FOCUS ON EARTH SCIENCE (3)

Credits
Magnification Key: Magnifications listed are the magnifications
at which images were originally photographed.
LM–Light Microscope
SEM–Scanning Electron Microscope
TEM–Transmission Electron Microscope
Acknowledgments: Glencoe would like to acknowledge
the artists and agencies who participated in illustrating this
program: Argosy Publishing; Articulate Graphics; Craig Attebery
represented by Frank and Jeff Lavaty; Emily Damstra; Gary
Hincks; Precision Graphics; Michael Rothman; Zoobotanica.

Photo Credits

Credits

List of Abbreviations:
AA=Animals Animals; CBS=Carolina Biological Supply;
CB=Corbis-Bettmann; CP=Color-Pic; CMSP=Custom Medical
Stock Photo; DRK=DRK Photo; ES=Earth Scenes; FPG=FPG
International; GH=Grant Heilman Photography; LI=Liaison
International; MP=Minden Pictures; OSF=Oxford Scientific Films;
PA=Peter Arnold, Inc.; PR=Photo Researchers; PT=Phototake,
NYC; SPL=Science Photo Library; SS=Science Source; TSM=The
Stock Market; TSA=Tom Stack & Associates; TSI=Tony Stone
Images; VU=Visuals Unlimited
Cover Roger Ressmeyer/CORBIS; vii Aqua Image/Alamy
Images; viii Digital Instruments/Veeco/Photo Researchers; ix
Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers; x European Space
Agency/Photo Researchers; xi Marshall Space Flight Center/
NASA; xii Michael Dunning/Photo Researchers; xv Laura

Sifferlin; xix CORBIS; 2 (t) Getty Images, (c) Jim Olive/Peter
Arnold, Inc., (b) Getty Images; 4 (t) Science VU/USGS/Visuals
Unlimited, (c) CORBIS, (b) Lawrence Migdale/SPL/Photo
Researchers; 7 (t) Matt Meadows, (b) Amos Morgan/Getty
Images; 8 (t) Steve Cole/Getty Images, (b) Andrew Lambert
Photography/Photo Researchers; 9 Matt Meadows; 10 Horizons
Companies; 11 Matt Meadows; 12 Horizons Companies;
13 (t) Comstock Images/Alamy Images, (b) Hemera
Technologies/Alamy Images; 18 Matt Meadows; 21 (t) Fabrizio
Cacciatore/Index Stock Imagery, (b) Michael Newman/
PhotoEdit; 28 Chuck Savage/CORBIS; 31 32 Matt Meadows;
34 Kevin Schafer/CORBIS; 36 Stephen Street/Alamy Images;
38 (t) Peter Szekely/Alamy Images, (b) Martin Bond/Photo
Researchers; 41 Visions of America, LLC/Alamy Images; 42 Joel
W. Rogers/CORBIS; 42–43 (bkgd) Keith Lawson/Bettmann/
CORBIS; 43 (t) Bettmann/CORBIS, (b) Keith Kent/Photo
Researchers; 44 Mike Chew/CORBIS; 45 Matt Meadows;
48 Aerial Photos of New Jersey; 49 Matt Meadows; 50 Stephen
R. Wagner; 63 Matt Meadows; 65 Gray Hardel/CORBIS;
68 Michael Dunning/Photo Researchers; 70 (t) Robert Holmes/
CORBIS, (b) Adam Pretty/Getty Images; 71 (t) Eyecon Images/
Alamy Images, (b) H. Armstrong Roberts; 74 Matt Meadows;
76 (t) George Steinmetz/CORBIS, (b) CORBIS; 77 (t) CORBIS,
(b) Zuma/CORBIS; 84 Bobby Modell/National Geographic/Getty
Images; 85 Horizons Companies; 88 (l) Altrendo Images/Getty
Images, (r) Michael Newman/PhotoEdit; 89 (t) Joe McBride/
CORBIS, (bl) Ed Bock/CORBIS, (br) E Braverman/Taxi/Getty
Images; 90 91 Bob Daemmrich; 92 (t) David Young-Wolff/
PhotoEdit, (b) Keith Kent/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 93 TRL Ltd./Photo
Researchers; 95 Matt Meadows; 96 Doug Menuez/Getty

708 Credits

Images; 98 NASA; 99 Horizons Companies; 100 (t) Horizons
Companies, (b) Rhoda Sidney/Stock Boston/PictureQuest;
101 (t) Stockbyte, (b) CORBIS; 102 (l) Matt Meadows, (r) Lili K./
Zefa/CORBIS; 103 Matt Meadows; 105 Horizons Companies;
107 (l) Tim Garcha/CORBIS, (r) Myrleen Cate/PhotoEdit;
111 Matt Meadows; 112 (t) Richard Hutchings, (b) Stephen
Simpson/Getty Images; 113 Scott Cunningham; 114 (l) Denis
Boulanger/Allsport, (r) Icon SMI/CORBIS, (b) Tony Freeman/
PhotoEdit/PictureQuest; 117 Matt Meadows; 119 (t) James KingHolmes/Photo Researchers, (b) Chris Simon; 120 (t) Bettmann/
CORBIS, (b) Larry Lee Photography/CORBIS; 126 Craig Aurness/
CORBIS; 127 Horizons Companies; 130 (l) Horizons Companies,
(r) Matt Meadows; 132 Laura Sifferlin; 134 136 Horizons
Companies; 140 Peter Poby/CORBIS; 141 David Young-Wolff/
PhotoEdit; 143 (t) Horizons Companies, (b) Matt Meadows;
144 Stephen Frink/Zefa/CORBIS; 145 (t) Bobby Model/National
Geographic Image Collection, (cl) Richard Nowitz/National
Geographic Image Collection, (cr) George Grall/National
Geographic Image Collection, (bl) Ralph White/CORBIS,
(br) CORBIS, (bkgd) Janet Dell Russell Johnson; 146 (t) Richard
Bickel/CORBIS, (b) Aqua Image/Alamy Images; 148 Richard
Bickel/CORBIS; 149 150 Horizons Companies; 151 Ryan
McVay/Getty Images; 153 (t) Matt Meadows, (b) CORBIS;
155 156 157 Horizons Companies; 158 (t) CORBIS, (b) Tom
Pantages; 159 (t) Ralph A. Clevenger/CORBIS, (b) Mark S.
Wexler/Getty Images; 162 Horizons Companies; 164 Mark
Burnett; 165 Vince Streano/Getty Images; 166 (tl bl) StudiOhio,
(tr) Eclipse Studios, (br) Doug Martin; 168 Bettmann/CORBIS;

168–169 (bkgd) Ian M. Butterfield/Alamy Images; 169 (t) Susan
Ragan/AP/Wide World Photos, (b) CORBIS; 170 ArSciMd/
Photo Researchers; 171 Horizons Companies; 174 Digital
Instruments/Veeco/Photo Researchers; 176 Horizons
Companies; 177 (l) Tek Image/Photo Researchers, (r) AP Photo/
NASA; 181 186 Horizons Companies; 187 Andrew Lambert
Photography/Photo Researchers; 189 Douglas Mesney/CORBIS;
193 Laguna Design/SPL/Photo Researchers; 195 (tl) David Lees/
CORBIS, (tr) Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers, (b) Andrew
Lambert Photography/Photo Researchers; 199 (tl) Lester
Lefkowitz/CORBIS, (tr) Look GMBH/eStock Photo, (bl) David
Parker/SPL/Photo Researchers, (br) Roger Ressmeyer/CORBIS;
204 205 Horizons Companies; 206 (t) Segre Collection/AIP/
Photo Researchers, (b) Yann Arthus-Bertrand/Photo Researchers;
207 (t) Dale O’Dell/Omni-Photo Communications, (b) CORBIS;
214 Alfred Pasieka/Photo Researchers; 215 Horizons
Companies; 218 (tl) Barry Runk/Grant Heilman Photography,
(tcl) Fotopic/Omni-Photo Communications, (tcr) Index Stock
Imagery, (tr) David Parket/Omni-Photo Communications,
(bl) Sinclair Stammers/Photo Researchers, (br) Arnold Fisher/
Photo Researchers; 221 227 Matt Meadows; 230 (tl) Creatas/
Picture Quest, (r) Tony Freeman/PhotoEdit, (bl) David Wrobel/
Visuals Unlimited; 231 Ken Lucas/Visuals Unlimited; 232 (tl) A.
& F. Michler/Peter Arnold, Inc., (bl bc) Paul Silverman/
Fundamental Photographs, (br) Roberto De Gugliemo/
Photo Researchers; 233 Arnold Fisher/Photo Researchers;
234 (tl) Albert J. Copley/Visuals Unlimited, (tc tr) Kenneth
Libbrecht/Caltech, (bl) Arnold Fisher/Photo Researchers,
(br) file photo; 235 Matt Meadows; 240 241 Horizons
Companies; 242 (t) Robin Laurance/Photo Researchers,

(b) IFA Bilderteam/eStock Photo; 243 (t) Dr. Tim Evans/Photo
Researchers, (b) Anna Clopet/CORBIS; 250 Fabrik Studios/Index
Stock Imagery; 251 Matt Meadows; 254 Cimbal/StockFood


Credits
Meadows, (b) Barry Runk/Grant Heilman Photography;
390 (t) Joshua D. Matz/Grant Heilman Photography, (b) Matt
Meadows; 391 Stephen Frisch/Stock Boston; 393 394 Horizons
Companies; 395 (t) Charles D. Winters/SPL/Photo Researchers,
(b) Andrew Lambert Photography/SPL/Photo Researchers;
397 (l) Joe Sohm/Chromosohm/Stock Connection/PictureQuest,
(c) Andrew Popper/PhotoTake NYC/PictureQuest, (r) Karlene
and Lowell Schwartz; 398 Matt Meadows; 399 Alex Fradkin/
Images.com; 401 (l) Paul Springett/Alamy Images, (cl) OmniPhoto Communications, (cr) Andrew Lambert Photography/
SPL/Photo Researchers, (r) Omni-Photo Communications;
402 Stephen R. Swinburne/Stock Boston; 403 Michael
Newman/PhotoEdit; 404 (t) L. S. Stepanowicz/Visuals Unlimited,
(b) Tony Freeman/PhotoEdit; 408 409 Horizons Companies;
410 (t) Phil Schermeister/Peter Arnold, Inc., (b) Andrew Popper/
PhotoTake NYC/PictureQuest; 411 (t) Lawrence Berkley
National Laboratory/SPL/Photo Researchers, (b) Aaron Haupt;
416 Stephen W. Frisch/Stock Boston; 418 Bob Bennett/Index
Stock Imagery; 419 Horizons Companies; 422 Matt Meadows;
425 (t) Antonia Reeve/Photo Researchers, (b) Matt Meadows;
428 William Ervin/SPL/Photo Researchers; 429 (tl) F. Schussler/
PhotoLink/Getty Images, (tr) CORBIS, (bl) Photo Library
International/SPL/Photo Researchers, (br) Eising
FoodPhotography/Stockfood America; 432 (l) David R.
Frazier/Alamy Images, (r) Felicia Martinez/PhotoEdit; 433 Aaron

Haupt; 434 Horizons Companies; 438 (l) Pascal Goetgheluck/
SPL/Photo Researchers, (r) Lawrence M. Sawyer/Getty Images;
440 (tl) Getty Images, (tr) CORBIS, (b) Jeff Greenberg/OmniPhoto Communications; 444 445 Matt Meadows; 446 (t) John
Beatty/Photo Researchers, (b) Markus Matzel/Peter Arnold, Inc.;
447 (t) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
(b) Maximillion Stock Ltd/SPL/Photo Researchers;
454 (t br) StudiOhio, (bl) Doug Martin; 456 National Oceanic &
Atmospheric Administration; 456–457 458 Cornell/JPL-Caltech/
NASA; 459 464 Horizons Companies; 473 NASA/CORBIS;
474 Lick Observatory; 475 (t) Dennis di Cicco/CORBIS,
(b) Roger Ressmeyer/CORBIS; 475 Goddard Space Flight
Center/NASA; 477 Horizons Companies; 479 (t) JPL/TSADO/
NASA/Tom Stack & Associates, (b) NASA/Science Source/Photo
Researchers; 480 (tl) Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA,
(tr) JPL/NASA, (b) MSSS/JPL/NASA; 481 Cornell/JPL/NASA;
482 (t) NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, (c) CORBIS,
(bl) JPL/NASA, (bcl) CORBIS, (bcr) University of Arizona/LPL/
JPL/NASA, (br) German Aerospace Center/JPL/NASA;
483 (t) Space Science Institute/JPL/NASA, (b) JPL/NASA;
484 (t) California Association For Research In Astronomy/SPL/
Photo Researchers, (b) JPL/NASA; 485 (l) CORBIS, (r) Horizons
Companies; 486 (t) JPL/NASA/TSADO/Tom Stack & Associates,
(tc) NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, (bc) Goddard
Space Flight Center/NASA, (b) MSSS/JPL/NASA; 487 (t) NASA/
Science Source/Photo Researchers, (tc) Space Science Institute/
JPL/NASA, (c) California Association For Research In
Astronomy/SPL/Photo Researchers, (bc) JPL/NASA, (b) Alan
Stern, Southwest Research Institute/Marc Buie, Lowell
Observatory/ESA/NASA; 490 JPL/UMD/NASA; 492 (t) Pekka
Parviainen/SPL/Photo Researchers, (c) Matt Meadows, (b) D.

Parker/Photo Researchers; 494 495 Horizons Companies;
496 (t) CXC/MSFC/NASA, (b) JPL/NASA; 497 (t) Gustavo
Tomsich/CORBIS, (b) Erich Schrempp/Photo Researchers; 503
D. Parker/Photo Researchers; 504 Roger Ressmeyer/CORBIS;
505 Jim Ballard/Getty Images; 512 Louis Moses/Zefa/CORBIS;

Credits 709

Credits

Munich/Stockfood America; 255 (l) CORBIS, (r) Horizons
Companies; 256 Blend Images/Alamy Images; 257 (l c r) Matt
Meadows, (b) FoodCollection/Index Stock Imagery;
258 (t) Andrew Lambert Photography/Photo Researchers,
(b) Davies & Starr/Getty Images; 259 (t) Blend Images/Alamy
Images, (c) FoodCollection/Index Stock Imagery, (b) Davies &
Starr/Getty Images; 261 Comstock Images/Jupiter Images;
262 Sybil Sassoon/Robert Harding Picture Library; 264 Jan
Halaska/Photo Researchers; 266 Horizons Companies;
267 Martin Dohrn/SPL/Photo Researchers; 268 (t) LLC
FogStock/Index Stock Imagery, (b) Horizons Companies;
269 (t) CORBIS, (bl) ImageState, (br) Tom Mareschal/Getty
Images; 270 Dave King/DK Images; 272 (t) Charles D.
Winters/Photo Researchers, (b) Robert W. Ginn/PhotoEdit;
276 277 Horizons Companies; 278 (t) Geoffrey Wheeler/
Submission from National Institute of Standards and Technology,
(b) JPL/NASA; 279 (t) SPL/Photo Researchers, (b) CORBIS;
286 Joseph Sohm/CORBIS; 287 Horizons Companies;
295 (t) Mark Harmel/Photo Researchers, (b) David Parket/
Omni-Photo Communications; 296 Bruna Stude/Omni-Photo

Communications; 297 (l) SPL/Photo Researchers, (r) Bernard
Photo Productions/Animals Animals; 298 Lawrence Migdale/
Photo Researchers; 300 Laura Sifferlin; 303 Vince Michaels/
Getty Images; 305 AP/Wide World Photos; 306 Navy
NewsStand/General Dynamics Electric Boat; 307 (l) SPL/
Photo Researchers, (r) Hank Morgan/Science Source/Photo
Researchers; 308 (l) David Parker/Photo Researchers, (r) Ted
Streshinsky/CORBIS; 309 Susan Ragan/AP/Wide World
Photos; 312 Laura Sifferlin; 313 Horizons Companies;
317 (t) Horizons Companies, (b) Yoav Levy/PhotoTake NYC;
319 320 321 Horizons Companies; 322 (t) Dennis Marsico/
CORBIS, (b) Koichi Kamoshida/Getty Images; 323 (t) Arthur S.
Aubry/Getty Images, (b) Kul Bhatia/Zefa/CORBIS;
330 StudiOhio; 332 (l) Documentary Educational Resources,
(r) Mansell Collection/TimePix; 332–333 (bkgd) Michael W.
Davidson/Photo Researchers; 333 Tom Hollyman/Photo
Researchers; 334 Chuck Carlton/Index Stock Imagery; 335 Matt
Meadows; 338 Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs;
339 Matt Meadows; 340 Laura Sifferlin; 341 (l) Horizons
Companies, (r) Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers;
342 (t bl br) Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers,
(bc) Element Photo/Stock Food; 343 Tom Pantages;
347 (l) Michael Holford, (r) file photo; 349 Alamy Images;
355 Laura Sifferlin; 358 (l) John Foxx/ImageState, (r) Gene
Blevins/Los Angeles Daily News/CORBIS; 359 (l) Tony Freeman/
PhotoEdit, (r) Grant Heilman Photography; 361 (t) Link/Visuals
Unlimited, (c) Inga Spence/Visuals Unlimited, (b) Atsushi
Tsukada/AP/Wide World Photo; 362 Omni-Photo
Communications; 366 367 Horizons Companies;
368 (t) Reuters/CORBIS, (b) Eric Kroll/Omni-Photo

Communications; 369 (t) SPL/Photo Researchers, (b) The Flight
Collection/Alamy Images; 372 374 Charles D. Winters/Photo
Researchers; 376 Scott T. Smith/CORBIS; 377 Matt Meadows;
380 Esbin/Anderson/Omni-Photo Communications;
381 (tl) Mark Burnett, (tr) Mark Steinmetz, (cl) Don Mason/
CORBIS, (cr) Timothy Fuller, (bl) Element Photo/Stock Food,
(br) Kenneth Mengay/Liaison Agency; 382 Robert Folz/Visuals
Unlimited; 384 (t) CORBIS, (tc) Runk/Schoenberger/Grant
Heilman Photography, (c) Grant Heilman Photography,
(bc) Joy Skipper/Stock Food America, (b) Icon Images; 385 Bill
Pugliano/Getty Images; 386 Matt Meadows; 388 (t) Matt


Credits

Credits

513 Horizons Companies; 514 John Chumack/Photo
Researchers; 519 FORS Team/NASA; 520 (l) NASA, (r) C.R.
O’Dell/Rice University/NASA; 521 NASA; 525 Jeff Hester &
Paul Scowen/ASU/Photo Researchers; 528 (l) Marshall Space
Flight Center/NASA, (r) John Chumack/Photo Researchers;
529 The Hubble Heritage Team/NASA; 530 (l) NOAO/Photo
Researchers, (r) ESA/The Hubble Heritage Team/NASA;
531 Jason T. Ware/Photo Researchers; 532 (t) Celestial Image
Co./Photo Researchers, (b) Roger Ressmeyer/NASA/CORBIS;
536 (t) Matt Meadows, (b) Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA;

710 Credits

537 (t) MPIA-HD/Slawik Birkle/Photo Researchers, (b) ESA/
The Hubble Heritage Team/JPL/ NOAO/NASA; 538 (t) The
Scotsman/CORBIS, (b) JPL-Caltech/NASA; 539 (t) NASA Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, (b) European Space Agency/Photo
Researchers; 542 The Hubble Heritage Team/NASA;
546 (t) Doug Martin (b) StudiOhio; 570 Ted Horowitz/Corbis;
573 KS Studios; 574 Matt Meadows; 575 (l) Brad Armstrong/
AP/Wide World Photos, (r) file photo; 577 Kimberly James;
594 Comstock Images.