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vDong bang Bac Bo
ufng pho v6i bien doi icJii hau
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1

O HOANG HAI LONG
Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat tnin Ndng thdn

K

hu vuc Ddng bang Bac Bd (DBBB) la noi cd vj thdja ly va dieu kien
tu nhien rat thuan lgi; tai nguyen thien nhien phong phu, da dang;
ngudn dai dai mau md do phu sa bdi dap. Day la dieu kien quan
trgng de phat then KT-XH. Tuy nhien, thdi gian gan day DBBB dang phai
ddi mat trwdc nhung tac ddng manh me cua BDKH. Do vay, can thiet phai
cd cac giai phap quan trgng de ung phd vdi BDKH.

Tac ddng cua bien ddi khi hau
Vung OBBB ed truyen thdng
lau ddi ve tham canh, la vifa lua
Idn thU hai cOa nudc ta. Tuy
nhien, dudi tac dpng cua cac dieu
kien khf hau, rTnh vufe ndng nghiep
dang anh hudng nghiem trpng;
mdt sd lupng khdng nhd tai
nguyen bj suy thoai do khai thac
qua mUc. Han han gay gat, lu lut
keo dai, mua bao ngay cang

nhieu vdi cudng dp ac liet hon...
xay ra tren dien rpng trong vung.
BOKH de dpa nghiem trpng den
an ninh luong thuc va phat trien
ndng nghiep trong vung, the hien
tren cac mat nhu: Thu hep dien
tfch da't ndng nghiep; tac dpng Idn
de'n sinh trudng, nang suat cay
trdng, thdi vu gieo trdng, lam tang
nguy co lay lan sau benh hai cay
trdng; anh hudng de'n sinh san,
sinh trudng, tang kha nang sinh
benh, truyen djch cua gia sue, gia
cam. Theo WB, vao cudi the ky
21, nhiet dp cd the tang khoang
40c, nude bien dang cao trong

khoang I m . Vdi kjch ban nay,
theo cac md hinh nghien cUu, se
ngap 11% dien tfch Odng bang
sdng Hdng, 3% dien tfch cac tinh
khac vijng ven bien bj ngap. Muc
nudc bien dang (NBD) lam sir an
toan he thd'ng de sdng, de bien va
he thdng hd chUa bi de dpa, che
dp ddng chay ven bd thay ddi gay
xdi Id bd, giam kha nang tieu tU
chay, dien tfch va thdi gian ngap
ung tang len tai nhieu khu vuc,
nhieu he thdng thijy Ipi khdng dap

Ung dupc yeu cau tieu, cung nhu
cap nude d vung OBBB. Tinh
trang qua thUa nUde trong mua
mua va thieu nude trong mua khd
xay ra thudng xuyen hang nam.
Theo Vien Khoa hpc KTTV& MT
ddi vdi vung OBSH, de'n nam
2100 man xam nhap sau them
vao da't lien tU 3-9 km, neu NBD
len I m , OBSH se ngap de'n 40%
dien tfch, ngap khoang 0,3 0,5
trieu ha. Lu thupng ngudn gia
tang, lifu luong dinh lu tang tU 1125% ket hpp vdi NBD se dan de'n

mifc nudc dpc sdng dang cao
hon, uy hiep de'n an toan he thd'ng
hd chUa thupng ngudn va cac he
thd'ng de bao ve cho ddng bang.
Trong cd cau nganh ndng nghiep,
dien tfch cay lUdng thUe cOa vung
khoang 1,2 trieu ha, trong dd cd
hon 1 trieu ha da't gieo trdng Ida.
Hien nay, cac hien tupng mUc
NBD, han han, lupng mua d nhieu
noi giam, lu lut da va dang tac
dpng ngay cang nang ne ITnh vuc
nay. Cac cdng trinh tieu nude
VLing ven bien hien nay hau het
deu la cac he thdng tieu tu chay;
khi muc NBD len, viec tieu tuchay

se het sUc khd khan, dien tfch va
thdi gian ngap ung tang len tai
nhieu khu vUc.
Theo nhan djnh cua ed quan
du bao KTTV, nam 2014, cac tinh
OBBB cd kha nang chju anh
hudng true tie'p 2 - 3 con bao
hoac ATNO. Thdi gian anh hudng
cua bao va ATNO ehi!i yeu tap
trung vao thang 7. 8 va 9. Mija
mua bao nam 2014 ed kha nang

Tdi nguyen v d Mdi tradng | Ky 1 Thang 8/2014

^1


dien bien phUc tap hdn cac nam
trudc. Can de phdng nhung cdn
bao manh va di chuyen khdng
theo qui luat khf hau. Mua lu 2014
cd kha nang bat dau phu hpp quy
luat chung (nCfa cudi thang 5 ed
kha nang xuat hien lu tieu man).
Oinh lu cao nhat nam 2014 phd
bien d mUe thap hdn TBNN; xap
xi va cao hdn cung ky nam 2013.
Tren sdng Hdng, dinh lu thap
hon dinh lu TBNN va cao hdn
dinh lu nam 2013. Tai Sdn Tay d

mUc 11.20
11.70 m (TBNN:
13.85 m); tai Ha Ndi d mUe 8.50
9.00m (TBNN: 10.98m). Tren
sdng Day tai Ba Tha dinh lu cao
nhat nam cd kha nang d mUc
dinh lu TBNN (TBNN: 4.77 m) cd
tri sd khoang 4.80 5.30 m; sdng
Thai Binh tai Pha Lai dinh ID cao
nhat nam cd kha nang d mUc
4.00 4.50 m, thap hdn dinh lu
TBNN (TBNN: 5.56m); sdng
Hoang Long tai Ben Oe dinh lu
cao nhat nam cd kha nang d mUe
3.40 3.90 m, tUdng dUdng dinh
lu TBNN va dinh lu nam 2013
(TBNN: 3.66 m). Thdi gian xuat
hien dinh lu, he thd'ng sdng Hdng,
sdng Thai Binh thang 7 hoac
thang 8, sdng Day, sdng Hoang
Long thang 8 hoac thang 9.
Giai phap ufng phd
Oe Ung phd BOKH, phat trien
ben vung vung OBBB, theo cac
nha khoa hpc KTTV, trong xay
dung quy hoach phat trien KT-XH
can chu y viec giam nhe va
phdng chdng, thfch nghi vdi tac
hai do BOKH gay ra. Tiet kiem
nang lupng, khai thac ngudn

nang lupng mdi; td chUe quan ly
nude tren chau thd sdng Hdng,
sdng Thai Binh; chuyen ddi co
cau cay trdng va vat nudi phu
hop vdi hoan canh BOKH; nang
42

cap de he thd'ng sdng Hdng,
sdng Thai Binh; nang cap de
bien, trdng cay chan sdng va
trdng rUng phdng hd ven bien;
tang cudng nhan thUe cdng ddng
ve BOKH va thfch Ung vdi BOKH.
Thuc hien tdt cdng tac tuyen
truyen ve nhung tac hai, nang
cao nhan thUc ve tham hpa cua
BOKH dua tren cd sd cpng ddng;
tranh thu mpi ngudn lUc trong va
ngoai nude de tao ngudn nhan
luc phuc vu cho cdng tac Ung
phd. Can ket hpp ddng thdi viec
lap ban do quan ly rui ro do
BOKH va muc NBD tai vung vdi
cac ke hoach phat trien kinh te
phu hpp vdi thdi tiet va thd
nhUdng cua vung. Tfch cue nang
cao cac tieu chuan phdng chdng
lu nham hudng tdi phat trien ben
vUng; nang cap he thdng de dieu
bao ve sdng Hdng; tien hanh

viec giam sat chat che va Ung
phd vdi cac tinh hudng khan cap
xay ra vdi he thd'ng de dieu. ThUe
hien Idng ghep nhiem vu quan ly
rui ro vdi nhiem vu Ung phd
BOKH vdi cac ban, nganh phdng
chdng lut bao, tim kiem eUu nan
d cac cap.
Trong ndng nghiep, chfnh
quyen dja phuong can dau tu he
thd'ng thuy Ipi, he thdng hd dap.
Tfnh toan dugc ngudn nude
ngam, ngudn nudc mat, xay dung
he thd'ng hd dap tudi. Tie'p tue dau
tu cho he thdng thuy Ipi ndi ddng
de lam sao bao dam van de nudc
de ddi phd vdi tinh trang han han.
Cd nhung thay ddi ve cdng nghe
tudi, dac biet ddi vdi nhung loai
cay cdng nghiep dai ngay, nhu ca
phe, che, dieu, nhUng cay lau nay
nhd nude mua la chfnh, nay se
phai nghien cUu nhung bien phap
de tiet kiem nudc. Xay dung chfnh
sach va ed nhung thir nghiem lam

Tdi nguypn vd Mdi trudng | Ky 1 - Thang 8/2014

sao khuyen khfch ndng dan si3f
dung nudc tiet kiem va ap dung

nhung Ung dung khoa hpc, cdng
nghe, nhu cdng nghe tudi nhd gipt
hay phun mUa vUa tiet kiem nudc
vUa lam cay trdng phat trien tot
hdn. Can tfnh toan dugc nguon
nude ngam, ngudn nUde mat, xay
dung he thdng hd dap tudi. Cac
giai phap ky thuat chuyen ddi cay
trdng, chuyen tU loai cay trdng
nay sang cay trdng khac chju han,
chiu ung hdn; sir dung gidng thfch
Ung hdn vdi su chuyen ddi cOa
thdi tiet- chju han, chiu ung, chiu
ret, chju man, chju phen tdt hdn..,
Nghien cUu thu nhap nhung loai
cay trdng, gidng mdi, td chUc san
xuat hat gidng, cay gidng de difa
vao san xuat; Ung dung cac bien
phap ky thuat, qui trinh ky thuat.
de nong dan cd the ap dung dUdc,
s i n sang ddi phd dupc khi thdi tiet
cue doan xay ra.
Cd quan KTTV khu vifc
OBBB theo ddi chat che va dU
bao kjp thdi, chi'nh xac thdi tiet,
thuy van trong khu vuc, dac biet la
cac hien tupng KTTV nguy hiem,
phuc vu tdt cdng tac chi dao
phdng tranh giam nhe thiet hai do
thien tai; cung cap kip thdi, day di!i

cac ban tin dU bao, canh bao ve
cac hien tupng thdi tiet nguy hiem
cho cac CO quan, ban, nganh tai
cac dia phUdng trong khu vUc va
tren cac phuong tien thdng tin dai
chung theo quy djnh. Thuc hien
nghiem tuc Quy che bao ap thap
nhiet ddi, bao, lu ci!ia ThCi tudng
Chi'nh phi^i va Thdng tu sd
35/2011/TT-BTNMT ve viec Quy
dinh ehi tiet thuc hien Quy che
bao ATNO, bao, lu; td chUe tdt
cdng tac du bao va phuc vu dif
bao, thdng bao, canh bao kjp thdi
cac hien tupng thdi tiet nguy hiem
trong khu VUC.B