c;
BQ GIAO Dl}C VA DAO T~O
TRUONG D~I HQC KINH TE TP.HO CHi MINH
NGUYENTHJHUONGTHAO
ANH HUONG CUA CHAT LUONG CUOC SONG CONG VIEC
DEN KET QUA LAM VI~C CUA NH.AN VI:EN: NGHIEN CUU T~i NGAN
HANG TMCP XUAT NH~P KHAU VI~T NAM TREN DJA BAN
THANH PHO HO CHi MINH
LU~N VAN TH~C Sl KINH TE
TP.
HB Chi Minh- Nam 2015
,.........,
c;
BQ GIAO Dl}C VA DAO T~O
TRUONG D~I HQC KINH TE TP.HO CHi MINH
NGUYENTHJHUONGTHAO
ANH HUONG CUA CHAT LUONG CUOC SONG CONG VIEC
DEN KET QUA LAM VI~C CUA NH.AN VI:EN: NGHIEN CUU T~i NGAN
HANG TMCP XUAT NH~P KHAU VI~T NAM TREN DJA BAN
THANH PHO HO CHi MINH
Chuyen nganh: Quan trj kinh doanh hu6ng nghien cll'U
Ma s6: 60340102
LU~N VAN TH~C SI KINH TE
NGUOI HUONG DAN KHOA HQC:
PGS. TS. BlJI THANH TRANG
TP.
HB Chi Minh- Nam 2015
,.........,
LOICAMDOAN
Toi xin cam doan
lu~n
van nay la cong trinh nghien dru cua ca nhan t6i va
th\fc hi~n duai S\1' huang diln khoa hoc cua PGS. TS. Bui Thanh Trang. Cac s6 li~u
thu th~p dU'Q'C va kSt qua duQ'c trinh bay trong bai nghien c(ru nay la hoan toan trung
th\l'C, toi xin hoan toan chiu trach nhi~m V~ nQi dung CUa d~ tai nghien Cll'U nay.
TP.
H6 Chi Minh, ngay 31 thing 05 nam 2015
Tac gia
Nguy~n Thj Huong Thao
Ml}C Ll}C
Trang
TRANG PHl} BiA
LOI CAM DOAN
Ml}C Ll}C
cAc TUVIET TAT
DANH Ml}C cAc HiNH VE VA DO THl
DANH Ml}C cAc BANG BIEU
DANH Ml}C cAc PHl} Ll}C
DANH Ml}C
cuu ................................... 1
CHUaNG 1. TONG QUAN VE DE TAl NGHIEN
1010
10 2
0
1. 3
0
1.40
1. 5
0
10 6
0
Ly do chQn dS taiooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Mvc tieu nghien cuuoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
u6i tm:;mg va ph~:tm vi nghien cuu
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Phuong phap nghi en cuuooooooooooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooo
Y nghia thl,l'c tiSn cua nghien cuu ooooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo ooooooo ooooooo
KSt cfiu cua dS tai
CHU aNG 2.
2010
0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1
2
2
3
3
4
co so LY THUYET v A MO HiNH NGHIEN CUu .................. 5
Chfit lm;mg cuqc s6ng c6ng vi~c
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
0
0
0
5
201010 Sz..r ra a&i cua thucJ-t ngfrchdt lur;ng cu(Jc s6ng cong vi?cooooooooooooooooooooooooo 5
2010 20 Khai ni?m chdt lu:c;ng cu(Jc s6ng c6ng vi?co
0
2
020
2.3
2
0
.4 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
000000000
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
6
00000000
7
11
Cac nghien cuu tmac vS m6i tuong quan gifra chfit luQllg cuqc s6ng c6ng vi~c
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
M6 hinh nghien cuu va cac gia thuySt
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Quy trinh nghien cuu
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
14
0
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
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0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
cuu ............................................................. 20
CHU aNG 3. THIET KE NGHIEN
010
0
KSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien oooo oooooooo oooooooo Ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
T6m t~t chuang
3
0
Cac nghien cuu vS thanh ph~n cua chfit luQllg cuqc s6ng c6ng vi~c
va kst qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien
2050
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
20
3.2. ThiSt kS nghien ciru ............................................................................................ 21
3.2.1. Nghien ciru sa b(J...................................................................................... 2 1
3.2.1.1. Nghien ciru sa b(J dtnh tinh .............. ........ ........ ........ ........ ........... 21
3. 2.1. 2. Kit qua nghien citu sa b(J dtnh tinh. ......... ........ ........ ....... ........ .... 22
3.2.1.3. Nghien ciru sa b(J dtnh lu911g ...................................................... 25
3. 2.1.4. Kit qua nghien citu sa b(J dtnh lu911g ......................................... 26
3.2.2. Nghien ciru chinh thuc ................................................................ ............ 28
3.2.2.1. Kich thu&c mdu ........................................................................... 28
3.2.2.2. Phuong phap ch9n mdu .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........... 29
3.2.2.3. Phan tich h6i quy. ..... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........... 30
T6m t~t chuang 3 ............................................................................................... ....... 30
CHUONG 4. KET QUA NGHIEN CUU .............................................................. 32
4.1. Thong tin m&u nghien c(ru ................................................................................. 32
4.2 . Uanh gia d9 tin
c~y
thang do .............................................................................. 34
4. 2.1. Danh gia d(J tin c~ thang do chdt lu911g cu(Jc s6ng c6ng vi?c ............... 34
4.2.2. Danh gia d(J tin c~ thang do kit qua Jam vi?c cua nhan vien .......... ...... 36
4.3 . Phan tich nhan t6 kham pha EFA .......... ........ ................ ........ ........ ........ ....... ...... 36
4.3.1. Phan tich EFA thang do chdt lu911g cu(Jc s6ng c6ng vi?c ....................... 36
4.3.2. Phan tich EFA thang do kit qua Jam vi?c cua nhan vien ........................ 39
4.3.3. Tom t!it kit qua kiJm dtnh thang do ......................................................... 39
4.4 . Phan tich h6i quy ................................................................................................ 40
4.4.1. Phan tich tuang quan .................................................... ........ ....... ............ 40
4. 4.2. Danh gia va kiJm dtnh d(J phit h9'p cua m6 hinh .......... ........ ........ ....... .... 42
4. 4.3.
f
nghza cac h? s6 h6i quy. ............................. ........ ........ ........ ........ ........... 43
4.4.4. KiJm dtnh cac gia thuyit nghien ciru ....................................................... 44
4.4.5. Do tim Sl;l'Vi phc;~m cac gia dtnh cdn thiit. ................................................ 45
4.5. Phan tich S\1' khac bi~t vS kSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien voi cac ySu t6 nhan
khfiu hQc .................................................................................................................... 47
4. 5.1. Gi&i tinh ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... ... 47
405020 Di)
tu6ioooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
40 50 30 Trlnh di) h9c vdn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
000000
0
0
0
0
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0
405040 Chirc V{looooooooooooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo ooooooo oooo
405050
4060
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
40 6.10 Thanh phdn Luang thuiYng thoa dang, c6ng bling.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000000000000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
406.20 Thanh phdn Phat triJn nang hrc ca nhan.oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
406.30 Thanh phdn SZ;r hoa nh4p trong t6 chircooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
40 6. 40 Thanh phdn Ca hi)i phat triJn nghd nghi¢p va dti m biw cong vi¢c
40 6. 50 Thanh phdn Didu ki¢n lam vi¢c an to{m va dam baa sire khoe
40 6. 6. Thanh phdn Can bling gifra cong vi¢c va cui)c sdng
70
48
50
s6 nam lam vi¢c ooooOooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo ooooooooooo 50
Tha o lu~n kSt qu a nghien c(ru
40 6.
48
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Thanh phdn Tuan thu cac quydn CO' ban cua ngu&i lao di)ng
406.80Thanh phdn Nh4n thirc vd trach nhi¢m xfi hi)i cua t6 chirc
T 6 m t~t chua n g
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
52
53
53
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
53
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
54
0
0
0
0
54
0
54
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000000000000000000000
0
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
55
CHUONG 5. KET LU~N VA HAM Y................................................................ 57
50
1
50 2
0
0
T6m t~t kSt qua c h inhoooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo ooooooo
Ham
y quan
tri c h o doanh nghi~p ooooooooooooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo ooooooo oooooo
57
58
50 2010 Luong thuiYng thoa dang, c6ng blingooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 59
502020Phat triJn nang lZ;rc ca nhan
50 2030SZ;r hoa nh4p trong t6 chirc
0
0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
6
0
0
62
0
63
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00000000
.
0000000
.
0000000
.
0000000000
64
.
.
0
.
0
.
0
65
502. 40Ca hi)i phat triJn nghd nghi¢p va dam baa cong vi¢co
0
502050 Didu ki¢n lam vi¢c an toan va dam baa sire khoe
50 206. Can bling gifra cong vi¢c va cui)c sdngo
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50 207. Tuan thu cac quydn CO' ban cua ngu&i lao di)ng ooooooooooo oooooooo oooooooo ooooooooooo
50 2080Nh4n thirc vd trach nhi¢m xfi hi)i cua t6 chirco
0
5
.3
0
0
0
0
0
H::tn chS cua n g hie n Cll'U v a huang n g hie n Cll'U tiSp t h e o
TAl LI~U THAM KHAO
PHl} Ll}C
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
66
6
7
6
7
DANH Ml}C CAC TUVIET TAT
ANOVA
: Analysis of Variance- Phan tich phuang sai
CB
: Can b~ng gifra cong vi~c va cuoc s6ng
CH
: Co hoi phat triSn nghS nghi~p va dam bao cong vi~c
DK
: UiSu ki~n lam vi~c an toan va dam bao sue khoe
EFA
: Exploratory Factor Analysis- Phan tich nhan t6 kham pha
HN
: Sv hoa nhi;tp trong t6 chuc
KMO
: H~ s6 Kaiser - Mayer- Olkin
KQ
: KSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien
LT
: Luang thu&ng thoa dang, cong b~ng
PT
: Phat triSn nang lvc ca nhan
QL
: Tuan thu cac quySn co ban cua nguai lao dong
QWL
: Chfit luQ'llg cuoc s6ng cong vi~c
SERV-PERVAL
: Service Perceived Value- Thang do gia tri cam nhi;tn dich V\]
Sig.
: Observed significance level - Mire y nghia quan sat
SPSS
: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - Phftn mSm th6ng
ke cho khoa h<;>c xa hoi
T-Test
: Independent- Sample T-Test- KiSm dinh gia thuySt vS tri
trung binh cua hai t6ng ths, tmang hQ'p mfiu doc lt;tp
TP.HCM
: Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh
VIF
: Variance inflation factor - H~ s6 ph6ng d~i phuang sai
XH
: Nhi;tn thuc vS trach nhi~m xa hoi cua t6 chuc
DANH Ml}C
cAc HiNH VE VA DOTH!
Trang
Hinh 2.1. M6 hinh nghien c(ru ................................................................................. 18
Hinh 3.1. Quy trinh nghien c(ru .. ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .. ...... .. ... 20
d6 4.1. u6 thi phan tan ........................................ .. ...... .. ...... .. ...... .. ...... .. .......... 45
BiSu d6 4.2. BiSu d6 phan ph6i chuAn cua phin du .... ........ ........ ........ ........ .. .......... .46
BiSu
DANH Ml}C CAC BANG BIEU
Trang
Bimg 2 .1. Cac th:'mh phftn QWL duQ'c sir dt,mg trong cac nghien c(ru ...................... 10
Bimg 3 .1. Thang do chftt luQ'llg cuoc s6ng c6ng vi~c ............................................... 22
Bimg 3.2. Thang do kSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vi en ................................................ 25
Bang 4.1. Th6ng ke m~u khao sat ............................................................................. 33
Bang 4.2. KSt qua danh gia thang do QWL b~ng h~ s6 tin c~y Cronbach's Alpha .. 34
Bang 4.3. KSt qua danh gia thang do kSt qua lam vi~c b~ng h~ s6 tin c~y Cronbach's
Alpha ......................................................................................................................... 36
Bang 4.4. KSt qua phan tich nhan t6 thang do QWL lftn 1 ....................................... 37
Bang 4.5. KSt qua phan tich nhan t6 thang do QWL lftn 2 ....................................... 38
Bang 4 .6. KSt qua phan tich EFA cho thang do kSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien ..... 39
Bang 4.7. T6m tiit kSt qua kiSm dinh thang do .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ..... 40
Bang 4. 8. Bang h~ s6 tuong quan ................ ....... ........ ........ ........ ........ ................ ...... 41
Bang 4 .9. E>anh gia do phu hQ'p cua m6 hinh ........................................................... 42
Bang 4.10. KSt qua phan tich phuong sai ................................................................. 42
Bang 4 .11. KSt qua phan tich h6i guy ....................................................................... 43
Bang 4.12. KSt quaT-Test so sanh kSt qua lam vi~c theo gia i tinh .... ....... ........ ...... 47
Bang 4.13. KSt qua kiSm dinh Levene theo do tu6i ............................ ........ ....... ....... 48
Bang 4.14. KSt qua phan tich One -Way ANOVA theo do tu6i ........ ....... ........ ........ 48
Bang 4.15. KSt qua kiSm dinh Levene theo trinh do hQc vftn ...................... ....... ...... 49
Bang 4 .16. KSt qua phan tich One -Way ANOVA theo trinh do hQc vftn ................ 49
Bang 4 .17. KSt qua kiSm dinh Post theo trinh do hQc vftn ........................................ 49
Bang 4 .18. KSt qua kiSm dinh Levene theo chll'c
V\1 ................................................ 50
Bang 4.19. KSt qua phan tich One -Way ANOVA theo chll'c v1,1 ...... ....... ........ ........ 50
Bang 4.20. KSt qua kiSm dinh Levene theo s6 nam lam vi~c ...................... ....... ...... 50
Bang 4.2 1. KSt qua phan tich One -Way ANOVA theo s6 nam lam vi~c .......... ...... 51
Bang 4.22. KSt qua kiSm dinh Post Hoc theo s6 nam lam vi~c .......... ........ ........ ...... 51
Bimg 5 .1. Gia tri trung binh thang do luong thu6ng thoa dang, c6ng b~ng ............. 59
Bimg 5.2. Gia tri trung binh thang do phat triSn nang h,rc ca nhan .......................... 61
Bang 5.3. Gia tri trung binh thang do sl,.l' hoa nh~p trong t6 chuc ............................. 62
Bang 5.4. Gia tri trung binh thang do co h<)i phat triSn nghS nghi~p va dam bao
c6ng
vi~c
................................................................................................................... 63
Bang 5.5. Gia tri trung binh thang do diSu ki~n lam vi~c an toan va dam bao
sue khoe .................................................................................................................... 64
Bang 5.6. Gia tri trung binh thang do can b~ng gifra c6ng vi~c va CUQC s6ng .......... 65
Bang 5.7. Gia tri trung binh thang do tuan thu cac quySn
CO'
ban cua nguoi lao
d<)ng ..................... ................ ........ ................ ................ ........................................ ..... 66
Bang 5.8. Gia tri trung binh thang do nh~n thuc vS trach nhi~m xa h<)i cua t6
chuc .......................................................................................................................... 67
DANH Ml}C CAC PHl} Ll}C
PHl} Ll}C 1: BANG cAu HOI THU THAP
Y KIEN
PHl} Ll}C 2: DAN BAI THAO LUAN NHOM
PHl} Ll}C 3: BANG cAu HOI KHAo sAT so BO
PHl} Ll}C 4: KET QUA DANH GIA SO B0 THANG DO
PHl} Ll}C 5: BANG cAu HOI KHAO sAT CHINH THUC
PHl} Ll}C 6: THONG KE MOTA MAu NGHIEN cU'u
PHl} Ll}C 7: KET QUA PHAN TICH HE SO CRONBACH'S ALPHA CHO
THANG DO CHINH THUC
PHl} Ll}C 8: KET QUA PHAN TICH NHAN TO KHAM PHA EFA CHO
THANG DO CHINH THUC
PHl} Ll}C 9: KET QUA PHAN TICH HOI QUY
PHl} Ll}C 10: KET QUA PHAN TICH Slj KHAC BIBT VE KET QUA LAM
VIBc cuA NHAN VIEN vdi cAc YEU TO NHAN KHAu HOC
PHl} Ll}C 11: GIA TRl TRUNG BINH cAc BIEN QUAN sAT CUA THANG
DO cHAT LVONG CU0C SONG CONG VIBC
1
CHUONG 1. TONG QUAN VE DE TAl NGHIEN CUu
1.1. Ly do ch9n d~ tai
Khi duQ'c hoi t~i sao l~i cuap nhi bang, Willie Sutton, mot ke n&m ngoii vong
phap lu~t nguai My a thS ky 19 da tra lai: "Bai vi tiSn n&m a do". Ly do cua h~n
khong sai: tlr khi ho~t dong ngan hang hi~n d~i xu~t hi~n t~i Genoa vio thS ky 12,
cac ngan hang vi tiSn luon song hinh vai nhau. (The Business of Banking © The
Economist Newspaper Limited, London, 30/ 10/ 1999). Trii qua tam thS ky, h~ th6ng
ngan hang vfin duQ'c coi li "huySt m~ch" cua nSn kinh tS, dong vai tro quan trQng
nh~t trong h~ th6ng trung gian tii chinh. Bai v~y, ho~t dong ngan hang cftn phii
luon thong su6t, hi~u qua vi an toin dS duy tri S\f v~n hinh troi chay cac ho~t dong
trong nSn kinh tS, gop phftn thuc diy kinh tS phat triSn.
Trong ho~t dong kinh doanh cua cac ngan hang, khach hang thuang xu yen tiSp
xuc giao dich vai cac nhan vien. MQi thai de), phong each lim
vi~c
cua nhan vien co
anh huang quySt dinh dSn hinh anh vi uy tin cua ngan hang. Vi v~y, vai kiSn thuc,
kinh nghi~m, thai do ph1,1c v1,1, kha nang thuySt ph1,1c khach hang, ngo~i hinh, trang
ph1,1c nhan vi en ... co thS lim tang them ch~t luQ'llg dich v1,1 hoi;ic cling co thS se lim
giam ch~t luQ'llg dich Vl,l. Hi~n nay, vai S\f xu~t hi~n cua nhiSu ngan hang trong vi
ngoai nU'OC, trinh dQ cong ngh~, san phim gftn nhu khong CO S\f khac bi~t, cac ngan
hang chi co thS nang cao tinh c~nh tranh b&ng ch~t luQ'llg phl,lc Vl,l cua d()i ngil nhan
vien. (T~p chi khoa hQc vi cong ngh~, U~i hQc Ui Ning- s6 6(29).2008). UiSu nay
cho th~y qua cac thai ki phat triSn nsn kinh ts, vai tro cua nhan vien - con nguai
trong kinh doanh khong thS bi coi nh~ rna ngiy cing duQ'c dS cao. Do do dS tang lQ'i
nhu~n, co duQ'c lQ'i thS c~nh tranh, t~o duQ'c mot thuong hi~u ngan hang bSn vfrng
trong nginh chi b&ng each nang cao kSt qua lim vi~c cua nhan vien. Nhu v~y dS
phat huy hSt nang ll,l'c cua nhan vien, ngoii vi~c tuySn d1,1ng duQ'c ung vien t6t nh~t
vio vi tri phu hQ'p thi cac nhi quan tri phai lim thS nio dS nhan vien hiSu duQ'c gia
tri cua hQ d6i vai cong ty, biSt chinh hQ dang dU'Q'C d6i Xlr cong b&ng, giup hQ co
dU'Q'C S\f can b&ng gifra CUQC s6ng vi cong vi~c dfty ap ll,l'c, ... Day chinh li diSu rna
cac nhi quan tri luon quan tam vi tran tra.
2
Ngan hang TMCP Xufit Nhiitp Khfiu Vi~t Nam (Eximbank)- nai tac gia dang
cong tac cung nhiitn thuc duqc nang cao kSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vi en la mot trong
nhung ysu t6 quyst dinh thanh cong trong vi~c hoan thanh chi tieu kinh doanh.
Trong nam 2014, Eximbank da chu trnang tinh gQn nhan S\f dS xay dl,l'ng bo may
nhan S\f chfit luqng cao ph\lC V\l ngay cang t6t han trong cong tac ban hang. Tuy
nhien, thl,l'c tS t6c do tang trnang va nang sufit lao dong cua Eximbank ca nam 2014
giam dang kS so vai cac nam trnac, dfiy ngan hang rai khoi danh sach top
s truysn
th6ng. Viity dau la nguyen nhan anh huang dSn hi~u qua lam vi~c cua nhan vi en?
Li~u chfit luqng cuoc s6ng cong vi~c cua nhan vien c6 anh huang dSn kSt qua lam
vi~c cua nhan vien? Va ySu t6 nao trong vi~c hinh thanh nen chfit luqng cuoc s6ng
nai lam vi~c duqc danh gia la quan trQng nhfit?
Xu fit phat
ru nhfrng yeu cfiu tren, tac gia da chQn
dS tai "Anh huOn.g ciia
ch~t lm;mg cu(_k sBng cong vi~c d~n k~t qua lam vi~c ciia nhan vH~n: nghien cliu
t~i Ngan hang TMCP Xu~t Nh~p Kh~u Vi~t Nam tren d!a ban thanh phB HB
Chi Minh".
1.2. Ml;IC tieu nghien Cllu
- Xac dinh cac thanh ph~n chfit luqng cuoc s6ng cong vi~c dSn kSt qua lam
vi~c cua nhan vien t~i ngan hang Eximbank tren dia ban thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh.
- Danh gia do tin ciity va kiSm dinh thang do chfit luqng cuoc s6ng cong vi~c
va thang do kst qua lam vi~c cua nhan vi en.
- KiSm dinh mo hinh va gia thuySt nghien ClrU thong qua phan tich tuang
quan, phan tich h6i quy.
- KiSm dinh S\f khac bi~t gifra cac biSn nhan khfiu hQc dSn kSt qua lam vi~c
cua nhan vien, d6ng thai ds xufit mot s6 ham
y chinh
sach cho cac ngan hang
TMCP n6i chung va ngan hang Eximbank n6i rieng cai thi~n chfit luqng cuoc s6ng
cong vi~c nh~m nang cao kst qua lam vi~c cua nhan vi en.
1.3. DBi tm;mg va ph~m vi nghien cliu
DBi tugng nghien cliu: Tac dong cua chfit luqng cuoc s6ng cong vi~c dSn kSt
qua lam vi~c cua nhan vi en t~i Ngan hang TMCP Xufit Nhiitp Khfiu Vi~t Nam.
3
DBi tuqng khao sat: Chu ySu la nhfrng nhan vien va quim tri bi;ic trung tra
xu6ng va lam vi~c toan thai gian t~i ngan hang TMCP Xu~t Nhi;ip Kh~u Vi~t Nam.
Ph~m vi nghH~n cllu: Do h~n chS vS thai gian thl,l'c hi~n, nen trong nghien
dru nay tac gia chi ti;ip trung nghien dru t~i ngan hang TMCP Xu~t Nhi;ip Kh~u Vi~t
Nam tren dia ban thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh.
1.4. Phuong phap nghien cliu
Nghien c(ru duQ'c thl,l'c hi~n thong qua 2 giai do~n: Giai do~n dfiu tien nghien
c(ru sa b9 va giai
Giai
do~n
do~n
hai nghien c(ru chinh thuc.
1: Nghien cllu sO' b~
DuQ'c thl,l'c hi~n b~ng hai phuang phap la nghien cll'u sa b9 dinh tinh va
nghien cll'u sa b9 dinh luQ'llg. Nghien cll'u sa b9 dinh tinh thl,l'c
hi~n
thong qua ky
thui;it tham v~n y kiSn va dl,l'a tren ca sa thang do cua cac nghien ClrU tm6c day dS
xay dl,l'ng thang do nhap. Ttr thang do nhap Slr dvng ky thui;it thao lui;in nh6m ti;ip
trung dS lo~i bo cac biSn quan sat khong dUQ'C S\f nh~t tri , b6 sung va hi~u chinh cac
bisn quan sat nh~m xay dl,l'ng thang sa b<;>.
Nghien cll'u sa b9 dinh luQ'llg duQ'c thi~c hi~n v6i co m~u nho (N = 150)
b~ng phuang phap phong v~n tfl,l'c tiSp thong qua bang cau hoi chi tiSt dS danh gia
sa b9 vS d9 tin ci;iy, gia tri cua thang do sa b9 trong diSu ki~n khao sat thl,l'c tS, dS
tranh cac sai s6t trong qua trinh thiSt kS bang cau hoi. Sau d6 diSu chinh cho phu
hQ'p nh~m hoan thi~n thang do va bang cau hoi cho nghien ClrU chinh thtrc.
Giai do~n 2: Nghien cllu chinh thuc
8UQ'C thl,l'C hi~n b~ng phuang phap nghien ClrU dinh luQ'llg. Ttr bang cau hoi
khao sat chinh thll'c tiSn hanh thu thi;ip dfr li~u v6i m~u diSu tra g6m 300 nhan vien
tlr c~p trung tra xu6ng cua Eximbank. Tac gia sll' dvng phfin mSm SPSS 20 dS xu ly
dfr li~u. Dfr li~u sau khi phan tich va danh gia dung dS kiSm dinh thang do, mo hinh
nghien ctru va cac gia thuySt nghien ctru.
1.5.
Y nghia thl!C ti~n CUa nghien CUu
v6i m\]C tieu
d~t ra thi kSt qua cua nghien ClrU se lam ca sa khoa hQc mang
tinh khach quan ds cac nha lanh d~o hisu ro han vs cam nhi:in va danh gia cua nhan
4
vien vS chfit hrQ'llg CUQC s6ng c6ng vi~c t~i Eximbank, thfiy dUQ'C mtrc d9 anh huang
cua chfit luQ'llg CUQC s6ng c6ng vi~c dSn kSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien nhu thS
nao. Qua do dua ra cac gQ'i y dinh huang cai thi~n chfit lUQ'llg CUQC s6ng noi lam
vi~c, t~p trung vao chinh sach nao dS dam bao chfit luQ'llg CUQC s6ng noi lam vi~c dS
nhan vien CO dQng hrc lam vi~c cham chi Va nang sufit han nh~m nang cao SlrC qmh
tranh tren thi trnOn.g tai chinh trong giai do~n tai cfiu true h~ th6ng ngan hang hi~n
nay.
1.6. K~t c~u cua d~ tai
KSt cfiu cua lu~n van g6m 5 chuang, Cl) thS nhu sau:
Chuang 1: T6ng quan vS dS tai nghien cuu.
Chuang 2: Co so ly thuySt va m6 hinh nghien ClrU
Chuang 3: ThiSt kS nghien cuu
Chuang 4: KSt qua nghien cuu.
Chuang 5: KSt lu~n va ham y
5
CHUONG 2. CO SOLY THUYET VA
MO HiNH NGHIEN CUu
Chuang 1 da giai thi~u t6ng quan vS dS ti1i nghien c(ru. Chuang 2 mly nh~m
trinh bay cac khai ni~m va ly thuy~t lien quan d~n chftt luQTig CUQC s6ng cong vi~c
va k~t qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien. u6ng thai t6ng k~t cac nghien ciru trnac vs m6i
tuang quan giua QWL vai k~t qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien ttr d6 dS xuftt mo hinh
nghien cll'U va cac gia thuy~t.
2.1. Chit lugng cu()c sBng cong vi~c
2.1.1. Sl! ra dOi cua thu~t ngfr chit lffi?11g cu()c sBng cong vi~c
Theo nghien ciru cua Martel va Dupuis (2006) cho r~ng
w phat triSn cua
thu~t ngfr chftt luQTig cu(>c s6ng cong vi~c (Quality of working/work life- QWL) b~t
dAu vao cu6i nhfrng nam cua th~p nien 1960 nhftn m~nh d~n y~u t6 con nguoi trong
cong vi~c b~ng each t~p trung vao chftt luQTig cua m6i quan h~ gifra nguoi lao d(>ng
va moi trnang lam vi~c. Chinh phu cac nuac Chau Au vai chinh sach xa h(>i dan
chu da n6 h.rc cai each dS c6 Sl)' binh ding vS ca h(>i vi~c lam, cai thi~n moi trnang
lam vi~c va phuc lQ'i cho nguoi lao d(>ng. Qua trinh nay dUQ'C Sl)' ung hQ CUa cac t6
chirc cong doan , nguoi lao d(>ng va cac dang phai chinh tri.
v6i xu huang dang b~t dAu a Chau Au da tro thanh ap ll)'c m~nh me d6i vai
Hoa Ky. Thu~t ngfr QWL duQ'c giai thi~u IAn dAu tien t~i h(>i nghi quan h~ lao d(>ng
qu6c t~ t6 chirc vao thang 9 nam 1972 t~i Hoa Ky (Anbarasan va Mehta, 2010). M(>t
trong nhfrng k~t lu~n cua h(>i nghi nay la thua nh~n sl)' cAn thi~t phai ph6i hQ'p n6
ll)'c gifra cac nha nghien ClrU va cac t6 chirc c6 lien quan dS xay dl)'ng h~ th6ng tai
li~u ly thuy~t vfrng ch~c vS QWL. Hang 6 t6 General Motors la doanh nghi~p tien
phong xay dl)'ng chuang trinh QWL cai each cong vi~c. M1,1c tieu dS danh gia
w hai
long cua nhan vien vS chftt luQTig CUQC s6ng cong vi~c dS phat triSn cac chuang
trinh nh~m thu hUt va duy tri ngu6n nhan ll)'c, g6p phAn nang cao chftt luQTig ph1,1c
Vl,l khach hang, nang cao nang suftt va nang ll)'c c~nh tranh cua doanh nghi~p. KS tU
d6, chuang trinh da duQ'c phat triSn dS cai thi~n m9t lo~t cac vftn dS doi s6ng cong
vi~c, bao g6m sire khoe, an toan nghS nghi~p va dam bao vi~c lam cho nguoi lao
d(>ng. Day la Sl)' ki~n khoi dAu cho cac nha nghien ciru, nguoi Slr dl,lng lao d(>ng,
6
cong doan Va nguoi lao d<)ng xac dinh cac m&u sf> chung giup hai hoa cac ffi\}C tieu
va nguy~n VQng cua
d.t
ca cac ben tham gia vao thS gioi vi~c lam (Martel va
Dupuis, 2006).
2.1.2. Kluii ni~m ch~t lu
Theo Walton (1974) dinh nghia chfit luQ'llg cu<)c s6ng c6ng vi~c (QWL) la
cac di~u ki~n va cac d~c tinh CUa cong vi~c gop phftn t~O d<)ng h_xc, hi~u qua va Sl_l'
thoa man c6ng vi~c. Chfit luQ'llg cu<)c s6ng c6ng vi~c c6 tftm quan trQng giup nang
cao gia tri con nguoi va m6i tmang lam vi~c rna v6n da hi xem nh~ do nhfrng lQ'i
ich v~ nang sufit va kinh tS rna Sl_l' tiSn b<) khoa hQC c6ng ngh~ mang l~i.
Fernandes (1996) dinh nghia QWL la m6i lien h~ gifra s1.1 hai long cua nguoi
lao d<)ng va lam cai thi~n nang sufit cua doanh nghi~p. Chfit luQllg CUQC s6ng c6ng
vi~c g6p phftn giup nhan vien duQ'c ton trQng do nhfrng dong g6p cho gia tri ti~m
nang bao dam thanh c6ng cua t6 chuc (trich d&n theo Martel va Dupuis, 2006).
Carayon ( 1997), QWL la kha nang thich ung cua nhan vi en tmoc anh huang
cua nhi~u ysu t6 khac nhau trong qua trinh lam vi~c d&n dsn cac kSt qua cong vi~c
khac nhau, chfit luQllg cu<)c s6ng c6ng vi~c g6m cac thanh phftn nhu sl_l' hai long
trong cong vi~c, quan h~ trong tf> chtrc va can b~ng trong CUQC s6ng cong vi~c.
Cole va cac c<)ng Sl_l' (2005) cho r~ng QWL bao g6m cac khia qmh cua m6i
tmang lam vi~c co anh huang dsn sue khoe va thanh qua lao d9ng cua m9t ca nhan
nao d6.
Theo Serey (2006), QWL bao g6m ( 1) ca h<)i su d\lng tai nang va nang l1.1c
cua nguai lao d9ng ds d6i m~t voi cac thach thuc va tinh hu6ng doi hoi phai co
sang kiSn d<)c l~p va Sl_l' tl_l' chi d~o, (2) m<)t ho~t d<)ng dUQ'C cho la c6 gia tri hoi cac
ca nhan CO lien quan, (3) IDQt
ho~t
d<)ng rna nguoi lao d<)ng
nh~n
thtrc dUQ'C vai tro
cua minh khi tham gia dS d~t m\}c tieu chung va (4) m<)t cam giac tl_1 hao v~ nhfrng
gi hQ dang lam va khi ho~t d<)ng d~t duQ'c kSt qua t6t.
Sameer va Asif (2008) dinh nghia QWL la chfit luQ'llg m6i quan h~ gifra
nguoi lao d<)ng va m6i tmang lam vi~c. M6i tmang lam vi~c c6 anh huang lan dSn
7
d9ng hrc lam vi~c,
w
thoa man cong vi~c cua nguai lao d9ng ttr do tac d9ng dsn
nang suit va lqi nhu~n cua t6 chuc.
NhiSu tac gia va nha nghien cuu da dua ra cac khai ni~m khac nhau vS chit
luqng cuqc s6ng c6ng vi~c. Sau khi nghien cuu cac khai ni~m, c6 thS hiSu chit
luqng CUQC s6ng cong vi~c la mqt qua trinh rna mqt tb chtrc cho phep cac thanh vien
cua minh
a tit ca cac cip tham gia tich eve vao vi~c hinh thanh nen m6i tmang va
phuong phap lam vi~c. Gia tri qua trinh nay la dS huang tai hai mvc tieu: tang
cuang hi~u qua CUa t6 chtrc Va cai thi~n chit luqng CUQC s6ng cho nguai lao dqng
t~i
noi lam
vi~c.
2.2. Cac nghien CUu v~ thfmh phin cua chit hrqng cu()c sBng cong vi~c
Cling nhu khai ni~m chit luqng CUQC s6ng c6ng vi~c, cac thanh ph~n cua
chit luqng cuqc s6ng c6ng vi~c cling duqc xem xet du6i nhiSu each khac nhau.
Ph~n 16n cac tai li~u nghien cuu dSu cho rflng dua ra m9t m6 hinh chung, ph6 biSn
dS danh gia QWL la m9t diSu rit kh6 khan. Cac thanh ph~n cua QWL cua cac nha
nghien cuu khac nhau la khac nhau va m9t mo hinh nghien cuu kiSm dinh
a cac
qu6c gia khac nhau cling c6 nhfrng thanh ph~n khac nhau (Daud, 2010).
,._., Mo hinh cua Walton
M6 hinh nghien cuu chinh thuc lau dai nhit vS QWL duqc dS xuit bai
Walton (1974). KSt qua nghien cuu cua Walton khi khao sat vS llnh vvc c6ng
nghi~p dich vv t~i My cho rflng QWL rit c~n thiSt trong tuySn dvng va gifr chan
nguai lao d9ng. Walton xay dvng chit luqng cuqc s6ng c6ng vi~c g6m 8 thanh
ph~n:
- Luong thuang thoa dang, c6ng bflng: mire luang va thuang rna nguai lao
dqng
nh~n
dUQ'C tll'ong Xtrng VOi nang lvc lam
vi~c,
dap trng du chi phi sinh
ho~t
theo tieu chufin xa h9i va c6ng bflng so vai cac vi tri khac trong doanh nghi~p.
- DiSu ki~n lam vi~c an toan va dam bao sue khoe: gia lam vi~c va kh6i luqng
c6ng vi~c duqc qui dinh hqp H, cac diSu ki~n v~t chi t cua m6i tmang lam vi~c duqc
dam bao ti~n dvng,
s~ch
se va an toan cho nhan vien.
8
- Phat triSn nang hrc ca nhan: cho phep nhan vien c6 co h9i dS nang cao kiSn
thuc, ky nang lien quan dSn ho~t d9ng lam vi~c thong qua dao t~o va b6 sung kiSn
thuc. C6 diSu ki~n t6t dS su d1.mg, phat triSn kiSn thuc, ky nang, phat huy nang 1\l'c
ca nhan va w chu ds hoan thanh cong vi~c m9t each t6t nhiit.
- Co h9i phat triSn nghS nghi~p va dam bao cong vi~c: c6 co h9i duQ'c ren
luy~n, duQ'c dam bao cong vi~c f>n dinh. E>uQ'c khuySn khich tham gia cac kh6a hQc
nang cao kiSn thuc, ki nang cua minh. Cho phep nhan vien phat triSn S\l' nghi~p
b~ng cac co h9i thang tiSn cho cac vi tri chuc V\1 cao han, lam vi~c cho dSn tu6i
nghi huu,
- S\l' hoa nh~p trong t6 chuc: mQi ngm)'i trong t6 chuc duQ'c d6i xu binh d~ng
khong phan bi~t, hoa d6ng, cling nhau ph6i hQ'p th\l'c hi~n cong vi~c t6t gifra cac
nhan vien voi nhau, cling nhu ph6i hQ'p gifra nhan vien voi
cfi.p tren
d~t dUQ'C thanh
qua t6t trong cong vi~c. Khong c6 S\l' phan chia giai cfip t~i noi lam vi~c, cac
y
tuOn.g va sang kiSn moi cua nhan vien duQ'c ung h9.
- Tuan thu cac quySn co ban cua nguai lao d9ng: ton trQng cac quySn
w do ca
nhan, cac y kiSn cling nhu cac quan diSm cua nhan vi en, binh d~ng, cong b~ng trong
mQi van dS cua cong vi~c dS cong vi~c duQ'c giai quySt m9t each thich hQ'p.
- Can b~ng gifra cong vi~c va CUQC s6ng: S\l' can b~ng gifra cong vi~c cua
nguai lao d9ng va cu9c s6ng cua hQ. C6 thai gian cho nghS nghi~p, gia dinh, thai
gian vui choi giai tri sau gia lam
vi~c
va cho cac ho~t d9ng xa h9i.
- M6i lien quan xa h9i cua cong vi~c: nhan vien nh~n thuc dUQ'C trach nhi~m
cua minh va t6 chuc minh d6i voi xa h9i trong chinh sach vS nhan S\l' nhu su d\}ng
lao d9ng, chat luQ'llg san phim dich V\1, van dS tai nguyen moi trnang, tham gia vao
S\l' phat triSn cua xa h9i, cua c9ng d6ng.
4-
Mo hinh ciia Huse va Cummings
Huse va Cummings (1985) nghien cuu vS llnh V\l'C cong nghi~p dich V\1 cling
dS xuat 8 thanh phfin chat luQ'llg CUQC s6ng cong vi~c:
- Luang va trQ' cap thoa dang, cong b~ng: Luang va trQ' cap duQ'c tra theo dung
tieu chuin CUa xa hQi va dam bao CUQC s6ng cho nguai lao dQng
9
- Moi tm
vi~c
vi~c
trong moi tm
- Phat triSn nang h,rc
lam
an toan va khoe
vi~c
s~ch
ca. nhan:
m~nh:
nguai lao d<)ng nen dUQ'C lam
se, thoang mat.
ca h<)i cho nguai lao d<)ng kham pha kha nang
CUa ban than nguai lao d<)ng theo each khac nhau: thl,l'C
hi~n
cong
vi~c
CO
tinh chftt quan trQng, mang tinh thach thuc, doi hoi nhiSu ky nang.
- Ca h<)i phat triSn: dao t~o nang cao tay nghS cho nguai lao d<)ng, ca h<)i lam
vi~c
a vi tri cao han
- Sl,l' h<)i nhi;tp xa h<)i: moi tm
V\1 t~i nai lam
vi~c
- Ton trQng quySn tl,l' do ca nhan nguai lao d<)ng: d6i xu cong b&ng v&i tftt ca
thanh vi en, ton trQng d~c diSm tinh each cua ttrng thanh vi en.
- Sl,l' can b&ng gifra cong vi~c va CUQC s6ng: nguai lao d<)ng c6 S\1' can b&ng
gifra CUQC s6ng ca nhan, gia dinh va cong vi~c
- Trach nhi~m v&i xa h<)i , niSm tl,l' hao vS t6 chuc: S\f hai long cua nguai lao
d<)ng khi lam vi~c trong t6 chuc, dong g6p cho xa h<)i nhfrng san phiim c6 chftt
luqng.
Ngoai ra, m<)t s6 nha nghien cuu khac dS xuftt vS thanh ph~n chftt luqng cu<)c
s6ng cong vi~c C\1 thS nhu trong bang 2.1:
10
Bang 2.1. Cac thanh ph~n QWL theo cac nghien CUu khac
Tac gia
Cac thanh phAn cua QWL
Linh VlJC
nghien ciiu
(1) Luong thm1ng thoa dang, cong bkg, (2) Moi
trncmg lam
Taylor (1978)
vi~c
Ky thu~it (My)
an to an, dam bao sue khoe, (3)
Phat triSn nang h,rc ca nhan, (4) D~c diSm, tinh
chit, nhi~m
Vl,l
n(?i dung cong vi~c , (5) Trich
nhi~m d6i v6i xa h(?i, niSm 11,1' hao cong vi~c.
(1) Ton
tn~ng
cap tren va tin tu&ng vao nang h,rc
Bao hiem
cua nhan vien; (2) Thay d6i cong vi~c; (3) Thach (chau Au)
Levine, Taylor and
Davis (1984)
thuc trong cong vi~c; (4) Ca h(?i phit triSn trong
tuang lai phit sinh tll'
hi~n t~i;
(5) Cong
Tl,l' trQng; (7) Ph~m vi cong vi~c va
vi~c;
CUQC
(6)
s6ng
ngoai cong vi~c hi anh huang; (8) Dong gop d6i
v6i xa h(?i
Mirvis and
(1) Luong; (2) DiSu ki~n va s6 gia lam vi~c;(3) Dich Vl,l doanh
vi~c
Lawler
Moi trnang lam
an toan; ( 4) Muc luong hqp
(1984)
ly; (5) D6i xu cong bfuig; (6) Ca h(?i thing ti~n
(1) Cong vi~c an toan; (2) H~ thong luong thu&ng;
Lau and
Bruce (1998)
Seyed Mehdi
Hosseini,
Gholamreza
Mehdizadeh Jorjatki
(20 10)
nghi~p
(Anh)
Dich vv cong
(3) Dao t~o; ( 4) Ca h(?i phit triSn nghS nghi~p; (5) nghi~p san
Tham gia vao qui trinh quy~t dinh cong vi~c
xullt (My)
(1) Luang va cac phuc lqi thoa ding, cong bfuig;
Marketing
(2) Tuan thu cic diSu ki~n an toan va khoe m~nh;
(Iran)
(3) Ca h9i phit triSn nghS nghi ~p va dam bao
nghS nghi~p; ( 4) Sl,l' cong nh~n cua t6 chuc; (5) Sl,l'
lien quan gifra CUQC s6ng cong vi~c, xa h(?i va
CUQC
s6ng ca nhan; ( 6) Sl,l' diSu chinh t6ng thS
khong gian s6ng; (7) Nang cao nang ll,l'c ci nhan
(Nguon : T.S. Nanjundeswaraswamy vaD.R. Swamy)
Sau khi t6ng kSt ly thuySt vS cac thanh ph~n ch~t luQllg cu<)c s6ng c6ng
vi~c, tac gia nh~n th~y m6 hinh cua Walton (1974) m~c du la m6 hinh nghien c(ru
11
chinh thuc lau doi nhftt nhung v&n mang tinh bao quat, ham chua cac thanh phfin
QWL cua cac tac gia khac va duqc dung lam thang do chinh trong nhiSu nghien ClrU
nhu:
- Nghien cuu cua Fallah (2006) vS m6i quan h~ gifra chftt luqng cu<)c s6ng
c6ng vi~c va hi~u qua lam vi~c cua nhan vi en t~i T 6 chuc kinh tS Kosar.
- Ashoob (2006) da nghien cuu va kSt lu~n r~ng c6 m6i quan h~ tich qrc gifra
chftt luqng cua CUQC s6ng c6ng vi~c va cam kSt trong t6 chuc cua Truong Trung h<;>c
Thanh ph6 Gonbad-e-Kavus.
- Nghien ClrU cua Behnam Talebi (20 12) vS m6i tuong quan gifra cac thanh
phfin chftt luqng CUQC s6ng c6ng vi~c va hi~u qua c6ng vi~c CUa cac giao dich vien
lam
vi~c t~i
ngan hang Azerbaijan, Iran.
Tom l~i, c6 thS nh~n thfty nhfrng thanh phfin duqc sir d1,mg r<)ng rai va phan
anh dfiy du cac khia qmh chinh CUa chftt luqng CUQC s6ng c6ng vi~c trong vi~c do
luang QWL g6m c6:
- Luong thu&ng thoa dang, c6ng b~ng
- UiSu ki~n lam vi~c an toan va dam bao SlrC khoe
- Phat triSn nang ll,l'c ca nhan
- Ca h<)i phat triSn nghS nghi~p va dam bao c6ng vi~c
- 81,1' hoa nh~p trong t6 chuc
- Tuan thu cac quySn co ban cua nguoi lao d<)ng
- M6i lien quan xa h<)i cua c6ng vi~c
2.3. K~t qua him vi~c cua nhan vien
Theo Campbell va c<)ng Sl,l' (1993), kSt qua lam vi~c bao g6m cac hanh vi c6
thS quan sat rna m<)t nguoi thS hi~n trong c6ng vi~c cua minh nh~m d~t duqc m1,1c
tieu cua t6 chuc. Kh6ng phai m<;>i hanh vi dSu duqc xSp vao khai ni~m kSt qua lam
vi~c, rna chi nhfrng hanh d<)ng phu hQ'p voi illl,lC tieu CUa t6 chtrc.
Theo Rotundo and Sackett (2002) kSt qua lam vi~c la hanh vi se duqc ca
nhan kism soat do do khong bao g6m hanh vi bi ep bu9c bai moi trnang.
wetzels et
al (2000) m6 ta kSt qua lam vi~c nhu la muc d<) rna nguoi lao d<)ng thl,l'c hi~n nhi~m
12
Vl,l va tnich nhi~m. Rotundo va Sackett (2002) m6 ta kSt qua thl,l'c hi~n c6ng vi~c
bao g6m s6 luQllg va chit luQllg cong vi~c, ky nang lam vi~c va kiSn thuc chuyen
m6n.
Sontnentag va Frese (2002) thi kSt qua lam vi~c chinh la m1,1c tieu cua hanh
vi. Befort and Hattrup (2003) chi ra r~ng ban chit cua kSt qua trong c6ng vi~c ph1,1
thu(>c vao yeu du cua c6ng vi~c, ml,IC tieu va Slr m~ng cua t6 chuc. Theo (Maria D,
2005) cho r~ng kSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien d~t nang suit cao lien quan dSn hai
khia qmh do la ky nang CUa ca nhan va Sl,l' h6 trQ' CUa cac d6ng nghi~p trong t6 chtrc.
Theo Borman va Motowidlo (1993), khia c~nh hanh vi cua kSt qua lam vi~c
bao g6m: kSt qua hanh vi thl,l'c hi~n tnich nhi~m (task peiformance behavorial) ,
hanh vi hfru ich (valuable behavor) dong gop cho ho~t d(>ng chuyen m6n cua t6
chuc/dl,l' an, va hanh vi thl,l'c
hi~n
theo hoan canh (contextual peiformance
behaviors). Nhfrng hanh vi nay giup duy tri va nang cao ySu t6 tam ly, m6i tmang
xa h(>i cua t6 chuc. KSt qua lam vi~c nen t~p trung xem xet vS mi;it hanh vi hon la vS
khia c~nh kSt qua, hoi vi vi~c t~p trung vao kSt qua co thS khiSn nguai lao d(>ng tim
each dS nhi t deS d~t duQ'c kSt qua mong mu6n, diSu nay co thS gay bit lQ'i cho t6
chuc hoi vi nhfrng hanh vi quan trQng khac kh6ng duQ'c quan tam.
Co thS thiy kh6i luQTig, chi t luQTig va muc d9 hoan thanh chi tieu c6ng vi~c
dUQ'C giao la nhfrng ti eu chi rit quan trQng deS danh gia hi~u qua lam vi~c cua nhan
vien. Tuy nhien, nhiSu nhan vien kh6ng tin r~ng danh gia hi~u qua c6ng vi~c phan
anh chinh xac kSt qua c6ng vi~c cua hQ. Cac t6 chuc thl,l'c hi~n do luang kSt qua
cong
vi~c
Vi nhfrng ml,IC dich nhu nang cao
hi~u
qua lam
vi~c
trong tuong lai nen
dn xem xet muc luang, thu&ng; xac dinh nhung uu dicbm va khuyst dicbm trong
c6ng vi~c cua ca nhan deS xay dl,l'ng chuang trinh dao t~o c~n thiSt, phu hQ'p. D6ng
thai phat hi~n nhung kha nang tism tang cua rung ca nhan deb dinh huang cho m6i
ca nhan co thcb phat tricbn va t~o ca h9i thang tisn cho hQ.
Tom ·~i, sau khi nghien ClrU cac khai ni~m tren, tac gia rut ra khai ni~m kSt
qua lam
Vi~c
la
vi~c
nguai lao d(>ng hoan thanh nhfrng nhi~m Vl,l dUQ'C giao va dUQ'C
13
do luang d\fa tren nhung tieu chufin quy dinh ban d:iu vs muc d9 chinh xac, muc d9
hoim thanh, chi phi va t6c dQ th\}'C hi~n nh~m d~t dUQ'C illl,lC tieu CUa tf> chtrc.
2.4. Cac nghien cU'U tru&c v~ m6i tuong quan gifra chih lu
cong vi~c va k~t qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien
Cho dSn hi~n nay nhiSu nghien cuu da duqc tiSn hanh nghien cuu vS m6i
quan h~ gifra chfit luqng CUQC s6ng nai lam vi~c va kSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien.
Va kSt qua hftu hSt cac nghien cuu dSu cho r~ng gifra chfit luqng cu<)c s6ng c6ng
vi~c va kst qua lam vi~c cua nhan vi en co m6i tuang quan
y nghia.
Trong nghien ClrU cua Hoonaker va Korunka (2008), chfit luqng CUQC s6ng
c6ng vi~c thuang duqc su dl,lng trong cac nghien ClrU dS m6 ta S\f tac d<)ng cua cac
ySu t6 len kSt qua lam vi~c. Chfit luqng cu<)c s6ng c6ng vi~c, trong d6 c6 hai ySu t6
la S\1' thoa man voi c6ng vi~c va S\1' ki~t qu~ vS cam xuc tac d<)ng m~nh me nhfit dSn
kSt qua lam vi~c.
Nghien ClrU cua Manouchehr va cac c<)ng S\1' (20 12) ciing su dl,mg thang do
Walton cho biSn QWL va ra d\fQ'c kSt qua c6 m6i quan h~ dang tin c~y va cling
chiSu gifra QWL va kSt qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien. Va tfit ca nhfrng biSn thanh
phftn cua QWL dSu co anh huang m~nh dSn kSt qua lam vi~c va la ySu t6 lam nang
cao kSt qua lam vi~c.
Mohammed J Almalki, Gerry FitzGerald va Michele Clark (20 12) cho r~ng
chfit luqng cu<)c s6ng c6ng vi~c g6m cac khia c~nh nhu S\1' thoa man trong c6ng
vi~c, thai gian lam vi~c, kh6i luqng c6ng vi~c, co h<)i phat triSn nghS nghi~p, m6i
trnang lam vi~c, quan h~ voi d6ng nghi~p ... tac d<)ng m~nh me len kSt qua lam vi~c
cua nhan vi en trong nganh y tS t~i Saudi Arabia.
Gftn day nhfit c6 nghien ClrU cua Rathamani va Ramesshwari (20 13) cho ra
kSt lu~n QWL c6 anh huang quan trQng dSn kSt qua lam vi~c nhan vien. Khi nhan
vien c6 duqc QWL t6t thi se san xufit ra nhiSu san phfim, ca chfit luqng san phfim
lam ra ciing duqc nang cao. Trong nghien cuu c6 44% nhan vien tra lai r~ng nha
vao vi~c nang cao QWL rna nang sufit lam vi~c cua hQ duqc nang cao, 36% nhan
14
vien cho thfiy tinh thfin lam vi~c cua hQ t6t han, 20% nhan vien tang sv g~n kst vai
t6 chuc va c6ng vi~c.
T~i Vi~t Nam, kSt qua nghien cuu cua NguySn Dinh ThQ va NguySn Thi Mai
Trang (2011) cling ling h9 cho kSt lu~n c6 m6i quan h~ tich eve gifra QWL dSn kSt
qua lam vi~c cua nhan vien. Theo kSt qua cua nghien cuu kS tren, m<)t t6 chuc thiSt
H;ip duQ'c m<)t h~ th6ng quan tri nhan
sv nh~m nang cao QWL thi
se nh~n duQ'c lQ'i
ich nhiSu han thong qua kSt qua lam vi~c t6t han cua nhan vien. B~ng each vua chu
trQng dsn chs d9 luang thuang va thang ti6n vua t~o ra m9t moi tru
dap ung l~i nhu dtu cfin thiSt cua nhan vi en, bao g6m vi~c thoa man nhu cfiu vs kiSn
thuc, nhu cfiu ca nhan cua hQ se lam cho
CUQC
s6ng cua hQ them y nghia. Chinh vi
v~y, se t~o d<)ng lvc cho cac nhan vien thvc hi~n t6t c6ng vi~c cua minh.
Nghien cuu cua Di~p NguySn Anh Uyen (20 13) "Anh huang chfit luQ'llg
CUQC
s6ng nai lam vi~c dSn kSt qua lam vi~c ca nhan t~i cac doanh nghi~p tren dia
ban TP.HCM". KSt qua nghien cuu cho thfiy c6 7 thanh phfin chfit luQ'ng cu<)c s6ng
nai lam vi~c anh huang duang dSn kSt qua lam vi~c la h~ th6ng luang thuang c6ng
b~ng va hQ'p ly, cac quy dinh vs su d\mg lao d9ng, phat tri6n nang lvc nhan lvc, h6
trQ' quysn lQ'i ca nhan va tv hao cong vi~c, sv hoa nh~p trong t6 chuc, nhu cfiu
tv
trQng, can b~ng cong vi~c va CUQC s6ng.
Nghien cuu cua NguySn Thi Di~u Huang (20 13) "Anh huang cua chfit luQ'llg
CUQC
s6ng c6ng vi~c dSn
sv hai long va kSt qua c6ng vi~c:
nghien cuu d6i vai nhan
vien ngan hang t~i TP.HCM". KSt qua cho thfiy c6 3 nhan t6 anh huang duang dSn
sv thoa man cong vi~c va kSt qua cong vi~c la sv thoa man t6n t~i, sv thoa man nhu
cfiu quan h~, sv thoa man nhu cfiu kiSn thuc.
2.5. Mo hinh nghien cll'U va cac ghi thuy~t
Dva tren d?_ic diSm ngan hang la m<)t nganh dich V\l nen tac gia su dl,lng thang
do chfit luQ'llg
CUQC
s6ng c6ng vi~c cua Walton (1974) vai 8 thanh phfin trong
nghien cuu nay: ( 1) Luang thuang thoa dang, c6ng b~ng; (2) DiSu ki~n lam vi~c an
toan va dam bao sue khoe; (3) Phat triSn nang lvc ca nhan; (4) Ca h<)i phat triSn
nghS nghi~p va dam bao c6ng vi~c; (5) Sv hoa nh~p trong t6 chuc; (6) Tuan thu cac