Nghiên cứu công tác quản lý khai thác và bảo trì kết cấu hạ tầng giao thông đường bộ trên địa bàn thành phố hà nội tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS

TRAN TRUNG KIEN

RESEARCHING THE MANAGEMENT OF EXPLOITATION
AND MAINTENANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE IN HANOI CITY

MAJOR: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
CODE: 9.58.03.02

SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION
FOR DOCTOR OF ECONOMICS

HANOI, 2019


The dissertation is completed at the University of Transport
and Communications

SUPERVISORS:
1. Prof.Dr.Sc. Nghiem Van Dinh
2. Dr. Nguyen Quynh Sang

Reviewer 1:
Reviewer 2:
Reviewer 3:

The dissertation will be defended to the university - level Doctorate
Committee at the University of Transport and Communications

Time: ....................date ............ month ........... year........

The dissertation can be found at:
-

The university’s library

-

The National Library


1
INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale
Hanoi is the socio-economic, political center of the whole country.
However, in the past years, the city has seen some limitations in the
management of exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
such as overlaps in the management of road transportation infrastructure and
other technical infrastructures, lack of initiative in the prevention and
mending damage, insufficient budgets, road transportation corridor
encroached, slow progress of application of Information technology and new
construction technology.
The number of researches on exploitation management and maintenance
of road transport infrastructure is very limited. For Hanoi, a socio-economic
center, the topic on “Researching the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in the city” becomes increasingly
necessary.
2. Research objectives
Evaluating the management of exploitation, management of maintenance

of road transport infrastructure, based on which to propose some solutions to
improve the two areas above in Hanoi city.
3. Research subjects and scope
3.1. Research subjects
The management of exploitation and the maintenance of road transport
infrastructure in city under the central government implemented by the road
transportation agency.
3.2. Research scope
Space: The research is conducted in Hanoi city area.
Content: There are a number of topics and issues in the exploitation
management and the maintenance of road transportation infrastructure. In this
dissertation, the author only focuses on some following areas:
 The exploitation management: To research the management of
construction engineering, transport safety management. Transport
safety management is a big issue that requires a separate research, this
dissertation only studies the transport safety management in big cities
to serve the researching of other contents of the dissertations such as


2
identifying the portfolio of exploitation and maintenance
management. Developing price frame of exploitation and maintenance
management, it doesn’t mention particular solutions for transport
safety management.
 Maintenance management: Researching the management of
implementation methods, capital management, science and
technology management.
In big cities, the road transport system includes static and dynamic
transport systems. However, the dissertation only focuses on the dynamic one
including: road, road bridge and road tunnel managed by the Hanoi Transport

Department.
Researching the management of construction engineering, transport
safety management since 2011, proposing solutions to 2025 and a vision until
2030.
4. Scientific and practical significance
4.1. Scientific significance
The dissertation systemizes and elaborates the theoretical basis on the
exploitation management and the maintenance of road transportation
infrastructure. It also gives objective and scientific evaluation on the real
situation of the exploitation management and the maintenance of road
transportation infrastructure in the city during the past years. The dissertation
clearly identifies main contents regarding the above research issues, factors
affecting them in big cities.
4.2. Practical significance
The dissertation analyses, evaluates the real situation of the exploitation
management and the maintenance of road transportation infrastructure
management in Hanoi city since 2011 with the areas: management of
construction engineering, traffic safety management, implementation method
management, capital management, science and technology management;
points out successes and drawbacks and causes.
Based on those analysis and evaluation, the author proposes practical and
feasible solutions.
5. Structure of the dissertation
Apart from the introduction and conclusion, list of compositions the


3
author announced, references, annexes, the dissertation consists of 4 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of researches related to the topic of the dissertation
and methodology.

Chapter 2: Rationale and international experience in management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure.
Chapter 3: The real situation of the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city.
Chapter 4: Solutions to improve the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city.
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHES RELATED TO THE TOPIC
AND METHODOLOGY
1.1. Overseas researches
1.1.1. On traffic safety management
Just mainly focus on researching traffic demand management, solutions
to reduce traffic congestion, road safety ensurance.
1.1.2. On management of implementation methods
Researches on contract on road maintenance according to performance
quality (PBC contract)
1.1.3. Capital management
Researches have shown that it is necessary to move forwards diversifying
capital sources and prioritizing private sector
1.1.4. On management of science and technology
Researches on application of technological solutions to vehicle flows
management (smart traffic), development of IT software on road data
management, supervision of construction status.
1.2. Local researches
1.2.1. On traffic safety management
Researches on solutions to improve road safety
1.2.2. On management of implementation methods
Evaluating the implementation of PBC contract in Vietnam, development
of criteria set to assess road maintenance quality.
1.2.3. Capital management

4
Researches on solutions to mobilize and use capitals for road
maintenance.
1.2.4. On management of science and technology
Developing orientations and missions for science and technology
application
1.3. Conclusion from the overview and the research gap of the topic.
1.3.1. Conclusion from the overview of researches
Researches conducted at different levels and aspects have covered some
areas of management of expolitation and maintenance of road transport
infrastructure such as maintenance contract, mobilizing capital for
maintenance, ensuring traffic safety, science and technology application.
1.3.2. Research gap related to the topic
Firstly, on the researching perspective, researches have only focuses on
one area of management of exploitation or management of maintenance of
road transport infrastructure. There has not been any works that researches
comprehensively all areas of traffic safety management, implementation
method management, capital management, science and technology
management.
Secondly, on research scope, almost all researches have only focused on
road in general and national highway in particular in the whole country, are
yet to focus on a particular region or an area.
Thirdly, there is yet to have any research on management of expolitation
and maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi alone.
1.4. Research missions
Firstly, it is necessary to systemise and clearify the theoretical and
practical basis of the management of expolitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure.

Secondly, it is necessary to objectively and scientifically analyse, evaluate
the real situation of management of expolitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure in Hanoi in recent years; point out successes,
drawbacks and causes.
Thirdly, proposing some solutions to overcome the drawbacks.
1.5. Methodology
In the dissertation, the following researching methods are used:


5
systemizing, analyzing,
collection.

comparing,

sociology investigation,

statistics

CHAPTER 2
RATIONALE AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN
MANAGEMENT OF EXPLOITATION AND MAINTENANCE OF
ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
2.1. Road transport infrastructure and its exploitation and maintenance
2.1.1. Road transport infrastructure
2.1.1.1. Overview of road transport infrastructure
Road transport infrastructure forms part of transport infrastructure,
including: road, road bridge, road tunnel, parking space, car park, traffic
safety corridor [43].
2.1.1.2. Concepts, characteristics of urban road transport infrastructure.

a, Concept of urban road transport infrastructure
Urban road transport infrastructure is established in cities to serve
people’s mobility as well as economic exchanges by road transport in the city
[21].
b, Characteristics of urban road transport infrastructure
- Besides functioning as transporting, it is the place to arrange public
constructions, identify boundaries…
- Alongside the road lies construction works, requiring highly on
environmental sanitation and sense. In the streets, many infrastructure works
on and under the ground are situated.
2.1.2. Exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
2.1.2.1. Exploitation of road transport infrastructure
a, Concepts of road transport infrastructure exploitation
Road transport infrastructure exploitation is viewed as all activities
related to operation of road transport infrastructure according to the
exploitation process and capacity maintenance to bring about benefits for
people, society and the country.
The purpose of road transport infrastructure exploitation is to bring about
benefits for people and the country regarding transport, mobility and life
quality improvement.


6
b, Contents of activities concerning road transport infrastructure exploitation
Including 4 following contents: guarantee of road transport infrastructure,
management of the exploitation to ensure quality and traffic safety order;
maintenance of road transport infrastructure; traffic organization [32].
The dissertation only focuses on researching two contents:
- Management of road transport infrastructure to ensure quality and
traffic safety order.

- Maintenance of road transport infrastructure.
2.1.2.2. Maintenance of road transport infrastructure
a, Concept of road transport infrastructure maintenance
Road transport infrastructure maintenance is the work to ensure and
maintain its normal operation, safety of the construction according to the
requirements of the design.
b, Contents of road transport infrastructure maintenance
The maintenance may consist of one, some or all work items: sight,
quality test, maintenance and mending [15].
2.2. Management of exploitation and management of maintenance of
road transport infrastructure
2.2.1. Management of exploitation of road transport infrastructure
2.2.1.1. Concept of management of exploitation of road transport
infrastructure
It is an activity in the exploitation to use the construction works whose
nature is the overall effects from the management subject on the exploitation
to use the works through using tools, methods and management system to
impact the exploitation activities to make sure the construction works operates
according to design, ensuring traffic safety order.
2.2.1.2. Objectives of road transport infrastructure exploitation management.
To ensure smooth traffic and safety; ensuring capacity through
construction works; serve mobility and transport demand, saving costs.
2.2.1.3. Contents of road transport infrastructure exploitation management in
big cities
The management of road transport infrastructure exploitation concerns
many subjects: road management agency, investor, enterprises managing the
exploitation… Therefore it may be seen differently by each subject whose


7

perspectives are not alike. After researching the documents [15], [20], [32],
[40], [45], [55], in the author’s opinion, road transport infrastructure
exploitation management consists of the following contents: administration
management and management of road transport infrastructure asset
protection; Management of information and supervision system; management
of fees collection; management and development of services; management of
construction engineering; traffic safety management.
In the research scope of the dissertation, the author only focuses on
researching the following contents: management of construction engineering,
traffic safety management.
Those are issues that have not been studied in a particular locality.
Besides, traffic safety management is in reality the biggest problem in the
management of exploitation of road transport infrastructure.
2.2.2. Management of maintenance of road transport infrastructure
2.2.2.1. Concepts of management of maintenance of road transport
infrastructure
It is an activity in the exploitation to use the construction works whose
nature is the overall effects from the management subject on the maintenance
through using methods and management system to make sure the construction
works operates according to design.
2.2.2.2. Objectives of management of maintenance of road transport
infrastructure
Maintain technical status and level of the construction; fix damage,
ensuring traffic capacity according to design and traffic safety; prevent
downgrading and ensure the longevity of the construction.
2.2.2.3. Contents of maintenance of road transport infrastructure
management in big cities
The maintenance of road transport infrastructure management may be
viewed differently according to different managing subjects. From the
perspective of the managing subject as the road transport agency and after

studying the documents [15], [20], [32], [40], [45], [55], in the author’s
opinion, the management of maintenance of road transport infrastructure
contains the following contents:
a, Management of methods of maintenance: It is the method the subject


8
manages the implementation of maintenance plan to reach the maintenance
objectives
* Methods of maintenance
Maintenance of road transport infrastructure is one of the public service
manufacturing and supplying areas, which is done by plan assignment, order
and procurement.
b, Management of capital for maintenance : Identifying capital demand
according plan, seeking mibilisation sources and managing the use of capital
effectively.
c, Science and technology management: Researching the application of
science and technology advance to improve the maintenance of road transport
infrastructure management.
d, Management of maintenance quality: To make sure maintenance work is
done acoording to plan, process, meeting demands on quality and safety.
In its research scope, the dissertation only focuses on the following
contents: implementation method management, management of capital for
maintenance,science and technology management.
2.2.3. The relation between management of exploitation and management
of maintenance of road transport infrastructure
Management of exploitation and management of maintenance of road
transport infrastructure unify in objectives and management organisation
system.
2.2.4. Characteristics of management of exploitation and maintenance of

road transport infrastructure.
2.2.4.1. General characteristics of the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure
- Including different management items and requiring a close cordination
from the Central agencies to localities, from State management to enterprise
management [33].
- It needs frequently conducting to ensure safe and smooth exploitation of
road transport infrastructure.
2.2.4.2. Characteristics of management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructurein big cities
- In big cities, there are often conflicts with daily traffic activities because


9
they not only implement the maintenance but also have to ensure smooth and
safe traffic flows.
- It is required that the equipment be specially designed, diversified in
kinds, highly capable to do the maintenance in narrow streets.
- Alongside the roads are business shops, which easily leads to illegal use
of roads, pavements to do business, making it difficult to ensuring traffic
safety and the street’s beauty.
- Because it requires the collaboration of many agencies such as energy,
telecommunications, water supply and sewerage, it takes time for
administrative procedures and may cause the maintenance to be done behind
schedule and traffic safety affected.
2.2.5. The necessity of management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure
In order to maintain the safe exploitation status and ensure the life of road
transport infrastructure, it is compulsory to conduct the maintenance
according to standard process and make sure the exploitation is done in

coherence with traffic safety.
2.2.6. Contracts on management of exploitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure.
2.2.6.1. Contract based on implementation volume.
The agency in charge of management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure is responsible for the jobs required by the road
management agency and the accptance, liquidation by Quarter based on
implmentation volume and unit price set.
2.2.6.2. Performance Based Contract
Perfomance based Contract is also called lump sum contract, the payment
is decided based on the satisfaction of set criteria on results and quality.
2.2.7. Criteria to evaluate the management of exploitation and maintenance
of road transport infrastructure
- Evaluate the management of construction engineering: Comparing the
results with the regulations in the standards of technical maintenance [55],
operation management [15].
- Evaluate the traffic safety management: Comparing the results with the
regulations in legal documents on management and protection of road


10
transport infrastructure asset, management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure.
- Evaluate the management of implementation methods: Reviewing the
effectiveness brought by the methods and modes of contract.
- Evaluate the management of capital: Seeking and mobilising new
supplement capital sources.
- Evaluate the management of science and technology: Through the level
of application of new construction technology, new material; investment of
machine, modern equipment; application of IT in the management process.

2.2.8. Organisation structure of management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure
2.2.8.1. Concepts of Organisation structure of management of exploitation
and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
Organisation is one of the important functions of management related to
developing managing mechanism. In the development of managing
mechanism, the core issue is to establish organisation structure.
2.2.8.2. Principles to establish organisation structure of management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
Abide by popular rules and consider particular rules applicable to
charateristics of exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
2.3. Factors affecting management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure in big cities
- Objective factors: natural conditions, socio-economic features,
mechanism, policies and regulations on management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure
- Subjective factors: decentralisation of managment, quality of survey,
design, construction, capital, science and technology, capabilities of the
agancy in charge, implementation methods.
2.4. Experience in management of exploitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure in some big cities in the world and lessons
learned
2.4.1. Experience in management of exploitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure in some big cities in the world
2.4.1.1. Hong Kong special administrative region.


11
Application of public-private partnership to projects on maintenance,
upgrading of road system instead of traditional procurement.

2.4.1.2. Seoul city (Korea)
Combination between the State and private sector to mobilise investment
capital and transfer the management of exploitation and maintenance to the
private sector to take over.
2.4.1.3. British Columbia (Canada)
It is the pioneer in implementing Performance based contract on
maintenance of road transport. The contract is awarded through competitive
procurement.
2.4.1.4. New South Wales State (Australia)
Applying the two types of performance-based contract: Normal and
mixed contract. The PBC contract is the combination between lump sum and
price based contract.
2.4.2. Lesson learned about management of exploitation and maintenance
of road transport infrastructure for Hanoi city.
Firstly, distinguish the State management responsibilities carried by the
State management agencies with the provision of management of exploitation
and maintenance of road transport infrastructure done by contractors.
Secondly, to organize procurement to select an agency to implement
management of exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
Thirdly, applying performance based contract in the management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
Fourth, to attract economic subjects qualified to participate in the
management of exploitation and maintenance, diversifying income flows from
road transport infrastructure asset.
Fifth, applying IT and telecommunications advances in connecting those
participating in traffic, means of transport, transport infrastructure to become
an information and telecommunication network to ease traffic congestion,
save time and cost of traveling, fully exploit the current transport
infrastructure.

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CHAPTER 3
REAL SITUATION OF MANAGEMENT OF EXPLOITATION AND
MAINTENANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
IN HANOI CITY

3.1. The real situation of road transport infrastructure
3.1.1. Overview of Hanoi
The city has favorable natural conditions for socio-economic
development, especially it is paid special attention to by the Government and
attracts large capital for road transport infrastructure.
3.1.2. The real situation of transport system and road transport
infrastructure
3.1.2.1. Overview of Hanoi’s transport system
Hanoi has a transport system with various means of transport for road,
railway, waterway and airway.
3.1.2.2. Road transport infrastructure in Hanoi.
a, Road construction system in Hanoi
Consisting of roads, road bridges, road tunnels and other road
construction works
b, Static traffic system
The inner city has the total of 150 public parking places with the area of
272.370 m2 accounting for 1,2% urban land area. The area for car park makes
up 28% of the total land area for static traffic [66].
3.1.3. Comments on Hanoi road transport infrastructure
- The road transport network is not perfect to produce a systematic
network.
- Land area serving transport increases 0,3%-0,5% on average but it is
still very insufficient, currently accounting for 8,65% of the urban land

whereas the reasonable proportion for a modern city is 20-26 % [21], [53].
3.2. Overview of the management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city.
3.2.1. Legal foundation for the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city
Some documents are not timely revised, contents in the documents are
not uniform, specilally ones about maitenance fees.


13
3.2.2. Organisation system of the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure
3.2.2.1. Organisation structure of the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure
The Hanoi Department of Transport is the State management agency in
transport area in the city. The Commitee for maintaining transport
infrastructure construction is an organisation directly under the Department
and is responsible for the management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure.
3.2.2.2. Decentralisation of management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure
The city manages the exploitation and maintenance of road, roadside (not
including pavement) of all routes invested by the city. Districts, suburban
districts manages the exploitation and maintenance of alleys and all
pavements in the area [65].
3.2.2.3. The process of management of exploitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure
The Hanoi Department of Transport is responsoble for assigning
construction works to the Commitee for managing the exploitation and
maintenance. The units taking on management of exploitation and

maintenance will be placed an order.
3.3. The real situation of management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure
3.3.1. Real situation of management of exploitation of road transport
infrastructure.
3.3.1.1. Construction engineering management
a, Dossier management
The management is still manually done, dossiers are stored in metal
trunk, Softwares for dossier management are not present, making it difficult
for reference because of the huge amount of records.
b, Construction technical status management
Examining the construction works according to the road maintenance
standards [55], [4] and the real situation to understand the construction status.
The types of examination are mainly frequent examination, periodical


14
examination and unexpected one.
3.3.1.2. Traffic safety management
a, Management of road safety corridor
The violation of road safety corridor has become increasingly
complicated; pavement abuse, business in roadways, building houses, shops in
ladm reserved for roadways; hanging advertisements that hinder
visibility...causing traffic safety disorder and affecting urban beauty.
b, Traffic investigation
Conducted according to real contract.
c, On duty to ensure smooth traffic
Implemented in accordance with the regulations on prevention,
combating and overcoming consequences from floods, storms in road
transport field.

3.3.2. The real situation of management of maintenance of road transport
infrastructure
3.3.2.1. Management of implementation methods
a, Planning the maintenance
Plans are only made for the next year, lack of medium and long term
plans; unscientific foundation for making plans, lacking data, the evaluation
of construction quality is done mainly by observation. The assessment on
construction to serve the maintenance plan making is not frequently done.
b, Implementation of maintenance plan.
- From 2014 backwards
The maintenance plans were carried out by the Maintenance Committee
by placing order.
- From 2015 to now:
Apart from placing order, procurement has also been introduced for some
routes in the outskirt.
c, Types of contract
Volume based contract is applied in the management of maintenance.
3.3.2.2. Science and technology management
a, Application of technology
Common activities like road sanitation, grass cutting, concrete spraying
are often done manually. When dealing with tasks like pot hole fixing,


15
resurfacing roadway,outdated materials and equipment are used, affecting the
aesthetics.
b, Application of information technology.
Data and statistic have not been systemised and encoded by IT, stored in
paper or Excel, making it difficult for reference, updating and plan making.
3.3.2.3. Capital management

Fund for management of exploitation and maintenance of road transport
infrastructure is derived from budget for economic development allocated for
the Hanoi Department of Transport. Besides, there is also a source from the
Road Maintenance Fund of Hanoi.
Table 3.4: Expenses for management of exploitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure in the period 2011-2016
Unit: Million Dong
Sources

Year

Percent of

35% from the

Demand
for

City

expenses

budget

Road

Total

meeting

Transport

expense

demand
(%)

Maintenance
Funds

2011

451.726

351.442

0

351.442

77,8

2012

687.431

511.801

0

511.801

74,5

2013

878.920

730.726

0

730.726

83,1

2014

917.718

639.270

67.000

706.270

77,0

2015

949.492

676.909

161.300

838.209

88,3

2016

1.247.716

763.757

192.697

956.454

76,7

On average

79,5

Source: [47]
Besides allocating budget for the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure, Hanoi city also reserves a
remarkable part of the budget to conduct its anual objective program so as to

contributing to its safe and smooth traffic.
3.4. Comments on the management of exploitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure


16
3.4.1. Survey results on evaluating the real situation of management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructurein Hanoi
In order to obtain precise and objective comments on the management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city,
the author conducted a survey to 200 managers, engineers, researchers in the
filed with the following content:
- Evaluating the real situation of the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city
The scale uses 5 marks for respective levels from very poor to very good
1: very poor
2: poor
3: medium
4: good
5: very
good
- Successes and limitations in the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city
The author points out some successes and limitations in the management
of exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city
in the past years to obtain comments from the interviewees.
3.4.2. Successes and limitations in the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city
3.4.2.1. Successes in the management of exploitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure in Hanoi city

First, it has contributed to ensuring construction’s technical requirements,
enhance investment efficiency, contributed to serving people’s mobility in a
safe way. The survey results were that 138/188 agreed, accounting for 73,4%.
Secondly, making full use of the worker pool who have professional
maintenance skills in the city. There were 164 respondents agreeing with
87,23%.
Thirdly, gradually changing implmentation methods to adpat to the
reality. The survey results showd that 142 persons out of 188 ones agreed,
accounting for 75,53%. That the ratio is not very high shows that the change
in implementation methd has been going at a slow pace.
3.4.2.2. Limitations in the management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city
Firstly, the management of road transport infrastructure and management
of other urban infrastructure are not synchonised, filled with procedures,


17
making it hard to take initiative in the maintenance and repairing.
The survey showed that 167/188 agreed (88,83 %); assessment on the
synchronism lies below medium (2,73/5,0).
Secondly, there is yet to have a competitiveness among agencies
responsible for the managment of exploitation and maintenance.
This is one of the biggest drawbacks, seen in 100% respondents showing
agreements. The competitiveness among the agencies lies below average
(2,28/5,0).
Thirdly, fund for management of exploitation and maintenance of road
transport infrastructure is yet to meet the demand and largely dependent on
the State.
100% respondents agreed. Concretely assessments are as follows:
allocating enough fund for the demand of management of exploitation and

maintenance (2,91/5,0); already mobilised sources in the society (2,36/5,0);
ensure rational proportion between fund for fresh construction and
maintenance (2,91/5,0); public implmentation of spending and earning
annually for the Road Maintenance Fund (2,04/5,0).
Fourth, the maintenance is mostly done to serve political purpose or
unexpectedly. Units in charge are not proactive in immediately repairing new
damage as well as in implementing prevention of damage in construction
The drawback above received agreement from 172/188 votes (91,49%).
The survey results are: evaluating the proactiveness in fixing damage right
after appearing (2,16/5,0); encouranging agencies which implement the
management of exploitation and maintenance to develop facilities, technology
and managing and maintenance equipment (2,45/5,0); Ensuring road
transport infrastructure is always in best serving condition (2,85/5,0); ensuring
the proactiveness in carrying out tasks from agencies in charge (2,33/5,0);
agencies inc ahrge is proactive in detecting and preventing damage from
developing in the construction (2,43/5,0).
Fifth, the appilcation of IT, new construction material has been going
slowly, not caught up with the pace of technical and scientific advance.
Vehicles and equipement used in road patrol is quite elemantary.
The survey showed 156/188 respondents agreed (82,98%), concretely:
agencies in charge invest in machines, modern equipment for the maintenance


18
(2,95/5,0); Application of new technology and materials in maintenance
(2,86/5,0); Application of IT to the managment of exploitation and
maintenance (2,90/5,0).
Sixth, the work relating to traffic safety has been paid much attention to
but not been radically carried out.
In the survey, 176/188 showed agreement (93,62%). Concretely: Timely

handling when trafic accidents happen and construction incidents (2,72/5,0);
ensuring sufficient road equipment, conspicuous place of installment
(2,89/5,0); preventing enroachment of safety corridor (2,88/5,0); controlling
weight and limits of the vehicle (2,89/5,0).
3.4.2.3. Causes of the limitations in the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city
a, Objective causes
Legal regulations in management of road safety corridor is not clear and
concrete. The assignment to many different sectors and levels lead to
overlaps.
b, Subjective causes
Firstly, there is not a clear distinction in management of urban technical
infrastructure with management of roadway, pavement and ground space.
Secondly, the city has not pushed up the socialization of management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure. Concretely,
procurement methods have not been introduced widely, the participation of
economic sectors and social communities are not there.
Thirdly, modes of capital mobilization for the management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure are not
diversified. Notably, a financial source from renting the rights to exploit, use
assets of road transport infrastructure should be seriouly considered because it
contributes massively.
Fourth, there has not been an appropriate contract management method.
Fifth, road management agencies have not really paid good attention to
the research on application of scientific and technological advances to the
management of exploitation and maintenance.


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CHAPTER 4

SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE MANAGEMENT OF
EXPLOITATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE IN HANOI CITY
4.1. Orientation foundation for developing road transport infrastructure
in Hanoi city and viewpoints for solutions
4.1.1. Orientation foundation for developing road transport infrastructure
in Hanoi city
Planning of transport in the city towards 2030 and vision until 2050 [53]
has identified the comprehensive development of road transport infrastructure:
road network for foreign affairs (highway, national highway, ring roads);
urban road and suburban road; interchanges; bridges, tunnels, making premise
and motives for socio-economic development.
4.1.2. Viewpoints for solutions
Firstly, based on the limitations in the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city in the past years.
Secondly, towards the overall goal of improving quality, maintaining life
of road transport infrastructure, ensuring smooth and safe traffic.
Thirdly, grasp thoroughly the policy on comprehensive innovation of
management of exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
by the Ministry of Transport.
Fourth, inheriting and bringing into full play achieved results, learning
from achievements, experiences from advanced countries.
Fifth, make full use of the existing force, facilities and human resources.
Sixth, open, transparent manner and enhance the supervision from the
State agency and community.
4.2. Some solutions to improve the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure in Hanoi city
The dissertation suggests 6 groups of solutions as follows:
4.2.1. Perfecting the assignment, decentralization for management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure

Clearly identifying subjects for managing roadway, pavements and
underground space as follows:
- Managing roadway space: Hanoi Department of Transport.
- Managing pavement space: the Hanoi Department manages all


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pavements space: maintenance, issuing permission to use pavement
temporarily, permission for digging pavements.
- Management of underground space: establishing a Project Management
Unit of underground technical infrastructure under the city, which specialized
in managing an underground construction system.
4.2.2. Procurement on management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure
- Organize open procurement to select contractors to implement the
management of exploitation and maintenance.
- Expand participators to professional contractors and communities,
organizations. Communities and social organizations will do some manual
work, not using materials such as clearance of drains; clean road signal
systems…
4.2.3. Intensifying the mobilization of capitals for management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
4.2.3.1. Mobilizing capital through renting the rights to use road transport
infrastructure
Allowing organizations, individuals to hire the rights to use road transport
infrastructure for construction in road transport infrastructure system, within
the land scope in a certain allowed time. The organisations and individuals
have to pay for using road transport infrastructure.
4.2.3.2. Mobilization of capital through charging vehicles travelling to the
inner city

Vehicles moving to routes, areas highly prone to congestion have to be
charged. The charge depends on the location, route and duration.
4.2.4. Applying performance based contract for management of exploitation
and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
This is a new type of contract in Vietnam. Therefore, when deploying, it
is advised to focus on the following:
4.2.4.1. Selecting construction works to implement the contract.
Firstly, prioritizing the PBC on national highway, ring roads, urban
highway managed by the Hanoi Department of Transport. It is because those
routes have similarities with the routes in previous PBC in Vietnam.
Secondly, urban roads, provincial roads, suburban roads; bridges, tunnels.
4.2.4.2. Determining the portfolio for management of exploitation and
maintenance
a, Evaluating road surface status


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Proposing using Maintenance Control Index (MCI) by the Japanese road
transport management agency to evaluate road surface. The tasks in PBC
contract will be decided based on the MCI.
b, Determining portfolio for management of exploitation and maintenance
The author proposed the porfolio for activities related to management of
exploitation and maintenance, which includes: overall management, frequent
maintenance of road surface, frequent maintenance of traffic signs and traffic
safety equipment; frequent water supply and sewerage; regular maintenance
of pavements, road-bed, vegetation control; regular maintenance of bridges,
tunnels.
4.2.4.3. Criteria for evaluating the management of exploitation and
maintenance
Activities related to the management of exploitation such as: road patrol,

vehicles counting; checking and updating construction statistics; being on
duty to ensure smooth traffic are evaluated through the following criteria:
meeting requirements for performance; meeting requirements for
organization.
4.2.4.4. Perfecting the process to select contractors in the management of
exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
The dissertation proposes a process to select the contractor for the
managment of exploitation and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
under performance based contract as follows:
Passed
Invitation
for bidding

Preliminary
selection

PBC
Contract

Fail
Fail
Evaluating
bidding
documents

Contractors failed

Passed
Selected contractors

Contractors failed

Negotiation
Signing contract

Diagram 4.8: Process of selecting contractor for management of exploitation
and maintenance of road transport infrastructure under PBC
Source: the author


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The selection of contractor for management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure under PBC must abide by the
regulations of procurement laws [42]. However, the following contents should
be taken into account to be applicable to PBC.
- Preliminary selection: This is compulsory step when adopting PBC.
Only the shortlisted contractors are invited to bidding.
- Bidding invitation document: There has not been a template for
bidding invitation document for management of exploitation and maintenance
of road transport infrastructure under PBC. The author suggests that it be
basically similar to the traditional template. Especially, in the procurement
data section, it is essential to clearly mention responsibilities and services that
may be implemented such as exploitation maangement, regular maintenance,
preliminary improvement, urgent mending.
- Evaluation of bidding documents:
Criteria for evaluation

Prerequisites

Pass

Fail

Experience,
capability
Pass

Fail

Technical
aspects
Score

Price

Lowest price

Diagram 4.9 Criteria for evaluating bidding documents
Sources: the author
4.2.5. Intensification of application of IT to the management of exploitation
and maintenance of road transport infrastructure
4.2.5.1. Modernising road patrol
Using an intergration of digital map, mobile technology and cloud
computing and probably developing them into a software installed on smart
mobile phones. Data obtained on site by the patrol employee will be
synchonised directly to the server thanks to the cloud computing, which helps
the manager to receive and process the information timely. Also, the schedule
for road patrol should be managed closely with sensors and digital maps.

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4.2.5.2. Establishing a price frame for the management of exploitation and
maintenance of road transport infrastructure
Using Microsoft Excel to build a price frame for the management of
exploitation and maintenance of plastic concrete road in the city, serving as
the foundation for building budget and cost estimate.
4.2.6. Intensifying the use of new construction technology in the
maintenance of road transport infrastructure
Using stripped and spolied topsoil technology in maintenance of roads.
This is a new technology used in developed coutries and very suitable to
Hanoi as it ensures road surfaces not being heightened, saving materials,
reducing pollution.
4.3. Evaluation on the necessity and feasibility of the solutions
The author has conducted a survey to test the necessity and feasibility of
those solutions. The result has showed that all of them are necessary and
feasible, among which are 3 solutions with the highest necessity and
feasibility: procurement in management of exploitation and maintenance of
road transport infrastructure; intensifying IT in the management of
exploitation and maintenance; applying performance based contract.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. CONCLUSION
Hanoi is the socio-economic center of the whole country with a diverse
road transport infrastructure. Confronting increasing pressures on road
transport infrastructure, the investment in road transport infrastructure is an
essential solution but it has met with difficulty in capital, land fund.
Therefore, seeking solutions for management of exploitation and maintenance
of road transport infrastructure to prolong the life and maintain good serving
status of road transport infrastructure is regarded as important and urgent for
Hanoi city.