BQ GIAO Dl)C VA £>AO T~O
TRU'ONG £>AI
. HOC
. KINH TE TP.HO CHi MINH
.
.,.
•
a~ TAl NGHIEN ClrU KHOA HOC
. CAP TRU'ONG
,(1 \ :,
.•
'-':-;
~:
~
THI• TRU'6'NG BAT DONG
SAN
•
THANH PHO HO CHi MINH - THU'C
TRANG
•
•
VA GIAI PHAP
MA SO:
cs- 2007-06
CHU NHieM D~ TAl
TS. NGUY~N NGQC VINH
TP.HO CHi MINH- 2010
r :J,
-
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl,J'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
Ml)C LIJC
Ml)C Ll)C
DANH Ml)C CAC Tlf VI~T TAT
DANH Ml)C BANG BI~U
DANH Ml)C SO 80 VA HINH ANH
PHAN MO 8AU ................................................................................................. 1
1. TiNH CAP THI~T COA 8~ TAL .............................................................. 1
2. 801 TU'Q'NG VA PHI:\M VI NGHIEN CLrU .............................................. 1
3.
PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLrU ............................................................. 1
4.
Ml)C TIEU NGHIEN CLrU ....................................................................... 2
5.
QUY TRINH NGHIEN CLrU ..................................................................... 2
6.
NOI DUNG CHiNH C0A8~ TAI ............................................................. 3
ChU'ang 1: CO SO LV LUAN V~ TH! TRU'ONG BAT BONG SAN .................. 4
1.1
Khai ni~m v~ BBS va thi trU'6'ng BBS .................................................. 4
1.2
Ph an
1.3
Nhfrng d~c di~m cua thi trU'6'ng b~t dong san ..................................... 7
1.4
Vai tro cua thi trU'6'ng b~t dong san ...................................................... 7
1.5
Cung - cau thi trU'6'ng b~t dong san .................................................. 10
1.6
Quan h~ cung - cau thi trU'6'ng b~t dong san .................................... 14
1. 7
Quan ly nha nU'&c v~ thi trU'ang b~t dong san ................................... 15
lo~i
thi trU'6'ng BBS ..................................................................... 6
Tom tat chU'ang 1 ............................................................................................ 16
ChU'ang 2. THV'C TRI:\NG TH! TRU'ONG BAT BONG SAN TP HCM ........... 17
2.1. Tong quan v~ thanh phO HO Chi Minh .................................................. 17
2.2 Khai quat v~ thi trU'6'ng BBS t~i TP HCM .............................................. 20
2.3 NhCrng d~c di~m cua thi trU'ang b~t dong san t~i TP. HO Chi Minh ...... 22
2.4 Thanh phan tham gia thi trU'ang b~t dong san t~i TP HCM ................... 24
2.5 Ti~m nang ph at tri~n thi trU'ang b~t dong san t~i TP HCM .................... 25
Tom tat chU'ang 2 ............................................................................................ 26
ChU'ang 3. PHAN TiCH SO LII;U KHAO SAT V~ TH! TRU'ONG BAT BONG
SAN THANH PHC HO CHi MINH ................................................ 28
3.1. Ph an tich khao sat v~ thOng tin ca nhan ............................................... 28
3.2. Phan tich khao sat tong quat v~ thi trU'6'ng b~t dong san ..................... 30
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THV'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
3.3. Phan tich khao sat v~ nguOn nhan ll)'c tren thi trU'ang B£>S ................. 39
3.4. Phan tich khao sat v~ cung, cau thi trU'ang .......................................... 42
3.5. Phan tich khao sat v~ rui ro cua thi trU'ang BBS t~i TP HCM .............. 45
3.6. Phan tich khao sat v~ y~u to ho trQ' thi trU'ang BBS t~i TP HCM ......... 47
3.7. Phan tich khao sat v~ tfnh minh b~ch cua thi trU'ang BBS t~i TP HCM. 50
3.8.Phan tfch, khao sat y ki~n chung v~ thi trU'ang BBS t~i TP HCM ......... 56
T6m tat chU'ang 3 ............................................................................................ 61
ChU'ang 4. B!NH HU'ONG GIAI PHAP PHAT TRI~N TH! TRU'ONG BAT
BONG SAN THANH PHO H6 CHi MINH ..................................... 62
4.1 Nhling thu~n IQ'i cua thi trU'ang BBS t~i TP HCM ................................. 62
4.2. Nhling bat c~p cua thi trU'ang BBS t~i TP HCM .................................. 63
4.3. Nhling dinh hU'&ng giai phap phat tri~n thi trU'ang BBS TP HCM ........ 65
Tom tat chU'ang 4 ............................................................................................ 69
PHAN K~T LUAN ···························································································· 70
TAl LII;U THAM KHAO
PHAN PHl) Ll)C
Phl.-1 ll)c 1: KINH NGHII;M COA MOT SO QUOC GIA V~ PHAT TRI~N TH!
TRU'ONG BAT BONG SAN
Phl.-1 ll)c 2: PHI~U KHAO SAT
Phl.-1 ll)c 3: QUY TRiNH PHE DUYI;T Dl)' AN BAU TU' xAY Dl)'NG CAN H0
COA CONG TY TNHH BAT LANH
Phl.-1 ll)c 4: SO B6 HANH CHANH QUAN 7, 2, 9
Phl.-1 ll)c 5: CAC DI:\NG BBS TIEU BI~U
'
·,
r•
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl,J'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
DANH Ml)C
cAc Tlr VI~T TAT
TlrVI~T TAT
BTC
CBRE
d.
NQIDUNG
Bo tai chfnh
T~p
doan CB Richard Ellis
flong
Bf)S
Bat dong san
FDI
flau tU' trl)'c ti~p nU'&c ngoai
GDP
TOng san phflm qu6c noi
GNP
TOng san phflm qu6c dan
KTTflPN
Kinh t~ trQng di~m ph fa nam
Nf)
Nghi dinh
TT
ThongtU'
TP
Thanh ph6
TPHCM
tr.
STT
UBND
USD
VN
Thanh phO Ho Chi Minh
Trieu
so thll' ti,J'
Oy ban nhan dan
flong do Ia My
Vietnam
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THV'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
DANH Ml)C BANG BIEU
STT
Bang 1
Tong ket ve thong tin ca nhan
Bang 2
So luQ'ng doanh
Bang 3
Lo~i BBS duQ'c quan tam nhieu nhat
Bang 4
TRANG
NQIDUNG
nghi~p
29
30
tham gia thi trU'ang
31
Ml.rc d¢ hap dan cua cac linh VI,J'C ho~t d()ng tren thi
truang BBS
32
Bang 5
Thl.r h~ng ve m(fc dQ hap dan trong cac ITnh VI,J'C
33
Bang 6
Khao sat ve d~ng giao djch pho bien nhat
35
Bang 7
Xep h~ng m(fc d¢ hap dan cua cac d~ng giao djch
35
Bang 8
Khao sat ve qu~n. huy~n c6 thi truang bat d()ng san
phat tri~n
37
Bang 9
Xep h~ng qu~n. huy~n c6 thi trU'ang BBS phat tri~n
38
Bang 10
Khao sat ve phan khuc thj truang theo thu nh~p
39
Bang 11
Banh gia ve chat IU'Q'ng nguon nhan ll)'c
39
Bang 12
Bang 13
Khao sat ve nh6m kien th(fc can bo trQ' khi tham gia
thi truang BBS
Cap d¢ can thiet trang bi cac kien th(fc bo trQ' khi tham
gia thi truang BBS,
t~i
41
43
Bang 14
Yeu to tac d¢ng den cung thi truang BBS
Bang 15
Yeu to tac d()ng den cau thi truang BBS t~i TP HCM,
44
Bang 16
Banh gia rui ro khi tham gia thi truang BflS
45
Bang 17
Xep h~ng rui ro khi tham gia thi truang BflS
46
Bang 18
Bang 19
Bang 20
TP HCM
40
Nh~n d~ng nhCrng yeu t6 ho trQ' thi truang BflS TP
HCM
Nh~n d~ng nhfrng thi trU'ang bo trQ' cho thi truang
BflS TP HCM
flanh gia chung tinh minh bt;tch cua thj truang BflS
TPHCM
48
49
50
--------·-
-
-
--
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
;
Bang 21
Bang 22
Bang 23
Bang 24
Bang 25
Bang 26
Bang 27
Bang 28
Bang 29
Banh gia v~ Unh thong tin minh b~ch cua gia ca thi
trU'ang TP HCM
Banh gia v~ Unh thong tin minh b~ch cua quy ho~ch
sll' d1,mg dat TP HCM,
Banh gia ve thu ti,JC phap ly khi giao djch BBS TP
51
52
52
HCM
Banh gia viec cung cap thong tin giCra cac ben ve
BBS giao djch
Banh gia mLI'c d() giao djch ngam cua thi trU'ang BBS
t~i
53
55
TP HCM
Banh gia ve nhCrng thuc;ln lqi hien nay cua thi trU'ang
BBS TP HCM
Banh gia ve nhCrng kh6 khan, vU'&ng m~c hien nay
cua thi trU'ang BBS TP HCM
Dl! bao ve Sl! phat trien cua thi trU'ang BBS TP HCM
d~n nam 2020
57
58
59
Gqi y chinh sach nham phat trien thi trU'ang BBS TP
HCM
60
TH! TRU'ONGBAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl,J'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
DANH MVC SO' eO
STT
VA HiNH ANH
NOIDUNG
TRANG
Quy trinh nghiem cll'u
2
Hinh 1
Ban dO TP HCM
18
Hinh 2
Ban dO hanh chanh qu~n 7
Phl) ll)C 4
Hinh 3
Ban dO hanh chanh qu~n 2
Phl) ll)C 4
Hinh 4
Ban dO hanh chanh qu~n 9
Phl) ll)C 4
Hinh 5
Nha ph& lien
Hinh 6
Bi~t
Hinh 7
Nha xay
Hinh 8
Can h¢ chung cU'
Sa dO 1
ke
Phl) ll)c 5
thl)' dan l~p
Phl) ll)C 5
tc;~m
Phl) ll)C 5
Phl) ll)C 5
Hinh 10
a can h¢ thAp tang
N ha a can h¢ cao tang
Hinh 11
TrU'6'ng fJc;~i hQc Ton fJCrc Thc"ing
Hinh 12
Khach
sc;~n
Phl) ll)C 5
Hinh 13
Cao &c van phong
Phl) ll)c 5
Hinh 9
Nha
Phl) ll)C 5
Phl) ll)c 5
Phl) ll)C 5
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl,J'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
PHAN M6' DAU
1. TiNH CAP THI~T CUA £>~TAl.
Thj trU'ang bfit d¢ng san th~mh phO Ho Chi Minh dU'Q'C danh gia Ia thj trU'ang
giau ti~m nang va dong gop dang k~ vao st,P tang trU'&ng kinh te, phat trien an
sinh - xa h¢i cho thanh phO nang d¢ng b~t nhat cua n~n kinh te Viet nam. Tuy
nhien thi trU'ang bat d¢ng san thanh phO Ho chi Minh cOng ton tc;ti rat nhi~u bat
c~p tll' cong tac quan ly cOng nhU' tinh chuyen nghiep cua cac chu th~ tham
gia thj trU'ang, lam cho mQt sO khu VI,J'C cua thj trU'ang nhU' nha, dat phat tri~n
khong 6n djnh, luc ao c;tt sOt gia luc giao djch am dc;tm, tac d¢ng xau den he
thOng kinh te, b(rc xuc trong dU' lu~n. giam nghiem trong nguon thu cho ngan
sach ... do d6 viec nghien cll'u phan tich, danh gia tac dong cua nhCrng yeu to
len thj trU'ang bat d¢ng san Ia can thiet nh~m tim ra nhCrng di~m tich CI,J'C cOng
nhU' hc;tn che d~ c6 nhCrng giai phap phu hQ'p nh~m phat tri~n b~n vCrng thi
trU'ang bat d¢ng san thanh phO Ho Chi Minh trong tU'ang lai.
2. £>01 TU'Q'NG VA PH~M VI NGHIEN ClrU
DOi tU'Q'ng nghien cll'u: Cac
ca quan, doanh nghiep, ca nhan c6 hoc;tt d¢ng lien
quan den bat d¢ng san tc;ti thanh phO Ho Chi Minh.
Phc;tm vi nghh§n cll'u: 8~ tai thi,J'c hien nghien cll'u trong phc;tm vi thanh phO Ho
Chi Minh tll' thang 11.2008 den nay.
Phc;tm vi n¢i dung nghien cll'u: 8~ tai t~p trung phan tich cac chi sO thOng ke tll'
ket qua khao sat v~ thi trU'ang, nguon nhan h,.rc, cung- cau thi trU'ang, tinh rui
ro cua thi trU'ang, cac yeu tO b6 trQ', tinh minh bc;tch va d!nh hU'&ng phat tri~n
thi trU'ang trong tU'ang lai.
3. PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClrU
Trang nghien c(ru d~ tai da sll' dt,mg cac phU'ang phap sau:
-
PhU'O'ng phap th6ng ke mo ta nh~m phan tich va Xlr ly s6 lieu khao sat
-
PhU'ang phap quan sat cac y kien chuyen vien nh~m tim ra nhCrng y
kien dU'Q'C nhi~u ngU'ai quan tam nhat.
1
TH! TRU'ONG BAT£>0NG SAN TP.HCM- THV'C TAANG VA GIAI PHAP
4. MVC TIEU NGHIEN ClrU
£>~ tai nghien cll'u khoa hoc v~ thi trU'cmg bat a¢ng san TP HCM thi,J'c hi~m v&i
hai mt,Jc tieu:
-
Nh~n dien va dfmh gia y~u t6 tac dC)ng len thj trU'cmg bat d¢ng san t~i
TP HCM nh~m d~ xuat nhCI'ng dinh hU'&ng giai phap khac pht,Jc nhCrng
h~n ch~. khi~m khuy~t cua thj trU'ang.
-
C~p nh~t nhCrng ki~n thll'c thi,J'c ti~n pht,Jc VI,J cho cong tac giang d~y cac
man hQC CO lien quan d~n bat CQng san nhU': kinh t~ 8£>5, tham djnh gia
8£>5, afiu tU' kinh doanh 8£>5, thi trU'ang 8£>5, quan ly 8£>5 ...
5. QUY TRINH NGHIEN ClfU
Quy trinh nghien cll'u CU'Q'C thi,J'c hien qua cac bU'&c sau:
Xac dinh van a~. nQi dung va phU'ang
phap nohien cll'u
l
Xay di,J'ng k~ ho~ch nghien cll'u
t
£>i~u tra, khao sat thu th~p s6 lieu
1
Phan tfch s6 lieu va y ki~n chuyen
vi en
1
TOng k~t k~t qua nghien cll'u va
a~ xuat djnh hU'&ng giai phap
Sa dO 1: Quy trinh nghien cll'u
2
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THt,J'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
6. NQI DUNG CHINH CUA £)~TAl
£)~ tai nghien c(J'u v~ thi trU'ang bat dong san t(jli TP HCM dU'Q'C thi!C hien v&i
nhll'ng noi dung chinh nhU' sau:
Phan
ma dau
ChU'O'ng 1: CO' sa ly lu~n v~ thi trU'ang bat dong san
ChU'O'ng 2. Thi!C tr(jlng thi trU'ang bat dong san TP HCM
ChU'O'ng 3. Phan tich khao sat s6 lieu v~ thi trU'ang B£>8 TP HCM
ChU'O'ng 4. £>inh hU'&ng giai phap phat tri~n thi trU'ang B£>8 TP HCM
Phan k~t lu~n
Phan phi,J lt,Jc
3
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THV'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
ChU'ang 1: CO 56' LY LU~N V~ THI TRU'ONG BAT DQNG SAN
1.1
Khai ni~m v~ BDS va thi trU'ang BDS
..._ Khai niem bflt dong san
Tuy theo mi,JC dfch quan ly va SLY di,Jng tai san dlJ'Q'C phan thanh nhi~u lo~i
khac nhau nhU'ng V~ CO' ban tai san dlJ'Q'C phan lam hai lo~i: dong san va 8£>5.
5l)' phan chia nay da c6 trong Bo
Lu~t
La Ma each day hang ngan nam.
Thu~t ngli B£>5 dlJ'Q'C s(r di,Jng phO bien tren nhi~u qu&c gia, lanh thO tren the
gi&i. Trong tieng Anh Bfl5 Ia real estate, tieng Phap Ia immobilie, tieng Nga:
HeABir1>Kir1MOCTb, tieng Hoa t~m djch Ia dja san va
a nU'OC ta dU'Q'C gQi Ia Bfl5.
V~y Bfl5 dlJ'Q'c hil!u nhU' the nao?
f)i~u 181 Bo Lu~t Dan Sl)' nU'&c ta quy djnh: Bat dong san Ia cac tai san khong
thl! di dai bao g6m:
- flat dai;
- Nha a, cac cong trinh xay dl)'ng gan li~n v&i dat dai, kl! ca cac tai san gan
li~n nha a, cong trinh xay dl)'ng d6;
- Cac tai san khac gan li~n v&i dat;
- Cac tai san khac do phap lu~t quy djnh.
Theo tieu chuan tham djnh gia qu&c te, bat dong san Ia dat dai va nhling cong
trinh do con nglJ'ai t~o nen gan li~n v&i dat. £>6 Ia nhling v~t hCru hinh cung
v&i nhling tai san nama tren, phfa tren hay dlJ'&i m~t dat.
Con theo Me Kenzie va Betts bat dong san bao gOm dat dai, tai san gan li~n
va phi,J thUOC vao dat, nhling tai san khong di dai dU'Q'C quy djnh bai phap lu~t.
T6m l~i Bfl5 Ia mot tai san bao gOm dat dai va nhling tai san khac gan li~n v&i
lo dat d6. Nhling tai san khac c6 thl! Ia:
- Toa nha ho~c nhCrng cong trinh xay dl)'ng tren lo dat, cong trinh ng~m
dU'&i m~t dat;
- Cay tr6ng lau nam, ngu6n nU'&c trong ph~m vi lo dat;
- Cong trinh ky thu~t ket n&i lo dat v&i cac h~ t~ng
kY thu~t khu Vl)'C va trung
tam
- Nhling trang, thiet bi tien fch c& dinh trong ph~m vi lo dat. ..
M~c
du da c6 nhling nhling tieu thlJ'c phan biet Bfl5 hay dong san nhU'ng viec
nh~n d~ng chung khong dan gian nhU' ta nghi. Phai chang tat ca cong trinh
4
TH! TRU'ONG BAT £>0NG SAN TP.HCM- THl,J'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
kien true, xay di,J'ng d~u Ia 88S? Tat
ca cac tai san gan v&i cac cong trinh xay
di,J'ng tren dat d~u Ia BBS? Moi dat dai d~u dU'Q'C coi Ia BBS? NhCrng kh6 khan
nay se lam cho ngU'ai kinh doanh ho~c tham djnh gia BBS se c6 cai nhin sai
v~ gia tri BBS trong qua trinh hoc;tt dong. Nham khac phvc nhCrng hc;tn che tren
cac nha nghien cl.fu da dU'a ra nhCrng tieu chi nham nh~n di~n va phan bi~t
giCra 88S va d¢ng san.
Vi 88S Ia tai san v~t chat khong th~ di dai, tOn tc;ti va On djnh lau dai thoa man
cac di~u di~u ki~n sau:
- La yeu to v~t chat c6 ich cho con ngU'ai;
- 8U'Q'c chiem giCr bai ca nhan ho~c cong dOng;
- C6 th~ do IU'ang bang gia tri;
- Khong th~ di dai ho~c di dai rat hc;tn che d~ tfnh chat, cong nang, hinh thai
cua no khong thay dOi;
- TOn tc;ti lau dai .
._ Khai ni~m v~ thi trU'ang bat dong san.
C6 nhi~u each hi~u khac nhau v~ thi trU'ang 88S nhU'ng c6 cung mot di~m
chung khai quat v~ thi trU'ang BBS nhU' sau: Ia tOng cac quan h~ giao dich
88S hang h6a giCra cac chu th~ cua n~n kinh te thong qua mot CO' che gia, tc;ti
mot thai di~m xac djnh.
Chung ta thU'ang hi~u sai v~ thi trU'ang 88S khi cho rang thi trU'ang chi Ia giao
djch mua ban, chuy~n nhU'Q'ng, trong thi,J'c te thi trU'ang BBS ngoai giao djch
mua ban thong thU'ang chiem
tY trong l&n nhat, con c6 cac giao dich khac nhU'
cho thue, the chap, chuy~n nhU'Q'ng quy~n Slr di,Jng dat. .. rat phong phu va da
~c;tng. SI,J' ngo nh~n tiep thea neu cho rang thi trU'ang 88S chinh Ia thi trU'ang
nha dat, hi~u chinh xac han thi trU'ang nha va dat chi Ia hai phan khuc l&n xet
thea quan di~m loc;ti hinh BBS, ngoai ra con c6 nhCrng phan khuc khac cOng
nam trong h~ thOng nhU' thi trU'ang 8f)S thU'O'ng mc;ti, 8f)S djch VI,J, 8f)S cong
nghi~p ...
8~ hi~u ro han chung ta c~n biet v~ each phan loc;ti va nh~n dc;tng nhCrng thuoc
tinh cOng nhU' nhCrng d~c di~m
ca ban cua thi trU'ang BBS.
5
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRI;\NG VA GIAI PHAP
1.2
Phan loiili th! trU'ang
Bas
Tuy theo nhling quan di~m khac nhau ngU'ai ta phan lo~i thi trU'ang BflS
thfmh nhi~u d~ng khac nhau:
•
DI,J'a vao hang h6a B£>8 ngU'ai ta phan
lo~i
thl trU'ang B£>8 ra thanh
- Thi trU'ang dat dai (dat nang nghiep, lam nghiep, data)
- Thi trU'ang nha
a (nha ph6, nha lien k~. biet thl!, nha vU'an ... )
- Thl trU'ang B£>8 dlch Vl.J nhU' (khach
s~n.
cao oc van phong, nha hang,
b~n cang .. )
- Thl trU'ang B£>8 thU'O'ng m~i (chQ', trung tam thU'O'ng m~i. cll'a hang,
sieu th! ... )
Thi trU'ang B£>8 cong nghiep (nha XU'cJng, khu ch~ xuat, khu cong
nghiep ... )
•
Dl)'a vao cac quan he giao dich c6 th~ phan ra cac d~ng sau:
- Thl trU'ang mua ban, chuy~n nhU'Q'ng quy~n sll' dl)ng (danh cho dat dai)
- Thl trU'ang cho thue
- Thi trU'ang th~ chap
- Thi trU'ang bao hi~m
•
DI,J'a vao trinh ti,J' tham gia thi trU'ang cua viec khai thac dl)' an B£>8 c6
th~ phan ra:
- Thi trU'ang chuy~n nhU'Q'ng quy~n sll' dl)ng dat (giao dat, cho thue dat)
- Thi trU'ang l~p di,J' an va xay dl)'ng cac cong trinh (thl trU'ang SO' cap)
- Thi trU'ang mua ban, cho thue ho~c cac giao djch khac (thi trU'ang thll'
cap)
•
DI,J'a vao thu nh~p c6 th~:
- Thi trU'ang danh cho ngU'ai thu nh~p thap.
•
- Thi trU'ang danh cho ngU'ai thu
nh~p
trung binh.
- Thi trU'ang danh cho ngU'ai thu
nh~p
cao.
Dl)'a vao mll'c d¢ kiem soat cua chinh phu c6 the phan ra:
- Thi trU'ang chinh thll'c
- Thi trU'ang phi chinh thll'c
6
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
1.3
Nhling d~c di~m cua thi trU'ang bAt d¢ng san.
Hang h6a 8£>5 Ia hang h6a d~c bi~t so vai nhi~u loc;~i hang h6a khac do d6
thi trU'ang 8£>5 c6 nhi~u d~c di~m rieng chung ta c6 th~ nh~n dc;~ng nhU'
sau.
Giao djch 8£>5 ban chat Ia giao dich cac quy~n. IQ'i ich cua 8£>5 d6 chlJ'
•
khong trao dOi bang hi~n v~t nhU' nhi~u tai san khac.
Thi trU'ang 8£)5 mang d~m net tinh khu Vl)'C, vi dat dai Ia y~u t6 khong
•
th~ tach rai cua moi 8£)5 c6 thuoc tinh khong di dai dU'Q'C, do d6 cung -
cau 8£)5 mang tinh dja phU'O'ng V~ phong each, ki~U mau, phong ti,JC,
t~p quan, thi hi~u nO'i 8£>5 d6 tc;>a lc;~c.
Thi trU'ang 8£>5 Ia thi trU'ang cc;~nh tranh khong hoan hao, tinh chat nay
•
dU'Q'C th~ hi~n qua cac di~m:
-
Khong c6 thi trU'ang trung tam
-
Tham gia va rut kh6i thi trU'ang ch~m
-
Thong tin bat can xlJ'ng (gifra cac ben giao dich)
-
Hang h6a 8£>5 khong d6ng nhat
-
Chju Sl,J' quan ly ch~t che cua h~ thOng phap lu~t
Thi trU'ang 8£>5 c6 m6i tU'O'ng quan ch~t che vai thi trU'ang v6n,- thi
•
trU'ang tai chinh
Thi trU'ang chiu tac dong mc;~nh cua cac y~u t6 tam ly, chinh sach, phong
•
thuy, t~p quan.
Giao djch ngam chi~m
•
tY trc;>ng dang k~ trong
h~ thOng thi trU'ang 8£>5
a
nU'ac ta.
1.4
Vai tro cua thi trU'ang bAt d¢ng san.
Thj trU'ang 8£)5 c6 vai tr6 rat lan trong n~n kinh t~ qu6c dan tac dong trl)'C
ti~p len t6c do tang trU'&ng kinh t~. tuy thuoc vao tCmg thai
kY phat tri~n tY
trc;>ng dong g6p cua thj trU'ang 8£>5 nU'6'C ta chi~m khoan 30% cua n~n
kinh t~ va chi~m khoan 60%-70% tOng gia tri tai san c6 dinh cua n~n kinh
t~ Vi~t Nam, do d6 nh~n thlJ'c day du v~ vai tro cua thi trU'ang 8£>5 se c6 y
nghia trong vi~c xay dl,J'ng chi~n IU'Q'C phat tri~n trong tU'O'ng lai. Vai tr6 cua
thi trU'ang 8£>5 th~ hi~n qua cac di~m sau:
7
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
-
Phat tri~n thi trU'ang Bf>S g6p phan phat tri~n thi trU'ang von
-
Phat tri~n thi trU'cmg Bf>S nham tang nguOn thu cho ngan sach nha
nU'ac
-
Phat tri~n thi trU'ang Bf>S nham
nU'ac,
rna
rna
r<)ng thi trU'cmg trong va ngoai
r¢ng quan h~ quoc t~. chuy~n giao cong ngh~.
k9 nang
quan ly.
-
Thi trU'ang Bf>S phat tri~n t~o di~u ki~n phat tri~n cho cac thi trU'ang
b6 trQ' nhU' v~t li~u xay dl)'ng, trang tri nQi that, lao d<)ng trong xay
dl,J'ng ...
-
G6p phan vao Sl)' On dinh CUQC song, an sinh- xa h(>i;
-
Thuc day hoan thi~n cO' ch~ chinh sach quan ly;
-
Str d1,mg hQ'p ly va hi~u qua tai nguyen dat;
N~u phan chia tai san theo quan di~m k~ toan Ia tai san co dinh va tai san
IU'u d¢ng thi Bf>S thuoc v~ tai san co dinh, t~i cac nU'&c c6 n~n kinh t~ thi
trU'ang On dinh thi Bf>S chi~m khoang 60% gia tri, t~i cac nU'ac c6 n~n kinh
t~ chuy~n d6i giong nhU'
a nU'ac ta thi tY I~ nay cao hO'n chu y~u t~p trung
vao gia tri cua dat dai con gia tri cua cac tai san gan li~n nhU' nha may, thi~t
bi, cong trinh thi chi~m dU'ai 40% gia tri.
N~u chia Bf>S thanh hai lo~i Ia nha
a va
khong phai d~
nU'ac c6 n~n kinh t~ thi trU'ang On dinh thi nha
gia tri BfJS, khoang 15% Ia BfJS nang, lam
a chi~m
nghi~p
a,
trong nhCrng
khoang 70% t6ng
va khoang 15% con
Ia BfJS thU'O'ng m~i. dich vl,J, cong nghi~p, n~u Unh chung thi BfJS Ia nha
l~i
a
chi~m khoang 40% t6ng tai san co djnh trong n~n kinh t~ thi trU'6'ng 6n
djnh, phan tai san nay tac d<)ng rat m~nh len n~n kinh t~ va gay ra cac hi~u
(rng da chi~u len cac ITnh vl)'c khac cua n~n kinh t~ quoc dan.
Xet tren quan di~m nguOn von trl,J'c ti~p va gian ti~p. nguOn von dau tU', chi
phi v~n hanh va duy tu bao dU'cmg 88S Ia nguon von trl,J'c ti~p thong
thU'ang chi~m
tY trQng
dang k~ trong n~n kinh t~ quoc dan phl,J thu¢c vao
chu ky kinh t~ va chinh sach phat tri~n cua moi quoc gia chi~m khoang 3 11% GOP.
Ngoai ra chi tieu v~n hanh Bf>S bao gam ti~n thue, thu~. chi phi str
d1,1ng ... va chi phi bao tri Bf>S trong ngan sach h¢ gia dinh se Ia thU'ac do
8
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
chi ra khoang each giau ngheo cua moi quOc gia. Theo thOng ke chung &
nhfrng nU'&c kinh t~ kern phat tri~n cac khoang chi tren chi~m tll' 5- 10%
tOng thu nh~p cua ho, & cac nU'&c phat tri~n chi~m 25-30% tOng thu nh~p
cua ho, va t~i cac nU'&c phat tri~n cao chi~m 20 - 25% tOng thu nh~p cua
ho. N~u thu nh~p cua kinh t~ ho chi~m khoang 60 - 65% GOP thi c6 th~
k~t lu~n rang Vj tri cua chi tieu V~n hanh, duy tu, bao tri 8£>8
a cac nU'&C
kinh t~ kern phat tri~n: 3- 6% GOP, & cac nU'&c phat tri~n: 15- 20% GOP
va cac nU'&c phat tri~n: 12 -15% GOP. N~u cong ca phan vOn dau tU' vao
8£>8 chung ta se c6 ca cau cua tOng chi tieu cho 8£>8 trong GOP cua cac
nU'&c thea phan h~ng nhU' neu tren se lan IU'Q't: dU'&i 10%, 20 - 25%, 15 20% IU'U y rang cac chi sO nay chi tinh cho d~ng nha & n~u bao g6m cac
8£>8 nang, lam nghi~p, thU'O'ng m~i, djch VI,J thi CO' cau Chi phi tll' 8£>8 trong
GOP con cao han nfra.
v~ ly thuy~t. chu tai san 8£>8 khi c6 nhu cau vay vOn cho ho~t dong san
xuat kinh doanh CO th~ Slf di,Jng 8£>8 lam tai san th~ chap dam bao ChO
khoan vay, khi dU'Q'C djnh ch~ tai chinh chap thu~n cho vay thi 8£>8 v~n
dU'Q'C chu s& hll'u ho~c ngU'ai dU'Q'C quy~n sli di,Jng khai thac, v~n hanh.
NguOn vOn vay dU'Q'C dU'a vao ho~t dong san xuat kinh doanh t~o ra cua
cai, v~t chat cho xa hoi, ben vay va ben cho vay d~u hU'&ng IQ'i, v~ m~t kinh
t~ se thuc day thi trU'ang von, tin di,Jng phat tri~n. T~i cac nU'&c phat tri~n.
dU' nQ' tin di,Jng c6 tai san th~ chap Ia 8£>8 chi~m khoang 30% tOng dU' nQ'
tin di,Jng, chi~m khoang 50% gia tri 8£>8 th~ chap. (J nU'&c ta nhll'ng chi so
nay thap han nhi~u. vo hinh chung lam dong vOn ti,J' c6 cua chu s& hll'u,
h~n ch~ kha nang vay cua hQ, m~t khac vi~c djnh _gia thap 8£>8 th~ chap
se phat sinh rui ro cho cac chu s& hfru.
v~ CO' ban khi thi trU'ang 8£>8 phat tri~n. v&i h~ thOng phap lu~t quan ly tOt
thi moi giao dich se dU'Q'C dang ky va cac bentham gia thi trU'ang thi,J'c
hi~n
cac nghia vi,J thu~ se tang len g6p phan tang ngu6n thu ngan sach nha
nU'&c.
Khi thi trU'ang 8£>8 phat tri~n. khong nhfrng t~o di~u ki~n cho cac thi
trU'ang bO trQ' nhU' v~t tU', lao dong trong xay di,J'ng, thi~t k~. trang tri noi
that ... c6 di~u ki~n ph at tri~n. rna con c6 ca hoi ti~p c~n cac cong ngh~ m&i
9
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
trong kien true, xay dl,J'ng cCmg nhU' quy trinh ky thu~t, quan ly BDS ... tll'
cac doi tac lien doanh nh~m ngay m¢t hoan thi~n han.
Thi trU'ang 8£>S phat trien keo thea nhi~u dl,J' an dU'Q'C trien khai h~ tang ky
thu~t, h~ tang xa h9i cOng hinh thanh, nhung khu nha & khang trang va
ti~n
nghi han khong nhCrng t~o nen di~n m~o m&i cua cac khu do thi rna
con g6p phan to l&n trong vi~c phat trien an sinh- xa h¢i cho c¢ng dOng.
Moi tU'O'ng quan gifra h~ thong lu~t phap quan ly thi trU'ang va ban than thi
trU'ang 8£>S luon luon ton t~i quy lu~t can b~ng, di~u nay c6 the hieu r~ng:
neu CO' che lu~t nh~m quan ly thj trU'ang 8£)S "tot" se t~o d¢ng ll,J'C "tot" de
phat trien thj trU'ang va ngU'Q'C l~i neu CO' che quan ly I~C hau ho~C khong
phu hQ'p thi h~ l1,.1y se lam cho thi trU'ang phat trien l~ch l~c ho~c ch~m phat
trien, do d6 thea quan diem tac gia Sl,J' phat trien thi trU'ang 8£>S se Ia CO'
s& de hoan thi~n
ca che quan ly thong qua cac van ban phap quy ngay m¢t
hoan thi~n va thl,J'c te va phu hQ'p han.
Vai tro khac cua thi trU'ang 8£>8 Ia khi thi trU'ang phat trien xu hU'&ng gia tri
cua tai nguyen dat thong thU'ang se tang len thea thai gian (trong dai h~n),
di~U nay Se tac dQng den hanh Vi cua ngU'ai quan ly, khai thac, Slf d1,.1ng
8£)8 Ia hU'&ng t&Lsl)' Slf di,Jng hQ'p ly va hi~u qua han tai nguyen dat.
1.5
•
Cung - cAu thi trlJ'ang bAt d¢ng san
Cung thj trU'ang 8£>8 Ia toan b¢ IU'Q'ng hang h6a 8£>8 san sang dU'a ra
thi trU'ang de giao djch t~i m¢t thai diem v&i m¢t mlJ'c gia nhat din h.
v~ ly thuyet cung thi trU'ang 8£>8 chiu tac d¢ng b&i cac yeu to sau:
-
Gia 8£>8 hang h6a
-
Gia 8£>S thay the
-
Gia cac yeu to dau vao (nguyen li~u, v~t tU', lao d¢ng ... )
-
Chinh sach quy
-
Chfnh sach lai suat, tin d1,.1ng
-
Chfnh sach thue
-
Chfnh sach dau tU'
-
Thu t1,.1c hanh chfnh
-
Cong
ngh~
ho~ch
xay dl,J'ng
10
•
TH! TRU'CYNG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl,J'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
-
Yeu to tam ly ngU'ai cung Crng
-
so IU'Q'ng doanh nghiep tham gia thi trU'ang ...
BOi v&i hang h6a thong thU'ang cung hang h6a co gian
tY le thu~n v&i gia
cua n6 hay n6i each khac khi gia cua mot loc;ii hang h6a tang thi cung thi
trU'ang cua loc;ii hang h6a d6 tang va ngU'Q'C lc;ii, nhU'ng dOi vai 8£)8 hang
h6a trong ngan hc;in quy lu~t cung c6 tht§ khong dung, vi trong ngan hc;in khi
gia cua 8BS hang h6a tang thi IU'qng cung BBS hang h6a d6 hau nhU'
khong thay dOi, di~u nay c6 tht§ giai thich nhU' sau: IU'qng cung dat dai yeu
tO khong tht§ thieu cua 8£)8 Ia tai nguyen khan hiem va chju SI,J' quan ly
ch~t che cua phap lu~t. di,J' an 8BS khong tht§ cung Crng ngay san pham vi
thu ti,Jc hanh chinh ram ra, von l&n, thai gian xay di,J'ng dai. ..
v~ ly thuyet cung thi trU'ang BBS chiu tac dong cua gia cac yeu t6 dau vao
hay n6i khac di neu gia nguyen lieu, v~t tU' trong xay di,J'ng thap thi cung thi
trU'ang hang h6a BBS se tang len va khi gia cac yeu to d6 c6 xu hU'ang
tang len thi cung thi trU'ang BBS hang h6a se c6 xu hU'ang giam.
Chinh sach quy hOc;lCh, thue, lai suat, tin dl,mg .... tac dong mc;inh me len
cung thi trU'ang 8£)8 b&i vi gill'a thi trU'ang 8£)8 va thi trU'ang tai chinh c6
mOi lien thong rat m~t thiet, hau nhU' di,J' an 888 nao cOng can IU'Q'ng vOn
l&n mot phan do chinh chu dau tU' b6 ra, phan lien doanh, g6p v6n, hay
phat hanh co phieu huy dong von ttl thi trU'ang chCrng khoan phan l&n
IU'qng v6n con lc;ii phai vay cua cac dinh che tai chinh nhU' v~y ro rang
chinh sach lai suat, tin d1,mg ... c6 y nghia rat quan trong dOi vai cung thi
trU'6'ng 8BS.
M~c khac ngu6n cung 8BS phi.J thuoc vao chinh sach dau tU' vi 8BS hang
h6a c6 tht§ do cac
ca quan doanh nghiep dau tU' xay di,J'ng
von ngan sach va cac quy nha
tu cac ngu6n
a khac thuoc s& hll'u nha nU'ac, thong qua
khu VI,J'C cong nha nU'cYC di~u tiet quan he cung cau tren thi trU'ang. Ben
cc;lnh khu vi,J'c nha nU'ac ngu6n cung 8BS chu yeu hinh thanh
tu khu vl)'c
tU' nhan do cac doanh nghiep, ca nhan thi,J'c hien bang ngu6n v6n cua minh
tuan thu nhO>ng nguyen tac, quy dinh cua cac van ban phap lu~t. nha nU'ac
'
,
'
I
dieu tiet khu vi,J'c tU' nhan bang chinh sach quy hoc;lch, cac quy dinh va tieu
chuan xay di,J'ng. Thi,J'c te cho thay rang khi he thOng cac van ban phap quy
11
TH! TRU'ONG BAT fJ0NG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
cimg khong ch~t che va dong bo thi h~ lt,~y Ia hoc;~t dong phi chinh thll'c hay
gQi each khac Ia thj trU'ang ngam se cang tang dan dem h«;~n ch~ Sl,J' phat
tri~n cua thi trU'ang B£>S tren toan ct,~c. Nguon cung khac khong th~ thi~u
tren thi trU'ang B£>S d6 Ia tai nguyen d~t & nU'&c ta do hi~n phap quy d!nh
d~t dai Ia tai san cua toan dan, nha nU'&c Ia CO' quan d~i di~n quan ly do d6
nguon cung B£>S pht,J thuoc rflt l&n vao chfnh sach quy ho~ch su dt,~ng dat
cua h~ thOng chinh tri hay quy~t d!nh phan c~p cua chinh quyt\n dia
phU'O'ng ban hanh.
•
Cau thi trU"ang B£>S Ia toan bo IU'Q'ng B£>S hang h6a rna ngU'ai tieu dung
san san ch~p nh~n va c6 kha nang thanh toan t~i mot thai di~m v&i mot
mCrc gia nh~t djnh
GiCPa nhu cau va cau thj trU'ang B£>S c6 Sl,J' khac bi~t vt\ quy mo, ph~m vi va
d6i tU'Q'ng xu~t hi~n. nhu cau thU'ang xu~t hi~n v&i quy mo l&n va tren ph~m
vi rong v&i t~t ca dOi tU'Q'ng. NhU'ng cau thl)'c t~ tren thi trU'ang l~i khong
hoan toan trung kh&p do c6 nhCPng nhu cau khong c6 kha nang thanh toan,
IU'Q'ng nhu cau nay khong tr& thanh cau tren thi trU'ang, c6 nhfrng ca nhan
khong c6 nhu cau Slr dt,Jng nhU'ng nhU'ng c6 IU'Q'ng tit\n nhan r6i san sang
mua B£>S dau CO' ki~m IQ'i tr& thanh ll)'c IU'Q'ng cau xu~t hi~n tren thj trU'ang.
Vi v~y cau thi trU'ang Ia phc;~m tru c6 quan h~ ch~t che v&i nhu cau, kha
nang thanh toan va dit\u ki~n ho~t dong cua thi trU'ang.
Cau thi trU'ang B£>S hinh thanh tren nhCPng dit\u ki~n sau:
- Sl! xu~t hi~n cua nhu cau tieu dung vt\ mot d~ng B£>S nao d6 rna nhu
cau d6 khong th~ tl,J' thea man bang cac quy B£>S san c6 chinh ban
than hQ.
- Phai c6 cac nguon ll)'c tai chinh d~ dam bao kha nang thanh toan cho
CaC nhu cau nay, chi khi CO cac nguon ll)'C tai chinh cho thanh toan thi
nhu cau m&i dU'Q'C chuy~n thanh cau tren thj trU'ang
- Tinh ch~t va dit\u ki~n cua thi trU'ang t~o nen cO' hoi cho nhfrng ngU'ai
dau CO' cha B£>S tang gia d.§ ki~m lai
- Phai c6 thi trU'ang Ia moi trU'ang d~ nhu cau c6 kha nang thanh toan,
tr& thanh cau thl,J'C.
12
•
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THI)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
Cau thi trU'ang 8£)5 c6 nhi~u lo~i khac nhau song IU'Q'ng cau v~ dat dai va
nha
a chi~m tY trong l&n nhat, cau thi trU'ang dat dai bao g6m dat dai cho
san xuat, aat cong nghiep, giao thong, CaC cong trinh COng cong, djch Vl,J, du
ljch, cau v~ dat xay dl,J'ng cac lo~i nha va cac cong trinh xay dl!ng
khac ... cau thi trU'ang v~ nha dat xuat hien rong rai va soi dong nhat tren thi
trU'ang 885. Tren thi trU'ang nha dat ngoai cau thi trU'ang nha dat thong
thU'ang con xuat hien cau gia t~o cua nhfrng nha kinh doanh 885, di~u nay
lam tang gia t~o nhu cau v~ nha
a lam cang th~ng trong quan he cung cau
va he ll,Jy Ia gia 88S tang, giam dot bi~n t~i nhling thai di~m nhat djnh.
Nhling y~u tO tac dong d~n cau thi trU'ang 885 Ia:
-
Gia cua 88S hang h6a
-
Quy mo dan so
- Thu
nh~p
cua dan CU'
ho~ch,
-
Chfnh sach quy
do thi h6a
-
Chfnh sach trn dt,Jng
-
Chfnh sach thu~
-
Y~u to tam ly ngU'ai tieu dung
-
so IU'Q'ng nha dau ca, dau tU', ngU'ai mua
-
Thi hi~u ngU'ai tieu dung ...
Sl,J' gia tang v~ dan sO Ia ap ll,J'c l&n lam gia tang v~ nhu cau v~ nha
a va
data, khi dan so tang con tang them nhu cau v~ san xuat, thU'ang m~i.
djch Vl,J ... tang ap ll,J'C nhu cau v~ 885. Thu nh~p tang Ia di~u kien CO' ban
d~ nang cao chat IU'c;>'ng cuoc sOng, nhu cau v~ nha
a,
dat
a va
ho~t
dong san xuat tang len dang k~. Chfnh sach quy ho~ch, do thi h6a tac
dong rat l&n len cau thi trU'ang vi ai cOng muOn sOng trong khu Vl,J'C c6 h~
tang ky thu~t. xa hoi on dinh, co moi trU'ang sOng trong lanh, canh quan
tOt. .. m~c khac chfnh sach thu~ va trn dl,Jng cOng tac dong khong nh6 d~n
cau thi trU'ang 885, khi c6 chfnh sach ho trQ' v~ lai suat hay
rna cll'a trn
dl,Jng cho thi trU'ang 8£)5 ' thi trU'ang se c6 nhfrng phan (fng t(fc thai va
cau thi trU'ang se tang len ro ret. Qua trinh do thi h6a
trinh
~p
trung khu dan CU' va
rna
a nU'cYC ta Ia qua
rong khong gian do thj khong chi gia
tang cau thi trU'ang rat l&n v~ nha. a do thi rna con cac cong trinh ki~n
13
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THV'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
true chuc nang nhU' cao 6c van phong, khach s~m. thU'O'ng mc;1i, djch
Vl,J ... m~C khac thj hi~U CU8 ngU'ai tieU dung
Ve ket cau hi;~ tang, kieU mau
BflS ... tac dong d~n cau thj trU'ang BflS.
1.6
Quan hf) cung - ciu thi tnrang bit dc)ng san
Trang thj trU'ang Cc;inh tranh thong thU'ang gia ca cua hang h6a se di~u
ti~t cung cau, n~u gia cua mot loc;li hang h6a tang len se "kich thich" cung
lam cho IU'Q'ng cung cua hang h6a d6 c6 xu hU'&ng tang len, nhU'ng gia
tang se tac dong d~n IU'Q'ng cau se giam va ngU'Q'C lc;ii khi gia giam cau thj
trU'ang c6 xu hU'&ng tang nhU'ng IU'Q'ng cung thi trU'ang cua hang h6a d6
se c6 xu hU'&ng giam. Tc;ii mot thai di~m khao sat v~ dc;1ng hang h6a cung
va cau tU'O'ng tac nhau va hinh thanh gia can b~ng va san IU'Q'ng can
b~ng, nhU'ng thea ly thuy~t cung va cau chju tac dong b&i rflt nhi~u y~u t6
nen gia can b~ng se thay d6i va hinh thanh gia can b~ng m&i. Do d6 khi
quan sat gia thj trU'ang cua mot loc;1i hang h6a BflS tc;1i mot thai di~m
ngU'ai ta dU'a ra nh~n xet v~ quan h~ cung cau va phan tich nhCPng y~u t6
tac dong len chung nh~m tim ra nhCPng giai phap thich hQ'p hU'&ng t&i t6i
U'U h6a hOc;it dong san xuat kinh doanh cua minh.
NhU'ng BBS Ia hang h6a d~c bi~t vi nguon cung tai nguyen dat vlia hCfu
hc;1n vua chju Sl,J' quan ly ch~t che cua h~ th6ng phap lu~t. cong trinh BBS
dU'Q'C thi~t k~, xay dl,J'ng trong thai gian tU'O'ng df>i dai. .. tac dong d~n Sl,J'
co gian cua cung thi trU'ang BBS tuy thai hc;1n khac nhau.
Trang ng~n hc;1n: cung thj trU'ang BBS thong thU'ang khong co gian, do d6
gia can bc\ng cua BflS_ d6 ve ly thuyet chi phl,J thuoc vao cau thj trU'ang
CUa n6, cau tang thi gia tang va ngU'Q'C lc;ii
Trang dai hc;1n: Cung thj trU'ang se dieu chinh thea tin hi~u tCP thj trU'ang
nen cung co gian t6t hO'n dan d~n bien do thay d6i ve gia tr& nen can
b~ng hO'n.
14
TH! TRU'ONG BAT fl0NG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
1.7
Quan
ly nha nlJ'ac vi! thi trlJ'C1ng bAt d()ng san
Nhll'ng nc;>i dung chu y~u cua quan ly nha nU'&c v~ thi trU'ang B£>S:
Ban hanh h~ thOng van ban phap lu~t lam CO' sa quan ly thi trU'ang
0
B£>S
B£>S tham gia hau h~t cac quan h~ kinh t~ xa h9i do d6 c6 rat nhi~u
van ban phap quy dU'Q'C ban hanh chi phOi d~n ho~t dc;>ng cua thi
trU'ang B£>S nhU': Lu~t oat dai, Lu~t kinh doanh B£>S, Lu~t xay di,J'ng,
Lu~t nha
a, cac lu~t thu~ lien quan d~n sll' d1,mg, chi~m hll'u va sll'
d1,mg a at dai B£>S ... Cung v&i h~ thOng van ban dU'&i lu~t nhU' phap
l~nh, nghi djnh, thong tU', chi thj ... c1,1 th~ h6a hU'&ng dan thi hanh
cac lu~t tren. Vi~c ban hanh cac van ban phap lu~t nay thi,J'c hi~n
tren tieu chi dOng be;>, phu hc;rp v&i chi~n IU'Q'C phat tri~n kinh t~-xa h9i
nU'&c ta trU'&c m~t va lau dai va quan trong nhat Ia dam bao tinh
thi,J'c thi trong cuc;>c sOng.
o
Xay di,J'ng cac chi~n IU'Q'C nham phat tri~n thi trU'ang B£>S
Vi~c quy ho~ch Slr di,Jng oat, chinh sach thu~ va thu ti,JC hanh chinh
Ia nhCrng cong CI,J quan trong qw3n ly nha nU'&c trong chi~n IU'Q'C phat
tri~n thi trU'ang B£>S., n~u chi~n IU'Q'c ro rang va hai hoa cho cac chu
th~ tham gia thj trU'cmg thi hi~u qua kinh t~ - xa hQi cua chi~n IU'Q'C
phat tri~n thi trU'ang B£>S se c6 tinh kha thi cao.
o
Ki~m soat giao djch B£>S
Vi B£>S Ia hang h6a d~c bi~t do d6 theo lu~t kinh doanh B£>S cac chu
th~ kinh doanh, djch VI,J v~ B£>S phai qua dao t~o (chll'ng chi himh
ngh~). cac giao djch B£>S can thi~t phai qua san giao djch nham hi;in
ch~ rui ro cho cac bentham gia thi trU'ang dOng thai giam thi~u cac
tranh chap, khi~u ki~n phat sinh c6 lien quan d~n giao djch. M~t khac
vi~c ki~m soat thi trU'ang B£>S se h~n ch~ giao djch ngam tang
nguOn thu cho ngan sach nha nU'&C, h~n ch~ n~n aau CO' lOng doi;in
thj trU'ang gay nhll'ng CO'n sot CI,JC bQ V~ gia de dQa SI,J' phat tri~n on
ainh toan h~ thOng cua n~n kinh t~.
M~t khac thong qua san giao djch h~ thOng thong tin, dang ky
chuy~n djch 8£>S tlJ' di~n tich, chu quy~n, gia ca ... cOng ·dU'Q'C c~p
15
•
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THV'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
nh~t. day chinh Ia ngu5n dCr lieu chinh thOng v~ thong tin thi trU'ang
BBS, lam cO'
sa de cac nha quan ly dU'a ra nhO'ng chinh sach m6'i
phCJ hQ'p hO'n de kich thich phat trien thj trU'ang, nha d~IU tU' va cac
cong ty cung l.fng djch vu tham d!nh gia c6 the ti~p ~n ngu5n dCr lieu
dang tin
T6m
CO'
c~y
trong qua trinh tac nghiep.
tit chU'O'ng 1.
sa ly lu~n v~ BBS va thi trU'ang BBS c6 cac noi dung chinh
sau:
Ngoai cac khai niem v~ BBS va thi trU'ang Bf>S tac gia phan lo~i thi
trU'ang trU'ang theo 5 d~ng quan diem khac nhau, va nh~n d~ng 6 d~c
diem CO' ban cua thi trU'ang BBS. Trong chU'O'ng cCmg d~ ~P d~n 7 vai
tro cua thi trU'ang BBS dOi v&i kinh t~ - xa hoi cua nU'6'c ta, 11 y~u tO tac
dong d~n cung thi trU'ang va 9 y~u tO tac dong d~n cau thi trU'ang BBS,
dOng thai phan tich v~ cac quan he cung c~u hinh thanh gia can b~ng
tren thi trU'ang BBS. 3 chl.fc nang chu y~u trong cong tac quan ly nha
nU'&c dOi v&i thi trU'ang BBS nhU' ban hanh chinh sach, djnh hU'&ng
chi~n IU'Q'C va kiem soat thi trU'ong cOng dU'Q'C he thOng trong ph~n cO'
sa ly lu~n.
Thi trU'ong BBS mang tinh khu vl,J'c, Sl! phat trien cua thi trU'ang BBS t~i
TP HCM khong ngo~i le, thi trU'ang cua thanh phO c6 nhCrng c6 nhfrng
d~c
thu rieng so v&i thi trU'ang BBS chung tren ca nU'&c, nhCrng
thu~n
IQ'i cOng nhU' kh6 khan va ti~m nang phat trien cOng khac, do d6 viec
nghien cl.fu v~ thi trU'ong BBS TP HCM se khao sat v~ cac van d~ neu
tren
a chU'O'ng 2.
16
TH! TRU'ONG BAT DONG SAN TP.HCM- THl)'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
ChU'ang 2. THV'C T~NG THI TRLICYNG BAT DQNG SAN TP HCM
La thanh phO nang d()ng va phat triem nhat tren ca nU'&c, TP HCM c6 thi
trU'cmg B£>S dang tren da phat trien va dU'Q'C danh gia rat giau ti~m nang,
nhU'ng cung c6 nhi~u bat c~p, nham dinh hU'&ng phat trien thi trU'erng tot hO'n
can nh~n th(.rc ro hO'n V~ tht,J'C trc;mg CUa n6.
2.1. TOng quan
v6 thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh
Thanh phO H6 Chi Minh c6 di~n tich: 2.095,239 km 2 nam trong to~ d() dja ly
khoang 10° 10' - 10° 38 vi d() b~c va 106° 22' - 106°54 'kinh d() dong, trem h~
IU'u song £>6ng Nai va song Sai G6n. Phia B~c giap tinh Binh DU'O'ng, Tay B~c
giap tinh Tay Ninh, £>ong va £>ong B~c giap tinh £>6ng Nai, £>ong Nam giap
tinh Ba Ria -Vung Tau, Tay va Tay Nam giap tinh Long An va Ti~n Giang. V&i
dan sO khoang 6,3 tri~u ngU'eri ( chi~m 6,6 % dan sO ca nU'&c ) trong d6 dan
noi thi: 4,8 tri~u ngU'eri, tOe d() tang dan sO binh quan khoang 1oo.ooo
ngU'eri/nam,
tY I~ tang dan so binh quan: 3,4% nam trong d6 tang tt,J' nhien:
1,3
% nam. v~ quan ly hanh chinh thanh phO c6 24 qu~n. huy~n trong d6 c6 13
qu~n cu chi~m 140 km 2 (6,7% di~n tich) 6 qu~n m&i chi~m 361 km 2 (17,3 %
di~n tich) va 5 huy~n 1603 km 2 (76% di~n tich). C()ng d6ng CU' dan thanh phO
bao g6m cac dan toe Vi~t. Hoa, KhO'me, Cham ...
Thanh phO HO Chi Minh each thu do Ha N()i gan 1.730km dU'erng b(), nama
nga tU' quOc t~ giCra cac con dU'erng hang hai tll' B~c xuOng Nam, tll' £>ong
sang Tay, Ia tam diem cua khu vl)'c £>ong NamA. Trung tam thanh phO each
ber bien £>ong 50 km dU'erng chim bay. £>ay Ia dau mOi giao thong nOi li~n cac
tinh trong vung va Ia cll'a ngo quOc t~. V&i h~ thOng cang va san bay l&n nhat
ca nU'&c, cang Sai G6n v&i nang suat ho~t d()ng 10 tri~u tan /nam. San bay
quOc t~ Tan SO'n Nhat each trung tam thanh phO khoang 7km. c6 cong suat
ho~t d()ng hang tri~u IU'c;>'t khach/nam va tan suat v~n chuyen cung nhU' trung
chuyen l&n nhat nU'&c.
Sai Gon c6 xU'a dU'Q'c thanh l~p tll' nam 1623, nhU'ng t&i nam 1698, Chua
Nguy~n m&i ell' ThOng soai Nguy~n HCru Canh vao kinh IU'Q'c dat phU'O'ng
nam, khai sinh ra thanh phO SaiGon. Nam 1911, Sai Gon Ia nO'i Chu tich H6
17
TH! TRU'CYNG BAT BONG SAN TP.HCM- THV'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
Chi Minh ra di tim dU'ang cll'u nU'ac, khi dflt nU'&c th6ng nhflt, Qu6c Hoi khoa
VI hQp ngay 2.7.1976 da chinh thLI'c doi tem Sai Gon Ia thanh pho Ho Chi
Minh.
Sai Gon - Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh Ia mot thanh pho tre, v&i han 300 nam hinh
thanh va phat tri~n. thanh pho c6 rat nhieu cong trinh ki~n true co, nhieu di tich
va h~ th6ng bao tang phong phu.
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.
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H. tHO GAO
~
Hinh 1. Ban do TP HCM nguon
18
Ty Lt 1: 2$0100
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...... ._.. ...