thesis would be defended before the Academy – Level
Thesis Judges at (place) ……………………………………….
At (time).........hour.......minute, on date.....month........year....

The thesis is available for reference in the library.

LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE
THESIS SUBJECT

1. Nguyen Thi Hien (2015). Societal aspects of access to
employment information for People’s public security
undergraduates nowadays. Sociology Journal. Vol 4 (132),
2015, 07 pages.
2. Nguyen Thi Hien (2015). An insight into today People’s
public security undergraduates’ expectation of working
locality. Sociology Journal. Vol 2 (130), 2015, 07 pages.
3. Nguyen Thi Hien (2015). Some concerns about
methodology in research on orientation of occupational
value for youth. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy.
Season II – June 2015. 05 pages.
4. Nguyen Thi Hien (2012). Today orientation of occupational
value for learners of public security academies. Journal of
Security Sciences and Education (8-2012). 04 pages.


I. Introduction
1. Identification of thesis urgency
It is statistically pointed out that our country has around
1,900,000 undergraduates (Ministry of Education and Training,
2014), including 80,876 students majoring in People’s public
security, accounting for about 4.7% (Ministry of Public Security,
2014). Recent time has observed significant progresses of the
People's Security Academy under Ministry of Public Security in
education and training and its generous contribution to the education
system of the nation in general and the Ministry in particular.

Curriculum for People's Security Academy undergraduates is
highly unique compared to other universities. As a part of their
program, future security officers are propagandized and educated
with politics, ideology and politic virtues, in addition to fundamental
and specialized knowledge. Students are expected to imbue with the
lofty spirit and responsibility of a public security soldier of the
people, who can take any mission in anywhere assigned upon leaving
the academy. Nevertheless, against the backdrop of global
integration, rapid evolution of socio-economy and technology, robust
innovation of domestic as well as world-wide education and
complicated changes in the mission of national defence and social
order security, education and training of the public security sector in
general and People's Security Academy in particular appear in
numerous shortcomings. It is evidently shown that many students
desire to further pursuit the learnt major in work in a good working
environment with fine chance of promotion and they show no less
aspiration to take up duties in harsh environment and mission to
anywhere designate. Meanwhile, some others so over-incline to take
cushy job in high-income units and low-risk environment such as
cities that they exploit their social circle to seize the job by all means,
even before graduation, especially with the fanatical help from their
parents. From the perspective of Public Security management, this

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phenomenon significantly disturbs students’ study motivation, let
alone the negative impacts on training quality and human resources
organization in the sector.
Questions have been raised in many aspects. In what manner

are occupational value orientations of People’s Public Security
undergraduates who enrol in a full-time course in People's Security
Academy (People’s Public Security undergraduates for short) going
these days? What are dominant factors in their occupational desire?
Are such factors deemed as appropriate or not to Public Security’s
requirements and today’s social demand? What solutions or supports
should stakeholders give to undergraduates in order to ensure Public
Security’s occupational orientation? Answers must be drawn not
only from real life, especially public security’s real situations, but
also from sciences including Sociology.
The foregoing prompts the author to delve into “Orientation
on occupational value of today People’s Public Security
undergraduates” as her doctoral thesis in hopes of shedding some
light on given questions.
2. Research objectives and tasks
2.1. Research objectives
Content and tendency on occupational value orientation of
People’s Public Security undergraduates and factors affecting their
orientation on occupational value shall be brought to light. This is
followed by solution recommendations for the undergraduates to
identify their occupational value suitable with training objectives and
society’s expectation.
2.2. Research tasks
Realization of the above research objectives involves
investigation, survey, collection and processing of information,
beside the following key tasks as follow:
- To scan through relevant literature, from which the thesis
inherits and evolves.
- To build rationale and methodology, importantly inheriting
the essence of Marxist Leninism and Ho Chi Minh ideology

to analyse scientifically and thoroughly the students’
behaviour of choosing People’s Public Security as
occupation and their expectation of future job.

2


-

-

To study students’ view on being a People’s Public Security
officer, then their motivation to enrol in the major as well as
information channels and time to which they get exposed
about People's Security Academy.
To get insight into students’ tendency to choose working
places or working units, working conditions and
environment after graduation from People's Security
Academy.

2.3 Research questions:
In this thesis, research questions to develop as below:
What are the cognition and opinion of People’s Public
Security undergraduates on their occupational value?
Does gender make any difference in job preference among
public security undergraduates? How do male and female
undergraduates, as two groups, expect of their would-be working
place, conditions and environment?
Do personal characteristics such as age, living place and
family background (education, parents’ occupation, family living

standard, etc) overshadow People’s Public Security undergraduates’
expectation on working place and working conditions after
graduation? Specify such characteristics if any.
Do gender differences have any influence on the readiness in
handling tasks assigned after graduation? What is such influence in
particular?
2.4 Research hypotheses: Four hypotheses are given for the
foregoing questions:
- First hypothesis:
In today’s fast-changing context, groups of People’s Public
Security undergraduates coming from different family background
(such as male/female, rich/poor, etc.) highly value on People’s Public
Security as an occupation.
- Second hypothesis.
The number of female undergraduates majoring in People’s
Public Security who love their job and wish to work in safe and low-

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risk conditions with high salary is higher than that of male
undergraduates.
- Third hypothesis:
The number of undergraduates from better-off families who
wish to work for Ministry of Public Security or Provincial
(Municipal) Public Security is higher than that of undergraduates
from families with average or low living standard.
- Fourth hypothesis:
Gender differences are also reflected in the readiness in
handling tasks assigned. Male undergraduates tend to show better

readiness than females.
3. Subject, object and research scope of the thesis
3.1 Research subject.
Research subject of the thesis is:
Orientation on occupational value of today people’s public
security undergraduates
3.2 Research object
People’s public security undergraduates in age of 21 – 28;as
well, officers and lecturers who provide in-depth information.
3.3. Scope of research
3.3.1 Content of research matters.
This research focuses on considering value orientation of
students who are studying at People’s Security Academy for their
future career. In particular, what are things deemed important by
them to choose and pursue a career?
To clarify matters mentioned above, the thesis focuses on
finding out students' perceptions about the public security profession
prior to their enrolment and study, the reasons to study public
security , time/information channel from which the students are
aware of this profession, and expectations of the students on working
place, working conditions and environment after graduation.
3.3.2 Location of research
People’s Security Academy is chosen as the base of survey,
which makes the research a case study in the light of sociology..
3.3.3 Time of research
The research period is understood as active time of the study
subjects, which would be defined as spanning from prior-2010 to

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now. The survey is conducted in two phases from October 2013 to
June 2014 at the People's Security Academy (each phase lasts for
over two weeks).
4. Methodology and research method
4.1 Research Methodology
The researcher lays her thesis methodology on Marxist
Leninism - a theory of scientific cognition and world improvement
method. "Marxist methodology stems from the perception that
cognitive approaches base on the objective laws of nature and
society. A cognitive method can become a scientific methodology
only when it reflects the objective law of reality itself. Therefore, the
principles and categories and concepts of a scientific methodology
are in no case the man-made arbitrary rules, but the denotation of the
law of nature as well as human" (M.M Rodentan, 1986: 461). The
thesis also applies Ho Chi Minh ideology, the views of Communist
Party, the Directives, Resolutions and Circulars of the Ministry of
Public Security as the lodestar for its research pursuit.
4.2 Research method
4.2.1 In-depth Interview
For this thesis, in-depth interview is an important method to
collect qualitative information. We choose the following subjects to
conduct in-depth interview:
- Undergraduates ranging from freshman to fifth-year students. This
is totalled 45 students, including 32 male students and 13 female
students.
- Officers and lecturers under departments, faculties and divisions of
People’s Security Academy. This is totalled 11 people.
The in-depth interview aims to provide clearer explanation
of the acquired quantitative research results as well as to add new

information that quantitative research has not specified.
4.2.2 Interview Questionnaire

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The content of questionnaire includes many parts in
accordance with research objectives and hypotheses. For the
questionnaire’s accuracy, the questions are arranged according to a
certain structure. The questions are given in multi-levels and
different meanings. To ensure comfort for the respondents and
reliability of obtained information, the questionnaires are diversified:
close and open questions, mix and filter questions. The rating scale is
operationalized according to standards of questionnaire preparation
in sociological survey. The questionnaire shall be tested before mass
implementation.
4.2.3 Document Analysis
In this research, analysis is considered as an important
method. Available literature would be used as a basis for
supplementation and comparison with these research results, which
then enables the author to confirm the known findings as well as gain
new discoveries that are left unresolved or vague by the earlier
studies.
The researcher has encountered many difficulties while
searching available documents. Since studies of occupational value
orientation especially for people’s public security undergraduates are
poorly documented, this thesis unavoidably inherits only a limited
research legacy.
4.2.3 The variables and schema for the analysis
Independent variables: includes personal characteristics: gender,

priority and school year; Family backgrounds: standard of living,
residence, main livelihood and qualification of parents; whether one
has any relative practising public security, and so on.
Dependent variables refer to occupational value orientation
including: opinions on careers of people’s public security
undergraduates; reason for participating in People’s Security
Academy; Expectations on working place, working conditions and
environment of the students after graduation.

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Intervening
variables
include
socio-economic
factors
(industrialization, modernization, market economy, the development
of science and technology, etc.), industry regulations and policies,
teaching, human resource appointment and allocation, etc.
The bellow is schema for the analysis:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT

Family:
- Location of
residence
- Student’s family
living standard
- Occupation,
qualification of

students’ parents,
social relationship,
etc.
Individual:
- Gender, age.
- School year
- Priority

Occupational
value orientation
of people’s public
security
undergraduates

- Opinions on People’s
Security career
- Reason for
participating in
People’s Security
Academy
- How the student is
exposed to Public
Security sector
Expectations of
students on:
* Place of working.
* Working conditions
* Working environment.

Institutions:

Documents, policies for
allocation and reception of
officers of public security

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4.2.4 Research samples
Quantitative samples: Total sample size: 626 students. The unit is
selected by the simple formula calculating random sample size.
Table 1.1: Social demographic characteristics of the samples
Characteristics of student
General
Gender

School
year

Location of
residence

N
626

%
100.0

Female
Male

112
514

17.8
82.2

The first year
The second year
The third year
The fourth year
The fifth year

118
106
146
105
151

18.8
16.9
23.3
16.7
24.3

City
Countryside

236
390

37.7
63.3

- Security Operations
528
84.3
Major
- Building the Party
98
15.7
and State government
Standard
Rich/ better-off
92
14.7
of living
Average
503
80.3
Poor
30
5.0
Source: Survey result of the thesis in 2014
5. The thesis’s findings
new findings of this thesis allow identifying the overall
picture of Vietnam culture as well as values including occupational
value orientation in a new era.

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6. Theoretical and practical values of the thesis
6.1. Theoretical values
By conceptualizing and operationalizing terms, especially
the concept of occupational value orientation, the thesis has
contributed to clarify the content and operational direction of the
concepts in the specific conditions of Vietnam today. Besides, the
thesis has applied two approaches of sociological theory, which are
the theory of value orientation and theory of rational choice. The
research results have confirmed once again the popularity and
usefulness of these theories to real life.
In addition, according to the international practice of the
Sociology discipline, the statistics obtained from our study could be
the groundwork for further studies repeating the subject.
6.2. Practical values
This is the first empirical sociological study on occupational
value orientation of people’s public security undergraduates. The
study can provide the scientific foundation for Public Security sector
in the propagation, education and career orientation in conformity
with different groups of students who are studying at public security
colleges nationwide.
7. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, recommendations
and references, the main content of the thesis is divided into four
chapters: Chapter 1. Overview of research matter; Chapter 2.
Rationale and practical basis of the thesis; Chapter 3. Conception to
meditation in the value orientation of people’s public security
undergraduates, Chapter 4. Important factors affecting orientation of
occupational value of people’s public security undergraduates.

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Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH MATTER
It can be historically seen that, value in its general sense as
well as aspects of value orientation has drawn a lot of scientific
attention, especially from sociologists. Typical examples are the
West Europe’s research projects such as Division of Labour in
Society (1893) and “Suicide” (1897) conducted by Emile Durkheim,
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904). In North
America, in the light of the theory of functions, T. Parson (1950) also
carried out in-depth analysis of “fundamental values” and believed
that once they were formed, it was difficult to change these values,
regardless of social disorders. However, his theory contributed not
much in explaining the transformation of the American society after
the Second World War. Therefore, until the 1970s, a new research
approach on values had formed in the U.S. Representatives for this
approach consist of Inglehart, Valdiney V.Gouveia, Francisco José
B. de Albuquerque, Miguel Clemnet and Pablo Espinosa.
Meanwhile, in the Eastern Europe, the research on values
was paid attention by some researchers such as Zđravom xlov,
Doddorov, and Kuznexov who shared their attitudes with Inglehart
and believed that each society had a typical value system.
Individuals’ value orientation changed to some certain extent when
the social conditions changed. Among typical empirical researches
on values, Ginijetsinski’s project conducted in 1992 must be cited.
Based on empirical evidences, he confidently concluded that the
value orientation system always changes. [54, p.16]
In Asia, Ushiogi Morikazu and Makoto (2005) carried out

the research on value transformation of Japan youth, who live in a
highly industrialized country. These authors presented that socioeconomic changes put tremendous impact on the youth, particularly
in terms of traditional values such as marriage and family [91].

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As an Oriental country, Vietnam also places its research
emphasis on value and value orientation. In 1999, in the capital of
Hanoi, the National Centre for Social Sciences and Humanities and
the Denmark-based Nordic Institute of Asian Studies co-chaired the
International Conference on Asian Values and Vietnam’s
Development. Pre-1999 period saw works on value and value
orientation well documented and no less interest in these topics have
been seen henceforth. Typical authors worth-mentioning are Tran
Van Giau (1980), Phan Huy Le and Vu Minh Giang (1980), Pham
Minh Hac (1994), Nguyen Quang Uan (1995), Do Ngoc Ha (2002),
Tran Xuan Vinh (1995), and recently Tran Ngoc Them (2016). For
value orientation, it is widely believed that: in the competitive labour
market, the young tend to build themselves one or even multiple
professions so as to gain easier opportunity of employment.
However, selection of careers and jobs is rather spontaneous and
depending on the current labour market. Many young people
misconceive occupational value orientation, which is proved in that
youngsters choose only high-paid jobs and are not keen on career in
agriculture, forestry and fishery.
It cannot help mentioning works and doctoral theses
concerning the occupational value orientation of young people. For
example, “Impacts of the family tradition on the value orientation of
the youth” (Can Huu Hai, 2002) proves the vital role of family

traditional career towards one’s career planning. With the research
“Undergraduates’ value orientation”, Pham Tat Thang (2009)
presents that the gender, residence and parents’ career have influence
on the selection of working places after leaving the universities and
colleges. “Occupational orientation of people’s public security
undergraduates: Situation and solution” by Nguyen Van Tinh
(1999) finds that a majority of undergraduates head for units
specializing in economic security and investigation security, while
the percentage of other units is insignificant. Meanwhile, the work

11


Selection of military career of Vietnam People’s Army Soldier
nowadays conducted by Nguyen Dinh Thang (2009) indicates
Vietnam People’s Army officers’ recognition of military activities as
a special career for social promotion and life assurance [66], among
other findings.
Review on works of preceding authors indicates that value
and value orientation of the youth have drawn lots of research efforts
in different approaches, from both Eastern and Western worlds. They
are important prerequisites on which we rely to implement our
research. It is hoped that this Orientation on occupational value of
today people’s public security undergraduates will have new
findings, diversifying the source of knowledge which is being
formed.
Chapter 2
RATIONALE AND PRACTICAL BASIS
2.1. Working concepts
2.1.1 Concepts

2.1.1. Concept of value
Value concept is understood from various aspects:
economics, cultural studies, psychology and sociology. American
anthropologist Cl. Kluckhohn believed that “Value refers to the
attitude toward specific wishes implicit or explicit to an individual or
a group and impacting the selection of modes, means or objections of
action”. Sociologist Fichter believed that “All things which are
beneficial to, loved by and admirable to individuals or the society
have a value”. He also classified values into personality value, social
value and cultural value (Fichter, 1973:175). Therefore, it can be said
that, the value brings about attitudes and wishes characterizing all
things meaningful to human beings. The value influences the modes
and motives of human actions. The value changes when the time
goes by.

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2.1.2. Value orientation
Value orientation refers to the direction leading subjects of
actions to follow selected norms and standards and make decisions in
sudden situation (unanticipated) (Talcott Parsons, and Edward A.
Shils, 1951). Kon, another researcher, believed “Value orientation is
the overall system of psychosphere under which individuals (or
groups) perceive the situation and select the corresponding mode of
action” (Kon, 1967).
2.1.3. The orientation on occupational value of people’s public
security undergraduates
The above rationale rounds our belief that orientation on
occupational value of people’s public security undergraduates

consists of conceptions, wishes, and aspirations regarding their future
occupational value which are reflected by the expectations with
respect to working places, working conditions and working.
2.2 Concept operationalization
The core concept of this thesis, which is occupational value
orientation, is operationalized into intermediate indicators including
conception of profession; reason for enrolment in the Academy;
time/information channel for profession exposure; working places,
conditions and environment after leaving the Academy. These
indicators are further manipulated into empirical indicators.
2.3 Theoretical approaches
2.1.3 Value orientation theory
Value orientation theory is one of the most powerful value
theories, which is further developed from the value conception of
Clyde Kluckhohn (1951): “Value refers to the attitude toward
specific wishes implicit or explicit to an individual or a group and
impacting the selection of modes, means or objections of action”
[99]. In the light of this theory, the author will analyze and classify
the orientation on occupational value of undergraduates of People’s
Security Academy as follow: 1/ Academy’s graduates elect to attend

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this training facility or other specific working place. 2/ Academy’s
undergraduates elect/desire any specific working place after the
graduation.
2.1.2.2 Rational choice theory
Derived from economics and anthropology, the rational
choice theory believes that the human always makes reasonable

actions by considering pros and cons, gains and losses in order to
make a decision in his favour. However, the theory focuses on two
restrictions on the action. Firstly, it is scarce resource. For those with
less or limited resources, accomplishment is difficult or impossible.
Secondly, the limited resource is institutional, which restricts
existing choices of the subjects of actions, i.e. limits the outcomes of
the subjects of actions [94, tr.166-169]. Rational choice theory is
applied to the thesis to delve into objectives, plans and certain values
which students pursue before entering the Academy, analyze
resources of undergraduates/their families and institutional
restrictions impacting undergraduates’ occupational preference.
2.4 Socio-economic background
For this paper, in addition to selection of value by undergraduates
and other factors, socio-economic background, Party guidelines, the
State’s policies and laws and regulations of the Public Security
Sector in relation to establishment of people’s security force (Law on
the People's Public Security Forces2015 and other documents) are
deemed as important practical basis.
2.5 Research location and objects
2.5.1 Research location: People’s Security Academy is chosen as the
research location as this place has conditions sufficient for a case
study of Sociology.
2.5.2 Research objects: They are security officer undergraduates
studying in People’s Security Academy, ranging from the first to
fifth year, aged 21-28.

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Chapter 3

CONCEPTION AND MEDITATION IN VALUE
ORIENTATION OF PEOPLE’S PUBLIC SECURITY
UNDERGRADUATES
3.1 Conception of people’s public security undergraduates of the
public security sector
Conception of people’s public security undergraduates on
the public security sector is presented in 3 aspects: income, social
status and social prestige of a people’s public security officer. The
survey results show that a majority of undergraduates appreciate
social status and social prestige of people’s public security. For
income, public security officers are deemed earning on par with
State employees; however, living standard currently impacts the
conception of the status of public security work.
Table 3.2: Family living standard and evaluation on the public
security work
(Unit: %)
Evaluation on the Family living standard
Mean
No
public security
BetterAverage Poor
work
off
High social status
75.0
61.0
41.9 62.1
Social status like
23.9
37.6

51.6 36.3
other works
Status
Lower social status
0.0
0.0
6.5
0.3
than other works
Others
1.1
1.4
0.0
1.3
High
social
83.7
85.9
51.6 83.9
prestige
Social prestige like
15.2
13.3
41.9 15.0
Prestige
other works
Low social prestige
0.0
0.6
6.5

0.8
Others
1.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
N
92
503
31
626
Source: Survey results in People’s Security Academy (2014)

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Particularly regarding prestige, four fifths undergraduates
(85.2% and 83.1%) in both urban and rural group evaluates that it
has high social prestige. The test result has statistical significance
with p = 0.041 (Chi2 test).
3.2 Reasons for taking the entrance exam to People’s Security
Academy
Most concerned reasons are interest, prompt chance of
employment upon graduation, free tuition and advices of parents and
relatives. However, in in-depth interviews, the undergraduates
frequently mention two important reasons such as free tuition and
available opportunity of job. Gender differentiation is presented
through two reasons: interest and free tuition. Female undergraduates
interested in public security outnumber men. In contrast, there are
more male undergraduates who pursue this sector for economic

reason (free tuition) than females.
3.3 Time, information sources/channels for undergraduates to
get aware of People’s Security Academy
Time for access to information on People’s Security Academy is
divided into 3 terms: half year, one year and two years before the
entrance exam. A majority of students get exposed to the Academy
half year before the entrance exam. This is reasonable since this time
sees students preparing for the High School Graduation Exam and
enrolment for the university entrance exam.
3.4 Desired working places after the graduation
The survey results show a high homogeneity in expectations for
the working place of undergraduates. A majority of undergraduates
(90%) desires to work for: Ministry of Public Security (or equivalent
units) and Provincial/municipal public security. Preference for work
in other levels is seen with a low rate.

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Graph 3.7 Expectations for working places of people’s public security
undergraduates. Unit: %

Public
Security Provincial/City
Ministerial agencies (or public security
Department
or
ministerial-level units)

Urban, rural district Ward, commune – Other

public places
–
level
public level
security
security

working

Source: Survey results in People’s Security Academy (2014)

3.5 Desired working conditions after the graduation
There are six features of a desired working environment for a
majority of undergraduates. They are safety, low risk; high income;
proximity to one’s family; opportunity of learning and qualification
improvement; opportunity of promotion; working with the learned
major. Among these conditions, proximity to one’s family is the
most desirable for undergraduates of two last years. Three years’
undergraduates show higher degree of preference for high income
jobs. Those whose parents are farmers tend to appreciate the chance
to work with their learned major more than other groups. It is
noticeable that one fifth undergraduates is not ready to perform any
tasks assigned by their organization and hesitates to make their
choices. Thus, the research results show undergraduates’ diverse
occupational value orientation after graduation.

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3.6 Desired working environment after the graduation

In this part, on the basis of the actual working environment
in the public security sector, the author presents 3 assumptions on
working environment:
sociability, equality; high discipline,
comfortability; and others. The survey results show that sociability,
equality and high discipline are important criteria focused by the
people’s public security undergraduates. This prompts public security
authorities to pay further care in creation of a good working place
satisfying the expectations of undergraduates and assuring their service .

Chapter 4
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING ORIENTATION OF
OCCUPATIONAL VALUE OF PEOPLE’S PUBLIC
SECURITY UNDERGRADUATES
4.1 Gender of People’s Public Security undergraduates
There are significant differences in occupational preference
of People’s Public Security undergraduates attributable to gender.
While male undergraduates tend to choose challenging jobs in
anywhere, female undergraduates consider and tend to choose safe
jobs with low risks and high income and fixed to a specific location.
4.2 Age groups of People’s Public Security undergraduates
Age, among others, can be used to gauge one’s experience
and it affects the awareness and behaviours of human beings. This
thesis considers age with the same level of importance. However,
most of models point out no impact of age with statistical
significance. Since the study range of age is merely from 21 to 28
years old, it is understandable that there is not much difference.
4.3 Living standards of People’s Public Security undergraduates’
families
Household living standards tremendously overshadow the

occupational options and occupational awareness as well as

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occupation expectations of undergraduates. Particularly, ratio of
undergraduates with average and better-off living standards selecting
this sector because of free tuition is lower than that of
undergraduates with poor living standards(ratios are 0.388 and 0.343,
respectively). In other words, the higher living standards
undergraduates have, the lower chance of their dedication to this
sector is because of economic reasons.
Societal appreciation of public security occupation by
undergraduate with average living standards is 3.73 times as much as
ones with poor living standards. The higher living standards
undergraduates have, the more they appreciate the public security
sector, which is reflected by opinion about the social prestige of the
public security sector.
4.4 Residence of People’s Public Security undergraduates
Results of regression analysis show that undergraduates in urban
areas select the sector on advices of their parents, which is only
0.592 times as much as undergraduates in rural areas (other factors in
the model unchanged). This difference is statistically significant at
confidence level of 95% (OR = 0.592, 95% CI = 0.37-0.94).
4.5 Family background of People’s Public Security
undergraduates’ families
This analysis calls for an independent variable as whether
one has relatives working in the sector and the dependent variables
as one’s choosing the sector because of their interest and expectation
for safe working conditions at low risks. Results of regression

analysis show that passion of the sector and enrolment in the Public
Security Academy of undergraduates with relatives working in the
sector are 10 times as much as ones of undergraduates without
relatives working in the sector. The desire for a safe working
environment with lower risks of undergraduates with relatives
working in the sector is 2.2 times higher than undergraduates without
relatives working in the sector.

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Box 4.3 Parents are police and reason for selecting Public Security
Academy
My parents work in the sector, my mother is working in a public security agency of
district level and my father is working in a provincial public security agency. I
have seen their difficulties in work. However, thanks to their early disciplinary
education when I was small, I feel like succeeding their career. On the other hand,
my father suggests me to follow this occupation. He said that they would not have
to worry about my occupation and working place after my graduating. Therefore, I
determine to select this sector (said a female 4th year undergraduate, major of
TSCGD. MSPV0024).

4.6 Education level of People’s Public Security undergraduates’
parents
Testing results of the regression model concerning relation
between education level of parents and the perception of income in
Public Security sector have found that education level of parents has
a clear influence. Especially, undergraduates whose father has
tertiary education or higher schooling level tend to consider income
in public security lower than other sectors. On the other hand, the

higher the father’s education level is, the lower consideration of
“income in the Public Security sector is higher than other sectors” is.
4.6 Occupations of People’s Public Security undergraduates’
parents
For the assumption that “Public Security practitioners earn more
than other sectors”, the number of undergraduates approving this,
whose mothers are farmers and fathers are traders, is 2-3 times
higher than that of ones whose mothers have other jobs and fathers
are farmers or officers or workers. In the determination of “position
of Public Security sector is higher than other sectors”, the number of
undergraduates whose mothers is farmers and fathers are traders are
more than ones whose mothers are traders and fathers are farmers.

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Conclusion and recommendations
CONCLUSION
Inheriting the achievements and experience of previous
authors (chapter 1), and based on rationale and practice defined quite
clearly (chapter 2), we have had a deep insight into the orientation of
occupational value of People’s Public Security undergraduates
against an ever-changing social context of Vietnam today. By far, in
the light of objectives, tasks, questions and hypotheses, the research
deems come up with the following findings:
1. For value orientation of undergraduates: The research shows that
most undergraduates appreciate the social position of Public Security
as a prestigious occupation, regardless the various degrees among the
groups. They generally select this sector because of their interest,
free tuition and prompt chance of employment after graduating.

However, they wish to work in the Ministerial – level units or
provincial units (90% does), rather than mission to far-away lands.
Among 6 factors constituting conditions, working place near one’s
house is considered as the most attractive condition. Of course, there
are differences between various groups of undergraduates. For
example, undergraduates of first three years are interested in high
income, while undergraduates whose parents are farmers pay special
attention to work in the sector which they are trained. It is specially
noted that one fifth of undergraduates are not ready to take their
duties. For working environment after graduating, most of
undergraduates wish to work in friendly, equal and disciplined
environment. Therefore, just as other Vietnamese students and youth
in general, value orientation of People’s Public Security
undergraduates is being made in both positive and negative trends,
among which the positive trend predominates.

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2. For important factors in orientation of occupational value of
undergraduates: Against the backdrop of a transforming society,
there are many actors which have important influences on Public
Security undergraduates’ orientation of occupational value , but due
to the limited scope, the thesis should just mention the closest and
most direct factors. For example, concerning gender, while male
undergraduates are willing to go anywhere and choose challenging
jobs, female undergraduates prefer safe and low-risk jobs in a
determined geographical area. In choosing occupations, the higher
living standards undergraduates have, the more they choose Public
Security for its social position and prestige but not for free tuition.

Residence and family background are also critical factors. The
number of students, who have relatives working in Public Security
sector, choosing the Academy is 10 times higher, and wishing for a
safe working place is 2.2 times higher than that of others. Similarly,
parents of various education level and occupations would give their
children differentiated advice on their choice of Public Security
sector. The survey data evidently shows that motivation of choosing
occupation and expectation of Public Security graduates are
dominated by a wide range of social actors. Understanding and
promoting this young workforce inevitably take into account such
important factors.
3. Spotlighting the entire matter of research against the backdrop of
our country socio-economy, it is of no overstatement that while
orientating their occupational value,, most of Public Security
undergraduates today still inherit and develop the people’s traditional
spiritual values as well as the noble qualities of their predecessors.
This is reflected through their appreciation of social status and
reputation of Public Security sector and their readiness to mission
anywhere and take any duty assigned by their organization. In the
process of globalization and international integration, along with
advancement of science and technology, especially information

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