Vài nét về đời sống xã hội của phụ nữ thành thị đầu thế kỷ XX qua một số tờ báo đương thời

Tli Llfu - DiNH CHfNH sO Ll|U

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OilU TH§ KY XX QUA M O T SO Td BAO O U U N G THOTl

NGUYEN THI Lfi H A '

D

iu t h i ky XX, nhflng san phim cua
vfin hda phUdng Tfiy dfi mang lgi
cho ngudi dfin Vift Nam, dfc bift 1ft ngUdi
dan thftnh thi nhflng "mdn fin" tinh t h i n
mdi. Dd Ift tilu thuyit lang man, thd mdi,
phim anh, kieh nghf, kbifiu vfl, thdi
trang..., dflc bift 1ft bfio ehi. Cd t h i ndi,
cflng vdi sU phat triln eua bfio chi tiing
Vift, nhiiu vfi'n dl xa bpi dupc phan finh,
trong dd thay doi loi song cua phy nfl
thftnh thi ^^ trong gia dinh din ngofti xfi
Kpi la mft vft'n d i dUde bfio chf dfc bift
quan tfim.

bfio cflng nhu bfio dftnh ridng cho phy nO
khdng nhilu. TrUdc Cfich mang thfing Tam
nfim 1945, 6 Vift Nam chi ed mft sift td bfio
ehuyen bift dfinh rifing cho phu nfl, cua phy
nfl vft vi phy nfl, tieu bilu nhfi't: Td Phu nil
tdn van, ra 273 stf thi cd 202 bfti viit vi cac
vfiii di eiia phy nfl trong dd nhilu bfti dftng 4,

5 si! Td Phong hda-Ngdy nay ra 190 si, cd
104 bfii viit lifin quan din phu nil Phu nS
thM ddm cd 78 bfti viit vl phy nO... Su ton tgi
ciia ddng bfio phy nfl nfty da khing dinh phy
nfl Vift Nam ngfiy cfing du^c xfi hfi quan
tfim.

Nhflng thay dii vi ddi song phu nfl
thftnh thi Vift Nam thdi ky nfty lfi mft vfi'n
de rdng. Trong bfti viit nfty chflng tSi xin
bftn din thay dii trong ddi sShg xft hfi cua
phy nfl thftnh thi dfiu t h i ky XX trfin 3
khfa cgnh: phy nfl lfim bfio, efie hogt dfng
xa hpi vft t h i thao dflpc phan finh qua mft
so td bfio dfldng thdi.

ThSng qua nhiing noi dung dU^ phan
finh trfin cfic td bfio hofic chuyen myc dfinh
ridng cho phy nfl, ehiing ta cd t h i thfi'y cfic
nhfi bfio nfl din dua dupc nhflng thay dii
vi loi song cua phy nfl trong gia (finh vft
ngofii xa hfi len diln dftn bfio chf cdng khai
dl thao luftn tit tinh ydu-hdn nhan, nuSi
dgy con cfii, nfi tn?, trang phye, Iftm dgp,
edng vifc, hpc hftnh, t h i thao... tao nfin mft
difn mgo ridng, mft sftc thfii rieng cho tflng
td bfio nfl. Td NH gidi chung (1) 1ft td bfio
diu tifin cl nUdc ta chfl trpng den vifc dgy nfl

Phu nQ thdnh thi tham gia ldm bdo

Bao chf Vift Nam ra ddi mufn nhflng
phy nfl thfinh th} tham gia lfim bfio chuydn
nghifp edn mufn hdn. Phu nfl tham gia viit
'ThS. Vifn Sil hpc


Vftt n&t v& d£rt atfng xn hfl ciia phu nCr...
cdng, dflc hgnh phy nfl, phfi phfin lufit If
kbit khe dSi vdi nfl gidi, ding thdi ehu
trUdng diu tt^inh, manh m€ eho vfin dl binh
dftng nam nfl. Dftc bift, NH gidi chung rfi't
quan tam din vfin d i di hoe cua phu nfl. Td
Phu nU tdn vdn (2) chuyen vi vifc nudi dgy
con cfii, tinh ydu hSn nhfin, gifio dye, hogt
dfng xa hfi... Td Phong hda-Ngdy nay (3)
cac bfti viit chu yiu di eftp din thdi trang,
flng xfl, thi thao, tf ngn xa hfi. Td Phg nU
thdi ddm (4) dl eftp tdi tinh y§u, hdn nhfin,
gia dinh, nudi dgy eon vft hpc hftnh...
Gdp phin eho si^ thftnh cdng cua nhflng
td bfio tren Ift nhOng phu nfl c6 tri thflc,
manh dgn, tfl tin tieu biiu nhu bft SUdng
Nguyft Anh chu td NH gidi chung, bft
Nguyin Dflc Nhufin chu tdPhu nU t&n vdn,
bft Nguyin Thi Xuyin chu td Phu nQ thdi
ddm. Cfic td bfio nfl dat dUpc thfinh cong,
bdn cgnh ngfldi chu nhifm, ehu bflt, khong
thi khSng nhic tdi nhflng nhfi bfio nfl, hp
vfla 1ft cfiy bflt ehinh eiia td bao, vfla 1ft
nhiing cpng tfic vifin eua cac td bfio khftc.

Cd thi ndi, cfic nhft bfio nfl ngfty cftng
khfing dinh dUpc vi tri cua minh trong lftng
bao, dd lfi Pham Vfin Anh, Van Dfti, Le Tbi
Huynh Lan, Nguyen Thi Bach Minh, Trin
Thi Hudng... cua td Phu nU tdn vdn; CS
Duyfin, Thu Tfim... cua td Phong hda-Ngdy
nay; Trin Thi Trinh Chinh, Lidn HUdng,
Thu Vfin... cua td Phu nU thdi ddm; Gig
Thao, Mme Nguyin Thi An Hda, Da Lan,
Madame Tdn T h i t Vinh, Nguyin Tbi Bach
Mai... ciia td Phu nH tdn vdn... Trong dd noi
bftt mdt s i tfin tuoi nfl nhft bao: Bft SUdng
Nguyft Anh-nfl chu bao diu tien vdi cac
bfii viit v i nfl quyen vft vai trd cua phu nfl;
Nguyin Dflc Nhufn (5) ehuyen viit ve cfich
nuSi dgy con, cfic t i chflc xfi hfi; Phan Thj
Nga (6), chuydn viit v i the thao, efie to
chflc xa hfi; CS Duyfin (7) chuyfin viit vl
flng xii, thdi trang eua phu nfl; Nguyin Thi

Kiem (8) ehuyen viit vi tinh ylu hdn nhan,
gia dinh, cfic t l chflc xa hfi; Hujnh Thi Bao
Hda-ngfldi phy nfl diu tien viit tiiu
thuyit; Thuy An (9) viit nhilu thi loai tfl
xfi thuyit, phdng sU, phong vfi'n, thd...
Mft trong nhflng nfi dung dupe bfio chf
bftn lufn adi nd'i lue dd ehlnh lfi vifc lUa
chpn mftu sie khi may quin fio theo Iii mdi
vfi cfich trang dilm sao eho phfl hpp. Nhiiu
ngUdi ebon mftu chua dflpc sftnh "phdn

nhiiu cd theo nhau hodc cd theo ky hdng
eua ede hiiu budn ta lua md chgn mdu, it
ngiidi biet tim mot mdu viia hgp vdi da
minh lgi vUa hgp vdi thdi tidl^' (10), dl may
trang phuc... Vi nhflng hgn che eua chi em
khi mflc theo loi mdi nen bfio ehi thdi ky
nfty ddng vai trd quEtn trpng trong vifc day
cfieh lua chpn mftu sflc, chfi't lifu cho phu
hpp nhu td Nam phong, Phu nS tdn vdn,
Phong hod vd Ngdy nay. Cae bfii viet da
din giai nhflng tinh cfich eua cac mftu, sU
lien lge cua eae mftu vdi canh sic chung
quanh, tifiu bieu nhU: "Cdch dn mac cua
ngiidi Nam ta" Nam phong (so 8-1921);
"Thdi tiet vdi sdc mdu y phuc" Ngfiy nay (so
26-1936); "Mdu sdc y phuc miia thu" Ngay
nay (ai 28-1936); "Cdch ddnh phdn cho hgp
vdi mdu do" Ngfty nay (si 31-1936)... Tuy
chj em cung cdn ed nhflng mft ban che
nhung "du to cho ta biet cdi trinh dd mgnh
bgo theo mdi vi phuc sUc, thich sU thay doi
vd biet sdn soc cdi dep cua chi em tdi bgc
ndo rdi" (11).
Bfin cgnh nhflng bf trang phye dupe
may theo loi mdi ed anh hUdng tfl thdi
trang Phfip, vfin d i trang dilm lam dep
cung dupe bao chi dfic bift quan tfim, cS vfl
chi em lftm dep. Chinh vi vfy da cd nhiiu
phy nfl den cfic cfla hftng thdi trang, my
phim dl mua sam nhflng mot thinh hfinh.

Khdng chi trang diem khudn mft, hp cdn
quan tfim chfim adc lfin da, vdc dfing aao


Rghien eihi Lieh si. stf 3.gQ12
cho thfin hlnh khod mgnh luSn tUdi tri. Tfl
dd cfieh nhin nhfn dfinh gifi vd dpp eiia
ngudi phy nfl cflng thay dii. Trfldc dfiy cfic
thiiu nfl Vift Nam 16, 17 tuli diu nhuf m
rftng den "Nhiing cd hdng xin rdng den.
Ciidi nhii mua thu tod ndng" (12), cd nfto dl
rfing trftng bj thiin hg cho 1ft khSng dflng
din "rang den Id m^t ydu td cua nhan sde
ddn bd con gdi" (13). Tfl khi vfln hofi
phUdng Tfiy trftn vfio ngudi ta eho ring
"rdng trdng ngdy nay lgi Id mgt yiu tdcua
sdc dep vd m^t biiu hi^n cda vdn minh"
(14). Diiu nfiy chua bao gid ed dii vdi phy
nfl Vift Nam: "khdng bao gid ve d^p ngiidi
ddn bd diige ea tung, diige chdm chut, diigc
khuyin khich vd dii^ phd tnidng bdng bdy
gid. Trong cdc nhdt bdo, tudn bdo, tgp ehi
khdng mdy thii Id khdng ed it ra mgt muc
ndi ve ve d^p cua chung ta" (15).
Cd t h i ndi, bfio chi tiing Vift Iflc dd ed
ddng gdp rfi't ldn trong vifc eo dfng, khich
If phy nfl ftn mf c, trang diim theo ISi mdi.
Tren trang diu tft't ea cfic s i ciia td Phu nQ
Tdn vdn diu cd cfiu:
Phdn son td diim son hd

Ldm eho rgng mdt ddn bd niide Nam.
Td Phong hod-Ngdy nay cua nhdm Tfl
Lyc Vftn Doftn h i u nhu s i nfto cung cd ft
nhit mft bfti viit vl cfieh lfim d?p... Cd thi
ndi, bfio chf ddng vai trd r i t tfeh cvic trong
vifc Ifim thay dii ISi sing eua ngfldi phy
nfl. Cfic td bfio da dfing nhiing bfti viit phfin
tfeh ti mi mft tfeh eye cua bf trang phye
may theo kilu tfin thdi di ehi em hfldng flng
nhflng ding thdi cung Ifin fin nhiing ngUdi
phy nfl Ipi dyng vfto cai cfich dd dl "tfin tiin
hoa" lftm giam di ve dpp cua nd. "Ngiidi ta
bdy gid dd bidt rang, dirdng trdng. vdn tdc
trdn mdc qudn khdng den cung co thi nhd
nhgn lich sii dugc. Nhiing khi ngiidi ta
tudng cd dn vdn nhU thi Id lich sU thi ngiM

ldm to. Cdi lich sii khdng phdi d sii thay ddi
con eon dy, lich 8\i Id biit dn mdc cho phdi
ldi, cho thick hgp vdi cdng viSc, lich sU Id
ddng ldi thdi, Hch thich, dUng bdn thiu,
nhiing lich sU cung Id diing Ididng. DU dn
mdc ldi cd hay ldi mdi, cdi lieh sU v&n
khdng thi thay ddi" (16).
Tuy cdn nhiiu hgn c h i vi bi phu thufc
vfto chfnh quyin thufc dia, nhflng cftc td
bfio nfl, cfic tfic gia nfl da cd ddng gdp khSng
nhd trong vifc hlnh thftnh mft ISi aing thi
dfin. Cung tfl cSng vifc lftm bfio, mft a i nfl
nhft bfio dft ed cam tinh hoftc tn^e tiip tham

gia hpat dfng cfich mgng nhu Phan Thj
Nga, Dgm PhUdng nfl si, Nguyin Thi Lyu
(17), Vfin Dfii (18)...
Vifc phy nfl tham gia lftm bao vfto diu
t h i ky XX dfi md ra mft con dUdng mdi, Ift
tiln dl dl tham gia vfto cae hogt dfng xfi
hfi, ed diiu Idfn hpc hdi, md mang tri thflc
vft Cling cd kha nftng lftm nhiing edng vifc
mft vin trudc Ida chi giftnh rieng cho nam
gidi. Cd dupc kit qua nhfl t h i mft phin do
anh hfldng cua vftn hda phUdng Tfiy tdi
nhiing tri thflc tiin bf quan tfim din phy
nfl, dfi nhift huyit ci dfng phy nfl thofit
khdi khudn k h i gia dinh. Dfiy lfi nhiing anh
hudng meuig tfnh tfch ci^c mfi phy nfl dfi tiip
thu dU0c tfl nhflng mft inh hudng ciia vfin
hda phUdng Tfiy du nhfp vfto Vift Nam.
Phy. nQ thdnh thi tham gia cdc cdng vi&c
xd hdi.
Bing bfio chf vft efie hogt dfng xa hfi
nhiiu phy nfl thftnh thi nhflng nftm diu
t h i ky XX da lfim dfiy 16n phong trfio ddi ti;!
do, binh ding. Hp ra bfio, viit bfio, t i chflc
hfi chp dftnh riSng eho phy nfl, vfn dfng,
kdu gpi tft't ca moi ngudi quySn gdp giflp
ding bfio bi ngn, giflp hpc ainh nghfio du
hoc, giflp Hfi Dye Anh chfim sSc trS em mi
edi, di diln thuyit k h i p ndi tuyin truyin

Vdi nit v& ddi adng xa hQl eiJa phu nOr...
vftn dfng phy nfl (19)... Tifu bilu cho
nhflng ngudi phu nfl Sfti Gdn lin diu tidn
diing trUdc ca ngftn ngUdi d Hdi chg Phu nd
ndm 1932 dl diln thuyit 1ft cS Ngpc Thanh
ndi vi Ddn bd yd Due Anh, bft Phgm Vfin
Gia diln thuyit viTudo ki't hdn. vft raft s i
cd nfl sinh trUdng nil hpc diin thuyit vl
Phu nQ thi thao. cd Bfli Thi Ut ndi vi NQ
luu ddi vdi thi due, cd Nguyin Thi KiSm
ndi vl vft'n di NQ lUu vd van hgc... C6 thi
ndi vfto nfim 1932 phy nfl diln thuyit trUde
dfim ddng Ifi mft cufc cfich mgng ldn doi
vdi ngudi phy nfl quanh nfim chi biit din
nfi tn?, chfim lo gia dinh. "SU diin thuydt
tuy Id mdt sii hay ho nhung vdn Id mdt sU
rdt kho khdn. Cdc bd cdc cd tQ hdi ndo din
bdy gid chUa hi ndi chuyin giQa cdng chung
thi cdi tdi cao ddm hiing biin chac la chUa
CO bao nhieu... Chi em phu nQ ta biidc lin
diin ddn trong Hdi chg ndy tiic Id bUdc
biidc ddu trSn con dUdng gidi phong dd'
(20).
Cd Nguyen Thi Kifim, mft trong nhflng
ngfldi khdi xfldng phong trfio thd mdi.
Thang 7-1933, ed lfi ngudi phy nfl diu tien
diln thuyit v i 'ISi thd mdi" tgi Hdi
khuyin hpe Hft Nfi. Tai buoi dien thuyit
dd bfio "Phu nQ tdn vdn da dfinh gia "Hdi
khuyen hgc thdnh lap dd 25 ndm, mdi cd

phu nQ lin diin ddn cua hgi ldn thU nhdt
vd cung mdi co cudc diin thuydt ndy duge
ddng thinh gid hdn hit" (21). Nftm 1934
trong chuyin di khao sat eiia bfio Phu nd
t&n vdn, eS Nguyin Thi Kiem da diln
thuyit 6 Hpi Khai tri tiin dflc v l vin de
Mdt ngdy cua ngUdi ddn bd tdn tiin. Tai
buoi diln thuyit eua co cd mfi'y ngfin ngUdi
din du. CS Phan Thi Nga 1ft mft trong
nhflng ngUdi mgnh dan dflng trUdc dSng
ngudi diln thuyit mft vin de mdi 'Thy nfl
vft t h i dye" tgi trfldng Thi due b Hft Noi,
bull diln thuyit eua cd da thu hut 2.000

ngudi din nghe. Tiip budc efie dftn chi, vfto
ngfty 13-1-1938 cd Phan Thi Phfl, T>y vien
cua Hfi finh Sfing Hfi Nfi diln thuyit tgi
Nhft bfit ldn Hai Phdng vi Cdng cudc xd
hdi. dudng ldi dua chi em din sU gidi
phdng. CuSi bfti diln thuyit c6 nhin
manh: "T6i mong rdng do se Id y nghi
chung cua chi em bgn gdi chung ta, vd y
nghi dy se cd du ly nhe dS khuydn khich
chi em nde ldng bgo dgn, vui ve, cilng vdi
ban trai ldm viec cho dodn dnh Sdng:
trUdcld giup ngUdi, sau giup minh. Giup
ngddi bdt thieu thdn ve hinh thdc vd tinh
thdn. Giup minh gidi phong mdt cdch
chinh ddng vd y nhi" (22). Cd tbi ndi, qua
nhflng buoi dien thuyit trUdc rft't ddng

ngfldi tham dU, khdng chi to chflc tai efie
thftnh pho ldn nbu Sfti Gdn, Hfi Nfi mft
cdn b efie tinh Dft Nfing, Cin Thd, Hai
Phdng, Bic Ninh, Nam Dinh... phy nfl vfin
cd t h i tu tin dien thuyit trdi chay, dilu
nfiy cho thfi'y trtnh df hpc vfi'n, sU hiiu biit
xa hdi vfi sU tu tin cua phu nfl thfinh thi.
Diu t h i ky XX, phu nfl thftnh thi mgnh
dgn tham gia vfio cfic hogt dfng xa hdi 1ft
mpt budc tien ldn. Tai thfinh thi phu nfl
tham gia vfto cfic dofin thi nhU Hpi Tri Tri,
Hdi anh Sfing, Nfl cdng Hpc Hdi, Doftn
Hudng dao... trong cfic buoi bpcfi'yda ed rfi't
nhiiu phu nfl phat bieu hofic dien thuyit
the hifn sU hieu biet "to ra minh chiu suy
xet, dd thdu hiiu vd rdy bdy tinh thd cda
phu nd trong cdc giai cdp mdt cdch rdnh re,
ggn gdng. Dieu dd ehdng to "phu nQ ta dd
tha thiit nghi tdi sd phdn minh, nghi tdi
quyin lgi minh, dd hiiu minh "mudn"
nhdng gi vd dd biit nhdn cd hdi ndy tim
cdch eho ngddi ta rd chi nguyin" (23).
Phu nd thdnh thi vdi the thao
MSt trong nhflng thay doi vi tU duy vft
ISi song cua ngudi phu nfl thftnh thi nhflng
nfim diu the ky XX dUdc phan anh tren bao


Rghian eihi Ljch aJr. s6 3.2012
chf, ehinh Ift vfi'n d i t h i thao. Bfio chf ddng

vai trd tuy gifin tiip nhung mang lgi hifu
qua rfi't cao trong nhifm vy tuyfin truyin
phy nfl tham gia cfic hogt dfng t h i thao:
"Thi thao Id sdc khoe. Id s{e tri trung. Id
nhan sdc cua ddn bd. Do Id mgt chdn ly
mong cho ddn bd nddc ta nhgn, hiiu Idy vd
tin theo mdt cdch hii ldng". Bdi "khdng ed
mgt vi thudc ndo c6 thi ldm tri dUgc lgi
bdng sd tdp luy$n thi thao" (24).
Mft s i td bfio nhfl Phu nd Tdn vdn,
Phong hda-Ngdy nay... khSng nhflng tfeh
ci^c ci dfng phy nfl tham gia cfic hogt dfng
thi thao. Mfi cdn dfla ra nhilu bfti tfp t h i
thao giflp ngudi phy nfl gifl dupc thfin
hinh khde, dgp nhfl: cfic dfng tfic tfp eo
thon nhd, hUdng d i n tfip thd d i hlnh t h i
sfin gpn, tfip dflng ldn ngoi xuing, hudng
din chdi cfic mdn t h i thao nhu tennit,
bdng bfin... Moi dfng tfic diu ed hinh vi
minh hpa giflp cho ngUdi hpc dl nhd. Diu
nhflng nflm 30 cua t h i ky XX phu nQ
thftnh thi tham gia chdi t h i thao dfi thyc
sU trd thftnh mft phong trfto dupe ddng
dao phu nfl hudng flng nhu di xe dgp, di bf,
bdng bftn, Ifp dfi dfi bdng, thftnh Ifp sfin
quin vpt„.
Nhiing phy nfl da dupc nhilu ngudi biit
tfin trfin sfin quin vgt nhu: "d trong Nam cd
chi Ut, chi Nam, hai chi bdy trddng dd
nhiiu phen ra mdt cdng ehiing trin sdn xi

mdng. Ngodi Bac, hi^n nay cd bd DdOng
Binh Tdy d Hdi Phdng dd tdng phen so vgt
vdi chi em phu nd Phdp trin sdn Cereledes
sports. Bd Hodng Xudn Hdn trddc kia cdn
day hoe d Ninh Binh, dd tdng ldm bgn vdi
chiic qudn vgt. Bd Ddng Trinh Kf vd bd
Ddm Quang Trddng tnidc kia dd ndi tiing
Id hai cdy vgt cd gid tri d miin Bdc" (25).
"Chi em Trung bd ba bd'n ndm nay ham mthi thao ldm. Hdi ehgPhu nd nam 1932 dd
CO cdc cd Phi Hudng, Phi Hdng, Bich Hd,

Thgc ra ddnh ping phong di giytt coupe"
(26). Dl ci dfng cho chj em ngfiy cfing
nhiiu ngudi tham gia chdi t h i thao, nhfi
thiit k i Tyu Hiin, thiit k i trang phye thi
thao giftnh rifing cho phy nfl, vft dgy cfich
trang dilm Iflc chdi t h i thao nhu t h i nfto
cho phfl hpp.
O Hft Nfi, aau mft ngfty lftm vifc vit va
cl trdn "diidng CdNgd chung tdi dugc trdng
thdy cdc bd, cdc cd nh^ nhdng ngdi tr&n xe
dgp di chdi mdt hogc vdi chdng vdi con, vdi
anh em, chi em hay vdi bgn bi. Tivng hd
True bgch, nhdng chiic thuyin mdnh de,
trdng tinh, lUdt trin mdt niide, do hai cdnh
tay dio dang, mim mgi cua chi em bgn tre
dUa ra theo tdng nhip rdt diu" (27).
Dfiy 1ft mft hinh anh im dim, hgnh
phflc eiia cfic cd gai Hfi Nfi. Hp khdng cdn e

If, xft'u h i mii khi di dfiu eflng ching, ho ti;t
tin chdi t h i thao hofic khofic tay ching di
dgo. Dfiy lfi mft si^ thay dii r i t ldn trong
nhfn thflc ciia ngUdi phy nfl Hft Nfi.
Tuy nhien, trfin bfio chf cflng cd r i t
nhiiu ngudi phan doi phu nQ tham gia t h i
thao. Hp dfla ra nhiiu \f do nhu muin phy
nfl ehu tft't vifc nhft hay chdi thi thao sg
mfi't hit thdi gid, se hgi din sflc khde... Cd
ngudi cdn nSi "Ddn bd cd ddu nhay nhdt
trSn sdn, coi bdt nhd"... Vifc phy nfl chdi
t h i thao cflng vin cdn nhilu f kiin khfic
nhau, nhung do thiy dflpc lpi fch cho sflc
khde vfi sic dgp nfin nhiiu phu nfl vin
tham gia. Chfnh nhflng ngudi cd tinh thin
nhift huyit vdi t h i thao da ISi kio dU0c
mft ting ldp Idn phy nfl cdn dang b ngfldng
eiia ngf p ngflng, e nggi.
Nhdn xit
Cd t h i nSi, anh hfldng cua vfin hSa
phUdng Tfiy din Vift Nam diu t h i ky XX
da tfic dfng mgnh tdi phy ni3 thftnh thj.
Mft trong nhOng mfit tfch eye nhft't cua
phu nQ trong qua trinh tiip xuc, hSi nhfp


Vol n6t vg den sdng x& hfl ciia phy n&...
vdi vftn hda phUdng Tfiy diu the ky XX qua
bao chf chfnh Ift vifc thay dS'i nhfn thflc
cua ngudi phu nfl. Cd thi ndi lin dlu tidn

trong lieh sfl, hp da mgnh dgn dflng lfin
dfi'u tranh chong lgi nhflng tfip tuc xa hfi
cu nhim ddi cac quyln vl ty do, binh ding
trong nhieu Iinh vUc. Cupc sing mdi da
dem lai eho ngUdi phy nfl nhieu ed hpi
thfing tiin hdn, binh ding hdn. Trong gia
^nh, ngUdi phu nfl da cd quyfi^n ty quyit
dinh hanh phflc, chfim sdc con cfii bing
nhflng kiin thflc khoa hpc. BSn ngofti xa
hfi, ngudi phu nfl cung c6 nhilu ed hfi t b i
hifn tfti nftng vdi nam gidi nhU lftm bfio,
_ thi thao, diln thuyit trUde dfim ddng, lftm
nhiing cdng vifc minh Ua thfch nhU: lftm
thd, sang tac vfin hpc, ddng Idch, hfi hpa...
Tieu bilu nhU Anh Thd, nhft thd nfl diu
tifin dogt giai thudng cua Tu LUc Vfin Dofin
nflm 1939 vdi tfip Bdc Tranh Qui, Le Tbi
Lyu-ngudi phy nfl Vift Nam diu tien tot
nghiep trudng My thuftt Ddng DUdng khda
3, vfi mdt so nhft bao nfl cd tiing Iflc bfi'y gid
nbU: Phan Thi Nga, Lien HUdng, Thu Vfin,
C3 Duyen, Mme Nguyen Dflc Nhufin,
Nguyen Thi Kiem...
Tfl thay dd'i trong nhfin thflc din din
nhflng thay doi trong ddi song gia dinh vft
xa boi, noi bfit trong ddi song xa hfi chinh

lfi vifc phy nfl thftnh thi da mgnh dan, tu
tin tham gia edng tfic xa hdi, efie hogt dfng
thi dye t h i thao vft dft dgt dupe nhflng

thftnh tyu nhfi't d;nh. Tuy vfiy, s i phy nfl
tham gia vin ehua nhifi'u, chu yiu 1ft
nhflng phy nfl cd dilu kifn hpc b trUdng
Tay hofic cd difi'u kifn thudng xuyfin tiip
xflc vdi vfin hda phUdng Tfiy. Chfnh vi t h i
s i lupng phy nfl tfin tiin vin cdn hgn chi.
VI mfit tfch ci^c, bfio chf tiing Vift diu t h i
ky XX ndi chung vfi phy nfl thfinh tbi ^^di
rifing da ddng vai trd ngUdi di tien phong
trong cai cfich, giai phdng phu nfl khdi noi
bfi't cdng mft tu tudng Nho gifio da dd nftng
ldn hp.
Tuy nhien, khi tiip xflc vdi vfln hda
Phfip, mdt bf phftn phu nfl thftnh thi da
nay sinh mft s i mftt tieu cUc, trai ngUpc
nhau trong 161 song dUpe phan anh trdn
bfio chi Iflc dd. Hp to ro sU mflc cam, tu ti vl
vfin boa truyin thing, muon tfl bo eac gia
tri van hoa truyin thong; de cao, sung bai
thfii qua vfin hda phUdng Tfiy, muin dUdc
Au hda hoftn toftn, dilu nfiy din din sU lai
cfing, "vong ban". Dfiy ciing la mpt bfii hpc
kinh nghiem quy dl chung ta trfinh vfi'p
phai trong qufi trtnh hpi nhfip, giao luu van
hda vdi t b i gidi d Vift Nam bdm nay.

CHUTHfCH
(1). SUdng Nguyft Anh lfim chu bdt. So* 1 ra
ngfiy 1-2-1918, so cuoi 22, ra ngfiy 19-7-1918.
(2). Chii nhifm bfi Nguygn Diic Nhufin. SS' 1 ra

ngfiy 2-5-1929, aicufil 273 ra ngfiy 21-4-1935.
(3). Phong Hoa tudn bdo scf 1 ra ngfiy 16-61932, sEfcufil 190 ra ngfiy 3-6-1936. Ngfiy nay so" 1
ra ngay 30-1-1935, sfi"cufii 224 ra ngfiy 7-9-1940.
(4). T u i n bfio, sfi" 1 ra ngfiy 8-12-1930, atf cufii
ciing, B6'26 ra ngfiy 5-6-1934.

(6). Ten thfit lfi Cao'Thi Khanh chu nhi^m bao
Phu nS tdn vdn. Ben c^nh vi§c tham gia viS't bfii, bfi
con lfi ngUcri khcii xUdng, to chile cfic hoat dfing tH
thifn, cfin cSng tac xa hfii ciia bfio Phu nQ tdn vdn
nhu to chiic Hfi ch? phy nO, Dfi'u xao do My nghf
cua phy nil lfim ra, gfiy quy giup hoc sinh nghfio...
(6). Phan Th; Nga (1909-1964), ainh tai Hfi Nfi.
Bfi lfi cfng tfic vi&n cua til Phong hda-Ngdy nay vfi
Phv nQ tdn vdn. Cfic bfii vift vfi diln thuyft cua bfi
chii yiu dl cfip dfe vfin ii "Phy nQ vfii t h i dye".


76
Bfi lfi vt) cua nhft phfl binh vftn h9c Hofii Thanh.
(7). T6n thft 1& NguySn Thi Phifdng Hoo, qufi
Quilng Ngfii. Bft lfi vif cua nhfi yfiu n\ldc Vd Vftn Tfin.
(8). NguyiSn Thj Kifim (1914-7), cfin cfi biit danh
Nguyfin Thj Manh Manh. Cfic bfii vi(ft vfi difin
thuyit cAa bft chii yiu iS cfip din ty da hOn nhfin,
phy nQ vdi thd di^c, phy nQ vft vftn hpc. Bft lfi mft
trong nhQng ngUdi phy nil dfiu tifin di diin thuyit
vfn dfng nQ quyjn vfi khdi xUfing lfi! thd mdi dudi
btit danh Nguy£n Thj Manh Manh.
(9). Lfi chu nhifm, kifim chii bdt cua hai t6 Ddn

bd mdi vfi Ddn bd.
(10). Cfit Tuttng: Thdi tiit vdi sdc mdu y phtfC.
BfioN^dy nay, afi'26-1936, tr. 261.
(11). Cfit Tufing: N6i thim vi cdch dn m$c vdi
diiu nin trdnh. Bfio Ngdy nay, afi* 34-1936, tr.
445.

Rghlfin eflu Ljch siJ". stf 3.2012
tinh Sa Dfic (nay lfi Thfinh p h i Cao Lftnh, tinh
Ding Thfip). Do thfinh tich h(?at dfng xutft B^C, bfi
dUflc k i t n^p vfto An Nam Cfng ain Dang cufii
nflm 1929 tpi Phong Hfia, Cfin Thd. Sau d6 bft dam
nhifm nhi^u chCfc vy quan trpng trong Dang vfi
Nhft nUflc. Bft mtft nfim 1988, th? 79 tuii.
(18). Vfin Dfti, tfin thfit 1ft Dfio Thj Nguyft
Minh, lftm thd afim, tUng cfng tfic vdi nhi^u td bfio:
Phtf nQ tdn vdn, Phv nQ thdi ddm, Phong hdaNgdy nay. Tinh Hoa, Dd bd, Xdng pha, Bdc San,
Qudn du ktch... Bfi lftm Hfii tnidng hfii Dye Anh...
Bfimtftnfim1964.
(19). Dfing Thj Vfln Chi. Vdn di phtf nQ trin
bdo cht tidng Vift tnidc cdch mqng thdng Tdm ndm
1945. Lufin fin Titfn al Ljch a\i, 2007, tr. 125.
(20). Chfiu Du Tti. Cdc cu^ diin thuyit trong
H^ichgPhv
nQ. Phv nQ tdn vdn, atf 129-1932, tr.
18.

(12). Bfii thd Bin kia sdng Dudhg ciia nhft thd
Hoftng Cim.

(21). Bdi diin thuyit cua cd Nguyin Thi Kiim
vi "ldi tha mdi'. Phu nQ tdn vdn, afi" 191-1933, tr.
(13). Dfio Duy Anh, Vi#( Mim vdn hod eCe 9.
CUdng. Nxb. Vftn hofi Thfing tin, Hft Nfii, 2000, tr.
(22). Bfti dijn thuyit cua cfi NguySn Th) Phd:
214.
Cdng cu^ xd h^i, dUdng ISt dua chi em din sU gidi
(14). Dfio Duy Anh, Viit Nam vdn hod si phdng. Bko Ngdy nay, 8*95-1938.
cuang. Nxb. Vftn hofi Thfing tin, Hft Nfii, 2000, tr.
(23). Cdm tudng cua tdi vi cu^ 6(m gdi k^i
214.
hpp d H^i Tri Tri. Bfio Ngdy nay, aS 28- 1936, tr.
(15). Cfi Duyfin: Nhan sdc cOa chung ta. Bfio
300
Ngfiy Nay, 8*17-1936
(24). (25), {21). Vftn K n h . Ngdy nay thi thao.
(16). Cfit Tucfng: Yphuc ddn bd. Bfio Ngdy nay, Bfio Ngdy nay, 9^27-1936, tr. 277.
8*36-1936, tr. 492.
(26). Phan Thi Nga. "Phy nQ vft t h i dye:
(17). NguySn Thj Lyu, tfin thfit 1ft' Dfi Thj
ThuSng, bf danh Thu, Ciiu thucing ggi Tfim Lyu.
sinh ngfty 23-9-1909 t^i Hfia An, qufin Cao L.anh,

Nguyfin nhfln trd ngfi budc dudng t h i dye eiia chi
em H i thfinh", Phv nQ tdn vdn, s i 261-1943, tr.
17.