Không gian văn hóa huế với sự hình thành nhân cách hồ chí minh (tt)

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS

NGUYEN VAN QUANG

HUE CULTURAL SPACE WITH
THE FORMATION OF HO CHI MINH’S PERSONALITY

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS
FIELD OF STUDY: HO CHI MINH STUDIES
Code: 62 31 02 04

HA NOI - 2017


The thesis was completed at
Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics

Supervisors:

1. Assoc. Prof., Dr. Pham Hong Chuong
2. Dr. Ly Viet Quang

Review 1:

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Review 2:

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Review 3:

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The thesis shall be defended in front of the Thesis Committee
at Academy Level at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
At ...... hour ...... date ...... month ...... year 20....

The thesis can be found at: The National Library and
Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics


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INTRODUCTION
1. The necessity of the thesis
Ho Chi Minh President is the hero of national liberation, the outstanding
cultural celebrity of Vietnam. He has a beautiful personality and has left a deep
impression in the flow of human history, contributing to the enrichment and
development of the common values of humankind. Therefore, researching the
personality of Ho Chi Minh will help to clarify the unique values of Ho Chi Minh.
Ho Chi Minh’s personality, which was shaped and developed from the
multi-dimensional influences of the economic, historical, cultural, social and
human conditions of the places where he lived and worked expressed through
the thoughts and actions of Ho Chi Minh. Especially, cultural space was also
one of the factors that had a deep influence on the formation and development
of Ho Chi Minh’s personality, Hue has a particularly important place.
In Hue imperial capital, the economic, political, cultural and social
changes strongly affected to Ho Chi Minh. With the sensitivity of the intelligent

learner and the desire to learn, to acquire new knowledge, Ho Chi Minh soon
recognized the values of Hue culture, the cultural quintessence of the nation and
humanity. From then on, Ho Chi Minh took a more mature step in thinking and
acting, directly participating in the Duy Tan movement, fighting against the
Thua Thien Hue people.
The time of living in Hue combined with the culture of Nghe An has
penetrated and deeply influenced Ho Chi Minh's perception, action and
personality. As Pham Van Dong said: “Time in Hue was the time that Nguyen
Tat Thanh grew up and started school. Those years were extremely important to
the formation of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh, the time of forming a strange
man, with strange ideas, resulting in strange achievements”. However, so far
there have not been many studies and commentaries on the influence of Hue
Cultural Space on the formation and development of Ho Chi Minh’s
personality. Therefore, researching the subject of Hue Cultural Space with the
formation of Ho Chi Minh’s personality to realize how Hue culture greatly
influenced the formation of Ho Chi Minh’s personality. At the same time,


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contributing to the clarification of the life, the revolutionary, the thought and
personality of the great man - Ho Chi Minh.
2. Research purposes and tasks
2.1. Research purposes
The thesis studies and clarifies the effects of Hue Cultural Space on the
formation and development of Ho Chi Minh ideology; on that basis, analyzing
the manifestations of Ho Chi Minh's personality from the influence of the Hue
Cultural Space, thus drawing the meaning of the research problem for the
development of Ho Chi Minh’s personality Vietnamese today.
2.2. Research tasks
Clarifying the concept and structure of personality and Ho Chi Minh’s

personality; concept, structure of Hue Cultural Space; analyzing the factors of
Hue Cultural Space that influenced the formation and development of Ho Chi
Minh's personality; analyzing the manifestations of Ho Chi Minh's personality
from the influence of the Hue Cultural Space; drew some remarks on the
influence of Hue Cultural Space on the formation of Ho Chi Minh's personality
and the significance of the research problem for the development of Ho Chi
Minh's personality.
3. Subjects and scope of research
3.1. Research subjects
The influence of Hue Cultural Space on the formation of Ho Chi Minh's
personality and the manifestations of Ho Chi Minh's personality from the
influence of the Hue Cultural Space.
3.2. Research scope
- Content: The thesis focuses on the influence of Hue Cultural Space on
the formation of Ho Chi Minh's personality and the manifestations of Ho Chi
Minh's personality from the influence of the Hue Cultural Space. However, the
thesis only deals with the following aspects: Firstly, clarifying the basic
elements of Hue Cultural Space that influences the formation and development
of Ho Chi Minh's personality; Secondly, clarifying the manifestations of Ho Chi
Minh's personality during his time in Hue, under the influence of the Hue
Cultural Space.


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- Space: Thua Thien Hue in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
- Time: The thesis studies Hue Cultural Space in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries, associated with the time Ho Chi Minh lived, studied and
worked in Hue before going out to find a way to save the country.
4. Theoretical basis and research methodology
4.1. Theoretical basis

Theoretical basis of the thesis is the view of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi
Minh's ideology; the guiding view of the Communist Party of Vietnam in the
study of Ho Chi Minh's life and history and culture.
4.2. Methodology
Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are the methodology of
research and implementation of theses.
4.3. Specific research methods
- Research on the influence of Hue Cultural Space on the formation of Ho
Chi Minh’s personality is carried out on the basis of the approach of
interdisciplinary sciences; on the basis of Marxist-Leninist ideas, Ho Chi Minh's
ideology, guidelines, policies and policies of the Communist Party in Vietnam.
- Interdisciplinary approach to history, historical science as a background,
Ho Chi Minh as the main axis, cultural studies, anthropology as a research,
analysis and argument. Historical, cultural and anthropological sciences focus on
issues related to culture, values, human personality. The psychology of science,
education, sociology, human studies clarify issues related to human personality,
the influence of life on the formation and development of human personality.
- In addition to the above theoretical and methodological basis, the author
also uses methods such as analysis, syndissertation, history, logic, inductive,
interpretation, statistics, comparison, fieldwork, literature study, exchange with
experts, etc. to search and analyze the research results available to describe and
generalize the panorama on the topic of research from different angles.
5. New contributions to the science of the subject
- Clarify the influences of the Hue Cultural Space on the formation of Ho
Chi Minh.
- Based on the study of the influence of Hue Cultural Space on the
formation of Ho Chi Minh's personality, the thesis contributes to clarify the


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manifestations of Ho Chi Minh's personality from the influence of the elements
in Hue culture, associated with the period of Ho Chi Minh’s living and studying
in Hue.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis
6.1. Theoretical significance
The results of the thesis contribute to further clarify the life and origin of Ho
Chi Minh's ideology and personality; clarify the influence of the Hue Cultural
Space on the formation of Ho Chi Minh's personality and the expressions of Ho
Chi Minh's personality from the influence of Hue Cultural Space; draw some
remarks and implications of the research problem for the development of
personality Ho Chi Minh today.
6.2. Practical significance
The thesis can be used as a reference, propaganda, study, research and
teaching of Ho Chi Minh’s ideology and personality in the locality; is a scientific
basis for studying Ho Chi Minh’s personality, studying the effects of cultural
spaces to Ho Chi Minh, as well as a source of information for the education of
personality of students; developing local historical education materials, orienting
to educate and train the personality of students in colleges, universities, education
in the family, school and society nowadays.
7. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of published works of the
author related to thesis topic and reference list, the content of thesis consists of 4
chapters, 8 periods.


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Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF STUDY RELATED TO THE THESIS
1.1. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATIONS ON THE THESIS

1.1.1. Studies of Hue Cultural Space
1.1.1.1. Overseas studies
Some typical studies: Hue Friends Association (Association des Amis du
Vieux Hué - Bulletin des Amis du Vieux Hué); The Bulletin des Amis du Vieux
Hué research works are very productive. However, they do not go directly to study
on “Hue Cultural Space”, but study the smaller issues of Hue culture.
1.1.1.2. National studies
Some typical works: Thua Thien Hue geography; 700 years of Thuan Hoa Phu Xuan - Hue; Hue Cultural Overview; Hue Voice - Hue people & Hue culture;
Hue ancient culture; Hue - Nguyen Dynasty. A look; Feelings about Hue culture;
Sub-cultural area of Hue; Hue culture in the flow of Vietnamese culture; Some
meanings about the nature of Hue culture; Outline of the development of Phu
Xuan culture - Hoa Chau period; Ethnic culture identity through Hue nuance...
Although the above mentioned works access to Hue Cultural Space in different
aspects, limited of these works are not analyzed Hue Cultural Space, as well as a
system of traditional cultural typical values of this land.
1.1.2. Studies of Ho Chi Minh’s personality
1.1.2.1. Overseas studies
Some typical works: Ho Chi Minh - A portrait; Ho Chi Minh a life; Ho Chi
Minh, A Political Biography; Why Vietnam?; Visiting a communist soldier
Nguyen Ai Quoc; Ho; President Ho Chi Minh through the feeling of a Korean; Ho
Chi Minh spirit in Latin America; Face à Ho Chi Minh (Face to Ho Chi Minh); A
lost peace... The works of foreign scholars access to some of the characteristics of
Ho Chi Minh's special qualities and abilities. However, up to now, there have been
no statistics on the works in foreign countries specialized research on Ho Chi
Minh’s personality.
1.1.2.2. National studies
Some typical works: Ho Chi Minh’s personality; Ho Chi Minh - The
formation of a great personality; Shining the personality of Ho Chi Minh; The
personality of Ho Chi Minh - Value and diffusion; Ho Chi Minh - The peak of
Humane - Intelligent - Bravery of Vietnam; Ho Chi Minh: A great personality;

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Studying and verifying documents and monuments of President Ho Chi Minh in the
period of 1890 - 1911; The personality of Ho Chi Minh - The essential values in the
value system of Vietnam... In general, the research on the personality of Ho Chi
Minh is very limited. Some of the works just refer to aspects of Ho Chi Minh's
qualities or abilities.
1.1.3. Studies of the effects of Hue Cultural Space on the personality of
Ho Chi Minh
1.1.3.1. Overseas studies
Up to now, no foreign scientific work has studied the influence of Hue
Cultural Space to the formation of Ho Chi Minh’s personality comprehensively
and deeply. Ho Chi Minh Comrade and Ho Chi Minh are just a few of the
influences of Hue's cultural space (mainly influenced by Hue's socio-political life)
to Ho Chi Minh in general.
1.1.3.2. National studies
Some typical works: Finding the vestiges of Uncle Ho's childhood in Hue;
The influence of the traditional cultural values of the nation on the formation of
Ho Chi Minh ideology; The resistance movement of farmers in Central Vietnam in
1908 and the participation of Nguyen Tat Thanh (President Ho Chi Minh) in Thua
Thien Hue; Ho Chi Minh - Biography chronicles, Volume 1 (1890-1929); Stories
about the life of President Ho Chi Minh; New Literature and its influence on
patriotic ideas in Vietnam in the first half of the 20th century; Under the roof of
the Quoc hoc School of 1906-1911... These works, although not directly explore
the effects of Hue Cultural Space to the formation and development of Ho Chi
Minh’s personality, stated periods in Hue, the influence of the economic, political,
cultural and social conditions of Hue, contributed to the decision to go to find a
way to save country of Ho Chi Minh.
1.2. THESIS’S INHERITANCE AND ORIENTATION OF PROJECT

IMPLEMENTATION

1.2.1. Thesis’s inheritance
The thesis inherits the different attitudes and approaches of culture in
general and Vietnamese culture in particular; inherits the concept, structure of
“Hue Cultural Space”; inherit the ideas on the effects of the economic, political,
cultural and social conditions of Hue and Ho Chi Minh; it also inherits the
research methods, approaches, views on the formation, development and
characteristic of Ho Chi Minh’s personality.


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1.2.2. The research problems for clarification
Due to the lack of comprehensive and in-depth research, it is necessary to
study the influence of Hue Cultural Space on the formation and development of
Ho Chi Minh's personality. Based on the purpose and research tasks of the thesis,
from the perspective of Ho Chi Minh specialization, the thesis finds that it is
necessary to study for clarification: Firstly, clarifying the concept, the structure,
the rules forming personality and clarifying the concept of Ho Chi Minh’s
personality; Secondly, clarifying the structure of Hue Cultural Space as well as
identifying and analyzing the key elements of Hue Cultural Space that influenced
the formation and development of Ho Chi Minh's personality; Thirdly, analyzing
the manifestations of Ho Chi Minh's personality from the influence of Hue
Cultural Space; Fourthly, commenting on the influence of Hue Cultural Space on
the formation and development of Ho Chi Minh’s personality, meanwhile drawing
the meaning of the research problem to develop Ho Chi Minh’s personality
nowadays.
Chapter 2
SOME INTRODUCTION ISSUES ON
HO CHI MINH’ PERSONALITY AND HUE CULTURAL SPACE

2.1. HO CHI MINH’S PERSONALITY

2.1.1. Concept, structure, rules of personality formation
Personality is the system of dignity and capacity of a human being formed
and developed in the interaction between human and nature and society, which
characterizes individually and expresses the qualities insides themselves.
On the structure of personality, depending on the concept of personality,
each researcher presents a different structure of personality. Ho Chi Minh
emphasized two important factors: virtue and talent in which virtue is the root of
man, the foundation of human personality.
Personality formation and development is a long-term process, which is the
result of the gradual accumulation of life experiences, knowledge, and infection in
the process of life and maturation. The formation and development of personality
is expressed as follows: Firstly, the personality is formed and developed in
association with the process of education, self education and human activities;
Secondly, the personality is shaped by the process of unification between the


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individual and the society, between the face of the creature and the social, between
objective conditions and subjective factors.
2.1.2. Ho Chi Minh’s personality
Ho Chi Minh’s personality is the cultural values of Ho Chi Minh, which is
crystallized from the tradition of family culture, homeland and country, from the
socio-political reality of the nation and the time; from the influence of Marxism Leninism, of progressive theories and ideas; from the example of progressive
political activists and cultural houses in the world; from education and selfeducation; from the quality and capacity of Ho Chi Minh people.
The personality of Ho Chi Minh is special qualities, abilities, attractive and
charismatic, manifested in his style and way of life. The personality of Ho Chi
Minh is a bright symbol of the quality and human capacity of Vietnam.
2.2. HUE CULTURAL SPACE

2.2.1. The definition of Hue Cultural Space
2.2.1.1. Culture
Marxist culturists argue that “culture is the totality of material and spiritual
values in the period of social-historical activity and typically represents the level
of achievement achieved in history of social development”. Ho Chi Minh thinks
that culture is all the material and spiritual values created by man; a motivation for
human survival; the purpose of human life; ethnic culture must be comprehensive
in all aspects, fields and lifestyle.
Culture is the totality of material and spiritual value, tradition and tastes,
created by human in the period of social-historical activity, in interaction and
adaptation between people and the environment, to assert the identity of each
country, nation, region and people.
2.2.1.2. Hue culture
Hue culture is a combination of material and spiritual values, traditions,
tastes and lifestyles. It's created by practical activities linked to the interactions
between people and the natural environment and the society in order to confirm
the identity of the hometown and citizen of Thuan Hoa - Phu Xuan - Hue.
2.2.1.3. Hue Cultural Space
Hue Cultural Space is a large cultural - ecological area, from Chau O,
ancient Chau Ly to area between the south of Quang Tri and the north of Quang
Nam, in which Hue plays a central role, with characteristics of cultural values,


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material and spiritual, accumulated in the process of human interaction with nature
and society.
2.2.2. The structure of Hue Cultural Space
2.2.2.1. Culture of Hue in term of Geography and Ecology
Historically and geographically, cultural space in Hue is quite large. In

1306, King Tran Anh Tong gave Princess Huyen Tran to King Chiem Jaya
Simhavarman III (Che Man) in order to exchange for Chau O and Chau Ly. In
1307, Chau O and Chau Ly were renamed to Chau Thuan and Chau Hoa. In
1636, Lord Nguyen Phuc Lan moved to Kim Long. It was the beginning of
urbanization in the history of the formation and development of Hue city. In
1687, Lord Nguyen Phuc Thai moved to Thuy Loi village, renamed it to Phu
Xuan and and developed Phu Xuan to a prosperous center of Dang Trong. Then,
Phu Xuan was the capital of Dai Viet under the Tay Son dynasty (1788-1801)
and the capital of Vietnam in nearly 150 years under the Nguyen dynasty (18021945). In 1822, Minh Mang renamed the cover land of the Hue Citadel to Thua
Thien, including Huong Tra, Quang Dien and Phu Vang. In 1898, King Thanh
Thai set up Hue town.
In term of natural conditions, Thua Thien Hue is divided to four ecological
zones: mountainous area, delta, lagoon and coastal sand dunes. The special
location with the diversity of terrain leads to Thua Thien Hue has many highlights
of nature. Besides that, the natural conditions also affect the mood and sensibility
of Hue citizen, forming the house garden in Hue, regulating the personality,
lifestyle and behavior of Hue people, as well as contribute a part of the unique
cultural space
2.2.2.2. Political culture of Hue
- Thua Thien Hue - the center of building and protecting the capital of
Vietnam. Since 1306, after the merger of O-Ly into our country and through
dynasties, Thua Thien Hue has been an important “border” of the country. Three
centuries after Thuan Hoa returned to Dai Viet, it was the front line between Dang
Trong and Dang Ngoai. In 1738, Nguyen Phuc Khoat managed Phu Xuan,
creating favorable conditions for Hue to become the political - military - economic
center of Cochin China. In 1786 Phu Xuan was chosen as the capital of the Tay
Son dynasty, and then King Gia Long and king of the Nguyen Dynasty chose it as
the capital for a long time and continued to expand. Under Tay Son dynasty, Phu
Xuan became the capital - where there are lines and policies to build a unified

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country. After defeating the Tay Son dynasty, Nguyen Anh chose Phu Xuan as his
capital, it leads Hue to be a political center of a unified and large territory.
- Thua Thien Hue - the center of socio-political activities and anti-French
colonialism, protection of national independence. In the mid-nineteenth century,
Hue became the capital, the political center of Vietnam. It was the highest
concentration of political events and social conflicts. Politic as well as society in
Hue had changed dramatically, anti-French activities were expanding. In the early
twentieth century, the Dong Du and Duy Tan movement were infomed, and the
flow of advanced ideas changed the political life in Hue. In 1908, the anti-tax
movement began from the South Central provinces, then it spreaded to Thua Thien
and North Central provinces. Political changes brought changes in the economy,
culture and education. The miserable life of the people as well as the conflict
between people and feudalism, French colonial increased. This was the motivation
for fighting of people in Thua Thien Hue.
2.2.2.3. Art and Culture of Hue
- Thua Thien Hue has a harmonious architectural system between the
imperial palace and the people, the garden and the district. The architecture of the
imperial city of Hue includes royal architecture and folk architecture, religious
architecture and temple architecture, traditional architecture and modern
architecture, urban architecture and traditional architecture, architectural gardenhouse and architectural district...
- Thua Thien Hue converges many streams of court music scholars, folk,
religious beliefs. With its rich history and cultural traditions, Hue is a place where
many traditional Hue folk music, such as royal court music, folk music, religious
music, and poetry, fine arts, folk festivals have shaped the characteristics of the Hue
Cultural Space. Hue music consists of three major components: music (including
royal music and ballroom music), folk songs (including dances, music, etc.) and
Hue traditional singing.
2.2.2.4. Education culture of Hue

- Thua Thien Hue is the land of learning, high ethics. History has recorded
Thua Thien Hue as “the land of learning” due to the fact that Hue was the major
cultural centre of the country - where the convergence of the pride of the legends;
the place of schools and education. Dai Nam Nhat thong chi books wrote Hue is
“the land of traditional learning”. The teaching of Thua Thien Hue people was
always highly appreciated and highly Confucianism, presented in the holidays,


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study and examination. Traditional and religious education in this land formed in
each family, rules, practice, family, and parish. In the study and examination, the
teacher held the unique position for the formation and development of personality
for students.
- Thua Thien Hue - the convergence of land and the flow of culture, ideas. In
the process of formation and development of Dang Trong, Hue is the center of
inheriting, transposing and upholding the tradition of ethnic culture in the new
land, while also absorbing new elements of the culture of the foreign In the late
nineteenth century to the first half of the twentieth century, with Hanoi and
Saigon, Hue really absorbed cultural values from China and Japan, as well as the
values of Western civilization despite government restrictions.
2.2.2.5. Spiritual culture of Hue
Thua Thien Hue is known as the capital of Buddhism, the land of many
unique and diverse spiritual cultural heritages, as well as the relic’s architecture
of religion. In addition, Hue people also have the folk religion that is a
characteristic feature of the cross-cultural Viet - Cham. Being the religion of the
second largest number (after Buddhism) in Thua Thien Hue, Catholicism was
introduced and developed in Dang Trong quite early.
2.2.2.6. Behavior culture of Hue
- Harmony behaviors between humans and the natural environment,
between humans and humans in society. For many centuries, as the monarchy

elevated the position of Buddhism in the administration of the country, Buddhist
doctrine deeply influenced social life. Hence, the character of Hue people becomes
tolerant, friendly, and gentle that presented through how people interact with the
natural environment, between people and people in society.
- Patriotism, proud self-respect for the nation, tenacious struggle for
independence and freedom. The Hue's cultural value was associated with the
process of building and developing the land, expressing the relationship among
people. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with the effect of
Colonialism, Thua Thien Hue people upheld the national spirit, promoted the
power of patriotism, joined forces against the French, and protected National
independence. Patriotism and national self-respect were followed by wise men
those stood up to lead the struggles. Typical are King Ham Nghi, Thanh Thai, Duy


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Tan with the loyalists such as Nguyen Tri Phuong, Ton That Thuyet, Thai Phien,
Tran Cao Van and the Vietnamese have the knowledge and enthusiasm to promote
the country.
Chapter 3
THE EFFECTS OF HUE CUTURAL SPACE
TO HO CHI MINH’S PERSONALITY
3.1. SOME ELEMENTS OF HUE CUTURAL SPACE TO HO CHI
MINH’S PERSONALITY

3.1.1. The influence of socio-political culture
3.1.1.1. The influence of socio-political changes
In the effects of the socio-political life of Thua Thien Hue in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to Ho Chi Minh, the transformation of the
Imperial City should be mentioned. Historical changes of the country from
sovereignty to colonialism, humiliation to dehydration, tragic loss left a fade in the

sensitive teenager. Living in this situation, Ho Chi Minh soon recognized the
feelings of the people, the mercy of the victims, the anger of the colonialists and
nurtures the indignation, the desire for national liberation, the liberation of
compatriots from slavery.
For Ho Chi Minh, the period of time living with his father at the work place
helped him to understand the reality of Hue society, see the mercilessness of the
dynasty and the nature and the real aim of the French colonialists. That practice
rekindled the colonial hatred of Ho Chi Minh, urged him to participate in the antitax movement in 1908 and let him go abroad to save the country.
3.1.1.2. The influence of the tradition of solidarity, mutual love
During about 10 years in Thua Thien (from 1895 to 1901 and from 1906 to
1909), Ho Chi Minh and his family faced many difficulties. In 1898, after the
failure of the competition, Mr. Sac’s family was cared by Mr. Nguyen Sy Do to
avoid bad living condition. In late 1900, when Mr. Sac was sent to supervise the
examination in Thanh Hoa, his wife - Ms. Loan stayed in Hue and gave birth to
her fourth child. However, she suffered illness and dead. His neighbors and fellow
students of Mr. Sac helped his family to arrange the funeral. At this time, deep
love of Hue compatriots contributed to the formation of personality, high moral of


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Ho Chi Minh. And also from the protection, love and help of the people, he was
on the side of compatriots fight against tax.
3.1.2. The influence of educational culture
3.1.2.1. The influence of the tradition of family education, especially the
personality and method of education of Vice-Leader Nguyen Sinh Sac
The personality of Ho Chi Minh was formed and developed with the
influence of family factors, first from his father, Mr. Nguyen Sinh Sac. Living in
Hue for a long time, the Nguyen also merged into the cultural lifestyle of Hue. He
was very interested in creating a proper, deep and accurate understanding of the
times, so he taught the lesson that people should not take the style of the

functionary into their house. When he inaugurated in Hue, Nguyen Sinh Sac sent
his children to study French-Vietnamese schools in Thua Thien Province and
Quoc Hoc Hue high school with the purpose “if you want to hit the French, you
must understand French. If you want to know France, you must learn French” and
the meanings of “Freedom, Equality, Charity”. Nguyen Sinh Sac's influence on the
formation of Ho Chi Minh's personality also derived from the treatise of “pious”,
originating from Confucian political theory, which he embodied into the thought
of the people- the basic progress of patriotic thought at that time.
3.1.2.2. The influence of traditional education and Western education
In traditional Vietnamese education, literature, history, philosophy played a
very important role. Hue is the cradle of literature, which is the largest flow of
patriotic literature. During about 10 years in Hue, Ho Chi Minh has mastered
Chinese and “Nom” characters. He could hear, read and know the heroic history of
the nation, contact with spiritual culture, especially ancestors worship, and heroes
worship, etc. Thanks to the understanding of national literature and history, Ho
Chi Minh increasingly imbued with patriotism in Vietnam, understood more about
the patriotic and struggle tradition to build and maintain the country of Vietnamese
people in thousand years.
In order to carry out their mission, the French colonialists implemented an
extremely reactionary educational policy. Despite the name “civilization”, the
French colonial blockade, not allow the Vietnamese to contact with the outside
world, including reading books or newspapers. In the second period to Hue (19061909), Ho Chi Minh studied at Quoc Hoc Hue high school, studied with many
patriotic teachers such as Mr. Hoang Thong, Mr. Le Van Mien, as well as contact
with those brings the colonial spirit, insulting Vietnamese students, tramping on


14
the dignity of the people, peoples and the race of Vietnam. The “non-cultural”
action of colonial education had a great impact on Ho Chi Minh. He “does not
want himself and his people to be deceived forever by the cultural and

civilizational lies”.
3.1.2.3. The influence of Western civilization and new ideas
Despite the colonial objective, French culture is a civilization. This
civilization had stimulated the national spirit of so many advanced intellectuals,
patriotic youth. The most prominent of the Western civilization at the time was the
idea of “Freedom, Equality, Charity” of the French Revolution, attracted Ho Chi
Minh as soon as he was admitted to the French - Vietnamese Vinh school. By the
time in Hue, he was able to understand its meaning by matching that thought with
the actions of the French colonialists to the people of Thua Thien. Therefore, he
soon raised his will for a journey of real “Freedom, Equality, Charity”. Later, he
recounts: “When I was thirteen years old, I first heard three French words:
Freedom, Equality, Charity... And from then on, I wanted to get acquainted with
the French civilization, and to find out what's hidden behind these words”.
Although the French colonialists banned them, the documents of New
Literature, New Testament of China and Japan, by many ways, formed penetrate
into Vietnam and also Thua Thien Hue. Influenced about the new values, Ho Chi
Minh actively sought, exposed the bourgeois democratic ideas in various ways
such as: access to progressive French teachers; Vietnamese patriotic teachers such
as Mr. Hoang Thong, Mr. Le Van Mien; or through the legionaries because “these
legions of soldiers read all sorts of things, they are essentially dissidents. They let
me read French newspapers. So I came up with the idea of going to the
“motherland” and I went to Paris”.
3.1.3. The influence of the royal movements, patriotic intellectuals,
revolutionary activists and the anti-tax movement
3.1.3.1. The influence of the national spirit of the patriot kings and
functionaries
People of national spirit such as Thanh Thai and Duy Tan have molded
revolutionary personality and the will of Ho Chi Minh. Emperor Thanh Thai was
intelligent and thanks to living with the working people, sharing hardships with the
poor in the loss of water. For France, the king had fierce anti-French sentiments.

Following Emperor Thanh Thai, Emperor Duy Tan had his words and
gestures to impress many people about patriotism, peoples and ethnic self-respect.


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In the anti-tax boom years, the French colonial use the title of the king to disperse
people, “as soon as the king saw his people, he sadly returned and asked to bring
three-fifths of his salary to help people the next day”. The young kings were really
the living examples of the national spirit, enlightening the spirit of Nguyen Tat
Thanh. After this, Ho Chi Minh affirmed: “We continue the unfinished career of
their predecessors Ham Nghi, Thanh Thai, Duy Tan, is to expel the French
colonialists to make our nation and country independently”.
3.1.3.2. Influence from the spirit of struggle of genuine patriotic
intellectuals
During the time in Hue, Ho Chi Minh was taught Chinese with Mr. Hoang
Thong and taught the lessons on the behavior, lifestyle, dignity and honor of a
dehydrated Vietnamese. Mr. Hoang Thong educated young students “The country
is colonized unluckily is not only the dehydration of a family alone but the
demilitarized nation”. In September 1908, Ho Chi Minh entered Quoc Hoc Hue
and was educated with Mr. Le Van Mien. He taught him “patriotic lesson”: “Not
anyone who learns French would act as a henchman for the French”, “the country
lost without understanding is mindless, someone knows without fighting for it is
unforgiven, anyone fights without giving the life for the country is unbelievable”.
3.1.3.3. The influence of the national spirit and the patriotic movement of
revolutionary activists
The Can Vuong movement was a revolutionary movement that attracted
officials in the court, civilization, and numerous patriots at that time. The failure of
the movement helped Ho Chi Minh realize that feudalist movements in the feudal
ideology “are incapable of mapping out solutions of struggle in accordance with
the historical and developmental tendencies of the times”.

The trend to save the country of Phan Boi Chau and Phan Chau Trinh was
also important factors to help Ho Chi Minh evaluate and choose the right path to
save the country and liberate the nation. Phan Boi Chau represented the trend of
violence, wanting to rely on foreign aid to expel the French colonialists. Phan
Chau Trinh with the tendency of peaceful reform, based on the French
implementation of doing, launched a large reformist movement in Central
Vietnam on many aspects of economics, politics, culture and society. However,
the tendency and the forms of struggle of Phan Boi Chau and Phan Chau Trinh
were quickly extinguished.


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3.1.3.4. Impact of anti-tax movement in Thua Thien Hue
In 1908, the anti-tax movement of Thua Thien Hue people broke out.
Around this time, Ho Chi Minh was “engaged” in the struggle with the people,
actively participating in the movement in both attitude and action against the
French. The fact that Ho Chi Minh participated in the anti-tax movement is a
manifestation of a strong transformation from the spirit of patriotism to patriotic
action. The anti-tax movement was suppressed bloody, on the one hand helped Ho
Chi understood the nature of the French colonialists and the origin of the people
deeply, on the other hand also revealed the deadlock in revolutionary solution in our
country at that time.
3.2. EXPRESSION OF HO CHI MINH'S PERSONALITY FROM THE
IMPACTS OF THE HUE SPACE CULTURE

3.2.1. Expression of Ho Chi Minh's personality on morality
3.2.1.1. Self-awareness of responsibility before the situation of
independent-lost country, slavery
The transformation in Ho Chi Minh's self-conscious development took place
mainly during his second visit to Hue (1906-1909). In this period, Ho Chi Minh was

more mature in thought and action. He went to school and witnessed the harsh reign
of French colonial rule. He joined the movement with all the patriotic enthusiasm
that had been heating up for so long, he exclaimed “the union”, “patriotism”,
together with Hue students trying to build new lifestyle for the people. He was
aware that: “I know French so I should translate for my fellows”, He “flee forward
to meet the French people to reduce tax preferences for the people”. In his work,
Tran Dan Tien wrote: “The young man understood and was painful with the
suffering of the people. At that time, he had just fired the French colonialists,
liberated his compatriots. He worked in secret, taking the job contact”.
3.2.1.2. Troubled, sympathetic with the suffering of the compatriots,
forming the idea of fighting for the happiness of the people
Living in the Citadel with the historical changes of the sovereign country to
become a colony made it hard to fade for Ho Chi Minh. After this, Mr. Khiem
recounted: “It was not until teenager period that he was a patriot, but from the
beginning he was a kid to listen to the people shouting: “Now it is in jeopardy, the
superficial affair is also because of the French”. He loved the country and could
not sleep. When he woke up, he asked my mother to tell the story of the invaders
and the colonization of the city. My brother listened quietly and thought a lot.


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Witnessing the extreme life of the people, Ho Chi Minh deeply sympathized with
the life of poor people and sense of struggle to save their fellow countrymen, fight
for people freedom and democracy, to get enough rice, warm clothes, to study for
the people. Thus, during the second period in Hue, he “went into secret work, got
the liaison work”, wanted to go out, see France and other countries they do, will
return help your compatriots.
3.2.1.3. Formed the spirit of national pride, revolutionary aspiration and
the direction of national salvation
In the second period to Hue (1906-1909), Ho Chi Minh was dictated to

Quoc Hoc Hue and understood “colonial mind” through “skull” lectures. At that
time, Ho Chi Minh called on the students: “We have to gather to demand two
things: the first is they must have reasonable teaching content, the other is they
must be equal in treatment”.
The idea of “Freedom, Equality, and Charity” was understood more deeply
by Ho Chi Minh but it was not implemented at all. It is the contrast between the
theories that have been redone with the motto “Freedom, Equality, Charity” with
the practice of “looting”, “killing”, “imprisonment” aroused in the spirit of
Vietnamese students. Ethnicity, self-respect, not resigned “to the Galois ancestors”.
“The unequal treatment of indigenous students and the inferiority of the South by
some colonial teachers have made Nguyen Sinh Cung unacceptable and
unresponsive”.
3.2.1.4. Form a life style, point of view and revolutionary human life
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when the French
colonialists implemented a limited education policy, Ho Chi Minh became the
representative model of the nationalist class; he used French culture to fight
against France. He understood that the value of a deceased citizen's life is not
wage-earning, interpreting or judging. He did not want himself and his people to
be fooled by cultural and civilizations. Thanks to the observation, “He soon
distinguished the right, the good and the evil” and chose to stand on the side of the
people against France.
In Hue, the patriotic examples of revolutionary kings and revolutionaries
helped Ho Chi Minh to understand deeply the lifestyle of fighting for the
country, for the people, because “the country lost without understanding is
mindless, someone knows without fighting for it is unforgiven, anyone fights
without giving the life for the country is unbelievable”. He found his own


18
direction. He went to France and the French colonialists to admit “the way to

France is the way to defend France”.
3.2.2. Expression of Ho Chi Minh's personality on intellect
3.2.2.1. Intelligent, smart, hardworking and eager-to-learn people
Since he had studied in France - Vietnam Dong Ba School, Ho Chi Minh
was good at studying, intelligent and observant. “Study in the classroom, listen to
the teacher teach the French text or draw notes in Chinese characters. He studied
carefully and well every subject at school. If the teacher answered unsatisfactory,
he asked until he understood. He was the best student in learning Chinese and
French. By the end of 1907, Ho Chi Minh had passed primary to enter Quoc Hoc
Hue. When attending the Quoc Hoc School, “the learning power of Mr. Con in
Quoc Hoc is better than before. His memory develops in an incredible way”.
Queignec, in one of his replies, took the paper and introduced to the whole class:
“Côn a traité le sujet de rédaction en vers. C’est un élève intelligent et vraiement
distingué” (Con solved this topic by his own poem. This is a clever and
outstanding student).
3.2.2.2. Sensitivity to the new, the desire to learn and flexibility in the
acquisition of cultural values
Ho Chi Minh is always willing to study, crave for learning, is sensitive to
new things... He read books as much as going to Pham Khac Doan workplace in
National History. Ho Chi Minh was very bright and quick, hard studying both
Vietnamese and French, because that was the only way to solve the problem of the
Vietnamese people at that time. Ho Chi Minh always tried to learn, his learning
was very extraordinary. Even Phan Chau Trinh later acknowledged Ho Chi Minh
as “the tree of life, the abundance of energy, the work of learning, the theory of
wisdom”.
3.2.2.3. Independent thinking, self-reliance, creativity, and proper political
perspectives in evaluating and choosing the path to salvation
Ho Chi Minh has a genius in choosing the path of national salvation and
liberation. He appreciated the patriotic movements. The Can Vuong movement
was used the king title in order to overturn the domination of the French

colonialists, and then consolidated the feudalism that was out of time unsuited to
the trend. He understood clearly the “unknown organization and unorganized”
from the failure of the anti-tax movement of the Central People; the revolutionary


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way, methods of struggle of the predecessors do not fit with the reality of Vietnam
revolution, feudal and bourgeois ideology “is not capable of mapping out solutions
to fight in accordance with the calendar situation, the history and development of
the times”. He admired them but he should not approve anything in their way to
save the country, “Do not go to Phon Xuong, though it is the shortest way. Do not
go to Japan, although there are uninitiated advisors. Do not go to South China,
although there are Tan Hoi revolution is entering the stage “big map”. In those
three lines, Ho Chi Minh did not take any road, he wanted to “get acquainted with
the French civilization, want to find what hidden behind this word”.
Chapter 4
THE MEANING OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HO CHI MINH’S PERSONALITY
NOWADAYS
4.1. SOME COMMENTS ON THE IMPACT OF HUE CULTURAL
SPACE TO HOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HO CHI MINH

4.1.1. Hue Cultural Space contributes Ho Chi Minh’s love, thought and
patriotic actions, foster national spirit and save the country, save the people
Ten years living and learning here, Hue Cultural Space with inherent
characteristics have cultivated the values of living and changed the perception,
thought and action of Ho Chi Minh. Patriotic love, people are molded, save
country idea, rescued people are formed. In the multi-dimensional impact of the
Hue Cultural Space, especially the acquisition of national cultural values, the
tradition of struggle, the spirit of solidarity and the progressive ideas of French

culture through the Tan Thu, Tan Van, Ho Chi Minh directly opposed the French,
participated in the short haircut movement and the Duy Tan movement. He has
changed the quality from patriotic awareness and love to patriotic action inside.
For ten years in Hue, the values of Hue Cultural Space and the reality of
Hue's social life have created the necessary basis for the formation and
development of Ho Chi Minh's personality in the spirit of “human society” of
Marx. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh's personality is a sense of national
independence, patriotism attached to the people, struggling to liberate their fellowcitizens, struggling for the people to have a prosperous life, freedom and
happiness.


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4.1.2. Hue Cultural Space contributes to Ho Chi Minh's world view,
steadfast stance in determining the way to save the country
Nearly 10 years in Hue helped Ho Chi Minh form the position, personal
mark of individuals in social relationships, in the awareness of the way of
salvation. Ho Chi Minh did not go to Phon Xuong, although it was the shortest
route, not Japan, although it was encouraged, not Hoa Nam, although there was
Tan Hoi revolution is the stage “great”. At those three roads, Nguyen Tat Thanh
did not follow any road. Ho Chi Minh's personal and critical thinking expressed
that he wanted to go abroad, it was not the East, but the West, France and other
countries, and then, then back to help his compatriots.
4.1.3. Hue Cultural Space contributes to the formation of Ho Chi
Minh's revolutionary capacity, the fight for the independence of the nation,
the happiness for people
Ho Chi Minh grew up in the cradle of the patriotic movement, by his own
study, by the closeness of the working population and by the influence of the antiFrench movement in 1908. Louis Arnoux, the French secretary-general, affirmed:
“This life (Ho Chi Minh) is starting in the air of injustice, resentment and
resentment against France”. Hue's cultural space has shaped Ho Chi Minh's sense of
national independence, capacity for awareness and action, from being “very

understanding and very painful to the suffering of the people” to commit ourselves,
to fight with compatriots. From the love of the people and the witness of the misery
of the people who had burned, he pullulated the thinking to fight the French
colonialists, liberate the people, life of prosperity, happy for the compatriots.
4.1.4. Hue Cultural Space helps Ho Chi Minh appreciate the movement
and development of the nation and the time, recognize the nature of
colonialism, feudalism, the role of patriotic movements and power of
compatriots
In Hue, Ho Chi Minh recognized the French invaders. Watching the French
colonialists borrowing the civilized name to wield the barbed wire of Vietnam has
made him more aware, deeper than the essence of colonialism, that is just “big
tricks”, is “sharks”, as the “Two-hose dish” as he later concluded. Ho Chi Minh
also understood the weakness of the Nguyen feudal government, although there
were still some kings, loyalists but could not save the country and liberate the
nation in the old way. With active participation in the struggle movement of the


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people of Thua Thien Hue, Ho Chi Minh clearly saw the spirit of solidarity of the
people is the power to open up all forces against the interests of the people.
4.1.5. Hue Cultural Space contributed to Ho Chi Minh's ability to
socialize reflected in the knowledge and new ideas in the struggle against
invaders
Ho Chi Minh soon adapted and integrated with the social environment of
Hue in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With the special political
sensitivity, vision and awareness of a patriotic young man, he exposed the values
of Western culture and civilization, particularly French culture. From the influence
of the idea of “Freedom, Equality, Charity”, Ho Chi Minh decided to go there. It
was a right decision to choose the way, a decision that the French had to admit that
“to France, to study French culture is the way to France”.

4.2. THE MEANING OF RESEARCH ON THE IMPACTS OF THE HUE
SPACE CULTURE TO THE HO CHI MINH'S SELF-ESTEEM FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF HO CHI MINH

4.2.1. The value of Ho Chi Minh's personality in the present context
4.2.1.1. Theoretical value
The personality of Ho Chi Minh is the harmonious combination of the
traditional cultural values of the nation and the era of Marxism-Leninism which
the principles, views on morality, methods and style of Ho Chi Minh, both
express the qualities, capacity and expression of intellectual brains in his
revolutionary ideas.
The personality of Ho Chi Minh is a system of moral standards, human
values that Ho Chi Minh trained, shaped and perfected in the practice of struggle,
is “the common denominator of the whole nation instead of deepening the way. It
is a process of turning the spiraling up of history on the basis of convergence
rather than exclusion”. Therefore, the personality of Ho Chi Minh is a precious
asset, the foundation of thought and reason for the work of thought, propaganda,
education and building of the Vietnamese people in the Ho Chi Minh era.
4.2.1.2. Practical value
The revolutionary practice in Vietnam and the world has shown that the
personality of Ho Chi Minh has a historical meaning deeply, not only reflecting
but also contributing to solving problems of the times and the reality of life has
been set. The victory of the Vietnamese revolution was closely linked to Ho Chi
Minh's ability, intellect, methods of revolution and personality. In today's context,


22
Ho Chi Minh's personality helps us to properly perceive the major issues related to
human development and building - a solid foundation for achieving the goal of
“independent national linked socialism”.

4.2.1.3. Educational value, orientation
The personality of Ho Chi Minh, by its nature, is a system of virtues,
capacities and ethical standards that have a great educational role for officials,
party members, pupils, students and the masses. The personality of Ho Chi Minh
is a shining example of resilient revolutionary, the spirit of independence, selfcontrol, patriotism, compassionate people, virtue, saving, integrity, responsibility,
method of revolution, modesty… These qualities are extremely beautiful,
educational value, emotional, diffuse, and contributing to the formation of cadres,
party members, youth, and students in combat, study and labor.
4.2.2. Some solutions to develop Ho Chi Minh’s personality for
Vietnamese nowadays
Developing Ho Chi Minh’s personality in the present context is the top
priority work. The trend of globalization, peace, development cooperation has
been expanded, science and technology revolution, knowledge economy, people
are more and more important. In order to be able to master the national
construction and development, it should attend to the human development
strategy - the central factor of development. In particular, it is necessary to build
the personality model for the Vietnamese people in general, for cadres, party
members, pupils, students and youths in the present situation is the urgent issue.
In order to do that, it is necessary to strengthen the research and perfect the
theory of Ho Chi Minh’s personality, to create the scientific basis for building the
new Vietnam.
Based on the findings of this thesis, we make some recommendations to
promote the values of the Hue Cultural Space and to develop the personality of Ho
Chi Minh in the social community in general and in education, Training and
fostering the personality of students and students in particular is as follows.
- First of all, the building of cultural space and spaces, promoting the value
of cultural spaces associated with the process of formation, personality
development and revolutionary activities of President Ho Chi Minh.
- Secondly, build a system of documents on the personality of Ho Chi Minh
to disseminate and educate the personality of Ho Chi Minh in the social life as the

23
basis for formulating the Vietnamese human values standard in the public time
modernization and international integration.
- Thirdly, organize learning, diversify educational models, propagate,
disseminate and spread the values of Ho Chi Minh's personality in the whole
society.
- Fourthly, bring into full play the role and responsibility of officials and
party members; take initiative in coordinating socio-political organizations so as to
draw up programs of action, education and propagation on the personality of Ho
Chi Minh for Vietnamese children.

CONCLUSION
1. The formation and development of Ho Chi Minh's personality is a long
and complicated process. In that process, between the internal and external
factors, between the biological and the social often interact with each other. In
the course of life, he gains experience in life, faith, habits... and vice versa, when
he receives anything, he also bases on social norms to regulate his behavior. This
process is always associated with the capacity of self-assessment, self-awareness,
associated with the process of self-education, the process of self-improvement of
Ho Chi Minh.
2. In the process of advocacy and development, Thua Thien Hue has
enriched its cultural identity with the creation and adaptation of cultural values to
form a specific cultural region of Vietnam. With nearly 10 years of adolescence,
the Hue Cultural Space has penetrated and deeply influenced the perception,
action, leading to “strange” decisions. True to the affirmation of the Prime
Minister Pham Van Dong: “Hue, the capital of the Nguyen Dynasty at the time,
was also an environment that had good effects on Nguyen Tat Thanh's
adolescence”.

3. Time living in Hue, Ho Chi Minh witnessed his country losing its
independence and at the ruin of his home, people's lives mistakenly, humiliated
under the dictatorial rule of the French colonialists. By joining the cradle of the