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INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale for the study
Human’s practical activity is activated by a system of
motivation. After all, the most powerful motivating force is the selfconscious activity in pursuing and satisfying their needs with a variety of
benefits. When studying the driving force of history, C. Marx stated:
"History is nothing but a human activity pursuing his own purpose".
Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
are factors created by satisfying objective needs with legitimate and
personal benefits that promote positive sense of self-reliance, help
them overcome the obstacles of work, bring the quality and
effectiveness of teaching and scientific research increasingly high,
meet the requirements of every task assigned. Without motivation,
lecturers of political theory work less actively, lack of creativity, it is
difficult to overcome obstacles from the nature of work, making the
quality of activities low, unsustainable, and cohesion between
lecturers of political theory with related organization are not tight and
smooth.
In the past years, the studies on human motivation in general
and that of lecturers in particular have gained positive results,
contributing to further clarifying relevant theoretical issues.
However, these studies are not in-depth, inadequate, and there are no
studies on motivation of lecturers of political theory at military from
a philosophical perspective. In terms of the current situation, besides
the majority of lecturers of political theory in military schools
working actively, voluntarily, with strong motivation, there is a part
lacking motivation, not active in fulfilling their tasks, and lack sense
of responsibility, passion, creativity, commitment, and love for their
jobs. Several lecturers of political theory have low teaching demands
and career trends are not clear. Motivation constraints, both in terms
of theoretical and practical research, have been hindering leaders and

management at all levels involved in policy making to stimulate
lecturers of political theory. Simultaneously, it also held back their
activeness, self-awareness and creative.
In the context that the military schools continue to promote the
basic and comprehensive renovation of education and training under
the Party's Resolution No. 29 / NQ-TU (Session XI); research


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activities of social sciences and humanities, building military schools
with new development; the ideological and theoretical struggles
against views and reactionary ideas of hostile forces at home and
abroad have complicated developments; ask lecturers of political
theory at military to continuously improve the quality of activities.
Simultaneously, the negative impacts of the market economy, the
change of moral values and professional values have been strongly
affecting lecturers of political theory in terms of mind, emotions,
responsibility, and tasks performance. Thus, the thesis seeks to study
their motivation and proposes solutions to motivating lecturers of
political theory at military to be more active, self-conscious, creative,
and passionate. For the above-mentioned reasons, the author decides
to select the topic "Motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools today" as his doctoral thesis.
2. Purposes and tasks of the study
Purposes
The thesis interprets the theoretical and practical issues about
the motivation of lecturers of political theory at military; proposing a
system of basic solutions to promote the motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military today.
Tasks

- Giving an overview of the research situation related to the
thesis topic.
- Clarifying the concept, characteristics and basic factors that
determine the motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools.
- Analysing and assessing the current situation and pointing out the
problems raised from the lecturers of political theory at military schools.
- Proposing a system of basic solutions to promoting
motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools today.
3. Object and scope of the study
Object
Motivation of lecturers of political theory.
Scope
In terms of content: The thesis studies the basic theoretical
issues and lecturers of political theory at military.


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Scope of investigation and survey: Researching and examining
the motivation of lecturers of political theory in the Vietnam People's
Army academies and schools, such as the Political Academy, the Border
Guard Academy, the Political Officers Training College, the Army
Officers Training College N1, and the Army Officers Training College
N2.
In terms of time: The thesis uses data, documents, surveys the
current situation of motivation of lecturers of political theory from
2014 July 2019.
4. Theoretical, practical basis and methodology
Theoretical basis
The thesis is based on the theoretical basis of Marxism Leninism, How Chi Minh ideology, views and guidelines of the

Communist Party of Vietnam on building, developing, promoting the
role of teachers and development education and trading; motivation
issue, the role of motivation for officers and employees in the cause
of national innovation.
Practical basis
The thesis is based on the activities of lecturers of political
theory at military schools, through the relevant data of published
studies, aggregated data from the results of the referendum,
interviews, directives, resolutions, programs, and projects of the
Party, the State, the Army and military schools today.
Methodology
The thesis utilizes the methodology of dialectical and historical
materialism. The approach of the thesis is to study motivation in
terms of needs, benefits and links to needs and benefits.
The thesis uses secondary data analysis methods: collecting,
synthesizing, systematizing, processing, analysing and evaluating
documents and data from reports and works published in and abroad.
Simultaneously, the thesis inherits the scientific theories, the
approach views of domestic and foreign research works on the
motivations of people, cadres, workers, and lecturers of political
theory.
Additionally, the thesis also uses a combination of methods of
interdisciplinary science: Logic and history, abstraction and
generalization, statistics, sociological surveys, observations, in-depth


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interviews and expert’s consultancy so as to clarify the issues in the
thesis.
5. New contributions of the study

In terms of theory
The thesis has introduced and clarified the conception,
characteristics and basic factors determining motivation of lecturers
of political theory at military schools.
In terms of practice
The thesis has accurately and updated the status of motivation
of lecturers of political theory at military schools.
The thesis has proposed the system of basic, synchronous and
feasible solutions to promoting motivation of lecturers of political
theory at military schools today.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the study
The findings of the thesis contribute to clarify the theoretical
issues on motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools. At the same time, it contributes to enriching the theory of the
motivations of people, workers and lecturers in institutes, colleges
and universities.
The results of the thesis provide a scientific rationale for the
leadership and educational management team to propose solutions to
promoting motivation and enhance motivation, thereby improving
quality of performance of the duties of lecturers of political theory at
military. The research results of the thesis can also be used as
references, research documents, teaching, retraining, and improving
the spirit, motivation, attitude, will, professional feelings of lecturers
of political theory at military schools today.
7. The structure of the study
The thesis includes: Introduction, 4 chapters (11 periods),
conclusions, and a list of the thesis-related works published by the
author, a list of references and appendices.
Chapter 1
AN OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH

SITUATION
1.1. The works related to motivation of people and workers
1.1.1. The foreign works


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Human and workers’ motivation has been paid due attention to
by several scientists in the world. Here are typical works: "A theory
of human motivation" by Maslow; "Existence, relatedness, and grow:
Human needs in organizational settings" by Alderfer; "The
Motivation of works" by Herzberg; "Intentional Behaviour" by Ryan;
"A theory of goal setting and task performance" by Locke and
Latham; "Human motivation" by Weiner; "Work and motivation" by
Vroom; and "Self-determination theory and work motivation" by
Gagné and Deci. The scientific works in foreign countries have
shown the concept of motivation, the origin of motivation, factors
affecting motivation of people and workers. On that basis, they
propose solutions to motivating each specific object. This is a
valuable resource, a premise for the author to study the theory of the
motivation of political theory lecturers in military schools.
1.1.2. The domestic works
In the country, the studies on human and cadre motivation have
been started quite early, especially from 1986 to present. Typically:
"The issue of promoting and properly using the motivating role of
people in the cause of socio-economic development" by Le Huu
Tang; "The motivation of the intellectuals in the creative labour in
our country today" by Phan Thanh Khoi; "Creating job motivation
for employees in the organization" by Nguyen Trang Thu; "Creating
motivation for management employees in state-owned enterprises in
Hanoi to 2020" by Vu Thi Uyen; "Motivating employees at stateowned economic groups in Vietnam" by Phan Minh Duc; "Improving

the system of motivational tools for civil servants in state
administrative agencies" by Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan; "Creating the
motivation to strive and contribute to the current army cadres" by
Pham Thanh Giang; "Promoting the social activism of our contingent
of cadres today" by Nguyen Van Tai. These works have provided the
concept of motivation and factors affecting motivation of each
specific object. They have assessed the current situation of
motivating and proposing solutions to motivate people and workers.
This is an important scientific premise for the thesis’s author to
inherit and study the theoretical research and proposed solutions to
enhancing motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools today.


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1.2. The works related to the motivation of lecturers and
lecturers of political theory
1.2.1. The foreign works
There have been many studies on the motivation of university
lecturers abroad. Typically: "Student psychological need satisfaction
and college teacher - Course evaluations" by Filak and Sheldon;
"Organizational work and personal factors in employee turnover and
absenteeism" by Porter and Steers; "Teacher motivation in Sub Sahara Africa and South Asia" by Paul Bennell and colleagues;
"Teacher motivation in India" by Ramachandran and Shekar;
"Teaching and researching motivation" by Dornyei; "Motivational
issues for teacher in Higher education: A critical case of IUB" by
Muhammad; "Teachers or organization?" by Menyhart. The
scientific works of the foreign authors have unanimously affirmed:
The driving force directly affects the performance of lecturers, the
development of each country's education sector. The scientific works

are unanimously affirmed: The motivation of lecturers in different
regions and countries is motivated in a close relationship with the
faculty's competence, beliefs and love of career. The motivation of
lecturers is influenced by several factors, both objective and
subjective. These scientific works are seen as the foundations for the
thesis author to absorb and fulfil the thesis’s tasks and objectives.
1.2.2. The domestic research works
The issue of driving force, motivation, and activeness in
teaching and research of lecturers and lecturers of political theory
in the country have been mentioned at different levels, typically:
"Researching teaching activism of university lecturers" by Nguyen
Thi Tinh; "Factors affecting the working motivation of political
theory lecturers at universities in Hanoi" by Nguyen Thuy Dung;
"Working motivation of lecturers in non-public universities in
Vietnam" by Truong Duc Thao; "Enhancing the capacity of
ideological - theoretical struggle of the contingent of social
science lecturers at the current People's Army schools" by Nguyen
Van Thuan; "Developing human resources for high-quality social
sciences and humanities in the Vietnam People's Army academies"
by Pham Thanh Giang; "Promoting the social activeness of the


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teaching staff in the current Vietnam People's Army Officers'
school" by Nguyen Van Hoa; "Promoting the motivation of
lecturers in improving the quality of training and scientific
research at the current Political Academy" by Bui Ngoc Quynh.
These scientific works have basically provided the concept of
motivation and teachers’ motivation and pointed out the factors
affecting motivation, motivating lecturers, and assessing the

current situation of motivation. Simultaneously, they have
proposed solutions to motivate, increase motivation for lecturers at
some specific colleges and universities. These are valuable
theoretical and practical bases, inherited and selected by the
author to study the motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools today.
1.3. Overview of the research results of the published works
related to the thesis and the issues need addressing in the thesis
1.3.1. Overview of the research results of published works
related to the thesis
Firstly, the theory on motivation of people, workers, lecturers,
and lecturers of political theory.
The relevant research works, though in different directions,
have basically given the concept of motivation in general and
motivated each field and each specific object with the scope and
space. In general, there are 2 approaches to motivation: (1)
Motivation is an element of internal strength, innate, innate,
promoting human behaviour, towards achieving certain goals, (2)
Motivation are factors derived from the satisfaction of needs and
benefits, which play a role in motivating people to be active, selfconscious, giving high quality and durable work. They have pointed
out the basic factors affecting the motivation and creating motivation
of each specific object.
Secondly, the reality of motivation of people, workers,
lecturers, and lecturers of political theory.
The research works assess the situation on different aspects.
Thereby, pointing out the advantages and limitations on each issue, at
the same time giving the reasons for the advantages and limitations.
The status of motivation is evaluated in the review works based on
the basic theoretical framework, based on specific manifestations:

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awareness, responsibility, attitude, and behaviour of people, officials,
workers and lecturers. The criteria for assessing motivation are also
very diverse, especially with the work that has proactively built a
dynamic evaluation model, built a toolkit, a measurement of human
dynamics on each specific aspect.
Thirdly, the solutions to creating and enhancing motivation of
people, workers, lecturers and lecturers of political theory.
The solutions focus on ensuring benefits through salary policy;
increase material and spiritual remuneration policies; building a
democratic, fair, open and transparent working environment; invest in
material facilities, equipment and facilities to ensure safety and
efficiency in their works.
The scientific works should have different approaches, content,
scope, and subjects, so the results are not the same; each project has
its own nuance creating diversity in research. The problem is related
to the motivation of people, workers, and lecturers. This is an
important theoretical and practical premise for the second author to
select into the study "Motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools today". At the same time, it is also a basis for
affirming that, from a philosophical perspective, there is no direct,
independent, intensive and systematic study of the motivation of
lecturers of political theory at military schools today.
1.3.2. The issues need addressing in the thesis
Based on the results of the published works related to the
dissertation topic, the thesis presented three graduate issues that the
thesis should focus on solving:
Firstly, the thesis focuses on building the concept of motivation
and clarifies the basic factors that determine the motivation of

political theory lecturers in military schools.
Secondly, the thesis focuses on researching and assessing the
current situation of the motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools.
Thirdly, the thesis focuses on investigating and proposing a
system of basic solutions to promoting motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools today.
Conclusion of chapter 1


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Until now, there have been a number of studies on motivation
in the country and in the world. The basic research directions, such
as: basis for forming motivation; factors affecting motivation; impact
of motivation on work efficiency; roles and ways to form motivation.
These studies have made certain contributions.
From the general study of the relevant research situation, the
researcher identifies a number of issues that put the thesis to focus on
solving: constructing concepts, clarifying the basic factors that
determine motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools; studying the motivational situation of lecturers of political
theory. Simultaneously, the thesis proposes some basic solutions to
enhancing motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools today.
Chapter 2
BASIC THEORETICAL ISSUES ON MOTIVATION OF
LECTURERS OF POLITICAL THEORY AT MILITARY
SCHOOLS
2.1. The conceptions and characteristics of motivation of
lecturers of political theory at military schools

2.1.1. The conception of motivation
In the field of natural sciences, motivation is mainly studied in
the fields of physical sciences and engineering sciences. Accordingly,
motivation is the energy that makes machines move. That means
motivation is understood as the forces that cause machines to move.
In engineering science, dynamic research has an independent
discipline - the dynamic field with the object and task research and
specialized characteristics.
In the field of social sciences and humanities, the term
motivation is approached according to different levels. According to
the PhD student, there are three levels:
Level one: The most common level, motivation is the impetus,
makes development, is explained in association with the awareness
and resolution of conflicts, through the process of fighting between
opposites. Regarding the unity and struggle between two opposing
sides, the interaction between those two sides in the same thing, the
phenomenon is the origin, is the motive, which promotes the process


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of movement, transformation and development of things, phenomena
in nature, society and ideology.
Level two: Access to motivation in a specific field - the
social domain. Motivation is associated with the role of social
actors and organizations. On that basis, motivation is understood
as the impacts and stimuli of social entities and organizations,
thereby creating social mobilization and development. At different
times, the motivating role of each factor is different, historical and
class. The subjects and organizations in society that play a role in
promoting social development are diverse and plentiful, such as

people, people, outstanding individuals, leaders, organizations,
economic sectors, culture, politics and society.
Level three: Access to motivation at a specific level - human
motivation, associated with needs and interests. Motivation is the
factors created by satisfying the objective needs with close interests,
playing a role in promoting social activeness, promoting the
activeness of people and each specific organization. Accordingly,
personality factors motivate people to be positive, self-conscious,
enthusiastic, hard-working, enthusiastic in work, factors that unite
them to each other, to the organizations for which they are a member,
such as the need for economic benefits, material benefits; political
interests, spiritual benefits; conditions of material facilities, cultural
environment, fairness, democracy, beliefs, traditions, and intellect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that: Motivation is the factors created
by satisfaction objective requirements with legitimate and close
interests, motivating active, self-conscious and creative actors,
thereby fulfilling operational objectives under a certain condition.
2.1.2. The conception of the motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools
In the PhD student’s opinion: Lecturers of political theory at
military schools are a part of Party cadres who have served in the
military for a long time, having special functions: propaganda,
teaching, research, protection, developing the Party's ideological
foundation for learners at different historical periods. Lecturers of
political theory at military schools have some basic characteristics
as follow: (1) they are those with special social position and


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functions, wishing to be honoured and treated with benefits.

plausible, close; (2) They are of various structure and age, with
different needs, interests and methods of satisfaction; (3) They are
passionate in perfecting their personality and asserting
themselves; (4) They possess freedom of thought and a desire for
pedagogical working in a democratic environment.
The role of lecturers of political theory at military schools is
enormous:
Firstly, lecturers of political theory contribute to the formation,
consolidation and development of the worldview, scientific
methodology for students working in the military field.
Secondly, lecturers of political theory at military schools
directly build and perfect the qualities, personalities and morals of
the revolutionary soldiers, cultivate and develop in students the good
qualities of "Uncle Ho's soldiers";
Thirdly, lecturers of political theory in military schools are
directly fighting on the political front, ideology, culture, morality,
protecting and developing the Party's ideological foundation.
From the conception of human motivation in general,
considering the dynamics in relation to the professional
characteristics of lecturers of political theory at military schools,
graduate students concept: Motivation of the lecturers of political
theory at military schools is the factor created by satisfying objective
needs with legitimate and close interests, thus also the factors that
stimulate and motivate them positively, self-discipline and creativity
in performing the tasks of teaching, scientific research and unit
building in different historical phases.
The conception of motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools is understood in the following aspects.
Firstly, the motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools is to satisfy legitimate needs and interests. Due to the

diversity and abundance of each subject, the needs and benefits of
each lecturer of political theory at military schools are also very
diverse and plentiful. The method of satisfying the needs and
interests of lecturers of political theory at military schools varies
widely, possibly by economic - material, political - spiritual benefits


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and the harmonization of needs, benefits, between common interests
- private interests, immediate and long-term interests for lecturers of
political theory at military schools.
Second, motivation for lecturers of political theory at
military schools is the promotion of subjectivity, self-discipline,
dynamism, creativity and subjective efforts. Thereby, improving
the capacity, professional qualifications, scientific knowledge,
skills training, pedagogical methods, which motivates lecturers of
political theory at military schools so as to better meet the
increasingly demands of the work.
Thirdly, motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools is manifested through their perceptions, attitudes, behaviours
and quality and efficiency of work. In awareness: always actively
aware of the goals, requirements and tasks to be directed; consciously
reaching work goals; always aware of the need to find and make
good use of the conditions and facilities available, find ways and
methods to achieve the purpose of the job. In attitude: positive and
interested in teaching. In behaviour: teaching right, teaching enough
and exceeding the prescribed time, doing scientific research,
exceeding assigned targets; always hard to research, collect and
collect documents to serve the task; positive, enthusiastic, passionate
about teaching students in class, actively learning and exchanging

experiences. Motivation is also manifested by lecturers of political
theory’s quality and performance.
2.1.3. The characteristics of motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools
First, motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
is to satisfy the objective needs of their social position with legitimate
interests, economic-material, and political-spiritual harmony.
Second, motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools is to satisfy the objective needs of freedom of thought with the
legitimate and close benefits of democracy in teaching and researching.
Thirdly, motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools is to satisfy the objective needs of intellectual development
and specialized talents with legitimate and close interests in training
investment, fostering, layout and usage.


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At different times, different contexts, different schools
manifest themselves and the degree of superiority to identify the
motivational characteristics of lecturers of political theory is not
the same, historical - social and individuality. However, the
satisfaction of the need for social status with legitimate and close
benefits such as economic - material, political - spiritual
benefits, through the regime of wages, promotions, promotions,
or housing is a cross-cutting, easily identifiable feature of
motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools.
2.2. The basic factors determine motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools
Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools is governed by many factors. The thesis has generalized

into three basic factors.
2.2.1. The system of honouring and treating policy; training,
fostering, arranging and using lecturers of political theory at
military schools
The policy on honouring and remuneration; training,
fostering, arranging and using lecturers of political theory at
military schools are important factors, which are seen as
"leverage". These policies are cared for, completed, and followed
closely and timely to meet the needs and benefits to what extent
will regulate the promotion or inhibit their activeness, selfawareness and creativity in fulfilling their tasks.
2.2.2. The democratic environment at military schools
At what level of development does the democratic
environment in the military schools reach, the quality of goodness or
limitation, satisfying the need for freedom, and how ideology will
directly regulate the impulse or inhibition their positive, selfconscious, creative in performing tasks.
2.2.3. The subjective factors of lecturers of political theory at
military schools
The subjective factors of lecturers of political theory at military
schools include: awareness, interest, level of intelligence, sense of
responsibility and career sentiment. These factors will regulate the


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promotion or inhibition of their activeness, self-awareness and
creativity in performing the task.
Conclusion of chapter 2
Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools is
the factors created by satisfying objective needs with legitimate and
personal benefits, so they are also a stimulus to make lecturers of
political theory become more positive, self-motivated and creative to

perform the tasks of teaching, scientific researching and building the
unit in each certain phase.
Motivation of lecturers of political theory is regulated by
a number of factors. The roles of each factor are not equal, yet
they all determine motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools.


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Chapter 3
MOTIVATION OF LECTURERS OF POLITICAL THEORY AT
MILITARY SCHOOLS - THE CURRENT
SITUATION AND THE RISEN ISSUES
3.1. The current situation of motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools
3.1.1. The advantages of motivation of lecturers of political
theory at military schools today
Basically, the positive, proactive, creative, ideological and
political consistency in carrying out the task of the majority of
lecturers of political theory at military schools is guaranteed,
maintained and sustainably promoted.
The vast majority of lecturers of political theory at military
schools are always active, self-conscious in the awareness of the need
to meet the requirements of the tasks of education - training,
scientific research, and building the units into the formal, advanced,
exemplary ones. It enables to transform that requirement into
personal needs and goals, which help to stimulate the constant efforts
in learning, training and researching.
Most of lecturers of political theory at military schools are
active, self-conscious in performing tasks, and have a positive

working spirit and self-awareness, resulting in effective task
performance.
Lecturers of political theory always maintain good interest
in teaching; they really have a love of the profession, long-term
aspirations to the profession, and the task of teaching and
scientific research.
In the context of complex ideological and ideological
struggles, many difficulties, high requirements, negative impacts
from the market economy's negative side and the integration
process, lecturers of political theory are always consistent in
ideological and political style, being positive, self-conscious in
performing every task assigned.
The spirit of commitment, dare to think and dare to take
responsibility for research and teaching of lecturers of political
theory is aroused and spread.


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Lecturers of political theory in military schools are always
active, self-conscious, confident, boldly exchanging, expressing their
views and opinions, actively participating in common activities
relating to teaching and researching, in order to effectively
implement the fundamental and comprehensive renovation of
education and training at military schools.
Lecturers of political theory actively exchange and discuss
democracy on everything, positively and voluntarily promote
strengths and strengths of individuals, dare to think, dare to do, are
willing to listen and overcome problems, shortcomings, perfecting
their capacity so as to meet the requirements of their assigned tasks.
Lecturers of political theory at military schools are always

brave in the struggle to protect freedom and democracy, fighting
against opinions, reactionary ideas, and wrong views and distorting
the State’s freedom of thought and democracy.
Lecturers of political theory in military schools now have
many ways to satisfy their needs.
The vast majority of lecturers of political theory at military
schools now tend to pursue the goal of developing capacity,
professional qualification, always active, self-conscious in their
work, actively accumulated, perfecting the criteria for long-term
service in the school, always wanting to attend training and retraining
courses, thereby developing intelligence to fulfil their tasks.
In addition to the organization's assignment and assignment,
many lecturers of political theory now have their own intellectual
development needs in their own ways, such as "self", self - study,
self-training, self-study, self-selection of content, self-seeking
training institutions, self-funding for learning to improve professional
knowledge.
3.1.2. The limitations on the motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools today
Some lecturers of political theory are not active and self-aware
in the awareness of the mission as well as the need to meet the
requirements of the tasks of education - training, scientific research
in military schools. team; great inertia, contentment stops; afraid to
study, to forge, to study, to class, often with expression of coping,
perfunctory, "crop" in performing their tasks.


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A number of lecturers in political theory’s motivation in
performing their tasks is not high, often have an attitude of anxiety,

anxiety, even expressing boredom, indifference to work, and the
thought of "being safe usually", with the thought that "the grass is
always greener in the other side of the hill", with the thought of not
working wholeheartedly in one place, calculating and looking for a
higher income or not really urgent, close needs.
A part of lecturers of political theory at military schools now
appears to be moderately thinking, teaching, researching lack of
creativity, apathy, overtaking, roughly finished, not interested in the
work’s quality and efficiency. In meetings, they are not positive in
learning, their speeches are not constructive, particularly, there are
lecturers of political theory who express their lack of knowledge
about and political theory; some lecturers of political theory express
lack of faith in the success of the revolution, and the renovation cause
initiated and led by our Party.
The decreased interest in careers, self-orientation of needs,
career values, and benefits of a part of lecturers of political theory in
military schools have been limited, and there have been many
manifestations of ideology and behaviour in pursuit of needs,
personal interests, attaching importance to purely needs, economic
and material benefits, indifferent life, only demanding, enjoying, lack
of gratitude and political - spiritual needs.
3.1.3. The causes of the advantages and limitations of
motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools today
The causes of the advantages of the motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools today.
Firstly, the Party, the State, the army and the military schools
have had policies of honouring and treating well, corresponding to the
social position of lecturers of political theory at military schools today.
Secondly, the training, fostering and use of lecturers of political theory
in military schools are often paid attention to, renewed and perfected.

Thirdly, the democracy of lecturers of political theory in military
schools is now well recognized, highly appreciated and promoted.


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Fourthly, each lecturer of political theory in military schools
has been promoting good quality, capacity and intellectual level to
perform the tasks of teaching and researching.
The causes of the limitations of motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools today.
Firstly, the policy of honouring and treating lecturers of political
theory at military schools remain slow in renovation and insufficient.
Secondly, the current policy of training, fostering, arranging
and using lecturers of political theory at military schools is still
limited, unconnected and inconsistent.
Thirdly, the democratic environment in military schools
currently at some points has not been well promoted.
Fourthly, the subjective factor of the political theory lecturer in
military schools has not been stirred up appropriately.
3.2. The issues rise from the current situation of motivation
of lecturers of political theory at military schools
From the current situation of the motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools over the past time, the thesis
draws some contradictory issues, requiring leadership, management
at all levels and lecturers to raise awareness with an aim to promote
the activeness and self-awareness of lecturers of political theory at
military schools in the time to come.
3.2.1. The economic - material, political - spiritual needs and
interests of lecturers of political theory at military schools today are
of great urgency, the ways of satisfaction often change, but the

policy of honouring and treatment are not relevant
The socio-economic development of the country as a demand,
the benefit of lecturers of political theory at military schools now
increases in all aspects. However, the benefits through mechanisms
and policies of the Party, the State, the Army and military schools
with lecturers of political theory are not relevant and lack of focus.
Thus, it is necessary to find basic, synchronous and feasible solutions
to overcome this issue.
3.2.2. The needs and benefits of freedom of thought and
democracy are complicated, approached by the subjective lens of


19
lecturers of political theory, yet the method of satisfaction complies
with the objective principle of the collective
Lecturers of political theory are those who carry out a specific
task, the task itself requires a high demand for freedom of thought
and is mainly approached under the subjective lens. Meanwhile, the
way to satisfy and satisfy that need follows the objective, normative
principle, depending on the collective awareness, consciousness and
decision. Hence, it is necessary to have specific solutions to build a
truly democratic environment with freedom of thought, which enable
lecturers of political theory to fulfil their tasks.
3.2.3 The needs and benefits of intellectual development are
universal, but the conditions of self-satisfaction of lecturers of
political theory at military schools are of unique features
The development of revolutionary missions and the
educational and training missions in military schools place high
demands on lecturers of political theory, making their intellectual
development objective and universal. But this universality does not

agree with the ability of each lecturer to be self-satisfied, which is
very diverse, rich and complex. This issue poses the necessity to
develop intellect for lecturers of political theory. Accordingly, when
promoting their motivation, it is vital to take the characteristics of
each individual person into consideration.
Conclusion of chapter 3
Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
has many advantages, yet there exist some certain limitations and
shortcomings. The current situation of motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools poses a number of issues as
follow: (1) The needs and economic - material, political-spiritual
benefits of lecturers of political theory at military schools are urgent,
the mode of satisfaction is often changing, but the system of honour
and treatment is not relevant; (2) The demands and benefits of
freedom and democracy are relatively complicated, firstly
approached by the subjective lens of lecturers of political theory, but
the method of satisfaction always complies with the principle of the


20
collectives; (3) The needs and benefits of intellectual development
are universal, but the conditions of self-satisfaction of lecturers of
political theory at military schools are of unique features.


21
Chapter 4
BASIC SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTING MOTIVATION OF
LECTURERS OF POLITICAL THEORY
AT MILITARY SCHOOLS TODAY

4.1. Raising awareness and responsibility of leaders and
managers on promoting motivation of lecturers of political theory
at military schools today
This solution is considered as vital in order to promote
motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools today.
For superior subjects of military schools: Constantly raising
awareness of the strategic position of human issues and human
factors, the position and role of lecturers, the government, the role of
promoting their motivation in improving the quality of education training, scientific research at military schools today.
There is a need to raise awareness and take responsibility for
the role of benefit-value orientation; have a view of leading, directing
and supervising military schools in implementing policies of training,
fostering, arranging and using lecturers of political theory; continue
to have policies and measures to propagate deeply and broadly so that
officials and lecturers of political theory at military schools can see
the rights and obligations towards the implementation of democracy
and intellectual development.
For the subject of the Board of Directors of military schools:
Continuing to take measures to raise the awareness and responsibility
of the leaders and educational managers of subordinates in military
schools; direct closely, ensure the priority of attention and harmonize
the settlement of legitimate and necessary needs and interests,
suitable to the professional characteristics and specific
characteristics; make all military leaders and managers in military
schools aware of the need to promote that role through proactive,
self-conscious impacts, using factors stimulate, attract and motivate
lecturers of political theory in performing their duties.
For the leaders, educational managers at the department level,
lecturers of political theory at military schools: Enhancing the
understanding of the role of political theory lecturers, about the

driving forces push and ways to actively promote pedagogical labour
and job creation; proactively planning and implementing effectively


22
relevant documents and directives, especially the content of
grassroots democracy; building a democratic and open atmosphere
for each faculty member to promote intelligence in building the
faculty; improve the quality of teaching and scientific research; be
aware of and well implement the spirit of superiors on building and
developing human resources, especially resources of intellect.
4.2. Completing the policy of honouring and treatment;
training, fostering, arranging and using lecturers of political
theory at military schools today
This is a basic solution, seen as "leverage", which is of great
significance and importance, and thereby directly promoting the
motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools today.
In terms of honouring and treatment policies: Complete
policies in the direction of meeting legitimate and friendly needs and
interests, suitable to the social status and socio-economic
development of the country; supplement and perfect the policy of
honouring and treating lecturers of political theory at military schools
with great achievements and devoted in teaching, researching,
building and developing schools and the army; renovating the policy
of teachers in the army and the policy for those in the rear.
In terms of the policy of training, fostering, arranging and
using lecturers of political theory at military schools, it is
necessary to identify: Training and fostering of lecturers of
political theory must aim to prepare special human resources for
education and training in military schools, creating a factor to

ensure lecturers of political theory are eligible for awareness and
good performance of their duties and responsibilities. Diverse
forms of training and retraining; there is a classification of
qualifications and capacity for training, fostering and developing
the intellect of lecturers of political theory at military schools
today.
The arrangement and use of lecturers of political theory must
be based on the requirements of the current position and create a
premise for future development, not allowing personal feelings to
dominate the process of arrangement and utilization of lecturers of
political theory at military schools. The arrangement and use must
conform to the training disciplines of lecturers of political theory


23
need to grasp the quality, capacity and knowledge of lecturers of
political theory, and at the same time anticipate the development
stages of faculties and disciplines of lecturers of political theory to
arrange and use them appropriately.
4.3. Building a democratic culture at military schools today
This solution is vital to create a truly favourable working
environment, which promotes lecturers of political theory at military
schools to be active, self-conscious, creative, bringing quality and
efficiency in perform every task assigned.
Democracy must become a culture in military schools. It is
necessary to make all lecturers of political theory at military schools
knowledgeable, confident, emotional and responsible in
implementing the contents of democratic regulations; building and
operating synchronously the mechanism of promoting democracy in
all activities, of Party organizations, authorities and mass

organizations, in order to promote the democratic level of lecturers of
political theory in teaching and researching, ideological and
theoretical struggles; supplement and perfect the mechanism of social
supervision and criticism through various forms, either direct
democracy, or indirect democracy. At the same time, it is necessary to
foster and develop the knowledge of democracy, train the democratic
working style for lecturers of political theory at military schools;
ensure adequate information for lecturers of political theory at
military schools.
4.4. Activating the subjective factor of lecturers of political
theory at military schools today
This is a particularly important solution that determines the
process of promoting the motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools today.
Lecturers of political theory at military schools must be selfabsorbed and self-aware of the tasks of education - training, scientific
research and the need to meet these requirements today; must see this
is the needs of themselves, is the objective requirements for military
school today.
Lecturers of political theory at military schools should
combine well with training, fostering and self-training and selftraining; incessantly raising their awareness and responsibility in selfcultivation, self-improvement of moral character and morality; self-


24
created, maintained interest in the profession, constantly fostering
love and passion for the job.
The subjects of leadership and educational management need
to have contents, methods of education, propaganda, ideological and
political orientation; constantly improving awareness, awareness and
responsibility of lecturers on the tasks of education - training,
scientific research; flexible management and evaluation methods,

making them active, voluntarily carrying out tasks with a sense of
autonomy and willingness.
Orientate needs, interests, career values, fostering career love,
making lecturers of political theory at military schools interested in
the profession, the branch and the army; create trust, peace of mind
about ideas, motivate them to actively accumulate knowledge, train
their qualities, personalities and morality.
Conclusion of chapter 4
It is crucial to apply synchronously the system of basic
solutions so as to promote motivation of lecturers of political theory
at military schools today. Based on the theory and the current
situation of the motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools, the thesis proposes four basic solutions to promote their
motivation, including: (1) Raising awareness and responsibilities of
leaders and managers on promoting the motivation of lecturers of
political theory at military schools today; (2) completing the policies
of honour and treatment; training, fostering, arranging and using
lecturers of political theory at military schools today; (3) building a
democratic culture at military schools; (4) activating the subjective
factors of lecturers of political theory at military schools.
The above-mentioned solutions are in dialectical relationship,
forming a unified body, which all aim at satisfying the objective
needs with legitimate and close interests, enhancing motivation of
lecturers of political theory. On that basis, the values of education are
promoted, thereby improving the quality of education - training,
scientific research of each lecturer at military school, meeting the


25
requirements of building military schools to become regular,

advanced and exemplary.
CONCLUSION
1. The overview of the thesis-related research situation shows
that so far, there have been a variety of studies on motivation in
the country and the world. The basic research directions include:
the basis for motivation formation; the factors affecting
motivation; impact of motivation on work efficiency; the role and
the method to create motivation. These studies have made certain
contributions. From the overview, the thesis identifies a number of
issues need addressing such as: building the conception, clarifying
the basic factors regulating motivation of lecturers of political
theory at military schools; studying the current situation of
motivation of lecturers of political theory. Simultaneously, the
thesis proposes some basic solutions to enhancing motivation of
lecturers of political theory at military schools today.
2. Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
are the factors created by satisfying objective needs with legitimate
and close interests, so they are also factors that stimulate and
motivate them to be active, self-conscious, and creative in teaching,
researching and building the unit in different historical phases.
Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
consists of a diverse and abundant system of factors with specific
characteristics directly related to the satisfaction of the needs and
benefits from social status, freedom of thought and intellectual
development.
Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
is regulated by many factors, such as: mechanisms and policies of
honour and treatment; training, fostering, arranging and using
lecturers of political theory; democratic working environment at
military schools; the subjective factor of lecturers of political

theory at military schools.