Nghiên cứu quy hoạch bảo vệ môi trường khu vực cái rồng, huyện vân đồn, tỉnh quảng ninh

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
TRl/OnVG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TL^ NHIEN
it it ie ic ie-k "k-k it

NGHIEN ClTU QUY HOACH BAO VE
MOI TRlTonVG KHU VlTC CAI RONG,
HUYEN VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH
Ma so: QT.08.43

CHU TRI DE TAJ:
TS. Nguyln An Thinh
CAC CAN BO THAM GIA:
ThS. Trail Van frirona
GS.TS. Nguyen Cao Huan
TS. Pham Quang Anh
CN. Du Vu Vict Quan
CN. Bui Van Vugng
ThS. Tran Thi Mai Iloa
CN. Nguyen Due Nui
CN. Pham Phi Cam Van

DAI H O C Q U O ' : GlA HA NO''

DT/

J56

Ha Noi - 2009


NGHIEN

Cl'U QUY HOACH BAO V;: M O I TRt^dNG KHU VyC CAI R 6 N G , HUYf.N VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH

Bao cao torn tat de tai:
"NGHIEN ClfU QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRl/QNG
KHU VlTC CAI RONG, HUYEN VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH"
MA SO: QG.08.43
Chu tri dk tai: TS. Nguyen An Thinh
Cdc thanh vien tham gia:
ThS. Tran Van Truang
GS.TS, Nguyen Cao Huan

CN. Bui Van Vugng
ThS. Tran Thi Mai Hoa

TS, Pham Quang Anh

CN. Nguyen Due Nui

CN. Du Vu Viet Quan

CN, Pham Thj Cam Van

1. MUG TIEU NGHIEN CUtJ
De tai dat ra muc tieu nghien euxi la: "Dinh hinmg quy hogch hao ve moi trmrng
(hi (ran Ccii Rang den nam 2020 gcin vai chien luac phul trien kinh te xci hoi cua finh
Quang iMnh, huyen Van Don, thi (ran Cdi Rang va quy hoach cdc ngdnh kinh (f\
1. CAC KET QUA OAT DL OC
- Khao sat, phan lich dieu kien tu nhien. kinh te xa hoi anh huong tai ehat lugng
moi truang, cong tac quan ly va bao ve moi truang.

- Phan \'ung eanh quan. phan vung moi truong ihco chuc niing kinh le xa hoi \'a
yen euLi bao \ e moi truang.
- Danh gia hien trang sir dung dal va ehai lugng moi truang.
- Danh gia eong tac bao ve moi trucmg va cac giai phap dang duge ap dung tai
thi tran Cai Rong.
- Du bao dien bien moi truang trong quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi dia
phiiang \a nganh giai doan 2010-2020.
- QLI\ hoach \ a to chuc khong gian bao \e nioi iriionL! chuni;.
- Qii\ hoach bao \'e moi truang chu\en de: qu\ hoach bao \ e moi tnrang nuoi
trong thu\- san. qu\ hoach bcio \e moi truang du lich.
- Xa\ dung ke hoach thuc hien bao \e moi truong
- De xuat cac giai phap quan ly moi truang
3, NHING DONG GOP CI A OE TAI
Cac ngi dung nghien cuu la nhCmg dong gop quan tronu cua de tai \e ca mat Iv
Uian khoa hoc \ a trien khai tren thuc tien. Nhung kct qua dat duoc cua lap the lac gia co
Di tai NCKH ciip Dyi hyc Quoc gia Ha NOi, Ma so: Q l .0« 4.


NGHIEN C(V QUY HO.iiCH BAO V$

M6|

TRI

ONG

KHU VVC CAI R 6 N G , HUYfN VAN 0 6 N , TINH QUANG NINH

MUC LUC
•

•

Bao cao torn tat de tai
3
Summary Report
5
MdDAU
7
CHirONG 1. CO SO KHOA HOC VA PHAP LY LAP Q l V HOACH BAO VE MOI
TRUCJNG THI TRAN CAI RONG
11
1.1. CAC CONG TRINH LIEN QUAN DEN KHU VUC NGHIEN CUU
11
1.2. CAC C A N C U ' P H A P LY LAP QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUING TH! TRAN CAI
RONG
14
1.2.1. Quan diem, muc tieu va noi dung cua chien lirgc bao ve moi truong cua Viet Nam
14
1.2.2. Can ci'r phap ly trong quy hoach bao ve moi trucmg thi tran Cai Rong
16
1.3. CAC CAN CLT KHOA HQC LAP QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUONG
18
1.3.1. Tong quan tinh hinh nghien cuu quy hoach bao ve moi truong
18
1.3.2. Phuong phap luan LANDEP ap dung trong nghien cuu quy hoach bao vc moi truang thj
tran Cai Rong
23
1.3.3. Quan diem, each tiep can nghien cuu quy hoach bao \e moi truang thi tran Cai Rong .. 26
1.4. QUY TRJNH VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU LAP QLIY HOACH BAO VE MOI

TRUCiNG TH! T R A N C A I RONG
30
1.4.1. Quy trinh nghien cuu lap quy hoach bao ve moi truang
30
1.4.2. Phuong phap nghien cuu
32
CHirONG 2. PHAN TICH DIEU KIEN TU NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN TIHEN NHIEN VA
PHAN VUNG CANII QUAN PHUC VU QUY HO.ACH BAO VE MOI T R I OT\G THI
TRAN CAI RONG
41*
2.1. DIEU KIEN T U N H l E N V A l A l NGUYEN THIF.NMIIEN
41
2,I,L Vi tridja ly
41
2.1.2. Lich su phat trien ianh tho
41
2.1.3. Djachat
45
2.1.4. Djahinh
47
2.1.5. Khihau
51
2.1.6. Thuy \an \a hai van
56
2.1.''. I ho nliuong

59

2.1.8. Ihirc vat
63

2.2, PHAN TiCII CANH QUAN PHUC \'U QV\ liOACH RAO Vh MOI I R l ONCJ Tllj
TRAN CAI RONG
64
2.2.1, Tieu vLing canh quan lam nghiep bac thj tran Cai Rong
6."^
2.2.2, lieu viing canh quan do thj irung tam thi tran Cai Rong
66
2.2.3, Tieu \ung canh quan bien - dao ven ba vinh Bai Tu Long
68
CHUONG 3. DANH GIA HIEN TR.\NG PHAT TRIEN KIMI TE XA HOI CHUNG VA
PHAN TiCH CHI PHI - LOT ICH CAC LOAI HINH .SI DUNG DAT CHINII PHUC VU
Q i ; \ HOACH
'.
71
BAO VE MOI TRirONG THI TRAN CAI RONG
71
3.1, HIEN TRANG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE XA HOI
7]
3.1.1. Khai quat cluing
71
3.1.2. Dan cu. dan toe
"l
3.1.3. Dilc diem phat trien cae nhom nganh kinh le
72

Uc (.li NC Kll Ciip L'ni hoc QuOc gia Ha Noi, M.i so: QT.Ott.J^


NGHigN CI U QUY HO \CH

BAO V $

MOI TRI OHQ KHU VyC CAI R O N G ,

HUY$N

VAN D 6 N . TINH QUANG NINH

77
3.1.4. Dae diem phan hoa kinh te- \ a hoi theo Ianh tho
;
3.2. PHAN TICH CHI PHI - LOI ICH CAC LOAI HINH SU DUNG DAT CHINH TRONG
Tin TRAN CAI RONG
^^
78
3.2.1. Phan tich chi phi - Igi ich cac loai hinh su dung dat trong hoa mau
'**
3.2.2. Phan tich chi phi - Igi ich he thong cac cay trong lau nam
°^
3.2.3. Phan tich chi phi - Igi ich cac loai hinh su dung dat rung trong
^^
3.2.4. Phan tich chi phi - Igi ich cac loai hinh nuoi trong hai san
°°
C H i r a N G 4. PHAN XiCH HIEN TRANG, DIEN BIEN S(f DVNG DAT, MOI TRU'dNG
N L 6 C V A R A G THAI RAN PHUC V y QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRI/CTNG T H |
TRAN CAI RONG
••
•
90
4.1. U'NG DUNG CONG NGHE ANH HANG KHONG THANH LAP BAN DO HI$N

FRANG SU DUNG DAT THI TRAN CAI RONG
91
4.1.1. Xay dung khoa giai doan phuc vu \ay dung ban do hien trang su' dung thj tran Cai Rong
ty le l:5.6oo'
^
'
91
4.1.2. Hien trang sudung dat thi tran Cai Rong
96
4.1.3. Bien dgng sudung dat a mgt so khu v\rc dien hinh
102
4.1.4. Nhan xet ve hien trang va dien bien sir dung dat
103
4.2. HIEN TRANG VA DIEN BIEN CHAT LU'ONG MOI TRUING NUOC
104
4.2.1. Hien trang cap va xu ly nuac thai
104
4.2.2. Hien trang va dien bien moi truang nuac
108
4.2.3. Xu huang bien doi moi truang nuac
116
4.3. HIEN TRANG VA DIEN BIEN THU GOM. XU" LY RAC THAI
117
4.3.1. Hien trang thu gom va \i\ ly rac thai ran
117
4.3.2. Du bao dien bien thu gom rac thai (lugng phat thai, nang lire thu gom va .\u huong bien
doi)
^
126
CHUOnVG 5. XAY DUNG QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUONG THI TRAN CAI

RONG
127
5.1. PHAN TiCH HIEN TRANG SU DUNG CANH QUAN
127
5.2. DANH GIA CANII QUAN PHUC VU QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUONG THI
TRAN CAI RONG
128
5.2.1. Tiep can phuong phap luan LANDEP trong danh gia canh quan
128
5.2.2. Danh gia tai nguyen va moi truang doi vai cac doi tugng quy hoach
129
5.2.3. Danh gia canh quan theo cac muc tieu quy hoach
134
5.2.3. Khai luge nhung \an de moi truang cap bach va tieu chi can dap I'rng theo tieu vung canh
quan
136

5.3. XAY DUNG Ql'Y HOACH BAO VE MOI IRUONG

140

5.3.1. To chuc khong gian phat trien kinh te va bao ve moi truang
5.3.2. Qu\ hoach bao \e moi truang nuoi trong tliu\ san
5.3.3. Qu\ hoach bao \ c moi truong du lich
KFTLIAN
TAI LIFUTHA.M KHAO
Phu luc 1. C a s o du lieu dieu tra kinh te \a hoi tai thj tran Cai R6ng nam 2008
Phu luc 2. Cac bai bao, bao cao khoa hoclicn quan den de tai nghien cuu
I OM I \T CAC C ()N(; TRINH \C KM C I A CA NHAN
S( H M I K I C PKOIFCI

PIHl L i)AN(, K^ K l l Ql A NCiHIFN C(\ KH-CN

140
147
150
161
163
169
183
184
192

i n M l \ ( K l K - . i p I >ji h.,c ( J u n e k;iJ \\^ \ n i . M J SO: Q I
( hii I n

.^\H4^

1 ^ \i;u\t."T' \ M I h i n h . K h o . i l_)i,i U . 1 m m i ; F);n hvc K h o n h(.

194


NGHIEN

Cl-'U QUY HO^^CH BAO Vj:

M6|

TRt^6fNG KHU VyC CAI R 6 N G ,

HUY^N

VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH

Bao cao torn tat de tai:
"NGHIEN CLfU QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI T R U Q N G
KHU VlTC CAI RONG, HUYEN VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH"
MA SO: QG.08.43
Chu tri de tai: TS. Nguyen An Thinh
Cdc thanh vien tham gia:
ThS. Tran Van Truang

CN. Bui Van Vugng

GS.TS. Nguyen Cao Huan

ThS. Tran Thi Mai Hoa

TS. Pham Quang Anh

CN. Nguyen Due Nui

CN. Du Vu Viet Quan

CN. Pham Thj Cam Van

1. MUC TIEU NGHIEN CUtJ
De tai dal ra muc tieu nghien cuu la: '^Dinh huang quy hoach hao ve moi (ruang
(hi (ran Cdi Rong den nam 2020 gem vai chien Iwac phdf trien kinh (c xd hoi cua linh
Oudng Ninh, huyen Van Don, (hi tran Cdi Rong vd quy hoach cdc ngdnh kinh tf\

2. CAC KET QUA DAT DUOC
- Khao sat, phan tich clieu kien tu nhien. kinh te xa hoi anh hirang tai chat lugng
moi truang, cong tac quan ly va bao ve moi truang.
- Phan \'ung canh quan. phan vung moi truang theo chuc nang kinh le xa hoi \'a
yeu cau bao \ e moi truang.
- Danh gia hien trang sir dung dat va chat krgng moi truang.
- Danh gia cong tac bao ve moi truang va cac giai phap dang dugc ap dung tai
thi tran Cai Rong.
- Du bao dien bien moi truang trong qu\ hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi dia
phuong \a nganh giai doan 2010-2020.
- QLI\ hoach \ a to chuc khong gian bao \e moi truong chung.
- Quy hoach bao \ e moi truoiig chuycn de: qu> hi>ach bao \ c moi tru'ong nuoi
trong thu\- san. qu\ hoach bao \ e nioi truang du lich.
- Xa> dung ke hoach thuc hien bao \ c moi truang
- De xuat cac giai phap quan ly moi truang

3. NHl NC DONG GOP CUA DE TAI
Cac ngi dung nghien cuu la nhCrng dong gop quan trong cua dc tai \c ca mat ly
kian khoa hoc \a trien khai iren thuc tien. Nhung ket qua dat dugc cua lap the lac gia co
Dc tai NCKH c:ip Diti hoc Qu6c gia Ha N'M, Ma so: Ql.DM 43


NGHIEN CI U QUY HOACH

BAO V $

MOI TRI ONG KHU V^X CAI R 6 N G ,

HUYEN

VAN D 6 N , TJNH QUANG NINH

the su dung lam tai lieu phuc \ u cong tac quy hoach bao ve moi truong va quan l> moi
trucmg- cung nlur phuc \u cong tac dao tao dai hoc va sau dai hoc theo huong gan Iv
thu\et vai nhiing mo hinh thuc te cu the.
7. Cdc san phdm ciia dS tai: 6k tai da hoan thanh 01 bao cao tong hop cung he
thong bang bieu \a so do. tap ban do chuyen de khu vuc thj tran Cai Rong, huyen Van
Don. tmh Quang Ninh. bao gom: binh d6 anh may bay chup nam 2004, anh vien tham
SPOTS chup \ i tri khu \ uc nghien cuu. so d6 lAy va phan tich mau, ban do dia mao, ban
do tho nhuong. ban do hien trang su dung dat, ban do canh quan, ban do kinh te chung,
ban do hien trang moi truang. ban do quy hoach bao ve moi truong.
2. Ddo tao: dh tai da ho trg cho 2 sinh vien K49 Bg mon Sinh thai canh quan va
Moi truang, Khoa Dja ly thuc hien khoa luan tot nghiep tai khu vuc thi tran Cai Rong.
3. Cdc cong trinh cong bo: trong khuon kho ngi dung khoa hgc cua de tai co 02
bai bao da dugc cong bo:
- "Phuang phdp hign LANDEP trong nghien ci'cu sinh thai canh quan do (hi
(nghien cuu dien hinh tai thi tran Cdi Rong, huyen Van Don, tinh Quong Ninhf'. Tuyen
tap cac bao cao khoa hoc Hoi nghj khoa hgc Dja ly toan quoc Ian thir 3, Ha Ngi. 2008.
- '^Characteristics of the landscape and the human ecology in Vietnam's coastal
zone". Collection in the Third Inlernalional Conference on Vietnamese Studies
"Vietnam - Integration and De\clopment". Vietnam National University Publisher. Ha
Noi. 2008.
4. THOI GIAN VA KINH PHI THUC HIEN DE TAI:
- De tai dugc thuc hien trong 1 nam (nam 2008).
- long kinh phi dugc phe duyet: 20.000.000 VND (Hai muoi trieu dong chan).
Xac nhan ciia Khoa Dia Iv

Chu tri de tai

/

PGS.TS. Nhil ThiXuan

TS. Nguyen An Thjnh

Xac nhan cua
I ruoni> Dili lioc Khoa hnc I u nhicn

Xac nhan cua
Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha No!

' >, t.u \ 1 k l U ip I t.n 1^ ., (,t
I 'Ml [11 1 ^

\ ; - ' i \ l"tl \ | .

I h,;

is, r e 1 ! ^1.1

I T i l l i n g r V i ; IVK- K h n . i hi


NGHlgN C l U QUY HO^CH BAO Vg Mfll TRlf^NG KHU VyC CAI

R6NG,

HUYf.N VAN DON. TJNH QUANG NINH

Summary Report:

"A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN CAI RONG AREA,
VAN DON DISTRICT, QUANG NINH PROVINCE"
CODE: QG.08.43
Head of project: Dr. NGUYEN An Thinh
Members of project:
MSc. Tran Van Truong
Prof.Dr. Nguyen Cao Huan

BSc. Bui Van Vuong
MSc. Tran Thi Mai Hoa

Dr. Pham Quang Anh
BSc. Du Vu Viet Quan

BSc. Nguyen Due Nui
BSc. Pham Thi Cam Van

1. OBJECTIVE
This study focuses on ^'Orientation of environmental planning in Cai Rong town
until 2020 in which connected closely to socio-economic development strategy and
economic branches planning of Quang Ninh province. Van Don district and Cai Rong
town as neir.
2. MAIN STUDY RESULTS
This project has obtained following results:
- Sur\'eying and analyzing both natural and socio-economic conditions vvhich
affecting to the environmental quality as well as mission of environmental manageincnt
and protection.
- Landscape and environmental zoning according to socio-economic functions
and requirements of environmental protection.
- E\aluating existing of land use and enxironmental qualilw

- I:\alualing en\"ironmcntal protection mission and solulion> applying in Cai
Rong town.
- Forecasting on the en\"ironmental changes under socio-ecoiiomic dexelopment
plan at local scale and branch scale as well in period of 201 0-202(1.
- Planning and spatial organization for general cu\ iroiimciiuil protection.
-

Specific

enx'ironmental

planning,

including

aquaculturc

and

enxironmental planning.
- Constructing the timetable for implementing cn\ ironmental protection.
- Sue^estinu solutions on environmental manauemenl.

Dc tai N'CKH c;'ip D:.ii hoc Quoc gia Ha N^i, Ma so: QT.08.43

tourisni


NGHIEN CI U QUY HOvCH BAG V^ MOI TRI ONG KHU VyC CAI R 6 N G , HUY^IN VAN 0 6 N , TJNH QUANG NINH

3. CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROJECT
Such stud\ contents are important contributions of project actually on scientific
theories and applications. Those results can be used as references for environmental
planning, education and training materials for under and post graduate students.
/. Products of project. Project has completed 01 final report with tables, figures
and thematic and integrated maps of Cai Rong town, including maps of aeronautical
image conducted in 2004. satellite image SPOTS, sample collecting and analyzing,
geomorphology, soil, existing land use, landscape classifying, general economic,
existing environment and environmental planning.
2, Educational results: under this project's supporting, two undergraduate
student at Landscape F-cology and Environment Deparment, Faculty of Geography were
carried out their dissertation in Cai Rong area.
J. Publislted reports: there are two reports in national and international
conferences have been published in researching time of this project, include of
"LANDEP methodolog)' on urban landscape ecology research (a case study of Cai
Rong town. Van Don district, Quang Ninh province)'' (Collection of Reports in the third
National Conference on Geography. Hanoi. 2008) and ^^Characteristics of the landscape
and the human ecology in Vicfnam 's coastal zone^' (Collection in the Third International
Conference on Vietnamese Studies "Vietnam - Integration and Development"'. Vietnam
National University Publisher. Ha Noi. 2008).
4. DUI^VnON AND EXPENDITl RE OF PROJECT
- Duration of project is one year (2008).
- Total expenditure of project is 20.000.000 VND (twenty million VND).

W

Confirmation of Geography Faculty

Head of Project

Assoc.Prof.Dr. NHl Thi Xiian

Dr. NGUYEN An Thinh

COM IRMATION OK
I M \ I USIl ^ OK SCIKNC K

CONFIRMATION OK
\ lETNAM NATIONAL UNIVKKSriY

'.M \ (

t In.

M

K l ! ^.Ip P . l i IVK (.>llM^ ..;,,! I i.i \ M .
I ^

\ ^ ' , \ i \ .11 \ - M l i M i l .

K11..J P I . ) K

M , , .,-., Q l . f l S . n
1 t i i . . n - ri-ii liMi K h o . i h r


NGHieN Civ QUY HO^CH BAO V$ Mdl TRl^dNG KHU V^C CAI R 6 N G , HUYf.N VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH

MO DAU

Khu vuc thi tran Cai Rong thuoc dao Cai Bau la dao Ian nhat ciia huyen
dao Van Don (phan Ianh tho tren dat lien) va vinh Bai Tu Long (phan Ianh tho
tren biln), toa do 21*^04 d^n 21^8^ vT BSc, 107^40" dCm 107'44' kinh Dong, dong
giap xa Ha Long, tay giap xa Dong Xa. nam giap vinh Bai Tu Long, phia bac
giap xa Doan Ket. Mac du dien tich khong Ian (363,24 ha) nhung thi tran Cai
Rong dugc xem la Ianh tho thu nho dien hinh ciia hu\cn Van Don vai su phan
hoa thanh doi nui thap, dong bang va bien - hai dao. tao ra sir da dang cao ve
canh quan cung nhu cac boat dong phat trien.
Thi tran Cai Rong co nhieu tiem nang Ian ve dien tich mat nuac bien, bai
trieu, he dong thuc vat da dang, trong do co nhieu loai co gia trj kinh te cao, dieu
kien khi hau, thiiy vSn, hai vSn tuang doi thuan Igi cho phat trien kinh iL Vai cac
»

.J

>

dieu kien thuan Igi ve tai nguyen thien nhien, khu \ uc nay co kha nang phat trien
da dang cac nganh kinh te nong, lam. ngu nghiep. cang bien va du lich bien dao. Lren thuc tc. thi tran Cai Rong dang dong vai tro la trung tam kinh te, chinh
tri va van hoa quan trong cua huyen Van Don. 1 uy nhien. sir phat trien kinh te
thieu quy hoach. khong kiem soat se nhanh chong hu\ tioai moi truang. pha buy
can bang sinh thai do khai thae tai ngu\en thien nhien. thai \ao moi truang mot
lugng Ian chat thai. De giiip phat trien ben vung cho khu virc na}. can phai co
chinh sach dung dan, vai cac cong cu quan ly huu hicu a tam \T nio. Mot trong
nhung cong cu quan ly nha nuac quan trong la qu> hoach bao ve moi truang.

<• -Air' '^!;^

^

^

'

^

•

'

"

'

Si.jp^i'^

Hinh L Thi tran Cdi Rang trong ddo Cdi Ban vu vinh lidi Tu Long
I lien tai. moi truang tu nhien cua thi Iran Cai Koiig chua bi 6 nhiem i\o
chat thai cua cac neanh kinh te va sinh boat. Tuv nhien. theo irac tinh de co GDP
T>i tai \ ( KM Ciip 0;ii hoc Quoc gia H5 N'yi, Ma so: QT.08.43


NGHIEN CI U QUY HO\CH BAO Vf. MOI TRI 6>^G KHU V^ C CAI R 6 N G . H U Y $ N VAN O^N, TINH QUANG NINH

tantz tririiuK ticii phat trien beii \ Crng thi \ dn dk dat ra cho thj tran Cai R6ng trirac mat va
lau dai la phai co cac giai phap. cac kti hoach hanh dong cu the de viia phat trien
kinh te. \ira dam bao dugc chiit lugng moi trucmg va on dinh xa hoi. Chinh \i the
cAn phai co qu\ hoach bao ve moi truang cho thi tran Cai Rong theo huang phat
trien ben vu'ng \ a mane tinh kha thi cao.

Do la nhijng 1\ do de tai ''Nghien aru quy hogch bao ve moi trit&ng thi
tran Cdi Rdng, huyen Van Don, tinh Quang Ninh'\ ma so QT.08.32 dugc lira
chpn dang ky va thuc hien nghien cuu trong khuon kho nhiem vu nghien cuu
khoa hgc cap Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Ngi nam 2008.
De tai dat ra muc tieu nghien aim sau: ''Dinh hiv&ng quy hoach bao ve
moi tnrang thi tran Cdi Rong den nam 2020 gan vai chien luac phat trien kinh te
xd hoi cua tinh Quang Ninh, huyen Van Don, thi tran Cdi Rong va quy hogch cdc
ngdnh kinh tc'\
Pham vi nghien civu lap quy hogch ciia de tai bao gom:
- Pham vi khong gian quy hogch: thi tran Cai Rong.
- Giai hgn noi dung quy hogch: (1) Danh gia hien trang moi truang. du
hao o nhiem moi truong (nuac. chat thai....), du bao bien dgng sir dung dat do
phat trien kinh te xa hoi \ a cac yeu to khac gay ra; (2) Phan vung moi truang
phiic vu lap quy hoach \a ke hoach thuc hien bao ve moi truang tirng tieu \ung
cho ea thi tran.
Cdc noi dung lap quy hogch bao gom:
- Khao sat. phan tich dieu kien tu nhien. kinh te xa hoi anh huang tai chat
lugng moi truang. cong tac quan ly \ a bao ve moi truang.
- Phan \Ling canh quan. phan \ung moi truang theo chuc nang kinh te xa
hoi va \cu cau bao \ e moi irmYiig.
- Danh gia hien trang su dung dat \ a chat lugng moi truang.
- Danh uia cong lac bao \ e moi truang va cac giai phap dang dugc ap
^iuiij. lai ihi Iran C'ai KiSng.
^ DM \\\O dicii hicn MUM innmg irony qu\ hoach phat trien kmh li \a hoi
••h.l p l l l U M l . ! \ A I l . M l l h - I . I ! i'.n,\\]

.]\) 1 0 - 2 0 2 ( 1

^ ''":•'

1 r,i..n.-. n.,1 h - t K h o . , h r

1^

\-.u\u>

\;'I:TIM|,

khoiP.ji'.


NGH|£N

Cl'U QUY HO.XCH BAO Vj:

M6|

TRl^OfNG KHU VyC CAI R 6 N G ,

HUYFN

VAN D 6 N . TINH QUANG NINH

- Quy hoach va to chuc khong gian bao ve moi truang chung.
- Quy hoach bao ve moi trucmg chuyen de: quy hoach bao \ e moi truang
nuoi trong thuy san, quy hoach bao ve moi trucmg du lich.
" Ke hoach thuc hien bao ve moi trucmg
- Cac giai phap quan ly moi truang
San pham giao nop cua de tai bao gom:
- Bao cao tong hgp de tai.

- Cac ban do chuyen de va tong hgp: binh do anh may ba\ chup nam
2004, anh vien tham SP0T5 chup vi tri khu vuc nghien cuu. sa do lay va phan
tich mau, ban do dia mao, ban do tho nhuang, ban do hien trang sir dung dat, ban
do canh quan, ban do kinh te chung, ban do hien trang moi truang, ban do quy
hoach bao ve moi truang.
- Ca sa dil heu dieu tra thuc dja: canh quan. moi truang. kinh te xa hoi.
Cdc thanh vien chinh tham gia thivc hien de tai bao gom:
TS. Nguyen An Thjnh

Truang DH KHTN 11a Noi

C1iu tri

ThS. Tran Van Truang

Truang DH KMTN Ha Noi

Thu ky

GS.TS. Nguyen Cao Huan

Truang DH KHTN I la Noi

Thain gia

rS. Pham Quang Anh

Truang DH KHTN Ha Ngi

Tliam gia

CN. Du Vu Vict Quan

Truang DH KH 1 N I la Noi

CN. Bui Van Vugng

Vien TN&MT Hai Phong

Tham gia

ThS. Tran Thi Mai Hoa

Truong DH KHXHNV Ha Ngi

Tham gia

CN. NuuNcn Due Nui

Vien KH&CN X'ict Nam

Tham ^ia

Ci\. Pham Thi Cam \'an

\'icn Dan toe hoc

Tham gia

I am ma

Ngoai ra. trong qua trinh thuc hien. de tai da nhan dugc su tham gia hgp
tac tich cue cua cac can bg Sa Tai ngu\en \a Moi truang tmh (^)uang Ninh.
Phong Tai ngu\en \ a Moi truang hu\en Van Don. I HNl) ihi Iran Cai Rong \a
mot so ban nganh khac co lien quan trong tmh \a thi trail.

D< tai \ C K U Ciip Dili hoc Qu6c gia Ha Noi, Ma so: QT.08.43


NGHIEN CTU QUY HO\CH BAO Vf MOI TRI ONG KHU VI^C CAI R 6 N G ,

HUY$N

VAN 0 6 N , TINH

QUANG

NINH

Cdc ket qua khoa hgc vd ddo tgo cua de tai:
V^ mat dao tao. d^ tai da ho trg cho 2 sinh vien K49 Bg mon Sinh thai
canh quan va Moi truang. Khoa Dja ly thuc hien khoa luan t6t nghiep tai khu vuc
thi tran Cai Rong.
Trong qua trinh thuc hien. tap the tac gia thuc hien de tai da cong bo cac
k6t qua nghien ciru trong 2 bao cao khoa hgc tai cac hoi nghj khoa hgc quoc gia
va quoc te duai sir ho trg kinh phi cua de tai:
- "Phuang phdp luan LANDEP trong nghien ciru sinh thai canh quan do
thi (nghien c&u dien hinh tgi thi tran Cdi Rong, huyen Van Don, tinh Quang
Ninhf\ Tuyen tap cac bao cao khoa hgc Hoi nghj khoa hgc Dia ly toan quoc Ian
thu 3. 16'12^2008.

- ^'Characteristics of the landscape and the human ecology in Vietnam's
coastal zone '. Collection in the Third International Conference on Vietnamese
Studies ^'Vietnam - Integration and Development". Vietnam National University
Publisher. 2008.
lap tiic tac gia \in chan thanh cam an su ho trg kinh phi ciia Dai hgc
(^)uoc gia Ihi Ngi. su giiip do trong qua irinh thuc hien de tai cua Ban Khoa hgc
\a Cong nghc (1)1 l(^)(i Ma Ngi). Phong Khoa hgc va Cong nghe (Truang Dai hgc
KHTN) cung nhu Ban chu nhicm cung cac dcmg nghiep Khoa Dia ly va Bg mon
Sinh thai canh quan \a Moi truang.

p . M: \ t

K ! i . . i p P : i : \^^>< (JuT., i;:.i H.l \ n i . M . I - M Q t '^^ P


NGHIEN Ciru QUY HO^CH BAO V$

M6I

TRli'dNG KHU VI. C CAI R 6 N G , HUYEN VAN OrtN, TINH QUANG NINH

CHi/onvG 1. c a s d KHOA HOC VA PHAP LY LAP
QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUOfNG THI TRAN CAI RONG
l.L CAC CONG TRINH LIEN QUAN DEN KHU VlTC NGHIEN ClTU
Lanh tho nghien cuu nam trong he thong bien - hai dao \ en ba bac vinh
Bac Bg co y nghla rat to Ian trong nen kinh te quc)c dai., an ninh quoc gia va
quan h^ quoc te doi vai moi nuac co bien va dao. Tren the giai. nghien ciju cac
dieu kien tu nhien va tai nguyen thien nhien ciia he thong dao ven ba phuc vu
cho chien luge phat trien ben viing da dugc cac nha khoa hgc thugc nhieu ITnh
v\rc khac nhau quan tam, dac biet la trong khuon kho cua chuong trinh "Con

ngirai vd sinh quyen'' (Man and Biosphere) dugc bat dau tu nam 1990 tra lai day
ma mot du an quan trgng cua no la ''Sinh thai vd su dung hov ly cdc he sinh thai
ddo^^ (l.xology and rational using of ishind ecos\ stems). Iroi g do. 20 \an dc nniu
chot de phat trien ben vung va quan ly moi truang bao qui* ih cac dao dugc neu
ra. trong do phan Ian la cac van de ve nghien ciiu ca ban. loa chung \ai \ii the
do, trong thai gian qua a nuac ta cung da tien hanh nghien ciiu ve he thong dao
ven ba. trong do c6 vinh Bac Bg. Thong qua cac nguon tai lieu da thu thap dugc.
CO the noi rang nhiing ket qua nghien cuu khu \ uc cac dao ^ a da\ bien quanh dao
a vinh Bac Bg chi mai thuc su dugc lien hanh trong nhung nam gan daw
- Giai dogn truac nam 1990: Truac nam 1990. hau nhu chua co ket qua
nao \ e nghien cuu chi tiet cac dao trong vinh Bac Bg. trir :6ng trinh nghien cuu
dia chat dao Bach Long VT do Tran Van Tri va dong nghiep thuc hien nam 1977.
F)ac diem dia mao day vinh Bac Bg dirge de cap den mot each khai quat trong
chuxrng trinh "Dieu tra tong hap vinh Bac BiT nam l'^)65 li >iig khuon kho hgp
tac Viel - Trung. Cung trong thai gian na\. mgi so nci khai qu.'*! \ c dia hinh da\
bien \ inh Bac \^o va canh quan cac dao con dirge i\c cap den irow;_i cac phan \ c
dac diem tu nhien ciia cac bao cao dja ly chu\en nganh. Mac du \ ay cac ket qua
nghien cuu cac dao va day bien trong thai ky na\ noi chung con a mOv rat khai
quat \ a sa luge.

Oe tai NCKH c:ip Dai hoc Qu6c gin m Xoi, Ma s^: Q 1.08.43


NGHIEN CI U QUY HOvCH BAO V t MOI TRI ONG KHU VI. C CAI RONG, HUYt:N VAN D 6 N . TINH QUANG NINH

- Giai chan sau 1990: Cac k^t qua nghien ciiu dao va day bien ven bo 6
Vici Nam noi ciiung cung nlur a vinh Bdc Bo noi rieng thire chat moi chi dirge
bat dau tir khoang 10 nam tro lai da). Mo ddu cho nhirng nghien cuu nay la
chuang trinh nghien cuu bien (K r-03) trong do co de tai ''Danh gia dieu kien tic
nhien. tdi nguyen thien nhien vd kinh te xd hoi he thong ddo ven ba Viet Nam

trong chien lirac phdt trien kinh te xa hoi bien'' (KT-03-12) do Le Due An chii
tri. Sau 5 nam thuc hien. cac dac diem ca ban ve dia ly tu nhien ciing nhu kiem
r

y

ke s6 lugng cac dao ven ba Viet Nam da dugc neu ra. Cac ket qua nay da Ian
iugt dugc cac tac gia tham gia nghien cuu cong bo trong cac hoi nghj khoa hgc
hoac trong cac tap chi khoa hgc chuyen nganh khac nhau. Dac biet la cong trinh
phan tich Hch sir phat trien cua cac dao ven ba Viet Nam trong giai doan
[Meistocen mugn - f loloccn tren ca scV tuoi tuyet doi dugc xac djnh bang phuang
phap phong xa C , trong do co quan dao Co To cua A.M. Korotky va dong
nghiep. Tuy nhien, nhu da biet trong vjnh Bac Bg ton tai 2 loai dao cau tao bai 2
loai da khac nhau la: dao da \6i va dao phat trien tren cac da luc nguyen tuoi
khac nhau. Cac ket qua \ ua neu tren hau nhu chi tap trung cho cac dao loai thu 2
phan bo phan Ion trong \ inh Bai IT'r Long va phia dong bac vinh Bac Bg.
Cung trong thai gian nay. nghien cuu day bien da dugc tien hanh trong
khuon kho de tai "Dieu tra dia chat vd tlm kiem khoang san ran bien nong (0-30
met nwac) ven ba Viet Nam ty le 1:500.000^' do Nguyen Bieu chu tri. Dira theo
ngu\ en tac hinh thai-done lire, cac kieu dia hinh day bien ven ba (0-30 met nuac)
khu \uc llai Phong - Quang Ninh da dugc phan chia va bieu dien tren ban do ty
le 1:500.000. Thong qua 2 de lai nghien cuu tren. mot so ket qua ca ban vc he
thong dao \a da> bien \'en dao \ inh Bac Bg da dugc dira ra. Ngoai ra. trcMi cir so
khao sal thuc dia kha chi tiet \ a phan tich them cac tai lieu hien co. nhirnQ nsiuai
thuc hien dc tai da co nhune danh aia nhat dinh \e tiem nane khoaniz san ran a
dai \cn bien. trone do co cac dao \a da\ bien none \en ba Quane Ninh cune nhu
moi so nhan \ci \c lich sir phat trien. dac biet la trong Kainozoi cua bien nong
\cn bo \mh Bac l^o. N^ioai ra cow moi so ket qua nehicn ciiu khu \\xc cune da
tluoe iiioi so nha khoa hoc dua I'a trong thoi gian na\".
loin lai. ironu ihoi gian qua. dac biet tu nam 1990 cho den na>. nhan ihiy

lam quan nong uong chicn Uioc phat trien kinh tc \a hoi \a an ninh chu quv^n
quo.- L'la. \ h a luroc, ^ac \ icii \;:hicn cuu. cac Iruong dai hoc cung nlur cac nha
'^'"^•' '"^^ ^''' ^^' ^^.' M'l-"; i-mi dun- muc den MCC nghien cuu cua he thomj dao


NGH|£H

C t U QUY HO/,\CH BAO Vg

MQI

TRlfpNG KHU VyC CAI R 6 N G , HUYf.N VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH

cung nhu day bien ven ba va da dat dugc nhieu ket qua dang khich le. Mac du
vay, cac ket qua nghien cim tren day ciing mai chi dirng lai a nhirng net khai quat
tren quy mo Ian (cac ket qua mai chi dugc the hien tren ban do ty le 1:500.000).
Tuy nhien day cung la ca sa de cac cong trinh sau do tien hanh nghien cuu chi
tiet cho cac vung trgng diem phuc vu cho nhieu muc dich khac nhau.
Danh sach mot so cong trinh chinh lien quan den lanh tho nghien cuu:
L Nguyen Tac An (chu nhiem). 2001-2005. Nghien cuii cdc giai phdp bao ve,
phuc hoi cdc he sinh thai san ho, co bien vd khac phuc 6 nhicm tuoi tnrang
bien tu sinh. De tai Nha nuac, ma so KC.09.07. Vien llai duang hgc, Trung
tam KHTN va CNQG.
2. Le Due An (chu nhiem), 1999. Danh gia dieu kien tit nhien. tdi nguyen thien
nhien vd kinh te - xa hgi he thong ddo ven ba Viet Nam trong chien luac trien
kinhte - xd hoi bien. De tai Nha nuac, ma so KT.03.12. Bg KIICN&MT.
f

r

y

r

'I

»

r

3. Le Due An (chu nhiem), 1996-1997. Quy hogch tong the mot so dao ven be/
phuc vu muc dich di dan, phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi, ddm bao an ninh quoc
phong. Bao cao tong hgp. Vien Dia ly. De tai doc lap thugc Nhiem vu Bien
Dong Hai dao.
4. Le Due An (chu nhiem), 1993 - 1995. Xay dung ca sa khoa hoc cho viec sudung he thong ddo ven ba trong chien luac phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi, dam
hao an ninh quoc phong viing bien Viet Nam. Vien Dia ly. Dc tai doc lap
thugc Chuong trinh Bien Dong Hai dao,
5. Nguyen Bieu va nnk.. 2001. Dieu tra dia chat vd tiin kiem kliodn;^ san ran
vung bien nong ven ba Viet Nam ty le 1:500.000. Bao cao khoa hoc de lai Bg
Cong nghiep.
6. Nguyen Chu Hoi (chii nhiem), 1996-2000. Nghien cuu xdy dung phuovg
phdp qudn ly tong hop vung ba bien Viet Nam, gap phan bao dam an toan
moi truang vd phdt trien ben vung. De tai KHCN, ma so KHCN.06.07. Phan
vien Hai duang hgc Hai Phong. Trung tam KH FX \a C\QG.
7. Nguyen Thanh Nga (chii nhiem). 1995. l-fien trgng vd nguyen nhan hoi xdi
dai ba bien Viet Nam, de xuat cdc bien phdp khoa hoc - ky thugt bao ve vd
khai thdc viing dat ven bien. Thugc chuong trinh KT.03. n^a so K 1.03.14.
Vien Khoa hgc va Kinh te Fhuy Igi.
8. Mai Trgng Nhuan. 2000. Dia chat moi truang vd tai hien vimg bien ven ba
vd hdi dao. Bao cao KH chu\en dc trong dir an dia chat \a khoang san bien

\en ba. cue Dja chat. Bg Cong nghiep. 1996 -2000.
9. Bui Cong Que (chu nhiem). 2001-2005. Xdv dung tap hau do nhung Jgc
trung CO' ba)} ve dieu kien tu nhien vd moi n-uang viinii hicn I'ict Nam va ke
can. De tai thugc chuang trinh KC.09. ma so KC.09.02. Phan \ icn llai duang
hgc tai Ha Ngi. Trung tam KHTN va CNQG.

Dc tai NCKH c:ip \yM hyc Qu6c gia H i N'yi, Ma s6: QT.08.43


NGHIEN CI U QUY HO \CH B \ 0 V t MOI TRI ONG KHU V^C CAI RrtNG. HUY$N VAN OpN. TINH QUANG NINH

10. Dang Ngoc Thanh (chu nhicm). 2001 - 2005. Xdy dung ca sa du lieu bien
o'lnQ ou,. Dc lai ihuoc Chuang trinh KC.09. ma s6 KC.09.01. Vien Hai
dirang hoc. Trnng lam KHTN \a CNQG.
1 1. Lc Due I 6 (chu nliicm). 2005. Luan chi'mg khoa hoc va mo hinh phdt trien
kinh tS - sinh t/idi tren mot sd ddo. cum ddo hca chon vung bien ven ba Viet
i\am. m tai thuoc Chuang trinh KC.09. ma s6 KC.09.12. 2002-2003. Truang
Dai hoc Khoa hoc Tu nhien. DHQG Ha Noi.

1.2. CAC CAN CU PHAP LY LAP QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRU^ONG
THI TRAN CAI RONG
1.2.1. Quan diem, muc tieu va noi dung cua chien \\xqc bao ve moi truang
ciia Viet Nam
L2.L L Cdc quan diem vd nguyen tac chi dao
Chi thj 36-C^T r w cua Bg Chinh tri da dua ra quan diem, nguyen tac ca
han. duong loi. chu truong \'e bao ve moi truang a nuac ta: "Cong tac bao ve
moi truang Id sir nghiep cua toan Dang, todn dan vd toan qudn; Id noi dung ca
han khong the tdch rai trong dirang loi, chu truang vd ke hogch phdt trien kinh
te xd hoi cua tat ca cdc cap, cdc ngdnh: la ca sa quan trong bao dam phdt trien
hen vung. thuc hien thdng lai su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa ddt

}uiv'c\ Chinh phu cung da cam ket van dung cac nguyen tac va ngi dung co ban
cua Chuong irinh Nghi su 21 vao dieu kien cu the ciia nuac ta: ''Lay phong ngua
vd ngun chan d nhicm Id nguven tdc chu dgo ket hop vai xu ly 6 nhiem, cai thien
nidi fruo'ng va hao ton thien nhicn: ket hop phdt huy ngi luc vai tang cuang hgp
tdc quoc te trong bao vc nwi truang vd phdt trien ben vung'.
Chien luge Bao \e Moi tnrang Quoc gia giai doan 2001-2010 co nhu'ng nguyen
lac C(.v ban sau:
- \liic tieu \a noi dunu cua chien luoc bao \ e moi truona quoc izia khone
lach roi muc lieu \a ngi dung cua chien luge kinh te \a hoi. ma no phai la mot bo
phan cau ihanh cua chien Urge phat trien kinh te xa hoi. dugc xa\ dung theo
huoiig phat trien hen \ung.
- C hien luoc bao \e moi truang quoc gia phai dua tren vice phan tich hien
u\m:: \a du bao \u the bicn don;^ moi truong cua dal nude, trong boi canh cong
' .-'^'^~P 'i^^'• lii^'^ ^-'1 l^^^^t 1^'Mu: ihoi. ehien luge na\ cung phai phu hcrp \ai
' : •''' '^'^ **"^^^ •'- ^'"*^- \ - ; ^'uii^ ii-^'ii c(T so licp thu bai hgc kinh nuhiCMU cua

IV" i.n \ ( k l I v..p n r h - , ( J u - . .-,1,1 I L l \ , - ;

\ l . i .,-, 0 [ ,is 4 t


NGH|£N Cl'U QUY HO/\CH BAO Vj: M 6 | TRI QfNG KHU VyC CAI RONG, HUYLN VAN OON, TJNH QU VNG NINH

cac nuac, thu hut dugc dau tu ciia nuac ngoai va la ca sa phap ly cho viec xay
dung cac ke hoach moi truang quoc gia trung han va ngan han.
7.2.7.2. Cdc muc tieu chien iwac
•

•

a) Muc tieu tong quat
Khong ngung cai thien va bao ve moi truang nham nang cao chat lugng
cugc song va sue khoe nhan dan, bao dam sir phat trien ben viJng ciia dat nuac.
b) Muc tieu chien luac
Tiep tuc phong ngua 6 nhiem, tang cuang bao ve da dang sinh hgc, chii
trgng su diing hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhicn va cai thien moi truang.
c) Cdc muc tieu cu the
- Phong ngita a nhiem: (1) tang cuang nang lire quan ly, hoan thien he
thong phap luat dong bg va cac chinh sach ho trg phong ngua 6 nhiem suy
thoai va su co moi truang. Tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc va kien thuc moi
truang cho cong dong; (2) xay dung quy hoach phat trien ben vCrng cho cac do
thj. khu cong nghiep, nong thon, cac vung sinh thai. Ap dung cac cong nghe
sach. cong nghe thich hgp trong san xuat va xu ly 6 nhicm moi truang: (3)
dam bao thuc hien dugc tieu chuan moi trudng tiem can vai lieu chuan moi
truang cac nuac tien tien trong khu vuc va quoc te.
- Bao ton vd su dung ben vung nguon tdi nguyen thien nhien. da dgng sinh
hgc: Tang cudng kha nang quan ly. dau tu. phap lual euCyng che \a giai phap ho
trg de thuc hien bao ton, phat trien va sir dung ben \ ung da dang sinh hgc cua cac
he sinh thai: runs, bien. tren can. duai nuoc. Bao \e. khoi phuc va sir dunu co
hieu qua cac nguon tai nguyen thien nhien hien co nhu tai nguyen dat. rung,
nuac, khoan^ san, nane luana va tai nguven da danti sinh hoc... phuc vu su
nghiep phat trien ben viing ciia dat nuac. Bao ton cac vung co he sinh thai dac
thu de duy tri can bang sinh thai, nang long dien lich cac khu bao \e da dang sinh
hgc (cong \'ien. \'udn quoc gia \a khu bao ton thien nhien) len khoang 2**'o dien
lich tu nhien cua ca nude,
- Cai thic)} moi truang: Tien tai thu gom. xir ly co ban chat thai ran. chat
thai cong nghiep, chat thai \ le va chat thai sinh hoal a cac ihanh phd \ a khu dan
cu dong due. Cai tao cac doan song, ao ho. kcMih nuro^ng da hi o nhieni. cac \umi
dal bi su\ thoai, xanh hoa moi irudng do thi. khu cong nghiep.
m tai NCKH Ciip Dai hoc Qu6c gia Ha Noi, Ma so: QT.08.43

NGHIEN CI U QUY HO XCH B \ 0 VK MOI TRI ONG KHU VI. C CAI RONG. HUYtN VAN 0 6 N , TINH QU.VNG NINH

1.2.1.3. Chien luoc hao ve moi truang quoc gia
Chien luge Bao \e Moi truang Quoc gia den nam 2010 va dinh huang den
nam 2020 dua ra 5 ngi dung nhiem \u co ban \ e bao ve moi truang theo dinh
huong phat trien ben \ ung do Fhu ludng ban hanh gom:
- Phong ngua \ a kiem soat 6 nhiem.
- Khac phuc tinh trang 6 nhiem va suy thoai moi trudng nghiem trgng.
- Bao \'e \ a khai thae ben vung cac nguon tai nguyen thien nhien.
• Bao vc \ a cai ihien moi trudng cac khu vuc trgng diem.
- Bao ton thien nhien \ a da dans sinh hoc.
•

\^

*

1.2.2. Can cu phap l\ trong quy hoach bao ve moi trirong thj tran Cai Rong
7.2.2.7. Cdc can cu phdp ly trong quy hoach bao ve moi truvng tai Viet l\am
Quy hoach noi chung va quy hoach bao ve moi trudng noi rieng la cong
cu ho trg \a la hoal dgng ludn luon gan lien vdi qua trinh ra quyet djnh, do do.
doi hoi cung nhir bai huge phai luan ihco cac qu> dinh ciia phap luat. Cac can cu
phap 1\ trong qu_\ hoach bao \e moi trudng lien quan den hau hct cac van ban
phiip lual hien hanh. wouii ilo nhung \an ban quan trgng la:
- Lual bao \c nioi truong: dugc Quoc hoi nude Cong hoa Xa hdi Chu
nghia \'iel Nam thdng qua nga\ 27 ihang 1 1 nam 1993 \'a dugc Chu tich nude ky
sac lenh ban hanh nga) 10 ihang 1 nam 1994.
- Nghi dinh T ? CP cua chinh phu (ngay 18 thang 10 nam 1994) \ e hudng

dan ihi hanh hial ha(i \c nioi [[uonu.
- Chicn kigc hao \c moi truong quoc gia den nam 2010 \a dinh hirdng
den nam 2020 (ihco QD 256 2003 QD-TTg): cac chi6n luac bao ve moi truwm
dia phuong \a nganh.
- 31 lieu chuan Vict Nam \e moi Irudng bat huge ap dung, ban hanh iheo
MU}et dinh sd 3^ 2(102 (,)n-BKI KNMl nga> 25 6 2002 cua Bg truong Bo Khoa
hoc C on:: nghc va Mot iru'oiv^.

- I ^'sit dal dai nam ]()n:^ dugc (,)udc hoi thdng qua nga\ 2(^ 1 1 2(Kl3, cd
hicu luc tu niiA\ I " 2'">4.

I V" • 1 \ U \ 1 K

ip O r 'l.M (.>n.'., . / 1 1 ;.. \ . . .

Ml..

(J 1 . N J %


NGHIEN CrU QUY HO^CH BAO V f MOI TRICWG KHU VI. C CAI R 6 N G ,

HUYKN

VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH

- [.uat Khoang san dugc Quoc hdi nude Cdng hoa Xa hdi Chu nghla Viet
Nam khoa IX thdng qua ngay 20/3'1996 va Chu lich nude k> sac lenh cdng bd
ban hanh s6 472-CTN ngay 3/4/1996.
- Luat Tai nguyen nude dugc Quoc hoi nude Cong hoa Xa hoi Chii nghla

Viet Nam khoa X ky hgp thijr 3 thong qua ngay 20/5/1998.
- Luat Thuy san dugc Quoc hoi nude Cong hoa Xa hoi Chii nghla Viet
Nam khoa XI, ky hgp thu 4 thdng qua vao nam 2003.
- Luat Xay dung dugc Quoc hdi nude Cong hoa Xa hdi Chii nghla Viet
Nam thdng qua ngay 26/11/2003.
- Luat Phat trien va Bao ve rung ban hanh ngay 18/1/1991 va Luat sua
doi, bd sung Luat Phat trien va Bao ve rung dugc Qude hdi nude Cdng hoa Xa
hdi Chu nghla Viet Nam thdng qua ngay 10^11/2004.
Ben canh do la cac Cdng ude Qudc tc Viet Nam da tham gia ky ket:
- Cdng Mcsc. ve viec bao ve cac di san van hoa va thien nhien ciia The gidi
(da dirge thdng qua tai ky hgp thu 17 ciia Dai hdi dong UNESCO tai Paris ngay
16/11/1972).
- Cdng \xoz ve cac vung dat ngap nirdc cd lam quan trgng qudc te dac biet
nhu la noi cu Iru ciia loai chim nude Ramsar, 2'2 1971 (dirge sua ddi theo nghi
dinh thu Paris ngay 3/12/1982).
- Cdng ude Basel ve kiem soat van chuyen qua bien gidi cac chat phe thai
ngu> hicMii va viec tieu huy chung.
- Cdng wi^Q ve da dang sinh hoc (Rio De Janeiro. nga\ 5 6 1992).
1.2.2.2, Cdc can citphdp ly ve quy hoach bdo ve moi trirong tinh Qudng

\inh

- Nghi quycn IIDND sd 117 2003/NQ-riD nga\ 29 7 2003 ^I'd mot sd chu
tnrang, giai phdp tang cuang cong tdc qudn ly\ bao ve nu)i trur/ng Quang Ninh
dCm 20ia'

vca Kt} hoach sd 2018'^KH-UB ngay 01 12 2003 cua UBND tinh ve

irien khai imhi qu\et HDND tinh khoa X - kv hop thu S \ e bao \e nidi trudne a
Quang Ninh den nam 2005 \ a 2010.

- K^ hocach sd 1137 KlI-UB nga\ 20 05 2005 cua I'BND linh \ c \ ice Uuic
hien nghi qu\et sd 41 - NQTW' cua Bg Chinh lrpg^J^i|ci:^

Di tii NCKH cAp O^ii hyc Quoc gia Ha N'Oi, Ma sO: Q l .US.43

^IJl^


NGHIEN CI U QUY HO vCH B \ 0 Vf MOI TRI ONG KHU V^ C CAI RpNG. HUn** VAN 0 6 N . TINH QUANG NINH

k> daN manh cong nghiep hoa. hien dai hoa dit nuac ciia tinh Quang Ninh den
nam 2010. dinh huong den 2015.
1.3. CAC CA^ CI KHOA HOC L.AP QL Y HOACH BAO VE MOI TRirOfNG
1.3.1. T6ng quan tinh hinh nghien ciiu quy hoach bao ve moi trucrng
a) Nghien ciiu quy hogch bdo ve moi truang tren thi gidi va Viet Nam
Thuat ngu "Qu\ hoach moi truang" (Environmental Planning) ra dai vao
nhune nam 1970. Tir nhuns nam 1990. quy hoach moi truang dugc pho bien
rone rai tren ihe gidi. Cac cdng trinh cdng bd trong giai doan nay tap trung phan
lich rd nhung \an dc >\nh thai irong qu\ hoach mdi trudng, su dung dat ndng
nghiep. phat IriCMi dd ihi. cdng nghiep (J.M. Bdington Vca M.A. Edington, 1977);
moi quan he giira sinh thai hoc, danh gia tac dgng mdi trudng vdi quy hoach mdi
irudng. nhc\n manh anh huong sinh thai va mdi quan he khang khit cua sinh thai
hoc ddi vdi danh gia lac dgng mdi trudng (W.H. Westman, 1985); hudng dan quy
hoach mdi trudng cho cac cdng ddng nhd, tren ca sd tdn trgng quy^n ciia nhan
dan. cua cdng ddng. nhu cdu cua cdng ddng va giai quyet cac nhu cau dd cho
cdng dong (Hang Bao \c mdi iruivng Hoa Ky. 1994); phuong phap tiep can tdng
hgp trong qu\ hoach mdi irudng theo kinh nghiem Huropipe (S.Bastian va
(i.Menning. 1999): qu> hoach su dung dat cho phat trien ben vung (J. Silberstein
\a imk. 2000): Qii> hoach \a quan ly rui ro mdi trudng (S.Gerrard va nnk. 2001).
Do qu> hoach mdi truong \i\ nganh khoa hgc tre. nen hien nay cdn tdn tai

nhieu quan nicm khac nhau tren the gidi: '"quy hoach mdi trudng la vice khdi
ihao \a dieu hanh cac hoal dong nham hudng dan. kiem soat \iec thu nhap bien
doi. phan bd \a dd thai mdl each phii hgp vdi boat ddng ciia con ngudi sao cho
cac qua irinh lu nhiC'n. sinh thai \ a xa hdi tdn that mot each it nhat" (Baldwin.
l'-)84).... "la qua irinh hinh thanh. danh gia va thuc hien chinh sach mdi trudng)
(B. b\ans \ a nnk.. 1*^)02).... "la su xac dinh cac muc tieu mons muon ve kinh te
\a hoi ddi \(Yi moi tiuong tu nhicn \a lao ra cac chuong trinh. qu\ trinh de dat
duoc nhung nuic lieu ^\o'\ Nhuiig \an de qu\ hoach mdi trirdng ihanh phd \a qu\
hoach \ung bao gom >u dung dat. giao thdng \an lai. siic khoe. cac trung lam thi
ir;ifi nioi. dan sd. chinh ^ach cua nha nirdc \'e dinh cu. cac \an dc nha a, phat
iricn ^\o ihi. chiiih sach iiioi iririnig ddi \o\ qudc gia. \ung \a dd ihi. cac \an de
\c o nhicin \a danh gia lac dvMig moi iru'ong ciing dugc dc cap den Irong cac
^|uan nicni \c qu\ lioj^h

;IIVM

uirong cua nhieu tac gia. I u\ \ a \ . co the tha\ rang.

Pc Ml XC KM cfip n,ii h-K *^>unL I;M I Ki Xv'i, M.i -^n: QI.OS 41
U i u t i i I s \ i ; i i \ c n \ n I hinh, kho.i i^ui i>. I riiimg t);n hoc Khoa h«


NGHIEN ClVU QUY HOACH BAO Vj; MOI TRI "ONG KHU VI,iC CAI RdNG, HUY^N VAN DON, TJNH QUANG NINH

mac du cd nhung quan niem khac nhau ve quy hoach mdi trudng nhung ban chat
ciia qiiy hoach mdi trudng phai la van de sii dung hgp ly dat dai \ a cac he sinh
thai trong qua trinh phat trien; la mot bd phan cau thanh cua chien hrgc phat irien
kinh te xa hoi dugc xay dung theo hudng phat trien ben vung, khdng the tach rdi
quy hoach phat trien kinh te. Quy hoach mdi trudng la dang quy hoach mang tinh
lien nganh va phai tdn trgng cac quyen va giai quyet nhu cau ciia cdng ddng dia

phuang.
•a

t

\

r

I

Trong nghien cuu ung dung tren thuc tien, cd the de cap den mot sd cdng
trinh tieu bieu sau: Bao cao mdi trudng sd 3 cua Ngan hang phat trien chau A
(ADB) (1991) da diem lai mot sd quy hoach mdi trudng khu vuc chau A: Du an
luu vuc hd I^aguna va vung Palawan (Philippin); du an luu vuc sdng Han (Man
Qude), du an vung Segara Anakan (Indonexia); du an thung lung Klang
(Malaixia),... Nghien cuu ciia Ngan hang phat trien chau A (ADB) dua cac thdng
sd moi trudng can dugc dua vao quy hoach va dua ra san pham eudi cung la quy
hoach phat trien kinh te xa hdi vung vdi nhirng can nhac can ihiet tdi nhu cau
phat trien ben vung bang each nhat the hda vdi quan ly tai nguyen va mdi trirdng.
Mot so tac gia khac cho rang de giai quyet nhirng xung dot ve mdi trudng v \ phai
trien thi can phai xay dung he thdng tren ca sd nhiing van de mdi trudng (14.L.L.
Choo, 1997).
Tai Viet Nam. Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dang loan qudc Ian ihu IX da xac dinh:
"Su dung hgp ly va tiet kiem tai ngu\en. bao \e \a cai tao mdi trudng Ur nhien.
bao ton da dang sinh hgc. coi day la mot ngi dung cua chicMi Urge, quy hoach. kc
hoach, chuang trinh va du an phat trien kinh tc xa hdi". Chien luge phat trien
kinh t^ xa hdi Viet Nam giai doan 2001-2010 da dugc Dai hdi Dang Ian thir IX
thdng qua cdn chi rd: "Phat trien kinh te xa hdi phai gan chal \di bao ^e mdi
trirdng va cai thien mdi trirdng, dam bao su hai hda giua mdi irudng nhan ,ao \ a

mdi trudng tu nhien". Van de lap qu} hoach mdi trudng ciing da dugc qu\ djnh
tai Di^u 3, Chuang 1 cua Luat Bao ve mdi trirdng. Viec lap bao cao danh gia tac
ddng mdi trudng ddi vdi cac du an qu\ hoach lanh thd \ a dd thi cung dugc qu\
dinh tai Dieu 9 trong Nghi dinh 175/Chinh phu \'e hudng dan thi hanh Luat Bao
\ c nidi trirdng. nhirng cho den nay hau nhu nhiing qu> dinh nay cdn it dugc Irien
khai ihirc hien. mac du cac thanh phd. ihi Iran \'a nhicn \iing lanh thd da co quy
dinh phat trien tdng the dugc phe du\ct. Viec trien khai kho khan hcri thirc tc qu\
hoach cuns mdi chi chii trgng den cac \eu id tai ngu\cn. he sinh thai chu chua di

Dt tai NCKH cAp D;.ii hoc Quoc gia Ha Xgi. Ma so: QT.08.43


NGHIEN Cl U QUY HO \CH B VO VK MOI TRI ONG KHU VI. C CAI R 6 N G ,

HUYEN

VAN 0 6 N » TJNH Q U A N G NINH

sau phan tich nhung \an de \c kinh te. thi trudng, van hoa - xa hdi \a co che
chinh sach dau tu.
Trong Tu dien Bach khoa Toan thu Viet Nam, Quy hoach mdi trudng
dugc quan niem "la nhung quy dinh ve muc tieu va bien phap bao ve mdi trudng
trong thdi gian nhat dinh nham duy tri can bang sinh thai va ddng thdi van dam
bao muc tieu phat trien. Muc tieu ciia cdng tac quy hoach mdi trudng nham xac
dinh cac hanh ddng \e mdi trirdng mang tinh he thdng, ddng bd va dirge xep thu
lu uu tien: hu\ ddng moi ngudn luc can thiet va bd tri de bao dam thuc hien tdt
cac hanh ddng vc mdi trudng da dinh ra nham su dung hgp h' nhat cac ngudn tai
ngu\en, phdng chdng d nhiem mdi trudng. tranh gay nguy hai den chat lugng
mdi trudng hoac khdi phuc nhung mdi trudng da bj suy thoai. phuc vu cho sir
nghiep phat trien ben vung kinh te - xa hdi ciia dat nude. Quy hoach mdi trudng

hao gdm 9 ngi dung: (1) xa\ dung phuang hudng, chien luge ve mdi trirdng va
phat trien ben Ming dc dua vao quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hdi nham thuc
hien su phat trien hai hoa giua kinh te va mdi trudng; (2) dieu tra ca ban cac yeu
Id ve mdi trudng nhu dat. nude, khdng khi, rung, bien va cac khia canh van hoa
CO hen quan....: (3) dieu tra tinh hinh d nhiem mdi Irudng d cac thanh phd Idn,
khu cong nghiep. khu dong dan cu quan trong, vung bien dang khai thae d^u
khi.. .: ( )i cac du an hao ton. khdi phuc cac he sinh thai cd lam quan trgng cho
phat incn ben \ung kinh ic xa hoi \a du\ iri tinh da dang sinh hgc; (5) danh gia
hicn tru(rng nuii truong: (h) thanh tra mdi trudng: (7) xay dung tiem luc mdi
Huong o cac ho. nganh \a dia phuong: (8) cac bien phap sir dung hgp li tai
nguxen thien nhicn. mdi truong: (9) hoal ddng khoa hgc. cdng nghe \'a mdi
truong" (ngudn: Tir diCai bach khoa Vict Nam online, 2008).
irong thoi gian gan da\. nhieu de Uii quy hoach mdi Irudng dugc nghien
cuu \a thuc hicn o cac qii> md \a cac cap khac nhau tai cac dia phircmg. Quy
hoach mdl truong da dugc xa\ dung a Ha Ngi. thanh phd Ho Chi Minh. Hai
Phong. Ha Nam. Nam Dinh. Nghe An. Ca Mau. Ddng Nai da xay dung quy
hiMch mo! truong. \ i du. L'l^ND linh Hai Duan2 vua qu\^t dinh Chirone trinh
<Ui> hoach nio! truong giai doan 2006 - 2010 \a djnh hirdng d^n nam 2020.
Uiu.rng irniii huong ^Wn cac nuic lieu cu the nham khac phuc d nhiem mdi
iruon- ircn dia han tmh. Dc hoan ihanh cac muc lieu ircn. cung xo'i \ ice danh uia
ML dong long hop cua dicu kicn tu nhicn. kinh te xa hoi den moi iruonLi.... dcMi
nam 2iUU \a 2(Cn. imii Mai Duong >c dirge phan ihanh 4 \u\vj. chuc nanu mdi

V hii Ml

1 ^ X . ; u \ t : i \ n I hni h, K hiM Oi.i i \

I r in-nk; Oni hue K h o a hi;c

NGH|£N C\V QUY HOACH BAO V $ M 6 I

TRirpfNG KHU VI C CAI R6NG, HUYLN VAN DON. TlNH QU VNG NINH

trudng va cac ti8u vung. Vung L mdi trudng khu cdng nghiep vdi 4 tieu vung.
Viing II: mdi trudng do thj vdi 7 tieu vung. Vung III: mdi trudng ndng nghiep va
ndng Ihdn vdi 5 tieu vung. Vung IV: mdi trirdng lam nghiep \ a khu du Ijch. vdi 4
tieu vung.
Nhiing nghien cuu budc dau ve quy hoach mdi trudng duac thuc hien a
viing Ha Long (tinh Quang Ninh) va vung ddng bang sdng Hdng. Mot sd tinh
nhu Thai Nguyen, Lang Son, Binh Thuan, Quang Ngai,... dang tien hanh xay
dung Chi6n luge Bao ve mdi trudng c4p tinh. Trong thdi gian gan day. Cue Mdi
trudng da dau tu kinh phi de nghien cuu quy hoach mdi trirdng theo cac dinh
hudng: phuang phap luan quy hoach mdi trudng (1998). qu\ hoach mdi trudng
sa bg ddng bang sdng Hdng (1999), du thao hirdng dan qu\ hoach mdi trudng
(1999), nghien cuu xay dung quy hoach mdi trudng vung ddng bang sdng Cuu
Long (1999), quy hoach mdi trudng vung Ddng Nam Bd (2000-2003). du an quy
hoach mdi trudng thi tran Bac Ninh vdi sir tai trg cua Canada (2002-2003).
Trong giai doan 2006-2009, Chuang trinh Quy hoach Mdi trudng Dd thi Viet
Nam (IINPP) va Uy ban chau Au (EC) da cam ket tai trg cho cac dia phucmg tai
Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long 3 trieu pAiro thuc hien 9 dir an quy hoach mdi irudng
dd thi.
Do yeu cau thuc tien cua cdng tac quan ly, bao ve mdi irudng, dam bao
phat trien ben vung va do tinh cap thiet cua van de quy hoach mdi trudng. trong
chuong trinh nghien cii'u cap nha nirdc giai doan 2001-2005 ve Bao ve Mdi
Irudng va Phdng tranh Thien tai da md ra 2 de tai \e qu\ hoach mdi trudng
la "Nghien cuu xay dung quy hoach mdi trudng phuc \ u phat iricn kinh te xa hdi
viing ddng bdng sdng Hdng" (ma sd KC 08.02) \a "Nghien cuu xa\ dung qu\
hoach mdi IrudnR viins kinh te tromi diem mien Irune (Thira Thien Hue - Da
N5ng - Quang Nam - Quang Ngai)" (ma sd KC 08.03). Tuy nhien, \iec nghien

cuu nav hien chi thu hiit su tham gia cua cac nha khoa hoc \ a cac nha quan ly
chii chua cd su tham gia cua cdng ddng. cac nha doanh nghiep. cac to chuc phi
Chinh phu.
h) Cdc cong nghe nghien civn iing dung trong quy hoach bdo ve moi
trudng tren the gi&i, Viet IS am vd khu vitc nghien cuu
Tuv cd nhieu khac biet trong dinh nghia \ a qu\ trinh thuc hien. quy hoach
mdi trirdng \an ludn the hien nhung dac trung rd ncl nhat ki tinh lien nganh giai
qu\el tdng hgp cac \an de mdi trudng trong nidi tuong lac phuc lap \di cac he
Di VA'\ NCKH Clip Dai hvc Quoc gia HA N^i, Ma so: QT.0S.4:


NGHIEN C« U QUY HO VCH B vO VL MOI TRI ONG KHU VI. C CAI RONG. HUY$N VAN O O N . TINH QU.ANG NINH

ihong kinh t^. chinh tri \a .\a hoi. QUN hoach bao ve moi trirang co the dugrc thirc
hien bang nhi^u phuang phap \ a cong nghe ph6i hgp \ a i nhau nhu phaii tich he
th6ng. vien tham \ a GIS. phan viing chiJrc nang moi trucmg, danh gia tac dong
moi truong tich hgp. Trong do. viln tham va GIS la nhung cong nghe dugc sii
dung nhi6u trong cong tac qu\ hoach bao ve moi trucmg, phan tich thong tin va
mo hinh hoa l- Xdy dung du lieu mdl truang: phan tich va tinh Ipc du lieu phuc vu quan
trk. danh gia cac d6i tugng moi truang va nghien cuu tinh kha thi. Du lieu anh
ve tinh co the dugc to chirc \ a danh gia nha GIS. Mot nguon dO: lieu rat quan
ironu la su kCt hop eiiia GIS \cVi GPS (he thong dinh vi toan cau) va cong nghe
\ icn tham.
- Qudn ly du lieu nwi trwd'ng: quan ly va giam sat mire nude, chat lugng
nude, cac ngudn Igi tir vung luu vuc nhd cdng cu quan ly ca sd du heu va tao
ban dd ciia GIS. Nhd dd viec quan ly mot lugng du lieu dd so trd nen hieu qua
han nhieu so vdi sir dung mdl he thdng phi GIS.
- Quy hoach cdc nhdn to nidi trwd'ng: kha nang phan tich dugc the hien d
\ ice c|uan ly dugc mdi quan he giiia cac nhan id mdi trudng tu nhien cung nhu \a

hdi. I ir nhiing phan iich na\. cac chien hrgc qu\ hoach cho tirng ddi tugng \a
cho tdng the chung dugc .\a\ dung.
- Qua}} Iv chat thai: cho phep cac nha quan ly chat thai danh gia hien trang
chal thai hien na\ \a du doan trong luong lai. Ngoai ra. cac nha quan 1\ cd the
chia \ e thdng tin giiia cac id chirc va kel hgp vdi cac ca quan dieu chinh de cai
ihicn \an de kiem soat. \an chu\en \a chdn lap rac thai.
- \ghien cuu vd quan ly he sinh thdi: cd kha nang phan tich toan bd he
sinh thai. GIS dugc su dung de md phdng he sinh thai nhu mot dan vi hoan
chinh. hien thj hinh anh cua cac \ung nha\ cam.
- Danh ojd chat hrono fumc: cdng nghe \ ien tham va GIS cd kha nang tap
hop tai ca cac man chat lugng niro'c hoac chi mdl sd mau dugc lua chgn Irong
qua innh phan tich. Sau du cac man duoc phan hch \a hicn thi nho GIS.
1 icn the gioi. hmvng un^ dung cdng nghc \ icn tham \ a GIS dugc su dung
\o\]-ji fai ir(>ni: nhieu du an .\u\ hcvich mdi Iruo'ng. D\r an hiru \ uc sdni: Santa Ana
(L alilornia) da su duuL: (ilS \a \icn tham lam cdng cu quan l\ \a Liiam sat muc
nuoc. chat

IIUVUL: IUUK.

\a cac ngudn Igi tu \ ung luu \ u c . W'RI su dum: dir lieu

in"' tai \ ( k l l . . i p P.ii hiK ( J u . . . .-.M li.i \ M I . Ma sn: Q T . n S 4 1
t. iiii til

i ^. \ / . \ i \ 111 \ n I :iinh

k H t ' j O M l v , 1 ru «ng O.u live Khoa


NGHI£N CCU QUY HQ^CH BAO yj M6I TRI^6NG KHU vyc CAI RONG. HUYEN VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH

va phan mem GIS tu nam 1994 dl bien dich cac thdng tin ve su tha\ ddi mdi
trudng cd tinh toan cau, du bao tac ddng ciia nhung xu hudng bien ddng nguy
hiem, tir dd vach ra nhiing chien luge sir dung ben vung cac ngudn tai ngu\en.
nham thiet lap mdi can bang dn dinh ciia mdi trudng tren toan cau. Sd Do dac
Dia chat bang Georgia (GGS) da dung GIS de quan ly ca sd du Ueu ve 118 bai
chdn lap chat thai rSn cho phep. Cac thdng tin trong ca sd du' lieu bao gdm ten
r

r

bai chdn lap, vi tri, kinh do, vT do, dudng vao bai chdn lap. dung tich bai. vimg
chau thd sdng chinh va ma dan vi thuy van ciia vimg chau thd nay. Cue Quan ly
Dat dai My sii* dung GIS de quan ly cac he sinh thai viing chau thd sdng
Columbia: danh gia tac dgng mdi trudng, phat trien quy hoach chien luge, xay
dung ban dd md ta toan bd he thdng. Tinh King (Washington) sir dung GIS va tu
lieu vien tham de danh gia chat lugng nude trong toan tinh.
Tai Viet Nam, cac cdng trinh quy hoach mdi trudng thj tran Udng Bi, khu
vuc Ha Long - Cam Pha - Yen Hung, tinh Quang Ninh da sir dung cdng nghe
vien tham va GIS de xac djnh dien bien tai nguyen rirng. tim vi iri bai chdn lap
va sir ly rac thai, lap md hinh tinh toan lugng nude ngap trong xay dung hd
chua.... (Nguyen Cao Huan, Nguyen An Thinh va nnk. thuc hien. 2004-2006).
Trong pham vi de tdi, do dac Irwng Id mot lanh thd cd dien tich khdng Ian
nen cong nghe anh hdng khong divac sir dung dc xdy dung han do hien irang sir
dung ddt nam 2008. Day Id du lieu dau vdo quan trong, cap nhat de tu- do xdv
ditng ban do canh quan vd tien hanh nghien cuu cdc van de kinh te xa hoi vd mdi
trirang phuc vu xdy dung quy hogch bdo ve moi truang.
1.3.2, Phuong phap luan LANDEP ap dung trong nghien cuu quy hoach bao
vc nidi trudng thj tran Cai Rong
Quy hoach Sinh thai Canh quan (Landscape 1 cological Planning

LANDEP) dugc phat trien a Tiep Khac (cu) trong thap k\ 8U cua the ky XX. do
hai nha sinh thai hgc canh quan la Miklos va Ru/icka khoi xudng. Ihirc chal.
day la phuang phap luan tdng hgp dugc sir dung trong cdng tac quy hoach lanh
thd \i\ quan ly tai ngu\en nham giai qu>ct cac \an de ra qu\el dinh su dung dat
dai a qu\ md qude gia theo hudng tdng hgp. lren co sa thira ke nen khoa hgc
Tiep Khac (cu). hien na>' LANDLP tiep tuc dugc \'ien Sinh thai Canh quan thuoc
Vien Khoa hgc Slovakia phat trien theo huong irng dung nghiCai ciru sinh thai
Ccinh quan \a quan ly lanh thd. LANDLP ciing la phuang phap luan vc bao \e
tdng hgp tai ngu\en thien nhien dirge gidi thieu trong chuang 10 cua Chuana
Dc KM N'CKM crip Oji live Quoc gia Ha Nyi, Ma sO: Qr.0^.4.'^