Giải pháp hoàn thiện chuỗi cung ứng sản phẩm cá ngừ đại dương cho thị trường nhật bản tt tiếng anh

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INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale of the thesis
In the process of implementing the initiative and actively participating in
international integration, Vietnam has strengthened the signing of free trade
agreements (FTAs) with countries and regions in the world. In the trade
relations with Japan and Vietnam, as a member of ASEAN, AJCEP signed the
ASEAN - Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. AJCEP is
evaluated as a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in many areas,
including trade in goods, services, investment and economic cooperation. The
CPTPP Agreement is a new generation of free trade agreements, signed on
March 8, 2018 and officially takes effect from December 30, 2018 for the first
group of 6 countries to complete the approval process. Standard Agreement.
For Vietnam, the Agreement takes effect from January 14, 2019.
With the first two free trade agreements (FTAs), Vietnam - Japan and
ASEAN - Japan, some of Vietnam's seafood products exported to Japan have
been removed from the tariff barrier. With CPTPP, Japan pledged to abolish
tax immediately for 86% of tariff lines, equivalent to 93.6% of Vietnam's
export turnover to Japan, and nearly 90% of tariff lines after 5 years. In
particular, many previous seafood products have not been committed to
abolish taxes in the previous two FTAs will also enjoy 0% tax when exporting
to Japan.
With the elimination of tariff lines for Vietnamese goods under the previous
FTAs and the CPTPP Agreement, many exports to Japan have increased
sharply. According to Customs statistics, Vietnam's export turnover to the
Japanese market in 2018 reached more than 18.8 billion USD, of which
seafood accounted for 7.4% with many items rising as mollusk. Head feet, all
kinds of fish and tuna. Tuna products have now become the third largest
seafood export item of Vietnam after shrimp and basa fish. At the same time,
the tuna export turnover of Vietnam to Japan also occupies the 3rd position
after 2 key import markets: EU and US.

The situation of Vietnam's tuna exports is not commensurate with the
potential and like the big market Japan. The reason for this limitation is


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that the supply chain of tuna products was not suitable and did not link
producers with customers in this market.
It can be said that, in theory, competitive advantage in the market of
enterprises in the trend of globalization, especially for small and medium-sized
enterprises will not only depend on the capacity of each enterprise but more
and more reliant on links, cooperation with other businesses in a value chain,
product supply chains.
Stemming from the above problems, it is necessary to have research and
build a supply chain for tuna products for the Japanese market. Therefore, I
choose the topic "Solutions to complete the supply chain of tuna products
for the Japanese market" as a doctoral dissertation subject in the field of
commercial.
2. Overview of domestic and foreign research projects related to the thesis
topic
2.1. Overview of domestic research topics
Includes research topics on supply chain in general, product supply chain
and supply chain of tuna products by domestic authors.
2.2. Overview of foreign research topics
Articles by foreign authors like Handfield and Bechtel (2002); Togar and
Sridharan (2002); Rachel Wilshaw, Liesbeth Unger and colleagues; Kazunari
Watanabe- Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, 2003; Megan Bailey and
U.Rashid Sumaila. With research on supply chains, such as issues of
cooperation, credibility, and labor supply in the supply chain. In addition, the
study also mentioned issues such as quality of seafood, Japanese tuna market

or tuna resources.
3. Objective of the research
3.1. General objectives:
Develop scientific arguments and solutions to complete Vietnam's tuna
supply chain for the Japanese market, period 2019-2025 and orientation to
2030.
3.2. Detail goal:
- Systematize and clarify the rationale for completing the supply chain of


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tuna exports
- Analyzing and assessing the situation of developing Vietnam's tuna
supply chain for the Japanese market.
- Proposing solutions to complete Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the
Japanese market.
4. Object and scope of the research
Subjects of research: Vietnam's tuna supply chain, from when raw tuna
is exploited and put into the chain until the product is transferred to Japanese
importers.
Research scope:
- About space: Studying the supply chain of Vietnamese tuna exports to Japan.
- About time: Collect data from 2008 to 2018 and propose solutions to 2025.
- Regarding the content: Proposing the supply chain model, focusing on
analyzing the activities of supply of tuna products, the impact of factors
affecting the chain and the activities of the chain.
- Regarding research perspective: The thesis researches on the perspective of
scientists to propose solutions to complete supply chains for businesses,
petitions to the state and business associations.
5. Research method

5.1. Methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism
5.2. Methods of researching documents, inheriting previous research results
5.3. Survey method
5.4. Methods of data processing (Qualitative and quantitative methods)
Qualitative method: Expert opinion method, SWOT matrix analysis
method.
Quantitative method: Using descriptive statistical methods affecting supply
chain through Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient analysis. Using Multiple
Linear Regression (MLR) model to measure the relationship between research
problems.
6. New points of the thesis
In terms of theory: The thesis systematizes and supplements the theoretical
basis of the supply chain of tuna products. Specify concepts, structures,


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characteristics, linkage model, chain model, production organization,
purchasing and exploitation of ocean tuna products, concept of completion and
content of supply chain completion application of ocean tuna products. Study
the experiences of countries in organizing the supply chain of tuna products.
On the practical side: Based on the model of Vietnam's tuna supply chain
for the Japanese market. The dissertation analyzes the activities of the chain,
thereby pointing out the remaining problems and the causes affecting the
chain. Since then, the thesis proposes appropriate solutions to help organize
the supply chain of finished products more. If the Japanese market is met,
Vietnamese tuna products have many opportunities to enter. markets with
equally high requirements.
The thesis proposes recommendations to the State, Industry Association in
supporting members and application of supply chain model for ocean tuna
products.

7. Structure of the thesis
The thesis has a structure of 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical basis on the supply chain of tuna
product to Japanese market
Chapter 2:

Real situation of Vietnamese ocean fish supply chain for

Japanese market.
Chapter 3: Orientation and Solutions for Vietnam's tuna supply chain for
the Japanese market
Chapter 1
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON THE SUPPLY CHAIN
OF TUNA PRODUCT TO JAPANESE MARKET
1.1. The rationale for the supply chain of tuna products
1.1.1. Some basic definitions
- Chain: From a mathematical point of view: "String is a series of countless
number of symbols arranged, linked by plus" [Vietnamese Encyclopedia]
- Supply chain: "Supply chain is a link with companies to bring products or
services to market"


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"Supply chain is information flow, goods and cash. It includes controlling
all functions related to the flow of materials, from suppliers to customers,
including purchase, transport, production management and inventory,
manufacturing, storage and transportation"
From the above concepts can be concluded as follows: supply chain is
information flow, goods, cash. It is done through purchasing, manufacturing,
inventory, shipping and information activities to satisfy customer needs.

- Concept of product supply chain
Product: "These are all things that can satisfy the demand or desire to be
offered in the market for the purpose of attracting the attention of shopping,
use or consumption."
Product supply chain is the product flow from suppliers to customers,
closely linked to satisfy customers' needs through the operation of the chain.
Supply chains not only include manufacturers, suppliers, but also carriers,
warehouses, retailers and customers.
- Concept of ocean tuna supply chain
Supply chain of ocean tuna products is the flow of ocean tuna products
from the supply of inputs to product supply.
Lastly, to control the maximum cost, the maximum time to satisfy
consumers' needs, achieve the target profit of the chain.
1.1.2. Proposing a model of supply chain of tuna products
1.1.2.1. Model of ocean tuna supply chain
- Vertical supply chain model
The vertical supply chain model reflects the number of levels along the
length of the chain. The vertical distance is calculated as the distance from the
member who is the first supplier to the final customer of the chain, as shown in
the following figure:
- Manufacturer: Is the organization making products. Producers include
raw material manufacturing companies and companies that produce finished
products.
- Distributors: They sell products to other businesses, in larger quantities
than individual customers often buy. Distributors help manufacturers reduce


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the impact of fluctuations in market demand by storing inventories and doing
most of the sales work to find and serve customers.

- Retailers: Reserve inventory and sell them to consumer customers.
Retailers also collect information about customers' preferences and needs.
Retailers also promote products and combine prices, select products, services,
and benefits into the main tools to attract customers.
- Customer: As a consumer, any organization / individual who buys and
uses products.
- Service providers: Organizations that provide services to manufacturers,
distributors, retailers and customers. The implementation of high specialization
leads to a better service provider price than manufacturers, distributors or
retailers in organizing and providing services.
- Model of export tuna products supply chain
Product line
It is an indispensable flow in the chain, originating from the first suppliers
to consumers. Processed material flows from the first supplier in the chain
(domestic operators, importers) are then transferred through intermediaries to
import market distributors.
Information flow in the chain
First: Information line ordering from customers to manufacturing and
processing enterprises.
Second: Feedback from suppliers: Receiving and processing through
purchasing department.
1.1.2.2. Members participating in the supply chain of tuna products
Including operators, service providers and service providers, processing
enterprises, import enterprises, distributors in foreign markets.
1.1.2.3. Member leads the supply chain of tuna products
With the characteristics of small exploitation and purchasing activities,
there is a discrete nature. Being capable of good finance, technology, and
especially having a direct connection with importers in the Japanese market,
processing-exporting enterprises have a clear understanding of market demand
and product types. products, requirements for tuna quality, price. Therefore,

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processing enterprises - exporting tuna products play a leading role in the
chain
1.1.2.4. Link form by contract between members
Based on the time of contract performance: Short-term contracts, long-term
contracts
Based on business forms: Export contracts, import contracts
Based on product flow: Input supply contract, Production management
contract Contract for output output
Based on the number of parties involved in the contract implementation:
Bilateral contracts, unit contracts, main contracts and sub-contracts,
conditional contracts
1.1.2.5. Form of information sharing
- Types of sharing information: External information, internal information,
information for the supply of raw materials, information from distributors
- Sharing information within the enterprise
- Share information with partners in the chain
1.1.3. The role and characteristics of the supply chain of tuna products
The role of supply chain of tuna products
- Increase consumer satisfaction when buying and using goods. Through
the supply chain.
- Cut the cost
- Increasing the competitiveness of goods products
- Adapt new management model in business activities of businesses
Characteristics of ocean tuna supply chain
- Requires strict quality management right from the stage of exploitation
for ocean tuna
- Exploitation method for ocean tuna products is a specific product

- Requires cold chain to meet standards, consistency and strict management
- The link between the members of the chain needs to be tight in order to
minimize supply time, cost in the chain and good selling prices for consumers.


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- Being greatly affected by regulations for exploitation, such as exploitation
season, exploitation area, environmental regulations, regulations on fishery
managers, exploitation methods and product origin.
1.2. Content of activities and complete supply chain of tuna
1.2.1. Operation of the supply chain of tuna products
1.2.1.1. Manufacturing - Processing: Production involves supply chain
capacity to produce and store products. Vehicles in production such as
factories and warehouses.
1.2.1.2. Place
Locations related to location, activities performed in parts of the supply
chain. The choice here is quick response and efficiency. Decisions will focus
on activities in some areas to achieve efficiency and economies of scale.
1.2.1.3. Inventory
There are 3 basic decisions to create and store inventories: Inventory cycle,
Safe inventory, Seasonal inventory [40]. Multi-stage storage system model and
fixed time period.
1.2.1.4. Carriage
Transportation involves moving from raw materials, semi-finished products
and finished products in the supply chain. The balance between quick response
and efficiency is reflected in the choice of transport mode
1.2.1.5. Information systems support in the supply chain
Information is an important issue to make decisions on four supply chain
actors. It is the connection between all activities in a supply chain: Data
collection and related information; store and access data; analysis and

reporting.
1.2.2. Content of completing tuna supply chain
1.2.2.1. Concept of perfecting tuna supply chain
Completing the supply chain of ocean tuna products is the amendment and
supplement of mechanisms, measures, activities and products in accordance
with market requirements.
1.2.2.2. Problems to be completed by the ocean tuna supply chain
- Flexibility of the chain


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- Cost of the chain
- Minimize the time to supply products to consumers
- Human Resources
- Information system
- Logistics
- Cold chain
1.2.3. Factors affecting to the supply chain of tuna product
Relationship between channel members
The coordination in the chain through the following activities is the factor
that causes the supply chain's slow changes to the needs of the market: demand
forecasting, order quantification, product pricing.
Market
The market is both a goal and a requirement for each supply chain to adapt.
The market requires each member and product in the supply chain to change
and the supply chain must always change in accordance with the conditions of
the business environment.
Technology
One of the problems of supply chains such as deviations in forecasting
market demand, production capacity is not effectively exploited, stockpiles,

costs and time to deliver products to hands customer. Therefore, technology
application in the supply chain is becoming increasingly popular. Especially
information technology, automation technology for operations in the chain.
Government policies
The impact of import-export policies, monetary and fiscal policies, support
policies for the industry - commodities will affect the supply chain in the
following aspects: Exploiting, cultivating, processing, consumption of
products, logistics services, product consumption markets, raw material prices.
1.2.4. Criteria for assessing supply chain of tuna products
- Performance of supply chain of tuna products
- Flexibility of the chain
- Quality of goods
1.3. International experience on tuna product supply chain


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1.3.1. Experience of Indonesia
In order to well meet the requirements of Japanese seafood import markets,
Indonesia has implemented (i) Managing aquaculture and processing activities
closely and uniformly from the Central to local. Reduce risks to the supply
chain, Indonesia performs four steps: risk identification, risk analysis, risk
assessment and risk handling. Complete the cold chain system in terms of
function, there are three elements integrated in the cold chain system: product,
origin, distribution.

Government agencies must strengthen fisheries management and
improve working conditions for fishermen. In addition, supporting
businesses and fishermen to access new standards at the request of the
market.
Organize the product supply chain: After being caught, products will be

classified into different groups. There is a group for processing, the group
is transported by air to the Japanese market. Importers in the Japanese
market distribute this product through channels: Auction center, retail
restaurant or supermarket system.
1.3.2. Philippine experience
- Pay close attention to exploitation, port system and processing activities
- Implementing quality standards to meet export markets
- Clearly identify potential risks, in order to provide risk mitigation
measures
- Pay attention to the logistics in the chain, as well as other activities of the
chain.
1.3.3. Lessons learned from the experiences of other countries for Vietnam
and enterprises in the supply chain of aquatic products for export
a. About enterprise fees: Attention should be paid to the exploitation,
processing and market development and branding activities.
b. On the State side: Focusing on building linkages in the chain, managing
the chain, well performing the inspection and control of fisheries, building a
common brand for Vietnam's exported seafood products environment,
applying standards in quality management for ocean tuna products in line with
international trends.


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Chapter 2
REAL SITUATION OF VIETNAMESE OCEAN FISH SUPPLY CHAIN
FOR JAPANESE MARKET
2.1. Overview of the Japanese market for ocean tuna products
2.1.1. Scale and price fluctuation of Japanese tuna market
Japan is world famous for its traditional consumption of fish and seafood
products. Seafood products from Japan such as sushi, sashimi, tempura have

become popular in the global market due to healthy nutrition, low fat, low
calorie content.
Table 2.1: Import value of Japanese tuna and fish products, period
2010 - 2017

Product
Groups

HS
Code

Total value

Import
value

Import
value

Import
value

Import
value

Unit: 1000 USD
Import
Import
value
value

Impo
value

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

6,416,87
5

7,223,76
0

7,402,51
0

5,987,06
6

5,638,50
1

5,160,83
5

5,418
0

Source: www.trademap.org
Although there is a decline, but the seafood market of Japan is a large
potential market, large-scale, high demand for aquatic products in general and
also a big market for products. Tuna in particular.
2.1.2. Japanese market characteristics
As of December 31, 2017, the Japanese population is estimated at
127,333,662 people, decreasing -264.063 people compared to the population
of 127,615,396 people last year. The sex ratio in the total population is 0.955
(955 men per 1,000 women) higher than the global sex ratio. Japan is a country
associated with mountains and the sea, so the main food is marine products,
especially marine fish. On the other hand, due to cultural practices, it is very
picky in eating. Stemming from these factors, Japanese people consume 5
times more fish than other countries.


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Japanese food safety regulations are also very strict, requiring high quality
for food products circulating in the market. Relevant laws such as: Food safety
and hygiene law, product liability law, special trade transactions, food
ingredients, shelf life, food preservation ...
Import policy for agricultural goods: Japan still maintains many measures

to restrict or prohibit the import of foreign goods into this country.
2.2. Supply chain model of Vietnam tuna products meets the Japanese
market
2.2.1. Model of Vietnam's tuna supply chain
For the supply chain of unprocessed tuna products to meet the Japanese
market, the source of raw materials (fresh tuna products) is directly exploited
at Vietnamese fishing grounds. Male. On the basis of the order and
requirements of importers, processing enterprises perform the procurement and
import of goods from fishermen exploiting ocean tuna products. In the supply
chain model of whole tuna products, the relationship between processing and
exporting enterprises with importers in this model, is established on the basis
of partners.
Supply chain of processed products: Processing enterprises purchasing raw
materials in the country can do so directly to ocean tuna operators or through
buying agents. Implementation of the supply of qualified output products of
the import market. The linkage between the processor and the exporter and the
agent of "wholesaler" is merely a buyer of raw materials and an input supplier.
However, the link between processors and importers is tight.
2.2.2. Characteristics of Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese
market
- Members in the supply chain of tuna products are relatively independent
- High supply chain costs
- The supply of input materials for processing activities depends on many
intermediaries purchasing "barley owners"
2.2.3. Operation of Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market
Tuna fishing: Fishing ground is Hoang Sa and Truong Sa fishing grounds,
leading to long exploitation time, usually over 10 days. Use ships with


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capacity> 90CV. Mining technology: hand sentences, golden sentences are
essential.
Procurement: Tuna is purchased from fishermen after exploitation, through
the owner of the middlemen (purchasing intermediaries) is provided to the
processing enterprises. Or processing enterprises perform direct procurement
for fishermen. On the basis of the requirements of the market, the export
processing establishment will purchase suitable products.
Processing: To ensure output quality, input materials are strictly controlled.
Along with that is the use of processing technology to ensure the requirements
of quality, food safety, packaging and other requirements related to traceability.
Transportation: Includes transportation activities from the fishing ground to
the shore, from the port to the processing facility or to the airport to export to
the Japanese market. Transporting Vietnamese tuna products now takes a lot of
time (10-15 days), leading to high transportation costs. This is also a factor
affecting the quality and benefits of the chain.
Storage: Includes preservation activities after exploitation and preservation
during transportation, preservation before-during and after processing. The
preservation will help maintain the quality of tuna products when reaching
consumers. Currently, post-tuna preservation technology in Vietnam is still at a
low level, leading to low quality of tuna products. This affects the quality of
whole product - preliminary processing, but also affects processed products.
Information: With the emergence of many new technologies, the
application of technologies in the transmission of information is now being
applied in the ocean tuna supply chain. Thereby reducing unnecessary costs for
the chain.
2.2.3. Influence factor
Relationship between channel members
- Share information: The information shared, that is: information on tuna
production provided; information about the price of each order; supplier
information; information on order fulfillment time; Carrier information ...

Forms used in sharing information between channel members, such as face-toface meetings, phone calls, the Internet and other forms.


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- Forward information among members of the chain: The sharing of
information between processing enterprises and importers of the Japanese
market plays the highest role. Expressed through indicators (%) sharing
information in the content: mining, processing, price, quality, delivery time,
quantity of products that can be provided.
- Contradictory information among members of the chain: The level of
sharing information on prices and quality of delivery time has a high level of
sharing. Processing enterprises and import enterprises of the Japanese market
share the most information and the level of information sharing is higher than
other members in the chain.
- Form of association: With forms, such as long-term contracts, mediumterm contracts, short-term contracts, verbal agreements or no contracts
Technology
On the basis of using multiple regression model, to assess the level of
impact on product quality with dependent variables: Quality, independent
variables: Preservation technology (mining industry), mining technology
(technical expertise) and processing technology (CNCB). From analysis, the
regression model has the following form:
Product quality = 0.52 + 0.485 * CNKT + 0.233 * CNBQ + 0.297 * CNCB
In independent variables, mining technology affects the product quality the
most, then processing technology and preservation technology.
Market
Customer: Change of Japanese population structure, high population aging
rate, leading to demand and demand for tuna products in the market.
Competitors: In addition to Vietnam, countries such as EU, China, Korea,
Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia are major suppliers of tuna products in
Japan. Therefore, Vietnamese tuna products face great competition from other

suppliers. (competition in price, quality, output)
Technical barriers of the Japanese market: Standards for food hygiene and
safety of the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, standards for packaging
products, environmental standards for tuna products ocean, requirements for
traceability.


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Credit support and fishing ground forecast
Credit support and fishing ground forecasting help to change the capacity
of fishing vessels, change the scale of processing activities, reduce the
financial costs related to mining activities. This factor affects the amount of
tuna exploited and processed products of the chain.
Policy: Great impact on the scale of offshore fishing vessels, impact on
fishery logistics (port services, transport services, supply of mining
equipment), impact on cold chain and the application of technology in the
supply chain of tuna products.
2.2.4. Assessment of Vietnam's tuna supply chain
Evaluate supply chain performance through cost and profit targets
Method 1: Post-ocean tuna will be sold to the middlemen. Collectors will
conduct consolidation and supply to processing enterprises
With this method, the operator costs the lowest. Meanwhile, the cost of
export processing enterprises is high, the profit/cost ratio is also low compared
to the exploiters and intermediaries.
Method 2: Processing enterprises work directly with the operators
(cooperative teams at sea and fishermen) to directly purchase.
In mode 2, we can see a big change in the cost of processing enterprises
and high profit / cost ratio. It shows that the implementation of direct
procurement for operators has greatly reduced the purchasing costs of
enterprises, thereby increasing profitability.

valuation of product quality and goods
- The quality of Vietnamese tuna products is only average.
- The form and packaging material of Vietnamese tuna products are not
very eye-catching,
- Unable to control the quality at source, the ability to access product origin
is limited
Evaluation of supply chain flexibility
Indicators of flexibility of the tuna supply chain are still low. If in the
changing market conditions, the chain will face many difficulties in converting
and providing suitable products for the target customers.


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2.3. Assessing the status of Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese
market
2.3.1. Evaluate according to the criteria
Evaluate supply chain performance through cost and profit targets: Method
1 is the lowest cost of operators, the cost of high export processing enterprises.
Method 2 shows that the cost of enterprises decreases, profit margin increases.
Evaluation of product quality and goods
- The quality of Vietnamese tuna products is only average.
- The form and packaging material of Vietnamese tuna products are not
very eye-catching.
- Unable to control the quality at source, the ability to access product origin
is limited
Evaluation of supply chain flexibility
Indicators of flexibility of the tuna supply chain are still low. If in the
changing market conditions, the chain will face many difficulties in converting
and providing suitable products to target customers.
2.3.2. General assessment

Achievements: Fisheries are identified as a key economic sector in the
development of the country; As the economy develops, the domestic and world
seafood markets continue to expand, aquatic products increasingly dominate
the food market; advanced technologies and techniques, especially
biotechnology, have developed rapidly and strongly, creating opportunities for
application ...
Difficulties: Unreasonable occupational structure; using potential resources
ineffective and unsustainable; environment is changed in a bad way; exported
aquatic products face strict requirements and trade barriers; shifting
occupational structure due to economic development leading to shortage of
labor resources for fisheries; legal system, post-harvest losses in seafood
exploitation are very high; access to capital is still difficult.
Limitations: Vietnam and Japan have not reached an agreement on
quarantine of agricultural and aquatic products, especially antibiotic residues


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and impurities in the production and export of aquatic products; The price of
goods is still high due to labor productivity, technological equipment, quality
of input materials; Trade promotion activities are still slow and
embarrassing ...
Cause: Japan is one of the markets that are considered highly protected;
psychological savings in consumption of Japanese people; fishery production
in particular of Vietnam is still in a fragmented and backward state; greatly
dependent on natural conditions and seasonal characteristics; The level of
science and technology is low so in production, processing and harvesting
have very high losses and losses, leading to higher production costs.
Chapter 3
ORIENTATION AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS OF VIETNAM'S
TUNA SUPPLY CHAIN FOR THE JAPANESE MARKET

3.1. The domestic and international context affects Vietnam's supply chain
for the Japanese market
3.1.1. SWOT analysis of ocean tuna supply chain in the current context
On the basis of using the SWOT analysis model of ocean tuna products,
thereby setting the direction for the supply chain of tuna products for the
Japanese market to 2025, vision 2030. (O1 ) CPTPP Agreement facilitates
Vietnamese tuna products, (T1) competitive pressure from rivals increases,
(S1) fish stocks tend to increase, (W1) fragile small production needs to be
improved good.
3.1.2. Consumption trend of tuna products of Japan market, opportunities
and challenges for Vietnam tuna supply chain
Japanese fresh and frozen tuna market
Japanese tuna import market is increasing, especially processed products.
In particular, Japan imports processed tuna products (canned tuna) 15% (the
amount of imports for canned tuna market is 8%), tuna products make Sashimi
dishes. accounting for 62%, dried tuna products accounted for 23% (3% of
imports for dried tuna products).
Market canned tuna


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From year 2010 to 2017 market for canned tuna products increased. Shows
the shift of the Japanese market for tuna products. Consumer demand is still
very much focused on processed tuna products, then fresh sashimi products
and frozen sashimi.
Technology trends affect the supply chain of tuna products
- Increase coordination and collaboration in the supply chain
- Requires timely and accurate data as a basis for creating effective supply
strategies
- Cold chain is focused and strictly controlled

- Artificial intelligence applications in managing and operating supply
chains
3.2. Orientations and perspectives, for ocean tuna fishing vision to 2030
3.2.1. Orienting the supply chain of tuna products of Vietnam to the
Japanese market
The development of tuna product exploitation must be based on a
sustainable basis, trade activities for tuna products need to meet the principles
of the World Trade Organization, implement safeguard measures. protect and
manage, apply new technologies to the operation of the chain.
3.2.2. Target
General objectives:
Complete the logistic service system to meet the needs of the chain
Completing the infrastructure system for ocean tuna fishing, managing
product quality control
Target by stage:
Period 2015-2020: developing and increasing the scale of tuna fleets and
products must meet the requirements of traceability, developing fishery logistic
services ...
Period 2020-2030: Reduce costs in the chain, strongly develop cold chain,
well perform the forecast of fishing ground and promote products.
3.2.3. Points
- Need to strengthen quality control to meet increasing requirements
- Strengthen the use of long-term linkages among members of the chain


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- Diversifying products, emphasizing the leading role of tuna processing
and exporting enterprises
- The state management agency should have appropriate policies to
motivate the members of the chain.

3.3. Solution to complete ocean tuna supply chain
3.3.1. Solutions for businesses
Group of solutions for fishing production:
Strengthening the operational management of offshore fishing fleet:
strengthening the management and reorganization of production forms for the
fleet of ships involved in offshore fishing is now very important. . The content
mainly focuses on the following issues:
- Manage the fishing ground and operation time of the ship
- Control strictly the illegal fishing forms
- Understand the changes in resources, the situation of fish catches to adjust
reasonable production plans
Increasing investment, improving quality of fleets and exploitation
technology
Training on developing human resources for marine exploitation: It is
necessary to have policies from enterprises to attract fishermen to participate
in training and developing human resources for marine exploitation activities,
encouraging children of fishermen to participate. training classes, gradually
becoming skilled fishermen according to standards
Technology of exploiting and preserving products: Increasing the number
of ships with large capacity, applying new technologies to preserving tuna after
exploitation, forming cold cargo fleets, to maintain the value of nutrition.
Nursing as well as tuna products after extraction.
Relationships and forms of production organization: Pay attention to
logistics activities and support services: Services at fishing ports and fishing
ports; ship repair facilities; fisheries forecasting; Enhance the fleet of service
and logistics technology fish.
Group of solutions for export processing enterprises:


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Solutions on raw material sources: In order to improve the creation of
goods sources in the coming time, it is necessary to pay attention to the
organization of training and professional development of cadres in charge of
purchasing, limiting the purchase and sale through intermediate suppliers to
minimize costs and master the source of goods.
Supplier solutions: Maintain and develop good relationships with domestic
suppliers. Organize guidelines for Japanese owners in the local regulations of
purchasing, preserving and transporting materials
Solution on production and export: It is necessary to focus on improving
the quality of goods, increasing labor productivity through enhancing the
procurement of high quality raw materials, controlling the content of histamine
in raw materials, lifting production conditions: factories, equipment,
implementing quality management program under HACCP.
Customer solutions: Need to promote marketing strategy to introduce
products through fairs, professional sales websites ... to find more new
customers, good retail distributors on the Japanese market. Copy.
Consumer solutions: Need to diversify products in a more convenient way
for consumers, towards products that are ready to cook, ready to eat.
Establishing a branch in Japan to directly introduce products, gradually
moving to bring branded products of Vietnamese enterprises to penetrate the
retail market in Japan
Solution of service providers: Need to strengthen the search for new
logistic service providers, creating initiative in export activities, limiting
dependence on major shipping companies.
Complete and implement links in the chain: Establishing and cooperating
activities must derive from the needs of the people and participate in
cooperative groups must bring economic benefits to each household. Promote
vertical links in production development, encourage product consumption
through contracts.
Branding, eco-labeling for products: Commitment, comply with product

quality standards, environmental protection certified by independent


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organizations such as MSC eco-labels or certification HACCP product
manufacturing process, ISO 22000 ...
Improving product quality: It is necessary to apply new technologies in
exploitation, change production and exploitation methods; strengthen
coordination of fishing vessels, logistics services, processing enterprises, state
management agencies.
Participating in supporting the parties in the chain, market transparency: As
a core and dominant of the supply chain, implementing transparency in price,
cost of the chain, quality standards for tuna ocean, responsibilities of chain
actors.
Recommended model for ocean tuna supply chain
- Model for supply chain of tuna products
- Cold chain model for Vietnam tuna products
- Modeling the relationship between state management agencies and
members in the chain
3.3.2. Proposals to the State
In the context of deep integration, increasingly high level of competition,
tight trade agreements will make the state management resources more
difficult to be used flexibly, in accordance with the circumstances reality. In
terms of improving the quality of offshore fishing, the State needs to create
strong investment policies and mechanisms to create the driving force for
investment flows from enterprises and fishermen.
The State should also encourage the expansion of cross-linking forms
among enterprises such as the establishment of associations and professional
associations, so that from the commitments to build the image and brand of
enterprises towards the formation of trade National brand.

The state needs to create an open credit mechanism, coupled with
increasing popular propaganda to people about safe products.
The state should support vocational training for fishermen in parallel with
granting credit so that they can expand investment in machinery and
equipment, expand production activities.


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Science, technology and fishery activities: Strengthening research and
application of technology in exploitation, storage, processing, transport,
management and information systems for tuna supply chain positive.
International Cooperation: International cooperation with Governments and
with countries and regional and international fisheries management
organizations, with non-governmental organizations on environmental
protection, protection of endangered species level of interest and positive
implementation. Actively participate in preventing, preventing and abolishing
illegal, unreported and non-regulated fishing activities.
Building the image of Vietnam as a responsible fishery country: It is
evident that Vietnam is a responsible country in managing fishing activities in
the direction of efficiency and sustainability associated with it. Social security
gradually improves the material and spiritual life of the fishing community.
Continue to update, change, supplement and improve the system of legal
documents to serve as a basis to improve the management efficiency of the
industry.
Enhancing the ability to access capital sources for the members of the
chain: Raising the maximum loan without collateral of some customers who
are individuals and households. The model and mobilization of professional
social organizations should be used: communal authorities, farmers'
associations, Women's Union, Fatherland Front .. to act as loan agents of the
Bank, especially those where there are no branches of active banks.

International cooperation and development of ocean-fishing fisheries need
to be strengthened:
Coordinate with international organizations WCPFC, FAO, APFIC,
SEAPDEC to improve the capacity of the management system, to ensure that
Vietnamese seafood (tuna) products can penetrate into the markets of countries
and countries. Vietnamese fishing vessels can also participate in fishing in
waters under the management of this organization.
3.3.3. Recommendations for the Association
International

cooperation

and

promotion

of

fisheries

activities:

Implementing well the program "Seafood enterprises committed to exploiting


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IUU", applying information technology "CATCH" in checking the origin of
aquatic products product.
Business support, comments and recommendations on legal policies: The
Association strengthens its role of commenting or participating in reviewing

many drafts of Laws, regulations, Circulars, helping businesses work better. .
Enhance the Association's existing relations with relevant State,
community, industry associations and research institutions, and the relationship
between businesses and actors in the supply chain.
Suggestions, criticisms and proposals of the Association should be directed
towards expressing the attitude, responsibility to the community and society,
ensuring the sustainable development of the industry and contributing to the
improvement of a better business environment.
CONCLUSION
In fact in Vietnam, the use of supply chain theory has been mentioned a lot
recently. However, the benefits of supply chains to businesses are not really
clear. Most Vietnamese enterprises have not really participated in the process
of formation and development of product supply chains. This limitation is
related to many factors, both from an economic perspective and from an
enterprise perspective.
In the research process of the thesis “Solutions to complete the supply
chain of tuna products for the Japanese marke’’, the researcher has approached
from the theory of developing the supply chain of products to manure.
analyzing, assessing the status of development of supply chain of tuna
products and factors affecting the development of tuna supply chain of
Vietnam. Since then, in order to complete the supply chain of tuna products for
the Japanese market, the thesis has drawn some following conclusions:
(1) Supply chain of Vietnamese products for the Japanese market has a
tight link. It is recommended to use long-term contracts, better information
sharing among members in the chain, and market transparency is also a good
way to increase the cohesion among members.
(2) Must change for exploitation through the application of new technology
in this activity. Along with that is the labor training activities, transferring new

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methods of tuna exploitation to increase productivity and ensure product
quality.
(3) Cold chain formation, helping to preserve products from exploitation to
post-processing. Product parameters, raw materials for preservation activities
are controlled, thereby ensuring and maintaining high quality products.
(4) Strengthen and improve the quality of fishery logistics, especially at sea
logistics, at fishing ports and other support services.
(5) Reducing the rate of post-harvest losses, improving the quality of pine
products using new technologies in the chain: mining technology, preservation
technology, processing technology and information technology. Since then,
Vietnamese tuna products have met the requirements of traceability.
(6) Enhancing the responsibility of the role of ocean tuna processing and
exporting enterprises in the chain. Due to the grasp of market information,
there is a close connection with importers which are prerequisites for these
enterprises to play the leading role of the chain.
(7) The development of the supply chain will increase the competitiveness
of Vietnam's tuna products to penetrate and expand the mayor in countries with
strict standards for general food products. and ocean tuna products in
particular.
(8) For state management agencies, there should be better support policies
for the supply chain of tuna products. In particular, attention should be paid to
the development of a large-capacity fleet, improvement of the seaport system
and good credit policies for fishermen and businesses, supporting activities to
promote market expansion and construction. branding for Vietnamese tuna
products.
(9) For the Association, it is necessary to strengthen the association
between the Association and its members, between the Association and state
management agencies. Since then, supporting the members in the chain in
training resources, applying technology in the chain, promotion activities,

proposing proposals to state management agencies.