Vai trò của đoàn kinh tế quốc phòng trong phát triển kinh tế xã hội tt tiếng anh

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INTRODUCTION
1. Reasons for the study
The SE development in the mountainous areas and of ethnic
minorities is our Party and State’s thorough, consistent view and
main policy in the process of socialism construction. In recent years,
several guidelines and policies have been implemented, which can
promote positive SE efficiency in remote and isolated localities,
especially the policy of building and developing the economicdefence zones. The economic-defence zone is an area with a defined
boundary, comprising a number of communes of one or more
districts, belonging to one or several provinces, extremely difficult
communes, remote areas, border areas and strategic areas of defines,
security, territorial waters, islands, exclusive economic zone and
continental shelf of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, in line with
the national planning system. In that area, the Ministry of National
Defence shall assume the prime responsibility and coordinate with
different related ministries, branches and localities in realizing the SE
development objectives associated with the consolidation of securitydefence (SD).
The economic-defence delegation (EDD) is a military unit
established by the Ministry of Defence as a representative of the
Army directly carrying out the task of building the economic zone
(EZ), so the EDD has a very important role in the SE development
and national defines consolidation where units stand. The reality of
building and developing the EZ in recent years shows that in general,
the national economic union has promoted its role in SE development
in strategic border areas. The contributions of the EDD staff in the
field of SE are very large and undeniable, the EDD have actually
become bright spots on economy, culture, society, and population,
making an important contribution to successfully implementing the
Party's policy on combining SE development with strengthening SD
in strategic areas, highly appreciated by the Party, State and People.

Thanks to the implementation of SE development projects of the
national defines delegation, the material and spiritual life of ethnic
minorities has been constantly improved and improved, its potential
and strength, the SD posture has been increasingly strengthened and
strengthened steady. However, besides the achieved results, the role


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of the national defines delegation in the process of implementing the
SE development tasks has sometimes, in some places, not been
properly promoted and has not fully met the requirements and goals
in the construction and development of the EDD in general, the SE
development in particular. These limitations have greatly affected the
goal of building EZ, directly affecting the ethnic minorities’ ideology
and beliefs in the Party and the State’s guidelines and policies.
In the coming years, the situation of the world and the region will
still have many very complicated happenings that directly affect our
country. At home, our Party, State continues to promote the cause of
innovation; the task of protecting the Fatherland, the task of production,
building the economy in combination with the defence of the Army has
made new developments. The area of the EDD is still a difficult region in
economic, cultural and social development, consolidating national defines
and security and is one of the anti-sabotage points of the enemy forces.
The above practice has been setting new and higher requirements for the
EDD in fulfilling the task of the SE development.
Although there have been several research works on the
construction and development of the EDD and the EDD, but there
have not been any scientific researches in a complete and systematic
manner on the role of the EDD in performing the SE development
task. Therefore, the study on the role of the EDD in SE development

is a matter of theoretical and practical significance, which contributes
to improving the efficiency of the EDD construction and
development in the coming years. Simultaneously, the study on this
issue also contributes to the development of the theory on the role of
the Army in performing labour production tasks, building the
economy, as well as performing the functions of "the working and
production force” in the new situation.
From the above-mentioned reasons, the topic "The role of the
EDD in the SE development" is selected by the author as his doctoral
thesis of economics.
2. The purposes and tasks of the study
Purposes
The thesis seeks to clarify the theoretical and practical issues
about the role of the EDD in the SE development; on that basis, the


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thesis proposes views and solutions to promoting the role of the EDD
in the SE development in the coming time.
Tasks
Giving an overview of the thesis-related research situation
Clarifying the theoretical issues on the role of the EDD in the
SE development.
Analysing and assessing the current situation of the role of
the EDD in the SE development in the 2000 - 2019 periods.
Proposing views and solutions to promoting the role of the
EDD in the SE development in the coming time.
3. Object and scope of the study
Object: The role of the EDD
Scope

In terms of content: 1. The EDD is an important force in
building the essential SE infrastructure according to the planning of
the ED area; 2. The EDD is the force directly organizing, developing
production, helping people in hunger eradication and poverty
alleviation; 3. The EDD is a force engaged in cultural and social
development, with a focus on education and health care for people in
the ED area; 4. The EDD is a force in coordination with the Party
Committee, local authorities and military forces standing in the area
in arranging and rearranging the population according to the SE
development planning and long-term goals of SD; 5. The EDD is the
force involved in strengthening the political system at the grassroots.
In terms of space: the ED zones on the land border
In terms of time: examining the role of the EDD in the SE
development from 2000 to 2019.
4. Theoretical, practical basis and methodology
Theoretical basis
The thesis is conducted basing on the views of MarxismLeninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology, guidelines, guidelines and
policies of the Party and State on economic integration with
national defines, and functions and tasks of the Army; constructing
and developing the ED zones.
Practical basis
The thesis is based on the results of implementing the Army's
labour production tasks, economic construction, operational practices


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of the EDD, the construction and development of the ED zones and
some other thesis-related works.
Methodology
The thesis is carried out basing on the dialectical materialism

methodology of Marxism - Leninism, the thesis uses the following
methods: scientific abstraction; logical and historical combination;
analysis and synthesis; statistics, comparison; and experts’ consultancy.
5. New contributions of the study
Building the conception and the content of the role of the
EDD in the SE development.
Analysing the causes of achievements and shortcomings of
the role of the EDD in the SE development in the period of 2000 2019 and the issues need further addressing.
Proposing views and solutions to promoting the role of the
EDD in the SE development in the coming time.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the study
Theoretical significance
The thesis contributes to further clarifying the theory of the army
and the EDD to production labour tasks in general, the SE development in
strategic areas and borders in particular in the new situation.
Practical significance
The thesis can be used as a reference for scientific research,
teaching Marxist - Lenin political economy, Marxist - Lenin military
economics in military schools; The points of view and solutions proposed
by the thesis may suggest relevant agencies to propose appropriate
solutions to improve the SE efficiency of the ED zones at the present.
7. The structure of the study
The thesis includes: introduction, 4 chapters (8 periods),
conclusions, list of published scientific works related to the thesis
topic, list of references and appendices.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED
RESEARCH SITUATION
1.1. The works related to the thesis
1.1.1. The works related to socio-economic development in

border strategic areas and the economic-defence combination
Typically: "Combining economy with national defence in our
country today" by Tran Trung Tin; "The strategy of Hung rich


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people” by the State Council of China; "Difficulties in the
development of mountainous areas in Vietnam" by Neil Jamieson;
"The relationship between economy and defence during the
renovation period in Lao PDR" by Thoong Vet Phum Ma Vong;
"Socio-economic development in the Northern Mountains and its
Impact on Strengthening the Protection of Border sovereignty in this
Region" by Dinh Trong Ngoc; "Combining national defence and
security with economy in the process of industrialization and
modernization of the country" by Nguyen Van Rinh; "Combining
economy with defence with the economy to create logistical
potentials in the area of Military Region 3" by Pham Tien Luat; "The
Le dynasty set up a socio-economic development plantation in
association with the strengthening of the southern border region" by
Khuong Thanh; "Ensuring equality and strengthening cooperation
between ethnic groups in the current socio-economic development of
our country" by Hoang Chi Bao; "The Party's viewpoint on
combining socio-economic development with strengthening SD in
strategic areas" by Tran Thai Binh; "Combining socio-economic
development with strengthening national defence and security in the
Northwest region" by Phung Ngoc Son. The above studies have
analysed and clarified the problem of combining economic
development with national defence consolidation, the necessity of
socio-economic development in strategic areas, referring to
conception, content and method of combining socio-economic

development with defence consolidation in the strategic areas.
1.1.2. The works related to the role of the Army in
performing the task of socio-economic development
Here are some typical works: "Industrialization and
modernization in Vietnam and the role of the Army in the cause of
industrialization and modernization of the country" by Nguyen Minh
Khai; "The army participates in hunger elimination and poverty
reduction in Vietnam in the current period" by Nguyen Trong Xuan;
"The army participates in building the basic political system of ethnic
and religious areas in the Central Highlands region under new
conditions" by Nguyen Hong Phi; "The role of the Vietnam People's
Army in mobilizing religious people in the Central Highlands today" by
Nguyen Nhu Truc; "Border Guards are participating in the current socioeconomic development in the Northwest border region" by Tran Van


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Tich; "Activities involved in building strong local facilities of military
units in the Central Highlands in the current period" by Nguyen Tien
Dung; "The army boosted production to participate in socio-economic
development associated with strengthening defence potential" by Tran
Trung Tin; "The Border Guards are involved in building the current
socio-political base in the Northwest Vietnam border region" by Nguyen
Xuan Bach. The works have shown that the Army is involved in
production and economic construction as an effective solution, not only
creating material wealth for the society but also contributing to the
adjustment of the strategic national defence, strengthening the potential
and the SD posture in strategic border areas, deep-lying, remote areas
and on islands and exclusive economic zones of the country.
1.1.3. The works related to building the economic-defence
zones and the role of economic-defence delegations

Typically: "Effectiveness of the Army to take part in building
socio-political bases in economic-defence zones" by Military Institute
of Social Sciences and Humanities; "Combining socio-economic
development with strengthening national defence and security,
protecting national sovereignty" by Quoc Toan - Manh Dung; "The
16th Military Economic Zone combines economic development with
population redeployment, creating a posture of national defence in the
area" by Nguyen Doan Nao; "The army effectively implements the
project of replication of poverty reduction models in economic zones"
by Nguyen Huy Tien; "Building an economic-defence zone,
strengthening national defence-security to firmly protect the
sovereignty of borders, seas and islands of the country" by Nguyen
Huy Hieu; "Discussing some issues on improving the effectiveness of
socio-economic development in the economic zones" by Pham Van
Thuy; "Stepping up the construction and raising the operational
efficiency of economic-defence zones" by Vo Hong Thang; "The
effectiveness of economic and defence combined operations of the
15th Army in the Central Highlands strategic area" by Dang Anh
Dung; "The 15th Infantry Division actively restructured, improved
production and business efficiency" by Hoang Van Sy. The researches
have mentioned the role of the Self-help Union delegation in building
and developing the Self-help zone in each specific area compared to
the mandate of the Self-help delegation; unanimously assess the


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implementation of the socio-economic development task of the selfdefence team in accordance with the Party's policy on combining
socio-economic development with strengthening SD in the strategic
areas.
1.3. An overview of the main results of the relevant

published works and the issues need dealing with in the thesis
1.3.1. An overview of the main results of published works
related to the thesis
Firstly, the researchers have analysed and clarified the
problem of combining economic development with defence
consolidation, the necessity of socio-economic development in
strategic areas.
First, combining economy with national defence must be
suitable with the characteristics and conditions of each locality.
Accordingly, the combination in these areas should be based on SD
requirements to formulate appropriate socio-economic development
planning and development strategies to enhance SD but not neglect
socio-economic development.
Second, combining economy with national defence must
focus on specific and urgent objectives and overall objectives of
strategic, long-term basis of strategic areas.
Third, the combination must be placed under the leadership of the
Party and the State's administration, in which priority must be given and
appropriate policies appropriate to the specific characteristics of the strategic
area, even there must be recommended decisions on socio-economic
development and strengthening SD in these important areas.
Secondly, the research works have explained the theoretical
and practical basis of the role of the Army and the national defence
mission to the socio-economic development task.
The researches affirmed that the issue of the Army
participating in production and economic construction activities is the
function and task of the Army. The EDD is a military unit tasked with
building the EDD in extremely difficult areas: mountainous, remote and
isolated areas. The army in general and the EDD in particular in production
and economic construction have really become an internal force of the

country to solve difficult socio-economic issues, contributing to adjusting
the strategy of protecting the Fatherland, strengthening the potential and
SD's posture in strategic areas of borders, deep-lying and remote areas and
on islands and exclusive economic zones of the country.


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Thirdly, the researchers have analysed the situation of
military units, the national defence mission performing the socioeconomic development task.
The works have been in-depth analysis of the current situation of
military units, the national defence delegation performing the task of
socio-economic development and strengthening national defence in
strategic areas with the following main contents: hunger eradication,
poverty
reduction,
construction
constructing socio-economic
infrastructure; building socio-political bases and population stabilization.
In general, all works agreed to evaluate the implementation of
socio-economic development tasks in accordance with the Party's policy
on combining socio-economic development with strengthening SD. In
each specific field, the works have analysed the shortcomings, pointed out
the basic causes of the achievements and limitations such as: mechanism
and policy issues; lack of synchronous planning, plans and strategies; on
the organization of payrolls of self-defence teams as well as the work of
developing local human resources. However, this is only an assessment on
each specific field compared to the functions and duties of the national
defence delegation, which has not had merit whichever studies the overall
evaluation of the status of the role of the national economic mission in
socio-economic development.

Fourthly, the researchers have analysed the solutions to
promote the role of military units and the national defence delegation
in the socio-economic development.
In different approaches, subjects, and scope of the research,
the researches mentioned basic solutions to promote the role of the
Army and the national defence mission in specific areas, especially in
the construction and development of the national economic zone. The
solutions usually focus on the following issues: awareness raising;
elaborate planning and plans on development of non-economic
zones; the training of human resources on the role of the Army, the
EDD in the construction and development of the ED zones will be
inherited in the thesis in defining the views and proposing solutions
to promoting the role of the EDD in socio-economic development in
strategic areas in our country at the present.
1.3.2. The issues need dealing with in the thesis
From the main results of the published works related to the
dissertation topic, there are three issues that need solving.


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Firstly, continue researching and clarifying theoretical issues
related to the role of the national economic union delegation in socioeconomic development that other projects have not yet solved.
Secondly, to survey and evaluate the current situation of the
role of the EDD in SE development from 2000 to 2019.
Thirdly, propose a system of viewpoints and solutions to
promoting the role of the EDD in the coming time.
Conclusion of chapter 1
In chapter 1, the thesis’s author has reviewed 28 domestic
and foreign scientific works, including are monographs, doctoral
theses, summary reports, yearbooks and scientific articles related to

the thesis. The summaries of the main results of the works are
generalized, accordingly the issues need dealing with are drawn out.
Chapter 2
THE THEORETICAL ISSUES ON THE ROLE
OF THE ECONOMIC-DEFENSE DELEGATION IN THE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
2.1. The general issues on the economic-defence zones, the
economic-defence
delegations, and the
socio-economic
development in economic-defence zones
2.1.1. The economic-defence zone
* The conception of the economic-defence zone
The EDD is an area formed on the basis of implementing the
overall project of the Army involved in the construction and socioeconomic development of extremely difficult communes of the
Government, assigned to the EDD as a core force to construct in difficult
areas with strategic locations in the border areas and islands; in order to
accomplish the objectives of linking socio-economic development with
strengthening of SD, taking socio-economic development to play a
decisive role, creating material and spiritual foundations to build forces,
the SD battle, and building a border corridor firmly in the period of
stepping up industrialization and modernization of the country.
* The characteristics of the ED zones
The economic zone is built on strategic areas, in extremely
difficult communes, remote, border and coastal areas.
The EDD is not an administrative unit, but a territory and a
population planned to accomplish the goal of combining defence with
socio-economic development in the strategic area.
The ED zone is the area where the EDD stands in the footsteps.
2.1.2. The economic-defence delegation

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2.1.2.1. The conception and characteristics of economic defence delegations
* The conception of the economic - defence delegation
The EDD is a military unit established by the Ministry of
Defence to carry out a project to build the EDD, in order to
accomplish the goal of combining defence with socio-economy in
border strategic areas, for a definite period of time.
* The characteristics of the economic- defence delegations
In terms of human resources, in order to successfully
implement the project of the EDD, the Army has organized many
teams of self-defence teams with different sizes, equivalent to
division level to regiment, even army level (such as Army Corps).
This division was mobilized from units in the whole army, having all
kinds of officers: military, political, professional, technical, military
personnel. In general, this is a young and strong force, with good
educational and professional qualifications. Many officials and
soldiers in the EDD have a deep understanding of the socio-economic
fields so they can participate in the SE development effectively.
In terms of means, industries, the EDD was given material
and technical facilities of high dual use, both for combat and for
economic development of the people.
In terms of area, the EDD is located in strategic areas,
mountainous, deep-lying and remote areas.
2.1.2.2. The functions, tasks, staffing, mechanisms and
operation forms of the economic-defence delegations
* The functions and tasks
As a military unit, the EDD also has all the functions of the
Army: combat army, working army and production labour army. The

three functions above are the basic and important functions for the
EDD, which cannot be overlooked, always blending and supporting
each other to achieve economic and defence goals. However,
depending on the specific situation, specific time and characteristics,
nature of the geographical area of operation, the implementation of
each function of the EDD is shown to a different extent, but in the
general scope, the function working skills and productive labour are
emerging regularly and popularly.
The operational regulations of the EDD have specific
provisions for the main tasks of the EDD in the present conditions:
readiness to fight; do the civil work; production, economic
construction.


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* Organization and staffing
The EDD is organized according to a 3-level or 2-level
model. The EDD organized in 3 levels: delegation; companies,
agriculture, forestry farms; production team, training unit, ready to
fight. The EDD is organized in 2 levels, including: production teams
and teams. The payroll of the EDD depends on specific conditions,
which may be equivalent to the battalion, regiment, brigade, division,
and army levels.
* The method of operation
Regarding the principle of operation
The EDD is a unit in the Army organization managed by the
Ministry of Defence, with its own military name. When dealing with
defence and military operations, the EDD used the name of the
military unit. When dealing with economic issues, the EDD has the
legal status and powers of a military enterprise to perform publicutility tasks according to the provisions of law.

Regarding the working relationship
Firstly, the relationship with the executive committee and the direct
superior is the obedience to leadership, command and direction.
Secondly, the relationship with the higher-level professional
agencies is the coordination of performance of tasks and the direction
of professional work.
Thirdly, relations with related units are coordinated and
synergistic relationships in the performance of tasks.
Fourthly, the relationship with agencies outside the Army is
the coordination and cooperation relations to perform the tasks
according to the assigned functions and tasks and is subject to
professional guidance according to the provisions of law.
* The operational way of economic - defence delegation
Firstly, sending teams and working teams to the grassroots level.
Secondly, combining the Party committees, local authorities
and other forces in the area.
Thirdly, through the activities of the production teams.
Fourthly, counsellor, coordinate with grassroots political
system and other forces in the area.
2.1.3. The socio-economic development in the economicdefence zone
2.1.3.1. The conception of the socio-economic development
The socio-economic development is the economic growth
associated with the improvement of economic structure and


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institutions along the direction of progress, rationality, improvement
of quality of life, assurance of progress and social justice. .
2.1.3.2 The conceptions and the contents of the socioeconomic development in the economic-defence zones
The SE development in the EDD is a process of economic

growth towards sustainability and implementation of social progress
and justice associated with ensuring national defence and security,
through the implementation of a project to build an ED zone.
The content of the SE development in the area of economic
zone includes: building of SE infrastructure; organizing production
development, hunger eradication and poverty reduction, initially
building elements for commodity economic development; cultural
and social development to improve the spiritual life of the people;
relocate the population according to production planning and SD
posture requirements, gradually form a system of villages and
communes along the borderline, contributing to maintaining
territorial sovereignty and national borders; building socio-political
base, with a focus on grassroots political system.
2.2. The conceptions, the contents and the factors
affecting the role of the economic - defence delegation in the
socio-economic development
2.2.1. The conception of the role of the economic - defence
delegation in the socio-economic development
* The conceptions
The role of the EDD in the SE development is the process of
demonstrating the functions and tasks of the EDD compared with
other subjects in the fields of socio-economic construction,
production, cultural development, population arrangement and
building the grassroots political system, in order to successfully
implement the socio-economic development goals associated with
strengthening SD in the ED zone in a specific time.
* The contents of the role of the EDD in the SE development
Firstly, the EDD is an important force, in building essential
socio-economic infrastructure, according to the planning of the
construction area of the ED zone.

Building essential SE infrastructure is a key task of the firsttime EDD of the project implementation, creating a foundation for
realizing the goals of the ED zone. In the first phase of implementing
the projects, the EDD is the leading force in coordination with


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localities and relevant departments to carry out the planning work of
project investment items including the structural system of SE
infrastructure according to production planning and SD requirements.
The stage of implementing the SE infrastructure project, the EDD
delegation as the project investor, implementing (directly or
indirectly), supervising and managing the project construction
process. At the end of the project, the EDD checked and assessed the
quality of the project, handed it over to the locality to manage and put
it into operation to serve the needs of SE development.
Secondly, the EDD is the force that directly organizes, develops
production, helps people in hunger elimination and poverty reduction.
Economic development, production organization, helping
people in hunger eradication and poverty reduction are regular central
tasks in the construction and development of ED zones, which are the
basis for determining the effective implementation of the mission of
the EDD. The role of directly organizing, developing production, and
helping people in hunger eradication and poverty reduction is shown
in some basic fields: directly exploiting the land potentials assigned
according to the planning. economic zone to organize and develop
production, serving both immediate and long-term objectives,
gradually shifting the mode of production from self-sufficient and
self-sufficient to commodity economy; directly build economic
models suitable to each locality to propagate, mobilize and transfer
techniques for people to implement; coordinating with localities to

open training courses on scientific and technical knowledge about
agriculture and forestry, supporting capital and technical transfer;
organize production - construction - service enterprises in the EDD;
actively participate in the implementation of national target
programs, SE development projects of the State and localities.
Thirdly, the EDD is the force involved in cultural and social
development, with a focus on education and health care for the
people in the ED zone.
In the cultural and social development of the SD zone, the
EDD is not the deciding force, but the participating force. The role of
participation is shown as the coordination with localities and other
forces to propagate and mobilize the people to well implement the
movement "All people unite to build a cultural life"; coordinate with
forces participating in elimination of illiteracy among ethnic
minorities, with a focus on mobilizing children to go to school;
perform preventive medicine and primary health care for ethnic


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minorities; coordinate with forces in surveying and investing in
building physical foundations and cultural institutions in the locality.
Fourthly, the EDD is the force to coordinate with the Party
committees, local authorities and military forces standing in the area
in arranging and rearranging the population according to the SE
development planning and long-term goals of SD.
The arrangement and stabilization of the population in
localities is under the deciding authority of the party committees and
local governments. However, due to the special-purpose the ED zone,
the arrangement and settlement of the population need the
participation of the EDD. The EDD coordinates, advises and helps

the local authorities in identifying and implementing population
arrangement and stabilization plans; coordinating in the construction
of essential SE infrastructures with organizations to arrange and
relocate population according to the determined plans; coordinate to
survey and arrange in order of priority those households in urgent
need of relocation, policy households and disadvantaged households
that need relocation; coordinate in resolving problems of legal
procedures in the old locality and the new place of residence.
Fifthly, the EDD is the force involved in strengthening the
grassroots political system
In strengthening the grassroots political system in the ED zone, the
EDD implemented as a participatory nature. The EDD only carries out the
contents with the scope and level of its functions, not "encroaching" on the
functions of other organizations, the party committees and the local
authorities. The content of the EDD's participation in strengthening the
grassroots political system is: coordinating with the Party committees,
authorities, local socio-political organizations or working groups to go to the
areas to advise and foster support, support and support the grassroots
political system; help to improve political and ideological awareness and
capacity for administration, management and direction; help fostering staff;
fostering movement capacity for grassroots cadres; advising the local Party
committees and authorities to consolidate local agencies, boards, and mass
organizations.
2.2.3. The factors affecting the role of the economicdefence delegation in the socio-economic development
2.2.3.1. The objective factors
Firstly, the geographical features, the current economic,
political and social situation in the economic-defence zones


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Secondly, the Party and State’s policy on the construction
and development of economic-defence zones
Thirdly, investment capital for construction and development
of economic-defence zones
2.2.3.1. The objective factors
Firstly, the mechanism of coordination between economic
and defence delegations with the Party committees, local authorities
and military units stands in the area of economic - defence zones.
Second, staffing, organization, technical equipment and
capacities of the economic-defence delegation
Conclusion of chapter 2
In chapter 2, the thesis’s author has introduced a theoretical
framework, clarified the concept and content of the role of the EDD
in the SE development and indicates five factors affecting the role of
the EDD in the SE development. This serve as the basis to conduct
surveys, to assess the current situation and to identify the views and
solutions to promoting the role of the EDD in the SE development of
the ED zone in the coming time.
Chapter 3
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE ROLE
OF THE ECONOMIC-DEFENSE DELEGATION
IN THE SOCIAL-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
3.1. The achievements and shortcomings of the role of
economic-defence delegation in the SE development
3.1.1. The achievements
3.1.1.1. The economic-defence delegation is an important force in
building the essential SE infrastructure system; creating fundamental
favourable conditions are for SE development in the locality
Previously, when no EZ was built-up, the quality of the SE
infrastructure system in localities in the area remained low, several areas did

not have schools, electricity, health centre, or clean water system. The
participation of the EDD (as the project owner), the force equipped with
basic knowledge, skills and essential assurance facilities has basically
overcome these limitations. The EDD has directly invested in constructing
essential infrastructure items such as electricity lines, schools, clinics,
cultural houses; repairing and rebuilding inter-commune, inter-village,
village and hamlet roads, building suspension bridges and reinforced
concrete bridges; planning, building trade centres (markets, towns) ... items
that many localities have not focused on implementing for many different
reasons. In the projects of the ED zone, people have access to electricity,


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clean water; directly participating in the SE development projects that the
EDD implemented.
3.1.1.2. The economic-defence delegation has directly organized the
development of production with many practical economic models, making
important contributions to hunger elimination and poverty reduction
Since the implementation of the policy to build the ED zone, in the
implementation of the task of SE development, no matter what the locality,
officers and soldiers of the national defence union have not been concerned
about difficulties, hardships, always clinging to people and villages
persistently "holding hands, just work", helping people develop production.
In the independent economic zones directly organized production
concentrated (15th Army, 16th Army, Coffee 15 Company), the EDD
proactively reclaimed, expanded production, attracted, created jobs for tens
of thousands of labour with high value industrial crops. The unions without
conditions for organizing centralized production have built many practical
economic models in communes, villages and hamlets so that people can see,
understand, believe and follow. Along with that, the EDD also wellorganized agricultural, forestry and fishery extension activities, gradually

shifting the structure of plants and animals, transforming the production
method from self-sufficient and self-sufficient to commodity production
with Some agricultural commodities have high commercial value. The
income of the people has been gradually improved, the material and
spiritual life has a new development, the hungry and poor households have
decreased every year.
3.1.1.3. The economic-defence delegation actively participates in the
development of culture and society in the area of economic-defence zone
In the cultural and social development activities, although not the
main and decisive force, the participation of the EDD brought positive
effects. The participation of the EDD in such fields as propagandizing and
mobilizing the people to abolish the customs; building and equipping
cultural institutions and institutions; in opening literacy classes and
mobilizing children to return to school and class; in military combined with
civilian activities is very prominent. These specific activities of the EDD in
the fields of culture, health and education have brought about important
results, transforming the swampy areas of "sacred forests and poisonous
water" into residential areas, economic and cultural highlights in the border,
highly appreciated by the Party, the State and the localities.
3.1.1.4. The economic-defence delegation has actively
cooperated with the forces in the layout, population stabilization and


17
economic geographical areas at the request of defence production
planning and long-term goals and on defence - security
The stabilization of the population in the border areas not
only creates favourable conditions for the ethnic minorities to develop
their economy, culture and society, but also helps to cover and increase the
area of few or white areas. The completion of the construction of

residential areas with more than 100 thousand households settling
sustainably on the current ED zone is a clear evidence for the unified
cooperation between the EDD and other forces in the area and relevant
agencies. The aforementioned results have changed the overall picture of
population arrangement and population structure, creating a solid popular
posture along the border, which most localities in the ED zone have
implemented in recent years without expected effectiveness.
3.1.1.5. The economic-defence delegations play an important role
in participating in building and strengthening the regular political system
With the participation of the EDD, the quality of operations of the
grassroots political system in the economic zone has made a drastic change.
The situation of "white area" of party members and party organizations has
been thoroughly overcome; the leadership, management and SE
management capacity, consolidation of national defence and security of
border management of cadres and party members of border communes and
villages have been raised one step; the operation quality of the Party
committees, local governments and socio-political organizations has made
positive changes; to thoroughly overcome the situation of 5 no (no
leadership resolutions; no work plans; no working regulations, programs; no
schedules; no regular activities) in the operation of the political system in
many localities.
3.1.2. The limitations
3.1.2.1. The economic-defence delegation is still passive and
has not really been able to engage with local functional agencies in
building SE infrastructure, especially in the planning and
implementation of the investment projects
It is an important force (some places is the main force) in building
essential SE infrastructure, but there is still a situation that the EDD trusts
and relies on the locality; lack of initiative and creativity in
implementation organization. The EDD as a project investor, but the level

of project management knowledge is limited, so in investment
management, especially the investment supervision has not been
implemented in a proper way leading to a number of items and works of
low quality, failing to promote the efficiency after being invested.


18
3.1.2.2. The economic-defence delegation confuses in the way to
help people develop production, eliminate hunger and reduce poverty and
does not create a dramatic change in the lives of the people, especially in
economic-defence zones without centralized production.
Although many practical economic models have been built,
they have not yet been truly transformed into such needs and
practical actions of the people in the field of production. Some SDDs
have a serious situation, mainly in the form of labour to help people,
not attaching importance to communication, education and
persuading people to follow suit; the replication of pilot production
models on hunger eradication and poverty reduction is not wide and
widespread. Particularly, a production team carrying out labour to help
people also have the expression of form, perfunctory or take the title "do
the work of mass mobilization, help people to eradicate hunger and reduce
poverty" to do business ... for so after the programs and projects ended, the
villages and hamlets returned to the old ways, the production activities
were still backward, slow to innovate, the people's life was still difficult,
the intellectuals and people’s life were slowly improved.
3.1.2.3. The role of socio-cultural development in the
economic-defence delegation in some areas has not been promoted
properly with the current capacity
In the activity of eliminating illiteracy among ethnic
minorities, the EDD participating team is still lack of initiative, has

not created sub-models, has not really done well in propaganda and
advocacy, so the number of people learning classes culture in the new
residential area organized by the delegation is small and infrequent,
leading to a high rate of illiteracy and re-illiteracy. The participation
in struggles with social practices and evils, and participation in
building spiritual life and healthy social relations of officers and
soldiers of the SDD in some ED zones remain low.
3.1.2.4. The coordination in the arrangement and stabilization of
the people is sometimes unsatisfactory and lacks holistic and sustainable
As a coordinating force in arranging and stabilizing the population
according to the production planning and SD requirements in the ED zone,
the role in implementing the coordination is not high. In the planning and
construction of residential areas in the ED zone, it is not basic and lacking in
general, especially the settlement program in adjacent communes, some
places are also subjective and formal, have not followed the requirements of
local SE tasks. Therefore, many places people still do not really trust and
voluntarily move to new lands, even those households have registered
bewilderment, ask to withdraw; on the other hand, there has been a situation


19
where people who migrated to new lands spend all their support capital in a
short time, unable to stabilize their lives, and want to return to their homeland.
3.1.2.5. There have been progresses in building and consolidating
the grassroots political system of the economic-defence delegation, yet some
places have not been really effective and shown signs of formality
It is still the situation that officials and soldiers of the EDD
have not really studied deeply, mastered the customs, customs and
religious beliefs of the people; use of local ethnic languages and
officials who are indigenous ethnic minorities have not been focused

on and have low efficiency. Some EDDs, although attaching
importance to and having fully signed the cooperation with local
departments, agencies and units standing in the region, the
effectiveness of the coordination is not high. The work of advising the
grassroots level committees and local governments and coordinating
with the forces, departments and functional agencies at times has not
been timely, inconsistent and unified in dealing with certain
complicated situations.
3.2. The causes of these achievements and limitations of
the role of the economic-defence delegation in socio-economic
development and the issues need addressing
3.2.1. The causes of the achievements
3.2.1.1. The objective causes
Firstly, thanks to the Party's proper guidelines and policies, the
reasonable and concerned investment of the State, the Ministry of Defence,
and relevant agencies regarding the construction and development of
economic zones. Secondly, the EDD delegation is interested in timely and
close leadership of military zones and legions. Thirdly, the EDD assisted by
the grassroots political system and the people in the area.
3.2.1.2. The subjective causes
Firstly, at the level of party committee and commanders of the
EDD have been proactive, positive and creative in leading and organizing
the implementation of the SE development. Secondly, officials and
soldiers of the EDD always uphold the sense of responsibility, overcoming
all difficulties and persistently fulfilling the assigned tasks.
3.2.2. The causes of the limitations
3.2.2.1. The subjective causes
Firstly, the role of the project investor of the EDD has not
been fully implemented in practice. Secondly, difficulties in
economy, culture, society, SD in the economic zones. Thirdly, the

investment capital for the construction of the ED zones and direct
support for households is too low compared to the actual needs.


20
3.2.2.2. The subjective causes
Firstly, the resistance of hostile forces. Secondly, the payroll,
organization and capacity of a number of cadres and soldiers in the
EDD were inadequate.
3.2.3. The issues need addressing to promote the role of the
economic-defence delegation in SE development
Firstly, the conflict between the high requirements of the SE
development task and the inadequate awareness in a division of officials and
soldiers of the EDD about the combination of national defence and SE
development in the implementation of the projects of the ED zones.
Secondly, the contradiction between the high uniformity in the
implementation organization and the coordination mechanism between the
EDD and the subjects in SE development remains limited.
Thirdly, the contradiction between high requirements on the role
of SE development and the limitations on the qualifications and
implementation capacity of a division of cadres and soldiers of the EDD.
Fourthly, the contradiction between the difficulty and
complexity of the SE development task and the remuneration policy
for officials and soldiers of the EDD is inefficient.
Conclusion of chapter 3
In chapter 3, the author analyses, assesses the achievements
and limitations and indicates the causes and the issues on the role of
the economic-defence delegation in the SE development in the recent
years. The results in this chapter serve as the basis for the author to
carry out the study in chapter 4.

Chapter 4
VIEWS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTING
THE ROLE OF THE ECONOMIC-DEFENSE
DELEGATION IN THE SOCIAL-ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN THE COMING TIME
4.1. Views to promote the role of economic-defence
delegation in the socio-economic development in the coming time
4.1.1. Combining closely the economic-defence delegation
with socio-economic development is a matter of principle in
fulfilling the role of the economic-defence delegation
To grasp this view, the following requirements should be implemented:
Firstly, continue thoroughly grasping the undertakings and
policies of the Party, the State, resolutions and directives of the
Central Military Commission and the Ministry of Defence on the
construction and development of economic-defence zones.


21
Secondly, the process of implementing the SE development
project of the EDD delegation must ensure the SE benefits and meet
the requirements of SD.
Thirdly, promote the role of the national economic development
delegation in the SE development must meet both the urgent and specific
objectives of the strategic, basic and long-term scope of the ED zones.
4.1.2. Promoting the role of economic-defence delegation
in socio-economic development must be based on the functions,
tasks of the unit and characteristics of the economic-defence zones
To grasp this view, the following requirements should be fulfilled:
Firstly, the EDD need to master the functions and tasks in the
process of participating in the ED development

Secondly, stick to local natural conditions, economic,
political and cultural characteristics to have appropriate SE
development.
Thirdly, stick to the identified programs and the State and
localities’ SE development goals.
4.1.3. Promoting the role of economic-defence delegation
in socio-economic development must be based on unified
awareness and responsibilities between the economic-defence
delegation and the party committee, the authorities and the people
in the area
To grasp this view, the following requirements should be fulfilled:
Firstly, unify the awareness of the subjects about the role and
position of the EDD in the implementation of the SE development task.
Secondly, promote the activeness and initiative of the EDD in
the implementation of the SE development task.
Thirdly, continue to consolidate and complete the coordination
mechanism between the EDD and the Party committees, authorities,
socio-political organizations and people in the economic-defence zone.
4.2. Solutions to promoting the role of economic-defence
delegation in socio-economic development in the coming time
4.2.1. Improving the efficiency of mobilizing and using
investment capital in socio-economic development projects invested
by the economic-defence delegation.


22
This is a solution that has a direct decisive effect on the
results of construction and development of the ED zone in general, as
well as the role of the EDD in the SE development.
Firstly, improve the efficiency of capital mobilization for the

implementation of projects.
Secondly, improve the efficiency of using capital invested in
projects.
4.2.2. Ensuring human resources, science - technology for
economic - national defence teams in performing socio-economic
development tasks
Firstly, ensure that the human resources of the economicdefence delegation meet the SE development requirements and tasks
in the new situation.
First, the work of creating sources.
Second, toward the use of human resources.
Secondly, promote the application of science and technology in
the implementation of projects of the economic-defence delegation.
First, in management, exploitation, use of facilities, technical
equipment and technical innovations and improvements.
Second, in the manual, transfer of science and technology
4.2.3. Further strengthening the organization, personnel and
complete the operation mechanism of the economic-defence delegation
4.2.3.1. Further strengthening the organization and staffing
In terms of quantity, it is necessary to ensure the requirement
of not increasing the number of personnel compared with the
prescribed payroll but still capable of fulfilling the assigned task.
In terms of quality, first of all, it is necessary to select cadres
and soldiers with strong political bravery, truly devoted, responsible,
capable of organizing and mobilizing people in the projects of SE
development.
4.2.3.2. Improving the operational mechanism of the
national defence delegation, in line with the new development
requirements
Firstly, perfect the operational mechanism for the EDD

23
Secondly, perfect the coordination mechanism between the
EDD and the Party committees, local authorities and military forces
standing in the area.
First, coordinate to well implement the arrangement of
residential land and production land
Second, coordinate to complete residential planning
Third, coordinate in using local human resources.
4.2.4. Completing policies and remuneration policies for
forces participating in socio-economic development in the
economic-defence zones
Firstly, the remuneration policy for officers and soldiers of the EDD.
Secondly, policies for ethnic minorities and labourers in the ED zone.
Thirdly, the policy of securing facilities and equipment for
the task of SE development.
4.2.5. Improving the organization and implementation of socioeconomic development tasks of the economic-defence delegation
Firstly, raise the awareness and responsibility of officials and
soldiers of the SDD in the process of implementing the SE development
task.
Secondly, foster communication and advocacy capacity for
economic-defence officials and soldiers.
Thirdly, foster the capacity to implement the programs of the
SE development.
Conclusion of chapter 4
Base on the theoretical basis and the current situation of the
role of the EDD in the SE development in the recent times, in chapter
4, the author has proposed three views and five solutions to
promoting the role of the EDD in the SE development in the coming
time.

CONCLUSION
1. Combining economy with national defence and security;
defence and security with economy are our Party’s consistent and
thorough guideline. To realize the above-mentioned guideline, the
Party and the State advocated the construction of the ED zones in
strategic areas of borders, sea and islands. The SE development is a


24
regular central task in the construction and development of the ED
zone, of which the EDD is the unit representing the military in the
implementation.
2. The EDD is a specialized military unit, established to
build the ED zones. The EDD implements the ED development as a
regular central task in the ED zones, in line with the functions,
duties, organization and staff of the EDD contributing to hunger
eradication, poverty alleviation, improvement and improvement of
life. living of the people, maintaining political stability, ensuring
social order and safety, strengthening the defence and security
posture in strategic and border areas; at the same time, promoting
the role of ethnic minorities in the cause of building and defending
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
3. In the past years, the EDD's role in the SE development
has basically been promoted at a fairly good level, making an
important contribution to the SE development of the locality,
gradually improving. The material and spiritual life of the ethnic
minorities and the national defence and security posture have been
strengthened day by day. However, besides the achieved results, the
role of the EDD in the SE development also revealed certain
limitations, with content that did not meet the goals and

requirements. These weaknesses are caused by both objective and
subjective factors, of which the main cause is that the capacity of the
EDD to perform of tasks fails to meet the requirements of the new
situation.
4. In order to promote the role of the EDD in the SE
development, ensure the fulfilment of the tasks of building the ED
zone assigned by the Party and the State, contributing to improving
the material and spiritual life of the people ethnic groups,
consolidating the solidarity relationship between people and the
army. The process of implementing the task of SE development of
the EDD must grasp the following views: closely combining defence
and economic development with SE development; promoting the role
of the EDD in SE development must be based on the functions and
tasks of the unit and characteristics of the economic-defence zone


25
area; promoting the role of economic-defence delegation in SE
development must be based on the unification of awareness and
responsibilities between the economic-defence delegation with the
party committee, authorities and people in the locality. In order to
promote the achievements, overcome limitations and solve problems
raised from the reality of the EDD performing the SE development
tasks on the basis of the identified viewpoints, it is necessary to carry
out the following solutions: improving the efficiency of mobilizing
and using investment capital in SE development in which the EDD is
the investor; ensuring human resources, science - technology for the
EDD in the performance of SE development tasks; strengthening the
organization, staffing; improving the operational mechanism of the
EDD; completing the policies and remuneration regimes for different

forces participating in the SE development in the ED zones; and
improving the capacity of implementing the SE development tasks of
the EDD.
5. The EDD performing the SE development task is a new
one and in the process of development. Simultaneously, it is also a
big, diverse, comprehensive, long-term and difficult issue. Therefore,
mistakes are unavoidable during the process of carrying out the
thesis. The thesis’s author hopes to receive comments and
contributions from scientists and those concerned so as to accomplish
the purposes of the thesis.