GIÁO TRÌNH NHÀ nước và đô THỊ

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HOC VI~N HANH CHINH QUaC GIA

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GIAO TRINH
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LYN NU'OC
VEDOTHI•

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NHA xu AT BAN DAI Ho e Quae GIA HA NOI


HQC Vr¢N HANH CHiNH

ouoc GIA

GIAo TRiNH

QUAN LV NHA NUDe
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VE DO THI•
tDao tao

cit nhtiri hanli chinh)

In Ian thir 2 co b6 sung va chinh ly

NHA XUAT BAN

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HQC ouc c GIA HA Nor


Clu; bien :P GS.TS. PH~M KIM GlAD
Bien sO
n'" PGS.TS. PH~ KIM GlAD
TH.S NGUYEN THuY ANH
TH.S NGUYEN NGQC HIEU


Mue
. t.uc
.
5

LOINOIDAU
CHVONG I
KHAI QUAT CHUNG VE DO THI
vA DO THI HOA 6 VIET NAM

7

Do thi

7

II . D6 thi hoa

20

I.

Ceu hoi 6n

t~p

28

chuong 1

CHVONG 2
PHVONG HV6NG, CHfNH SACH, BIJ):N PHAp
•

~'

,

"A'A

PHAT TRIEN VA QUAN LY DO TH! 0

VI~T

I.

Cac lei the va nguon hrc phat tri@n do thi

II.

Quan diem , muc lieu va dinh huang
ph at trien do thi den nam 2020

lII.

MQl

NAM 29
29

30

sochinh sach va bien ph ap cap bach

ve phat tri&n va quan ly do lhi
Cau hoi 6n t:}p chuang 2

40
43
3


CHUONG 3
NHO'NG VAN DE CHV YE U CVA
. . . - " .
QUAN LY NHA NUOC VE DO TH!

I

Vai t rc ella nha rnrcc trong X8.y dung

II
lII.

phat tri~ n va qua n

ly do t h i
Phan loa i, phan cap quan ly

44

himh chfnh nh a ruroc ve do th i

46

Quan 1y nha nude ve quy hoa ch

50

xay dung do t hi

IV.

Quan

ly nha nude ve nha d, dat a

V.

Qu a n

ly nha

Quan

Iy nha

67

mt& ve ha la n g

100

ky thuat do thi

VI

4'

n uOc ve canh qua n
11 9

va moi t rubng do t h i

VII. Quan ly n ha nude d6i vdi heat dQng h a l an g
co sCI xa hQi va

tr~t t1,1

Call hoi 6n tl)p chuc ng 3
•

TAl LI¢U THAM KHAO

an toan xii hQi

134
138
140


Q u.i u l~' JIll:', Il U,')\' ,.r:; d() lh ! b l (l p h:\i giri ng th u0e
chuon g u-l nh lEw L.I Cl d.u h e.lt' IEmil c'hfn h, f'C) mur- lliell
Ir a n g hi d w sinh vir-n . hl.w vn-n h ~' t1 :.1i hl.I(' hnu h chi nh
nhu n u kie n thur e li 11:1n nh.u " i.; ttl) thi . di> th i h oa . chie n
luor ph nt tricn !Ii) th i \ ' l~'f Xu m ":l m (lt snll nh vu e ch u ye'u
cua Q u:i n l~' nh n IH I'.'il· trong eric et 6 fh i n ude In hien IM Y- .
gi ll j1 h 0C vien h ieu V:\ vn n ch.ll1 g n h u n g quv din h clia phn p
11I ,)1 vn n lh t.1(' tien l'llll g I :lC q urin 1.\' (Itl th i vn lu m co St)
nuhicn ciru chuvvn 1':1u \"(-:; rlr") t h j " f! quun l ~' hunb rh m h
nhn m rcc rlt;i vdi T:\ p h:'li gi:lng d Uqc HI) men Qu ri n 1.\' nh:1 n uoc n-; n il
th i vii nbn g I hon . Hoc v ien l lnn h oh in h Q uill' g ia tt; ch uc
hii-!l soa n t ron g kh uon k h o kc" bench x:1y (Il,tn g \':1 holm
thi ~n ch u on u t ri nh d uo ta o. hoi duon g criu h(~ con g ch uc
Nhn nude (' I'W 11 1,)(' \' i~ n Han h chin h quae gin .

Tap ba i gi,1 n g n ,l ~'

j!(}lll C{It'

clurcng :

Cluron g 1: l\h ,11 q unt chun g ve <1 6 th i
Vi ~t

vn tltl

t hi hoa (j

Num.

Chuou g ~ : P hl]lln 1! hl]dng . ch in h sru-h. hi(' n ph up ph rit
t rien va q u.i n I ~' illl t h! (1 V i ~ t N n m.
C h uo n g :i: :\ h illl J,: " :\ n d i; chu .n~;ll t'l"t:l ( ~ lI : i ll I)' nh u
nude \"cd il th i,

5


ni: hisn

soa n l :) p h ili gi:lll/! n il ~' rrll' la. gill dn eli vao
d l1dn g 16i. ch u ch u on g r -h tn h sa ch r un J) :in g viI Nh a m ille
,.f.; d 6 t h ]. di n h hu·dn g q u v h unch x :1Y qu a n I)' do t h i Viet Naill , tham kh ri c col e c6n g trinh ngh ien
ciru k b on h oc v i! qu nn lyuo thi. t ron g v n n goni nude. eric
hil i giring Qu ail ly nh a nude ve ui'l thi cho eric do'i t uong

thu oc Hoc vien H anh ch in h Qu ae gin . cilC gino u-lnh Quiin
Iy ll 6 thi cua I1lqt so' tru'cng dni h oc r- h uven ugnn h trong
n utn- vn d l C t ili lieu vc qu.in ly dil t hj n 'l;l nl9t so' n u de 1r;'n
the gioi .

Mac du d5 duoc bo' sun g. su a ch ua trong l:i. n t ni ban
nay. nhun g cuon each kho tranh kh oi nhun g t hieu sot.
han che. R'it mon g nh nn ducc su gop y cu a ngtidi doc va
ban doc.
H:\ N9i. nam 2004

B9 men Qu an

ly nh u n ude \'e

D6 tit! vn Non g th en

6


Cl n rang 1
_

,

R'

_

KHAI q UAT CHU:\G VE DO TH!

vA DO THI. HOA 0 VIET
. 1\A:\1
I 0 <'1 'I'll I
1.1. Kha i lli~1Il v 6 d il th i

Sa u kh i t11 bo cu(w sr;ng rill cnn h du cu. can ngv(ji dinh
eli. lan dl:mg vii si n h song I rong ca c lti&m da n eu tap trung
nlnr la n g. ban, ap tra i .. goi ch u n g In diem dan cu no ng
thou. Do Liet kha i th .ic t hien nh ien . hie'! trong cS:,'. chan
nuni ... mn Sill ph nm luo n g tlnrc. th uc ph tim V:1 eric hang
h6:1 d o con nguui tao non [t:'1 du th rru so voi nhu triu nen
(t"\ xU:ll h ie n nhung ncuoi tach ra k h oi san x u nt nong
n ghiep (ke
hi m. ngu nghi~p) de t h trc hien t rao dCli hang
ho .t t rong xii. h9 i gi ll a n0 1 th ira V:1 n ci t b ieu. giua no i co vn
noi khong co san ph.un la m rn . D 6n g t hci nhu ca u CU9('
so·ng ella con n guoi rf(j i hoi ng:l )' cang cue hen. nell 1119! bi)
plum lao d ¢Jo g k h nc nun d;l t.ich ru k h oi srin xunt nang
nghivp d~ sa n XU ;"I! tieu t h u ccng n gh ie p. lam d ich \'\1,
qu. in 1y X<1 h l) i... Nhuug nglldi lao tli)ng n ,1y va aia din h
cun h o (hi. t(tp t r ung lu i. s.in XU;"I( V ;'I sinh st;n g ".Ii eric (Ija
d ie m thic h h lJJl Viii .s:111 x uat , kinh dccn b V;1 di ch V\1 ella ho
hav r-huven djch cc , :Yu :-;:111 x uat . co cnu k in h til n;lllg d i p
e(l so h:.1 Ulng thnv d i'l i moi trttiJ ng dinh eli ('\1a eric n i~m
dan cu lung . bdn ell t h nn h err, die'm dim cu moi 111,\ chu

en

-,

veu 1':1 l ao d(lIl ).:" p ln n lmg ngh iep. ik, Iii rti(~m dan l' u' d;, ' hi .
V;\\' s\i h in h t bn n h "ft p hrit lrie'n cue d it!m d ,ln I' U dc-) thi 1:'1
ri o Sl,t pluu i rii:n ('l'la ph:i.n cong l:m tl(lIlg xfl. h oi. 1:"1 do s\i
ch uven dich ed c;'iu kinh Ie Ili la o d{lI1g" n ong n gh ie p s.uur
Ina oq ng ph i non g nghiep .
0 ) n hieu kluu nie m khric nhn u \'6 d6 th i thee d e g"l'w el l)
ti(h l (' ~ n , Kh fl i niem ch u n g nh :'lt r-ho rAng cl 6 thi Ii1. d e
d ie m di, " cu l :) p trung \'oi ma t d{) (":1 0 . ('h \'1 ,n";\l li1 la o t1{mg
phi ncng ngh iep. ho son g \.:\ };\ 11l \'i ~(" th eo ph on g ctu- h
song va n mi nh . hien dai hun . khon h oc va co hieu qu:i.
kinh Ie. van hen ca o. D6 1a phon g erich. U;i song th nnh t hi.
Io'i song cong nghiep .
Ngoa i ra con ('0 nhung khai ni em ch u ven b i~t khat' \'C
et6 thi tll)' eac h tiep ca n cua eric llnh \'1.1(' kh on hoc ki nh t e',
van hen . xfi h9i, kien true mci truong. v.v ...

te .

Do co Sl,! khric n ha u ve phat n-ien ki n h
xi'l hoi. ve
pha t tl'i~n cue h~ th ong do thi va ve ell ca u han h ch fnh .
m e moi mroc co nhung qui dinh rieng \'e die m dan cu oli
t h i \' ;1 do ci o eric t ieu ch i, ti eu ch u nn qu i din h ella d e n u oc

cung kh ac nh au .

o

V i~t Na m. thea Nghi dinh 7212001lN D/C P, qui dinh
do th i nude ta 1ft cac di ~m dan cu co di eu ki en S3 U :

a ) Ph rii lil cite t hanh phD, thi xfi. thi tran , duoc eric co
quan Nh ft nude co th am quyen rn quvet dinh th anh l ~p ,
b) V~ rmrc dt? phl'lt trien pbrii dat £ltfl,le c:'lc ti eu ch ua n sa u:
1. Lit trun g t.uu l ong h9"P hay ch uve n nganh. co val Il' l)
thu c dfty ~l,f ph.it tri6n k inh tiY - xft h 9i cu n m gt v ung lanh

8


Tlw() ,h " .I:, 111 1 1:1 d ll:111 1:) p trunu cilC l 'li >; fJ kmh Ii:
11:-1nh d l l l1h ,.)11 1lh In \ -:111 !J{): l. :c \ h (ll kh o.i hl,W kS thunr ,
till

Ii ch . dich

\'\.1

i-! 1: 1I' lh ; 1l 1!!

rn.u, gla ll lu u 'I U;'" H::

vi: milt >;,")'l in h

\ ' \ ,11" ( '(,

\ '::111

t.ii.

(',-'Ill g n.i!h i~'I'. tln/dn g

l i;n .O! hO]i hnv chuvon ng:\nh
\":ll tr t) t hur d:i,' .<.;t,1 phnt trii:n kinh I i;
( ' I ')

t in h

:-; :"i h l) i cl't a C;l nuoc. nl :l miJI \'llllg la n h th l) ( t inh. huven

11(0)c I11 t)1 \-\'l11 g ( r(ln~ u n h trone huvcn . nho n h:"ll
In(";1
. vunu. 1:"1.11 h I h i") h: m .1.;i)111 nh i[;lI xn) ,

e ll11!!

h

l\-1 91 lin lh i b n-unc t .u u 16ng hop cua met VIlllg nho ('0
t h e' cu ng h t run g t :l111 chuven n g n n h cua m9t vim?" 1?lI1 h
tll[; ld n hen . Do tit). viec

X{IC

di n b 1n()1 t rung tam

lo'ng

hop

hay chuyen naauh COil ph rii di n ,ii vao vi t rf cua do t hi do
tron u rnct vu ng lanh th o n hrit di n h .

:2. Qui m Il dnn ;;6' t;;i thi6u cua n 9i thnnh. th i 1:'1 '1 ,000 nguoi.
Dil y IiI g'ioi han toi Ih ie u de d.ip u ng cac h ea t don g cua
my' tru ng tam 111(>0 vai t ro. chuc nang cua no va tl& (titp
rrn g eric n h u (,:l U \·6 to' ch rrc sri n x uat " it d ci so'ng xa h Qi cuu
d fm cu sao ch o co hieu quri, t ien dun g \':1 hop IY.

3. '1)' I~ la o dt)ng ph i nong n ghi ep ella noi t ha nh. n ci thj til
(i5'% tl"d len t .rong tr;ng sclao don g noi than h , thi v;\ b noi co
san x un t ran g nghiep va dich " \.1. thucng mai pha t t rien.
D uv In tieu chi ,"it tie u ch uan pha n biet do t h i v a nang
t h on ve co cSt! 1:10 It(lllg t heo eric k h u vue k inh te. trong do
d o'i voi rl ll th i llln g s()" btl d l? n g n g oa i k h u v ue nong Ohm .
ngu) nghiep phrii lil rhu veu . (G5 (~'" 11"6I {> n ) de' m 9t m:).1 (t ;l l>
ling cite ,h l"tc n a n g \';"1 hont d(1n g srin x\l at p hi n an g n ghiep
('11a d b thi. mnt k hru- phrin un h l6'j s{)ng cong n g hi ep . van


minh . van hoa. k h nc han so voi n an g than .
sd h a tang ky t huat phuc VI.l cnc heat dQng r-u n
dim cu to'i thieu ph rii o:;t l 70"" mire n eu chunn . qu i chu an qUI
din h dol. vdi tung loai do th ! (it nhat Ih budc driu XDy d l.tn ~
n1Qt so' r.an g t rlnh co ng con g vii h ;:t t nng ky t h \1;)1 cd ban ).
.t. Co

I' d

Co Sd h n t Ang d o thi ge m h a tAn g ky t h uat (giao th on g.
t hong ti n . lie n la c. ca p n utic. ca p nan g luong. thoat n ucc.
xu 1y ph rin rae, v~ sin h m6i n-uong ) va ha d ng X::l. h(}i (n h u
d, car con g trinh t huong n ghiep . dich v u dm g (,(l n g. n n
uon g. nghi dudng. y te . vn n hen. gjao due. d uo t no, n gbi en
cu u kh oa h 9C, th@ due th @thao. rang vis», cay xan h va car:
ccn g t rinh phuc vu Ici Ich cong cong khac).

Ti eu ch i nay ph a n nnh tri n h dQ phrit trien. muc tien
nghi sin h h eat ella do t h i ca o h on nong th an va dircc xac
dinh th ea cac chi: lieu co ban sa u: Ch i' ti eu cap nude sin h
heat: Lit/nguci - nga v. chi tieu ca ll dien s inh h oa t :
KWh/nglii1i , mat di? duong pho': Km/km" va dn e diem h (~
th ong giao thong, ty le tan g ca o trung binh cu u cong t rl n h
X::1.y dung V.v ...
5. C6 mat dQ dan so I1Qi thanh . thi phil h op vdi qui mo.
tlnh chat vii dac di~m cu e tung do thi , t6i thie'u In 2.000
n gtroi/k m" trd len ,

Ti eu ch i va tieu ch u a n nay pharr anh muc t(lp trung
d an eli cua do thi cao h en d n 6ng th em , duoc xac dinh tren
cc sd qui rno dan s6' n Qi thi V:1. d ien t fch dflt xay dung tron g
gio i han n t;li thi . D ong th oi n o cun g ph a n rin h m(lt d(J vn
Irin g: cue xay d u ng 0 d b th i cao hu n so vo i n ong t hcn . Ri en g
t h i tran m i;lt dQ dan so rlu oc tinh tit d dn sot hi trfin va di en
10


lie ll Ilfll 111 /, '·U. tru 01 1"' 11 11 " 11 -nnh Lie n C

:1ll j.! l.uu nf.! h i ~·Jl .

d

111(" !' i ,' n l " "lI ' Iri·tl I Il l' g l,')i. ' lu i dmh Iii) th i LI Ili l::llI lb n
vu l ;) p tru n u. 1,' ,', it nh.u J .n fH) ngtltii ha.\" ~ , O fl O ng u'i:l i tro

il n h ;-il j' .'"j" " h nv :2n 1:10 cl Qn g ph i nim g n a h iep.
l' fI n !,! nh u J1l ()t f;i)" l l ·t l r- hi. lj ;,u l'hu ;-in k h a c.
li' rJ . \'il

1'\")

1.2. Ph Hlll oa. i d i', r h i.
1 .2.1. M ~H' a icb nf

De

co

("0

,<;rl pha n t o o l

cd s6 qu i h oa rb . x fl ~' dun g \'il qu rin Ii (':1(' d6 thi.

";111 p h rii p h nn lo ni d c, th i.

a . :\1l"IC di r-h ella

'\' i~('

ph an loa i d 6 t h ]

V l ~C phan lon i d6 t h i n ha m

X; I C

l:). p eric

co 56 cho v iec:

- To" ch(lf', s.~ Jl xi'ip vn phnt 111(:n h~ thong dothi Hu ng ci nuoc:
- l' h n u ct{p q u. in li Nhn nuoc do th i:
- 1..(1 ]), xc t d u " , ~t db ;1 0 qu i honcb rlo thi :

. Xtty dl.U1 g h ~ 1hong van ban lilly phnm phrip luZtt, cac
I ieu ch u a n . d e eh in h srich \' :1 co che' qurin Ii phat trien do thi.
b. Co sd ph itn lo a ! d b t h]

Nhung co sil chu ye u dung lam can ell de' phun loai do
thi gam:
- Muc d (1 d nt duoc cun cnc rieu chuan cu n do t hi qui
dinh tai nfthj tlinh i 21200 1 cua Chinh phu nanv 5/21200 1
ve phan loai . phnn r:1p rio t hi.
- Chien h roc phrit l n i:n k in h le- . x:i h {.li \ ' il di nb hlfd n g
phn t n-ien h~ th 6'n~ rill th i IlutiC gin hay cun cnr vu ng tanh

lho. q u i h onch ch u n g X:1Y dung do t hi da d u oc eri c C:1P co
11

t hn m qu ~ 'cn

p h i- d UY¢I ,

- T h u c t l':~ ng ph .u Il'ie'n cfmg n h u c:ic d :) c th u r ii·ng . vu i
t ro ch uc n.ut g eli a t irnu do thi trong lnnh 1111:; q uill' gia ha ~'
vung d iu phuong.

- Nhu cau
Ian h tho',

10' clute quri n If h nn h ch iu h N h n nttdt; thon

Co nhi e u each ph a n loni do Ihi (1 n u or- tn r-ung nhu trt-n
t he gidi. t hee tieu ch i \':1 t ieu chunn I'ji' ng h ay t heo cri vh
t on g hop.

1.2.2. Phii n looi thco tieu chi d ellg re:
a. Piu i n tooi thea qui

rna dan ~'a'

Thirong eric do t hi dtroc phnn thanh cfle do thi nho. do t h~
trung binh 0 6'11. nho). do thi 16n va rat Ion . T rim the gl r.'li, hun
muc din ~£ cua cac loa i do thi nay cung khac nha u .

b. Ph a n loai th eo ('h ue nang h auh c h i u h - c hi n h t r]
- TIHi do (qune mu hay lisn ba ng}.

- Thu do hang (ne u co ('(j cau ha nh ch iu b lien ba n g),

- Tinh 1X- Heyen Iy.
c. Pha n loa i theo cftp h anh chinh . c h i n h t r]

6' I1lQf ... d·/Illde Ire"

thl gidi:

- Do thi khong thw?c h uve n: ngang ctip huven
- Do th ] I ru e thue c huyen : n gang c:ip xii

0' vt«
12

N a n i:


d . I'h ;1I 1 loai t lu-o tiuh (" hill s a u Xli ';'!
lJ lI:1 ,.:" , lillh lr('1 \"t'; 1111)1 s..; Hu h vue h tl'.ll d':mg. xn n
;.. u :"lt n :"ll; rhi I h n cl (lll;': . 1:1)1'....). d il t h i d ll'.1l' (lh ;'\O t hnnh :

d':l Ih! I' ''' n ~

l1;.:h l ~·I' .

d;l l h i vau hoa . £Ii) th ! 11 11 Iich . v.v ...

;\ l..:II;!i r.r . e1 il th i ro n th in(' ph un ch in th ee cil t" tif-u ch i

I li·n j.! k h.u- n un .
1.2 .:1 . Plui n IHC! ; Iti l,}.! h ~/p

I'h;"111 lon i IOn i! 11l.!p 1:'1 (',1(' 11 ph ,l n loui t ren co S(j ella t llng
11(111 nh ii:\l tieu r-hi \":"1 til: phuc \'\1 eh o qurin lf :'\'hi1 n ucc.
(;i, i:l (' ,If n H t'iC cflll j! t'() k hric nh a u . d Vi~t Nnr n. t h eo Kghi
dinh 'j:Y:.!OO I r- un Ch in h phu ba n hanh n g: il ~ ' ;"">1 10/1 9 90.
n k tI ,,, t h i Ihl t.l(' ph .u t m rha n h (j loai k h a c n ha u nhu S:H1 :
a . () iJ t h ] lo a i d o) (' h i{'(

thi loa i <1 ;\1' h j~'1 );i thu db h o a c tlii th i \ ' (i j ch uc n a ng
L't t run g 1:11ll chinh I I; , ki nh te', van h63. khoa hoc ky
1hu:)t. lu u tronu ruroc \":l qu iie Ie'. dl vni t ra thuc d:\~' s u ph nt trien
ki u h te . >;:, h 9i cuu cri nuoc.
· 1)0

· 1):ll1 1'ii tir I. ;') tri eu

tro len.

· 1')' I ~ !;Ill d(mg p hi n flllg n gh i ~p trong li;n g Sf' la o d gn g
nrii th nn h IiI no"" t rli len .
· Cei rrr ~ (; h;.l I tl ll!! d troc X ;'t ~· d ung co bu n MlIlg hi> vi',

h oun chinh .
13

· M(it dQ d:ln
nmroi/knr ' tr6 len .

~ll

nOI thi bi nh qun n t(r I:'}

n ~hl n

b. Do t h i. Ioa. i I
· Do thi loai I In. do th i \' oi chuc n flO g 1ft trung ta m kinh
tc". eh in h tri . \':\ 11 h oa . xi'i h Qi . kh an h oc ky thuat . au hc h .
di ch \' \1, dau m(ii gin o th ong. cong n ghi ep . giao luu trong
rurcc \'<1 qu ae tc· co v ni t ro th uc d :{~' s l.1 ph at trien kinh
xi'i hQi cua I11Qt vu n g lnnh th o' cua d . nude h o<). c lien t inh .

te.

- Dun so·: t it :')0 va n Ira: len .

- Co ty I~ phi non g nghi ep trong ton g so" lao dgng n{li th i
tiI 85% trit len tron g tong so· lao di?ng .
· Co co Sd h n thng ky thuat duoc xay du ng nhieu m *l
d6ng bi? V<1 h arm chin h.
"Ml}t di? dfin sO' n9i IN binh qudn 12.000 ngliWkm" tro len .

c. Do th i. lo ai
. II
Do t hi loai Il In. ,16 t hi vdi ch u c n an g In. trung tam kinh
te', van h oa . xii h c)i. khoa hoc kg thu~t, au li ch - di ch vu .

dau mo'i giao thong. gino luu trong n U'oe va qu cc te, co vai
tro thuc dfly su ph nt trien kinh te' . xi'i h Qi ella m9t vung
tanh tho lien tinh hoa c rnQl so ll n h vue dOl vd i cri nu de.

· Dan so: 11125 VQ.n tro len .

· Ty l~ la o d Qn g ph i n ang nghi~p t rong tong

so lao dQnl!

nQi thi ttr 80% trc. len .
· Co 56 hn I:\n~ ky thuat dude xa y (h.l n ~ nhieu mat t .ien
tdi luang d oi d(lng b{l v n h oan ch in h.
· M~l d9 dan so"nc)i tlu binh qudn 10.000 nbru'dilkm ~ tro len.
14


(I. D t) thi loa i III

lo.u II I l:l ,I" rln \·, ·i \ .-Ill-I" n;"l1lg: li\ tru n g nun chinh
t f i. kmh 1....... vnn 11 0 :1, ,, ;-\ h,>!. kllna hue kv th unt. dich VI.l. d:ll1
11lt;i r-;iao th ':ll1 g, 1-:: 1,\1, lu u rron u 1l1l"W \';1 vu ng li s n unh . CO val
I,'f) thur d.\ v SI,1 pkl! tt-n-n n,:,ng ,h(111 ki nh tf; · x:\ h{)i cu u mot
tr nh . h (l,~, 1l1(lt scli nh vur- dlj 'i \'IJi vurur lien tinh .
J)' J tlu

· J);'l.I1

sA: t il JO \";1 11 ncu oi trei ]':'11 .

· T)" I~ luo d (lIlJ,.: phi 11 11l1g nghi ep t rcng ton g so" la o dc)ng:
n oi thi r u i 5"" I n ') li' ll .

· Cc sc hn tiin l! k5' 'h u:) , (1I1g, xay d un g t irn g m~t don g
b,j V:l honn chinh .
· ~l (lt de) dan so' n(lj thi binh quan 8.000 ngUdilkm ~ trd len.

e. Do t.h i loa i IV
Do thi loai IV 1;\ do th i vc i ch uc nan g t rung tam to'ng
h0J1 h oac ch uvvn n gun h ve chi n h tri . kinh te, va n hoa.
kh oa h oc ky thunt . dich VI.l. dnu ml")i gi no t hon g. gia o luu
hong tinh . co vn i t ro t huc dfiy s u phut l ri~n kinh te- xu
h(>i r-un mqt unh hay mQt vung t ron g tinh.
- Dun so': nr f) va n n guc i t rd len .

- Ty l ~ la o d(m g phi n ong ngh ie p t ron g tong so" lao d{mg
noi
. thi. tit 70% t rll len.
- Co co

SlJ

h ,~ t An g

tifng m :~t dong hc)

\' :'1

d:1 d u oc h ouc d an g dircc x fi~' dung

holm chin h .

- Mat <1i) d.m sil n (ll th i t u G. OOO ngl(Cli/km ! trd len .
f. D() thi lua i V

15


D o t h i lou i V lil (16 thi vd i clute nang h\ tnlll /! tnm t{ln ~
hop h oac chuven ngnn b vi.; ch in h t ri . vn n boa . kinh 1(:'
d ich vu . co \ ' :1: tro thu c :lfiy s u phftt Iri &n ki n h a; · x5. h ~i
c u n m QI huven ha y rnQt cu m x il.

. Dan sO" tl! ·1.000 ngu ci n-o lim.
- Tv I~ lao noi
. t h i. til G5'!{, t I'd len .
- Co cc sil h a Iring- dii h one dang duuc xfi y dung nhun g
ch u a dong bl) vn h onn chin h .

- ~\'I <).t di} dan so' nQi th! binh qunn 2.000 n guoi/knr' t I'd len .
DOl vdi cdc khu cdn g ngh iep. ti e:u thii cong n ghie p,
thuong nghi ep , dich \' \1 q .p trun g n ~rn trong qu i hoach .
khi din thiet se xc'p vao khu vu e do tbi d 6 qu rin 1)'.
Cac truong h op d(i.c biet 001 vdi cac do thi loui II I. IV. V
Nghi dinh i 2/2001 ella Ch inh phu qui dinh :

DOl voi die do th i mien nui . vu ng Cola. vu ng sa u . vnn g
xa V3 hrii dna thi d e tieu ch ua n qui dinh eho tltng loa i do
thi co the: th :1'p ben xong t (li thie'u b;\ng i O% muc tieu

ch utin cua do t hi cflll g 10<:J,i .

Dei vdi eric

do thi nghi mat. du lich , dieu dudng. nghien

cuu khoa h9C, d na tao thi tieu chuan ve qui mo dan so'

t hucng tru eo th ~ thap hen nhung phai dat 70'X, so v6i
nurc qui dinh ch u n g . Rieng t ieu ch u an m;)t eli} dfin so' blnh
q udn cu a eric do thi nghi ma t. du lich vn dieu dudng c6
th:1'Jl hen nhung It;j lhi eu phni cI~t 50'X, so vdi rnuc tieu
ch un n chung cun eric do thj cu n g loni.

lG


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hoiln ,'11 ;n11
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11,:n 1'-il !ll(flI~'
.::: l( I.( Hll l
d'-;i di;n J,.: 1,,:, vil
h"a n ('j1in h
T nn :-: ma 1
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d im" hi, v i\
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d\l n ~: llillg 1lI;'1 1
d ,-;ng Il,', V;I
ho.rn "h ;n h
1'1 1,,1 ""-- ,'ong
trjuh du ra
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ho.rn clll'n h

l.:l. Vimg n g o a i t h n uh , n g oa i t h]
;\ g tl:.l i tha nh ngoni thj iii vunh dn i ch ill t:1.C

(t9ng rinh

IHio'n g u-u c t ie'p cua n lyi Ihi \':1 n:)m n-oug gitJj h :.1!1 hnnh
clun h tbnnh phi; th i xn. ThfD ·Ng-hj dinh j:'Y:.wo ll~ n ·c p
n g:il\' :}/1 0/:2001, mtJi (Ii) Ihj ;1:\ tha uh ph 6', th i ;.;::) dell ('l"
17

'.., .


vll ng n go;.l i 111 :'\I1 h n g nni lhj l.i m l) l Ilh a n d fit " :11 r-un rl ti lh j

n :\ m t rong !!il1i han hn n h ch in h cu u dll thi .
Vu n g n g O:,l i thnnh ngoai th! r-o (':1(' ch uc n:i n g sa il:

· Du 1ret (Ult dn i de' mo 1'9ng ph at t l'i&n I1Qi th nn h l1(ji thi .
· Sa n xunt ruct pharr luon g thuc. t h uc ph ;'im .
t u ui s(J·n g .. , phuc \'\1 ch o n9i t hnnh n0i t hi .

1':1\.1

qu d.

· Bo trf e ll' con g trinh kS' t hua t h n t a n g d..iu de kh u

dan CU ', C;"H: cc ng t rl nh \'~ sinh. brio \' ~. moi 11'uimg, eri c co s,d
sa n xu at . dich \ ' 1,1 y tEl, dac tao. n ghis n crru khon hoc..' l11i1
trong nQi do kh on g be) tri ducc.
· Xay dung mnng lu di cay xanh ca n bnn g h ~ sin h tb ai.,
ba a v~ m6i sin h, mci tnrcng. bo' trf cac co Sd nghi n gtri, caLC
k h u tham quan du lich .. .
V\'mg n gc ni t han h ngcai thi phai ducc xac dinh thee qu i
h oach chu ng ph rit trie'n do t h i va d ucc cdc co qunn c {) t h rio'l
quyen phi> du vet .
Ranh gioi ngcai 0 duoc xac djnh ca n cu vac It(lC tli6n1
hi en n-an g vu ng ngoni 6 va nrong lai phat l rie'n ella. till1 g
do thj th ea du kien qui h onch vii ph rii duoc Ban T{; chile \'ii

e lm h ~ ell a Chinh phu (nay Iii B9 NQi vu) xem xc i trtrd«
khi tri nh Nhn nude phe ch urin .
1.4 . P ha n ci,'p q ua n II d6 t.h i

Muc dtch cu a phan cap quan If do thi vc Ill."t hunl-i
chi n h 1:"1 <1 6 ph.In ro trnch nhi em qurin 'Ii vc 1n;~1 hnnl-i
chin h r-ho eri c cilp t t'l T rung u cng de'n din ph ucng . Tren cd
IS


:- ', ,I,', ph ;" huv '1 \1 \' (;n d u ',

" (llll! ~ a l1 g 1:.11 1 " I L l 11111 1-: ' ·;·11l

1 1 " 11 ~ \"1 ('" 1:) 1' ' 111 1 h " ;,, ,'h \ ':"1

k(: h":.I< 'h :"::'1\ ' d ,.lIl g d ,', thi . r h li
d '.'ll g .t l ll I II \ ' ;11) C'O ", , 'j h :,I I :-lIl g ky I h \1;) I h:\ I1 ~ \ " "11 1'.l !,,'I '·li:l
11 l! :'1Il s:·u- h .Iia i' IHft in g , X :'I ~' d l.tll g , . ;'11' qu i dll:~' Jl h i l h ',I)' \'1' ]
" 'Ill .I! I l i : 1 ph u nn l! lIi; qu .in Ii 'Ili a n-inh I i I d1t'tl ' X "l~' d l.lIlJ,! \ ' :"1
kh.u Ih :il" \': 11' ..; .n l! I rin h cun g (>')n L: lr" ng di, tlu .
I .,I. /. C',I ,..,i d lp Juiu cfi iJ flU "" Ii flti I II ! \ 'i~:l Sflm
( '(j

th i

!-;i

11 £; ph/i n (':'ip qu.i u Ii h unh ch inh ~ h :"l nu (w \'i; do

\U :'\I 11h:i l

t u nhunc r-a n c,,'t ch u veu snu:

, I\ i:( qw i cua pluui lon i d ll t h] <1 :1 dlfi.1r d e (.';'\ 1'

( 'I'

th :lm

qll ~' l: ll p h i. ( h l ~'~' 1

htmh chfn h - chfn h tri cun db thj ttha nh ph t-l ,n)c
IIHI,)r T rUll!! u (,)J1!!, l h illl h phil t h u(,e nn h . t h! x:i. , ih i u,SI1 ).
, e l l ('{il l

, Xhu d n l tfl ch rrc qu riu li h.mh ch fn h !\hil nUllc t h oo
ln nh thu'.
, q u i h onch l on ~ the: ph.it t ri en k inh teOx:i. h oi . qu i
h .J:.H'l1 l on~ t h t:; ph:i.t n-ien h ~ thein g ,to thi q uoc gi :l \':1

qui hoa rh chu ng xiiy d t!n J; du thi d:l dltut' ea c co
qu an co t ham quycn phe duvet.
V\1Jlj.:',

. C:lr qu i d in h cua ph ap 11I:)t (r-nc lu:) t to clurc Q u i)(' h {li
V:'l IU:) 1 to chrrc Chin h phu).

I'h .i n d ip qu.in li hu nh vhinh :'-: h :\ Illidl' \,t:; lIb tl u thi0r
<'I.t t he: hoa

t!1('0

:'\Jghj d in h 7 ~ /2 001lN D /C P n~il Y r) - l !l ,~ OO l

n lj u su u:

. Th.m h ph o' tn rc thUll(' 'l'ru ng uomr

(t Hlin /!

tlt fd n g {':"IP

19


- C{lC

thnn h phe; tbuoc t in b . cue thj x;'1 (tLflin g duong vdi

cap h uy¢n ) th ucc do't h j loni S. a vnloai ·1 \ ';1 do tin h q u.in If.
· C;1e t b j tran t huoc 06 thi loni 4 d b th i loni 5 con lu i do
h u ve n qua n If.

1.4.2. YnghiCl hhoa ho c vd th.uc tid,l c ll a lieu chi
t ieu c h u rl'll pha n loai d{} thi (N lJI72/CP J

va

Khoa hoc: Xac lap h~ th ong [) ti eu ch i the hie n ;) su

kh ac nhuu cc ban giua do th j vn nang then (v6 h in h th uc
va n Qi du n g).

Th uc tibn: Cnc n eu chua n toi thieu phu hop vdi thuc
trang \·a dinh hu cng ph at u -ien cua h~ thon g do t hj d Vi ~·t
Na m, vdi cac d6 t h i trong d e vu n g dia 1y k in h
n hau cua Viet Nam C\ 1 t h e d cac t ieu ch i ve:

te-

k ha c

· Q ui mo dan so;

- 1'y l ~ la o ddn g ph i n on g n gh iep:
-

Mat
<:t dc
9 dfan so"";

· H ~ tang

cd

sd.

II. DO THI HOA
2.1. Do th] hoa

t.re n

the giiti

D il t h i h oa I:\ O19t qu a t rinh p hrit t rien ve ddn so' do th j.
so lu cng va qui mo cu a cdc do thi Cli n g nhu ve dieu kien
son g d o th i h oac th ea kieu d6 t h i . Tran g qua trin h pha t
t rien cue d6 t hi h en d eu co s1,1 p hnt triGn ve lUlin g V;1 \"e
20


('1.:" 1

"11;1

";l( '

(!.'·)ll (I'd (' :"lu

d r, I hi .

kl:; (, ;'\ (/ r;1

kinh 1<::,

11 ;: 11£' n g h i ~'p , n i

\ " 'i i

e: \('

di i::1ll d:'lll ('II

,'n r.ru s.rn x u.it . ro c:'lll d ill l

h i)i \',\ kh lJll g'
ho.u-h . kic'n 1 nit'. lnn h thn i x.iv d un g . " ,Y , .. l.
I, :'ll l

(I')

,.]11'11' x;"l

f l l' th i h ila 1) h;11 t r u::n trf-n

, 'Ii S(j

-u

Y;'I

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ph.it Ir i&n run

n .;h i~p h oa . kh ou h ,,1(' kS' t h.u:\ 1. d ich \'\.1 vn

non ,l!

(' O tlg

cu.i

s u 11£,'n h(,
X; I h ui. t }'nhun u co S/j tien quvet . Cb inh VI the', sir ph.u trie n n 1:1 el i)

t hi h t';l die n ru kluir nha u YC th oi d ie m. t oe df) vn qu i
g i U;1 c.u- m J{il' tre n th e:: gi61,

/111,

D b t hi cluoc hi nh th nn h vn ph.u t l'i~n tit rilt lau. n-ude
Cill1 g ngu yen n h u (1 vu ng Luon g Hn. Ai Cap. T'run g Can
Dong. Trun g Q u i)('. An D9 tu th e' ki th u ha i. th rr ha I n ial'
c,'JI1g nuuvcn. y,v.,. Song do rn oi chi fil nh u ng dl) thi don Ie
dun t ren c (1 S0 CI'l:1 pha r f ri£:n va n h en t on gino qu :in If X:1
h ') i. vn giac lu u h iln g hen . d ich V9 . v.v .. , Ch i sal! khi co
nhli n g pha t. minh v6 k~ oa h oc kS' t hu a t co b an ( h (1 1 m rcc.
dien. v. v .c .) t rong th e' ki 1B, con g nghi ep m di dU'0C ph.u
t ri en v:\ do do l1 6 thi mdi duoc hi nh thanh vn p h ..),t tri en
mi)l cd ch dni t ra (j n hi eu nude t ren the gi oi (ch au Au , B:1c

1\1 y. v.v ... I.

Thoo cac chuven gin nghi en d iu ve do thi hen thi thci
di ~1l1 b..1t ftA u ella qU:'1 trinh do thi h oa the gi6i bl1t (t:)u vao
th e' ki 19 va kco dai den her thi; ki 2 1. Den thoi di(:m n av d6
t h i hen kh [Hl g con Cl.l su phrit trien ve hrcn g (on dinh v£: ~i I ~
d<'\11 do thi ,':1. n {m g t han ) mil chi con phfi t trit;n \"e ch nt. J1!'Jl

qu i ti( 'i, t16lil thoi (Ii£:m ket t huc cun qua trinh do thi h oa.

21


:-:1.1 Il h :'\1 II'ie'n cun litlll ~iJ'

( Il)

thi

l ht.; gi {ii so V{JI fl"lng d [lll

SI)'IH1i chung t'~ ,, ) ch lt)c ' I rin g quun \' [1 du b.io n hu ~ : I U :

Nn m 1800 1ft

~t 2:

1H:)O lit G,H: W OO 1:1 r .r. 19:)0 1,129,.1 :

1980 l:i -4 6 ,2: du bol o nnm 2000 1ft 5 1 va na m 2100 l;t !IO

(t hee A. Zim m)
U\ng t n fc1n g- mo dim so', sri Iti? ng cua cac tlo thi cu n g t:l.n g len . ti ~ thi
k ho'ng 10 vdi han g ch uc m eu dan xun t hie n n g: il~' cn ng
n hieu t ren the giai (chu veu 1ft d eric nude dang phrit t ri ~n ) .
Cli ng: vdi

Slot

Do thdi diem b;\l driu va t oe dQ phat tri en ell a coog
nghiep hoa kha c nhau . nen su phrit trien cua do thi hoa
hien n ay cu n g kh nc nh 311 giila cite qu oe gia t ra n tht"; gi/Ji.
Trang k hi d cac nude ph at tri en. d o thi h 03 t a p t r u ng V;1O
phat Irien ve chilt thi iJ cec nuoc dang phat t ri&n lai chu
yeu ph ut t rien ve luong . Theo ca c titi lieu th o'ng ki" t i I~ do
th ] h oa C\'13 rnQt so nude phat tri &n v ft d ang phat tri 6n hu-n
nay nhu sa u (so lieu na m 199 5):

. Cac nude ph ut trien:

Bi: 95 )lo

Oxtr ayli n : 86'%

Due: 94%

Dan Ma ch : 8 4%.

Anh : 91 %

Niu Dil:in : 84%

l

Th\,lY ni ~n : 8 4%,
Ai len : 90'){,

Nhat Ban: 7 8 ' ~ :•.

- Cric nude d an g ph nt tri~n tran g khu v ue (na m 20 (0) :
Trung Qu clc; 25. ] '~ ;,

Ind onexiu : 3 G, 5 '~()


l 'h i l lp m

'

"1"1l ;jl
" I. :l ll .. "_ ,.I,.u- "

]) 01

h ilJl!! 1l .~ h 1J1

, ' I S ., ,,

,\ 1I:I 11 Ill ;\ , _, , _ "

)I I" "

Xlal ni x iu : !lO.I " "

11 ;-11ll

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d (l

Pho n e k il;n

1 nuu 11 ;'lT11 ht Ih ur;ll' d i:1 el l a dc' q Ui ll', lu i p h: ii

\ ':"1 h :"l n g

tru i q u a

m i'l.\'

l'ill ,l<' n n m t-hiun tr.m h dt>' g i.ln h d(lC I:) p lhr;n g n h:'11 rLit
11lP'IC. Viet ~ :11ll Ii i Illl)t rrrm g n h flll g nu nc n gh ('o n-on a ",[)
coil" IlU Cit ' dnng ph.u me n . n ell q u .i t r in h tl il thi h oa ph :'lt
1 rii:n churn \''-1 veu . Ch l l :1 dun g n hun p ct )c u-unp cun lit:. I h i
li o.i qua tui (1 cile n ucr da n g p hnt t rie'n . q U:l n-i n h do rhi
11 6:1 r1 Viet Nnm co thi: phan chi n Ih nnh ca c ein i d on n s au :
2.2.1. T hiti hi Ph onu hie;. (t nlac: n rim 1851')
Cue d() thi Vi~" Nnm th oi k i n ily ("h ll ~' 6u ];'1 cue

", (i

Ix .

td m b u n h ch inh n 't a Vu a cln in . qua n lei. m (lt su' (' 0
I h i, III ph an th ucng mai . d ich vu . hluh thn nh {j nhun g vj
t ri thu a n Ir:Ji ch n ei no h ru hu on ban v:l h c'; phon g. Vii c.t n
lin n. cilr' c!() thi Ph on g k ien hlnh thnnh v,\ phut tri en

hh 6n g trf-n co "'tj s u n x u fu , T r an g k huon kh o cun nen k inh
te' l ieu n b ng , 11.1 cu ng n .1 d i p, eric do t h i kh cn g cb duoc vu i
t \"11 " it din vi k in h teO
tt6"i vdi n ang th e n \'.1 xii hoi. nen cac
d (l thi kcm p h{l t n-ien . qui rna nh c be, cc cnu qu e quat . da
~ O c hi Iii eri c ph u hu ven . ph o p hil , v. v ... Ly S(1, Ihnnh qun ch
p h :l l Ir ii:n tron n khi ph:lll "th, " lai hi han r he'.
t l'l ll1g

2.2.2. TIHl i h i t h u oc di u vn hhan;.: c!licll c /Hf"g
l' /rrip (JR,iR . 1954)

')

.,

-'


tru ne t am h.mh clunh cu n b {,l l11 ;i ~ ' rhfn h qu~'(;n t lll,i(' d :'lln

p h on g ki en. n ', ph nt Iri en t hem p h/Ill thuon g mui . d !ch
ph u c vu chu ~' ("u ch o tl njc d.ur ph on g kien th ilng tri .

Vl')

J) ~ phuc VI} khui th uc V:.1, van ch uven ali nguven k ho:l.l1 :.i:!'
srin ella n ucc tn \.(; ch fn h qucc . Ph ilp da phnt t r ilSn h4

t hong h a t:ing co S(j (g ino th on g. di en , n ga n h illl g: . hu'll

dien . v.v. ..) (1 (':1t' do th] , n hut 1il ,j Hn N9i. Sni Gu n . v.v ...
Cong ngh i ~'Jl qua nh o be V ;1 que quat , kh ong the lrun th u-v
d oi tinh chat ncng n ghiep thuzin lIiy cua xa h l}i V i ~ l Na m .
Diu vi kinh te' xii h i?i cun do thi ttl)' co duoc na ng cao h on
so vdi t hci Ph on g ki en son g nhin ch u n g van con ve u k e rri
eh o (hi m9t sri do thi co ph at trien h en .

2.2..1. Th iJi hi 195.5·1975

Day 1iJ. m (lt gi ai d onn d l). c biet cua qua trlnh do thi hen (1
Vi~t Nam do dat ru r oc bi ch ia hi m 2 mien vci ha i che d O
chinh tri . xii hQi khri c nhau vn do thi h oa ph rit trien c u n~
t hea hai xu huang khac nh au:

6

mien Brie. do dfly man h cong nghiep hca nen nh iew
do thi va eric trung tam cen g n gh iep mdi ducc hinh than h ..
eric do thi eft du cc mo rong. Mat kh ac. tfnh chat v a co criUl
kinh teo san xuat ella cac do thi dan thea huang lanh

manh . o'n dinh . lay san xuat cong nghiep va dich vu la m
nen t an g. M a n g JUdi d6 thi hinh t hanh \'3 phdn bo' d en
bon . va n oi chung do th] (tU<;lc ndn g ca o vi the' chfnh tri .
kinh te . x.l hoi , gop ph rin vue ph ri t trien kinh lif . X ~l h()i
chu ng ella mien Bri e, t nc d{)n g vao no ng n gh iep V:1 ph rit
tri ~n nang th on. Nh u ng n am 196 :') · 1975. d o ch ie n t ranh
:24