Nghiên cứu sự tham gia của người dân trong quản lý phát triển du lịch nông thôn vùng đông bắc việt nam tt tiếng anh

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INTRODUCTION
1. The necessity of the research
In recent years, people in rural areas in the Northeast have
gradually gained access to rural tourism - a type that is considered
quite new in Vietnam. Accordingly, each locality has a number of
potential tourism sites to develop this type of tourism and those
localities through the support from the government and international
donors have started to succeed in attracting domestic and foreign
tourists. Since then, the response of the local people in the activities
to serve tourists when in 2018, 1.290 households participated in
developing this type of tourism in the Northeast (accounting for
31,6% of total area households). Although this number is not large, it
proves the effect and potential of future rural tourism development in
the region.
However, besides the success in changing people's awareness,
the further development of this type of tourism also faces a number
of obstacles when people participate in rural tourism development.
are not yet equipped with the basic knowledge and skills of receiving,
managing and serving travelers. In addition, they have not been
instructed on how to clean from the family to the surrounding
landscape such as village roads, etc. In addition, the mechanism of
benefit sharing among stakeholders is not really clear. Therefore, the
participation of people in rural tourism development is currently only
symbolic, passive and the process of transition from passive to active
participation, from not participating to participating. needs to be
drastically directed by the Government and local authorities because
the concept of rural tourism development is not only about creating
economic benefits, but also about conservation. preserve and promote
cultural and historical values in rural areas and it is believed that
people's participation plays a key role in maintaining rural tourism

development.
Stemming from current theoretical and practical issues about
the need for the participation of people in rural tourism development,
the author decided to choose the topic “Studying people's
participation in rural tourism development management in
Northeastern VietNam” to clarify the content, extent and factors
affecting their participation in rural tourism development in
Northeast Vietnam in the coming years.


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2. Research objectives
2.1. General objectives
The dissertation studies the participation of people in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast of
Vietnam through the contents of rural tourism development planning;
Building rural tourism management structure; Organize the
implementation of rural tourism activities; Promotion and Control of
Rural Tourism; Assess the influence of the factors on people's
participation in the management of rural tourism development in
Northeast Vietnam. From there, propose some suitable solutions to
increase their participation in the management of rural tourism
development in the Northeast in the coming years.
2.2. Specific Objectives
- Complete theoretical and practical issues on rural tourism,
rural tourism development and citizen participation in rural tourism
development management.
- Assess the content and level of participation of people in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast.
- Analysis and evaluation of factors affecting people's

participation in rural tourism development management in the
Northeast of Vietnam.
- Proposing solutions to increase people's participation in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast.
3. Object and scope of the study
3.1. Object of the study
The object of the dissertation is the participation of people in the
management of rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam.
Research households involved and not yet involved in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast.
3.2. Scope of the study
- Scope of research content
The dissertation focuses on researching and analyzing the
following main contents:
Firstly, the content of people's participation in rural tourism
development management is based on the aspects of rural tourism
development planning; Building rural tourism management structure;
Organize the implementation of rural tourism activities; Promotion
and Control of Rural Tourism;


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Secondly, analyze and assess the level of citizen participation in
rural tourism development management
Thirdly, analyze and evaluate the impact of factors affecting the
participation of people in the Northeast of Vietnam through the
benefits gained; barriers, people's views and State policies.
Fourthly, propose solutions to enhance people's participation in
rural tourism development management.
- Scope of space

The dissertation conducts research in the Northeast region of
Vietnam. Including 7 provinces (Ha Giang, Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen,
Cao Bang, Lang Son, Bac Giang and Tuyen Quang). The sample of
people and managers was collected at rural tourism sites.
- Scope of study time
The dissertation uses secondary data sources in the period from
2016 to 2018. Solutions and recommendations of the thesis are
proposed to 2025, vision to 2030. Primary data is investigated in
2018.
4. New contributions of the dissertation
Firstly, The dissertation has completed a number of theoretical
and practical issues on rural tourism, people's participation in rural
tourism development management, analyzing the importance of
people's participation in activities of rural tourism development
management.
- Secondly, The dissertation contributes to the development of an
analytical framework for the participation of people in the
management of rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam.
- Thirdly, The dissertation analysis the current situation of
participation in rural tourism development management in Northeast
Vietnam; assess the impact of these factors on people's participation.
Through quantitative analysis by multivariate regression model, the
dissertation has demonstrated that the 4 factors included in the
analysis all affect the participation of people in the management of
rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam. From there,
showing the meaning and great contribution in recognizing the role
of the people, encouraging people to participate more actively, help
balance benefits and harmonize the relationships between
stakeholders.

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- Fourthly, Based on the views and objectives of the
Northeastern rural tourism development in the coming time,
combined with the remaining issues and results of the SWOT model
analysis on rural tourism, the thesis proposes 02 solution groups and
03 recommendations groups to enhance people's participation in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast to 2025,
with a vision to 2030.
5. Dissertation structure
Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the dissertation
consists of four chapters:
Chapter 1: Literature review
Chapter 2: Theoretical and practical basis for citizen
participation in rural tourism development management.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Chapter 4: Current situation of citizen participation in rural
tourism development management in Northeast Vietnam.
Chapter 5: The solution is to increase people's participation in
rural tourism development management in the Northeast of Vietnam.
Chapter 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1. Foreign research works on people's participation in rural
tourism development management
In the world, research works on rural tourism in general and the
participation of people in rural tourism development management in
particular have been analyzed by many authors. In those studies, the
theory of rural tourism as a concept, rural tourism development
trends is presented in detail. In addition, by using different research
methods, the works have demonstrated the influence of the factors on

people's participation in rural tourism development in each other
research space, such as: Cevat Tosun et al (1989); Pretty (1995);
Garrod (2003); Wen Jun Li (2005); Tosun (2000); Michael M.
(2009); Tulay Cengiz et al (2011); Latkova et al (2011); Sirivongs
and Tsuchiya (2012); Bengi Ertura et al (2012); Sook-Fun Fong et al
(2014); Mastura Jaafar et al (2005); Rasoolimanesh M. S (2017).
1.2. Domestic studies on people's participation in rural tourism
development management
In recent years, there have been a number of research works on
rural tourism in Vietnam and people's participation in rural tourism


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development management. Using a combination of qualitative and
quantitative analysis, studies have shown the role of rural tourism
and the analysis of specific factors that influence people's
participation in development. Rural tourism development in different
spaces as Nguyen Quoc Nghi et al (2012); Nguyen Viet Ha (2012);
Bui Thi Thu Van (2015); Nguyen Thi My Hanh (2017).
1.3. General assessment of overview
In the world and in Vietnam in recent years, a number of
research projects have been conducted on the participation of local
people and communities in the management of rural tourism and
community based tourism development. Because the study is
conducted in different time and space conditions, the factors in each
given model may or may not overlap and therefore, the results will
not be the same.
1.4. Knowledge gap
Chapter 2
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS FOR PEOPLE’S

PARTICIPATION IN RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
MANAGEMENT
2.1. Rationale for people's participation in rural tourism
development management
2.1.1. General overview of rural tourism
2.1.1.1. Concept of rural tourism
2.1.1.2. Characteristics of rural tourism
2.1.1.3. Types of rural tourism
2.1.1.4. Stakeholders involved in rural tourism
2.1.2. Rural Tourism Development Management
2.1.2.1. Concept of Rural Tourism Development Management
Rural tourism development is an increase in the size, number of
businesses, business establishments and households associated with
the shift in tourism structure, contributing to job creation and income
generation for people in the field of rural tourism.
Managing rural tourism development is a deliberate impact to
achieve high results and efficiency through the rural tourism
development planning process; Building rural tourism management
structure; Organize the implementation of rural tourism activities;
Promotion and Control of Rural Tourism
2.1.2.2. The role of Rural Tourism Development Management


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2.1.2.3. Principles for management of rural tourism development
2.1.3. Participation of people in rural tourism development
management
2.1.3.1. The concept of Participation of people
People's participation in rural tourism development management
is a process when people carry out one, several or steps in planning

content; building organizational structure; organize the
implementation of rural tourism activities; promote and control the
development of rural tourism with the aim of creating benefits for
themselves and the community.
2.1.3.2. The role of the people in the management of rural tourism
development
2.1.3.3. Content of people's participation in rural tourism
development management
a, Rural tourism development planning
b, Building tourism management structure
c, Organize the implementation of rural tourism activities
e, Promotion
f, Control
2.1.3.4. The level of citizen participation in rural tourism
development management
2.1.4. Factors affecting people's participation in rural tourism
development management
2.1.4.1. Rationale for selecting factors affecting people's
participation in rural tourism development management
2.1.4.2. Factors affecting people's participation in rural tourism
development management
a, Benefits of participating in rural tourism
b, Barriers encountered when participating in tourism
c, People's opinion about the decision to participate
d, Government support policies
2.2. Experience of enhancing people's participation in rural
tourism development management
2.2.1. Experience of enhancing people's participation in rural
tourism development management in the world
2.2.1.1. Rural tourism in Indonesia

2.2.1.2. Rural tourism in China
2.2.1.3. Rural tourism in Japan


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2.2.1.4. Rural tourism in Thailand
2.2.2. Experience of people's participation in rural tourism
development management in Vietnam
2.2.2.1. Duong Lam Village - Hanoi City
2.2.2.2. Bo Duong Village, Hong Phong Commune, Hai Duong
Province
2.2.2.3. Dong Hoa Hiep village, Tien Giang province
2.2.3. Lessons learned from the participation of people in the
management of ecotourism development from countries around the
world and Vietnam
Through research on the participation of people in the
management of rural tourism development in some countries in the
world and some localities in the country, it shows that whether for
developed or developing economies, the role of the people is of
utmost importance. Governments and local governments need to take
appropriate policies and steps to support the development of rural
tourism and enhance the participation of stakeholders in general and
the people in particular in developing the type. This travel picture.
Therefore, it is necessary to learn from previous experiences from
your country and provinces, then apply them in accordance with
specific conditions and specific characteristics of rural tourism in the
province. In which need special attention:
- Awareness of the role of people in the management of rural
tourism development. Besides, Incorporate rural tourism
development planning into the common tourism development policy:

- Focus on capacity building for rural tourism stakeholders.
- Building strategic partnerships with tourism companies to
develop rural tourism.
- Ensuring the fairness and transparency of the distribution of
profits among community members.
- Building and developing rural tourism products in the direction
of each specific product.
- Rural tourism development with conservation of sustainable
orientation values
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Approach method
3.1.1. Approach to inheritance


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3.1.2. Typical approach
3.1.3. Participatory approach
3.1.4. Individual approach
3.2. Analytical framework for the participation of people in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast
3.3. Research Methods
3.3.1. Method of collecting information
3.3.1.1. Method of collecting secondary information
3.3.1.2. Method of collecting primary information
3.3.2. Methods of aggregating and processing information
3.3.3. Information analysis method
3.3.3.1. SWOT analysis method
3.3.3.2. Comparative method
3.3.3.3. Descriptive statistics analysis

3.3.3.4. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
3.4. Results of group discussion on factors affecting people's
participation in the management of rural tourism development in
the Northeast
3.4.1. Benefit factor
3.4.2. Barriers
3.4.3. The point of view of the people
3.4.4. State policy factor
3.4.5. Factors intended to involve people
3.5. Research target system
3.5.1. Criteria for assessing rural tourism development
3.5.2. Criteria for assessing people's participation
Chapter 4
CURRENT SITUATION OF PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN
RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN
NORTHEAST VIETNAM
4.1. Overview of rural tourism development potential in
Northeast Vietnam
4.1.1. Natural condition
4.1.2. Socio-economic characteristics
4.1.3. Potential development of rural tourism in the Northeast
4.2. Current situation of rural tourism development in Northeast
Vietnam


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4.2.1. General information about the Northeastern tourism
destinations and products
4.2.2. Situation of policies to support the development of rural
tourism in the Northeast

4.2.3. Business establishments and households engaged in rural
tourism business
4.2.4. The number of tourists visiting the rural tourism
4.2.5. Number of employees working in rural tourism
4.2.6. Results of rural tourism business
4.2.7. Difficulties in rural development in the Northeast
4.3. Actual situation of people's participation in the management
of rural tourism development in the Northeast
4.3.1. General information about the study object
4.3.2. Content participating in the process of rural tourism
development management
4.3.2.1. Percentage of people participating in rural tourism
development management activities
4.3.2.2. Participation of people in the planning process
4.3.2.3. Participation of people in the process of building
organizational structure
4.3.2.4. Participation of people in the process of organizing rural
tourism implementation
4.3.2.5. Participation of people in the process of promoting tourism
4.3.2.6. Participation of people in tourism control process
4.3.3. The level of participation in rural tourism development
management process
4.3.4. Analysis of factors affecting the people's participation in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast
4.3.4.1. Assessment of the research subjects the factors affecting the
participation in rural tourism development management activities
a, Benefits
b, Barriers
c, The point of view
d, Policies

4.3.4.2. Model analysis results of factors affecting people's
participation in the management of rural tourism development in the
Northeast
a, The reliability of the scale


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b, Explore factor analysis (EFA)
Table 4.23. Summary of EFA analysis results for variables
Observed
Variance of
variables
KMO Eigenvalue
extract
Note
Benefits
Barriers
The point
view
Policies
Joining

of

0,866

3,787

57,343

Accepted

0,856

3,852

58,149

Accepted

0,907

4,227

60,390

Accepted

0,855

3,212

80,311

Accepted

0,764

3,448

68,968

Accepted

(Source: Summary of survey results)
c, Analysis of correlation coefficients between research concepts
in the model
Table 4.25. Testing correlation between dependent variables and
independent variables
LI
RC
QD
CS
DD
Pearson
1
-.054 .103* .145** .525**
Correlation
LI
Sig. (2-tailed)
.245 .025 .002 .000
N
473
473
473
473
473
Pearson
-.054 1
-.113* -.091*

Correlation
.253**
RC
Sig. (2-tailed)
.245
.014 .047 .000
N
473
473
473
473
473
Pearson
.103* -.113* 1
.251** .247**
Correlation
QD
Sig. (2-tailed)
.025 .014
.000 .000
N
473
473
473
473
473
Pearson
.145** -.091* .251** 1
.252**
CS

Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
.002 .047 .000
.000


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N
473
473
473
473
473
Pearson
.525**
.247** .252** 1
Correlation
.253**
DD
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000 .000 .000 .000
N
473
473
473
473
473
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
(Source: Summary of survey results)

d, Analysis of multivariate regression models on factors
affecting people's participation in rural tourism development
management
Table 4.26. Regression analysis of the factors affecting people's
participation in rural tourism development management
Unstandardized Standardized
Collinearity
Coefficients
Coefficients
Statistics
Model
t
Sig.
Std.
B
Beta
B
Error
(Constant) 2.316 .215
10.786 .000
Benefits .400
.031
.481
12.951 .000 .973
1.028
Barriers -.176 .033
-.199
-5.385 .000 .982
1.019
1

The point
.120
.032
.142
3.728 .000 .925
1.082
of view
Policies .106
.031
.129
3.372 .001 .919
1.088
(Source: Summary of survey results)
e, Comparative analysis of differences in people's participation
in rural tourism development management by demographic
characteristics
 Comparative analysis of people's participation by gender
The results in Appendix 4.1 show that in the t-test for Equality
of Means column, the testing factors with sig> 0.05 show that there is
no significant difference. Statistics on people's participation in rural
tourism development management by gender (Appendix 4.1)
 Comparative analysis of citizen participation by age
In the ANOVA analysis, we find that the participation of people
in rural tourism development management is not different among
different age groups (Appendix 4.2)


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 Comparative analysis of people's participation by ethnicity

The results in Appendix 4.3 show that there is no statistically
significant difference in people's participation in managing rural
tourism development by ethnicity. This implies that there is no
difference in views or participation in rural tourism development
among Kinh people and ethnic minority groups (Appendix 4.3).
 Comparative analysis of people's participation by education level
In the t-test for Equality of Means test column, we see that the
testing factor with sig> 0.05 shows that there is no statistically
significant difference in the participation of people. people in rural
tourism development management by education level (Appendix 4.4).
 Comparative analysis of people's participation by number of
household members
Appendix 4.5 shows a statistically significant difference in
participation in rural tourism development management by number of
household members (sig <0.05). In particular, households with a
large number of members (from 7 to 9 people) expressed the greatest
agreement with the concept “I participated in building the tourism
organization structure in the locality”, “I participated in organizing
rural tourism activities” and “I attended the local rural tourism
control and management”. This shows that the majority of families
are willing to participate in a variety of content, from organizational
structure to implementation, control and management of rural
tourism development activities. locally because it will be an
opportunity to create jobs that help them raise their incomes and
improve their quality of life.
 Comparative analysis of people's participation according to
household income
The results show that there is basically no statistically significant
difference in participation in rural tourism development management
by household income (sig> 0.05). Except for the opinion “I

participated in organizing rural tourism activities” with sig <0.05 in
high-income households (Over 4 million). Thus, households with
good local economic conditions are well aware of the benefits and
roles, thereby participating more with the community in the
development of local rural tourism. (Appendix 4.6)
4.4. General assessment of the participation of people in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast


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4.4.1. Achievements
The number of people who have participated in and intended to
participate in rural tourism development management in the
Northeast region is on the rise and the people's participation is
assessed at different levels. From neglect to non-participation, then to
interest, formal but formal participation and ultimately active
participation in important steps in the rural tourism development
process. As follows:
Regarding planning and planning activities: People have been
aware of the role of participating in the management of tourism
development, proactively proposing ideas, collecting information,
and finding space. New tourism territory to provide information to
support local governments in planning and planning.
Regarding the construction of organizational structure: People
are allowed to participate in meetings to discuss rural tourism
development guidelines and strategies, to be elected and to run for
rural tourism management positions to approve and vote on issues
related to local rural tourism development.
Regarding the activities of organizing the implementation of
rural tourism: People are proactive in coming up with the idea of

developing rural tourism products. Forming a sense of mind in
building an environment of lodging, environmental sanitation, more
mature from experiences through visiting practical models, from
directly serving tourists at home.
For promotion content: People have formed a sense of and
active in providing and promoting rural tourism products and
services through the quality of rural tourism products and services.
traveler feedback.
The majority of people are aware of the economic, cultural and
social benefits of participating in rural tourism development which
are an important factor and a strong influence on people's
participation decisions in the present. now and the future. In addition,
people appreciate the state's supportive policies to further encourage
their participation in developing highly potential local tourism types.
4.4.2. The remaining problem
The number of people actively participating in the steps in rural
tourism development management is limited, especially since they
have just participated in the first step of development planning at the


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level of resource data collection, propose ideas, set goals,
development targets and build implementation plans at a low level.
The results show that there is a difference in awareness when
participating in the rural tourism development management activities
of the people in the provinces in the study area, as a result of the
difference in educational level. However, gender issues affect
people's perceptions of the region.
The role of the State and local authorities in engaging and
coordinating with people to manage rural tourism development in the

area has not been paid attention, leading to controlling the effects of
tourism development. This between the economic, social and
environmental impacts is still loose.
Barriers of rural tourism development in the region have an
impact on people's awareness and attitudes when participating in
rural tourism.4.4.3. The cause of the limitations.
In recent years, Vietnam's tourism industry in general and the
Northeastern provinces in particular have advocated the development
of diverse types of tourism, however, rural tourism and people's
participation are not really Developed and concerned by the causes
presented below:
Firstly, there is no specific plan for each locality to develop rural
tourism, namely, there is not a general theoretical framework for the
concept of this type of tourism.
Secondly, rural tourism, though developed, is not commensurate
with its inherent potential.
Thirdly, due to the fact that tourism development is not linked to
the locality, the natural resources exploited by the tourism industry
are not effective and sustainable.
Fourthly, there is no good preparation for the Party committees,
authorities at all levels and local people to have rural tourism
resources for them to be ready to participate and develop their
activities.
Fifthly, farmers are those who bring their ecological and cultural
heritage into rural tourism, but in fact have little benefit from this
activity. Cohesion and benefit-sharing mechanism among
stakeholders for rural tourism development are not tight, reducing the
effectiveness of rural tourism development activities in the region.

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CHAPTER 5
THE SOLUTION IS TO INCREASE PEOPLE'S
PARTICIPATION IN RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTHEAST OF VIETNAM
5.1. Rural tourism development context in Northeast Vietnam
5.2. Viewpoints, targets and orientations for developing rural
tourism in the Northeast
5.2.1. Viewpoints
5.2.2. Targets
5.2.3. Orientations
5.3. The solution aims to increase people's participation in the
management of rural tourism development in the Northeast
5.3.1. The solution group is built based on the results of analyzing
the research model
5.3.1.1. Strengthen the benefits of rural tourism
Initial support is needed for newcomers, such as investment
advice, production and business technical advice, training, opening
training and retraining courses on knowledge. knowledge, skills, ... to
help them have the necessary skills to provide community tourism
products in the best way.
Local governments need to study to involve farmers in order to
create new value with their own "rural" resources to develop services,
including tourism services to directly serve industrial parks,
amusement parks, entertainment areas, ...
Determining the main content to exploit tourism resources in
rural areas is developing eco-tourism and cultural tourism with the
participant diversification method.
Effective exploitation of tourism development resources needs
to share benefits with the local community, ensuring sustainable

development.
5.3.1.2. Improve people's awareness of rural tourism
Awareness raising on rural tourism is achieved through methods
such as:
- Visiting each household, talking and listening to people's
feelings
- Talk by group discussion
- Organize training programs for people


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Methods of propaganda are ways to influence people's
awareness in order to improve their self-awareness and enthusiasm in
doing work. As follows:
- Disseminate benefits of rural tourism in economic, social,
environmental and people's responsibilities in preserving local
cultural heritages.
- In addition, to raise people's awareness, it is necessary to
promote advertising on domestic mass media like local radio and
television stations.
5.3.1.3. Completing the State policy to support rural tourism
development
The state needs to improve tourism planning for each locality
and strengthen state management to implement the approved plans,
avoid fragmented business, make rural tourism less sustainable. .
For localities with obvious potential for rural tourism
development, priority must be given to developing infrastructure and
auxiliary facilities to attract more tourists and prolong their stay,
increase visitor spending and return.
Completing mechanisms and policies on tourism service

management, opening classes for local government officials to raise
awareness on tourism development, developing conventions of craft
villages in tourism exploitation.
Continue to improve the management mechanism, simplify
administrative procedures, create an open environment to attract
investment in tourism development. Ensuring equality between
domestic and foreign investment entities, between individuals and
collectives and organizations.
Building a mechanism to attract capital from people to invest in
tourism development; socialize conservation, embellishment of
monuments, landscapes, festivals, folklore activities, craft villages ...
to serve tourism development.
Complete mechanisms and policies for tourism development to
create the most favorable conditions for the community to participate
in tourism activities.
Basic research is needed for each rural area in development
plans of provinces and cities across the country


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Building mechanisms to attract capital from people to invest in
tourism development, socializing conservation, embellishing relics,
landscapes, festivals, folklore activities serving tourism development.
Promote human resource training for tourism businesses,
bringing rural tourism development training programs into training
facilities.
Strengthening market expansion and propaganda for rural
tourism programs built on the basis of ensuring the relationship
between sustainable exploitation and development of natural
resources, combining tourism development with agricultural

development. village, combining traditional elements with modern
elements.
In addition to the support from the State, the development of a
rural tourism model requires the participation of investors in
supporting infrastructure development in order to form a link
between citizens and large enterprises. , providing opportunities for
low-income people to participate in tourism-based economic
activities.
5.3.1.4. Limiting barriers in rural tourism development
Information on planning, plans and policies on tourism
development should be publicized and transparent for active
participation of local communities.
It is necessary to consider the main factors for the development
of rural tourism, of which the core is the community element and
builds the traditional cultural identity of each ethnic group and each
locality; the participation of community and rural people as the
subject of rural tourism; promoting the role of other stakeholders
such as travel agencies, research agencies, social organizations;
improve the quality of tourism products with the enhancement of the
value and difference of products targeting specific groups of tourists.
The authorities at all levels, especially the grassroots level, need
to organize forums for people to contribute ideas and suggestions on
tourism development plans and plans in their localities.
Through the participation of local communities to develop
traditional trades and festivals, tourists can visit and experience with
the rural community.
Encourage the development of community-based tourism, rural
tourism, and responsible tourism in ethnic minority areas, especially

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villages that preserve traditional values and support budget for
conservation. developing traditional craft villages, honoring artisans,
encouraging contributions from tourism incomes of enterprises to
preserve and restore cultural and ecological values.
Tour operators and local authorities propose to the superior
management agencies to remove rural tourism development barriers
on the quality of local tourism human resources, knowledge and
experience of the people and tourism workers,...
5.3.2. Other solution groups
5.3.2.1. Creating opportunities and favorable conditions for people
to participate in rural tourism development
Information on planning, plans and policies on tourism
development should be publicized and transparent for active
participation of local communities.
Need to maintain the channels of communication and
information exchange regularly, helping community members and
stakeholders see that they are important subjects involved in the
decision-making process until the implementation process. tourism
projects.
It is necessary to have policies to encourage and support the
community to invest in tourism development in the areas where they
live, to both attract investment capital sources and create jobs and
increase incomes.
Initial support is needed for newcomers to tourism, such as:
investment advice, technical advice on production and business,
organization of training; open training courses on knowledge and
skills ... to help them with the necessary skills to provide community
tourism products in the best way.
5.3.2.2. Focus on training and retraining to improve knowledge and

skills for the people
Prioritizing the development of human resources for tourism
activities for local laborers, especially local ethnic minorities, with
support policies in training, vocational training, mobilizing
businesses Enterprises participating in tourism business prefer to use
this labor source.
Strengthen cooperation and exchange of experience through
conferences, scientific seminars and tourism fairs in countries and
localities where the tourism industry is developed.


19
Replicate the model "Every citizen is a guide, warmly to
tourists" in order to create a new change, contributing to improving
the competitiveness and sustainable development of regional tourism
in the future.
Surveying the contingent of officials, staff and people
participating in tourism business activities in the area and each
locality.
Focusing on improving the quality of human resources for rural
tourism activities associated with vocational training for rural
workers through strengthening training and fostering in foreign
languages, skills, knowledge and attitudes serve visitors in a
professional, skilled and friendly manner; strengthen connection with
travel companies to design tours and routes to attract tourists to
exploit the potential and advantages in tourism development.
5.3.2.3. Encourage and facilitate the development of unique products
and services that promote the traditional cultural values of ethnic
groups in the Northeast
Through the participation of local communities to develop

traditional crafts and festivals, make handicrafts, plant local
specialties ... for tourists to enjoy and buy product.
Encourage the development of community based tourism, rural
tourism, and responsible tourism in ethnic minority areas, especially
villages that preserve traditional values; budget support in the
conservation and development of traditional craft villages, honoring
artisans; encourage contributions from tourism income of enterprises
to preserve and restore cultural and ecological values.
5.3.2.4. Strengthen the implementation of tourism development
programs
- Firstly, before putting this type of exploitation into a specific
locality, there should be meticulous, detailed investigation, research
of all types of tourism resources that can be included in tourism
activities and The most important thing is to choose the resources
which are the key strengths, to make them as the main places where
they will reflect the most distinctive features of the local landscape
and people.
- Secondly, selecting and determining the specific attraction in
each locality, creating a basis for organizing the exploitation,
management and development of rural tourism resources in each


20
locality such as: The attractiveness of natural resources rural tourism
in each locality, time of exploitation of natural resources,
environment, capacity of each region, sustainability, accessibility,
conditions on material-technical facilities, infrastructure and traffic ,
the ability to develop, efficient and economic benefits from tourism
activities bring about, attaching importance to the link between this
type of tourism and other types of tourism in the same locality (if

any) to develop. develop comprehensively and completely all types
by combining, reciprocating support in order to serve the maximum
needs of tourists.
- Thirdly, strengthening, promoting market expansion and
promoting propaganda for rural tourism programs on all media can in
order to create a specific brand to leave a deep impression.
5.3.2.5. Some special types and forms of tourism are needed in rural
tourism
Rural tourism is a type of visit where visitors come to the
farmer's house, live and play with them, participate in cultural
activities and visit local attractions. There are the following specific
types of references that can help rural tourism develop well and
professionally: Guest houses; Children reception houses; Summer
camp; Stop station; Hotel; Play house on stilts; Rural restaurant;
Farmers' House; Museum of rural customs; Craft villages; Rural
festival
5.3.2.6. Coordinate and closely cooperate with stakeholders, develop
mechanisms for sharing benefits between entities when participating
in rural tourism activities.
From the results of the field research and the survey results show
that the cooperation model in rural tourism development will be
identified including internal cooperation and external cooperation.
Accordingly, building linkage relationships are not only horizontal
link or vertical link but must be a combination of links to create chain
link, network link. These links will be broken into internal and
external links.
5.3.2.7. Form rural clusters to develop rural tourism, routes and
destinations in the Northeast
In order to develop regional tourism, localities need to have
policies to encourage travel businesses to build new tours to attract

international visitors. Need to coordinate to create conditions for


21
travel agencies to research and develop unique and unique tourism
products in order to enhance the competitiveness of tourism industry
in the localities.
Each province needs to find its own advantages and create its
own products to promote the strengths of regional connectivity.
It is necessary to attach importance to the promotion, tourism
promotion and overall promotion and promotion programs in order to
build an image for regional routes and points of connection, which
has created an effectiveness in advertising activities. promote,
promote, and save costs.
Invest in developing human resources based on the
characteristics of each region in order to prepare them in accordance
with the human resource needs, especially high quality human
resources of each region.
It is necessary to cooperate in exchanging experiences in
environmental protection at tourist sites, ensuring the implementation
of the principle of sustainable development, avoiding negative human
impacts in tourism exploitation and business.
5.4. Recommendations
5.4.1. Recommendations to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and
Tourism
5.4.2. Recommendations to the General Department of Tourism
5.4.3. Recommendations to the Department of Culture, Sports and
Tourism of the provinces
CONCLUSIONS
Study the participation of people in the management of rural

tourism development in the Northeast of Vietnam through analyzing
the content, extent and impact of the factors on people's future
planning to Proposing suitable and feasible solutions in the coming
years has important implications both theoretically and practically for
the Northeast provinces in particular and the strategic vision to the
whole region in general. Accordingly, the thesis has focused on
solving a number of issues as follows:
1. The thesis has reviewed 13 foreign research works and 04
related domestic research works on the participation of people in
rural tourism development management, in an approach-oriented
manner. research. Thereby, the dissertation has pointed out the
successes and limitations of the research works, and also pointed out


22
the "gap" as the limitations of the current studies analyzing people's
participation in rural tourism development management; a
comprehensive study of rural tourism development process from
rural tourism development planning; Building rural tourism
management structure; Organize the implementation of rural tourism
activities; Promotion & Promotion, Control and Management of
Rural Tourism are not of interest to many authors, and among the
reviewed factors, the State policy element is considered to be a new
element without the authors. Any mention in his studies.
2. The thesis has completed a number of theoretical and practical
issues on rural tourism, the participation of people in the
management of rural tourism development and the content of rural
tourism development through the conclusions from the total.
Document review. The thesis also points out the experience of
increasing people's participation in rural tourism development

management in some countries in the world (Indonesia, China, Japan,
Thailand) and localities in Vietnam (Hanoi, Hai Duong, Tien Giang).
From there, draw some basic lessons to enhance the participation of
people in the Northeast of Vietnam.
3. The thesis has clarified the research methodology, expressed
through the following contents: Building research questions,
analytical framework, research process, methods of collecting,
processing and synthesizing information and analysis methods.
information. At the same time, two qualitative analysis methods
(focus group discussions with managers and residents) were used to
adjust the scale of influencing factors and quantitative methods
(exploratory factor analysis (EFA). )) to demonstrate the influence of
each factor on the participation of people in the management of rural
tourism development in the Northeast. These are the benefit factors
when participating in rural tourism development management,
barriers when participating in rural tourism development
management, people's views on rural tourism development
management. village and government policies in the management of
rural tourism.
4. The dissertation has analyzed the situation of rural tourism
development in the Northeast provinces in terms of the number of
tourists coming to the province, the number of establishments and
revenue of accommodation services in the province. The dissertation


23
has performed exploratory factor analysis and multivariate regression
analysis, thereby quantifying the degree of influence of the factors on
the participation of people in rural tourism development management
in Northeast region is the benefit gained when participating in rural

tourism development management, barriers when participating in
rural tourism development management, people's views on rural
tourism development management and State policies in rural tourism
development management. At the same time, the thesis has
demonstrated the benefits gained from participating in the
management of rural tourism development, which has the strongest
impact on the participation of people in the region. In addition, the
thesis also points out the achievements, the outstanding issues and
the causes of the limitations as a basis for developing solutions to
increase people's participation in tourism development management
to 2025, vision to 2030.
5. Based on the analysis of the actual conditions of the province
combined with the views, orientations for rural tourism development
and the results of SWOT model analysis on rural tourism in the
Northeast, the thesis proposes four groups of solutions. from research
models such as perfecting State policies; Enhance the benefits of
rural tourism; Limiting barriers and raising people's awareness, 07
other solution groups (Creating opportunities and favorable
conditions for people to participate in rural tourism development
management, fostering and improving knowledge and techniques
capacity for people, encouraging and creating favorable conditions
for the development of unique products and services that enhance the
traditional cultural values of ethnic groups in the Northeast; Enhance
the implementation of tourism development promotion programs. A
number of special types and forms of tourism are needed in rural
tourism; Coordinating and closely linking stakeholders, developing a
mechanism for sharing benefits between entities when participating
in activities. activities of rural tourism and forming clusters of rural
tourism development, routes and destinations in rural areas in the
Northeastern provinces) and 03 recommendations groups to enhance

people's participation in management of rural tourism.
Besides the successes, the thesis still has some limitations such
as just researching on one aspect from the participation of local
people. While the parties involved in tourism are including other


24
subjects such as local authorities, tourism service providers, etc.
Besides, the thesis has not yet analyzed and proved all factors.
affecting the participation of people in the management of tourism
development in the Northeast of Vietnam. The author expects this
limitation will be studied in the next thesis.