Phát triển nông nghiệp tỉnh quảng ngãi theo hướng nông nghiệp sinh thái tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
******

DANG THI MAI TRAM

DEVELOPING AGRICULTURAL IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE
TOWARDS ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE

Specialization: Geography
Code: 9.31.05.01

SUMMARY OF GEOLOGICAL PHD THESIS

Ha Noi, 2020


The work was completed in
HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

Scientific Instructor:

Prof.Dr. Nguyen Viet Thinh
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Pham Viet Hong

Reviewer 1:

Assoc.Prof. Duong Quỳnh Phuong
Office: University of Education – Thai Nguyen University

Reviewer 2:

Assoc.Prof. Nguyễn Thị Trang Thanh
Office: Vinh University

Reviewer 3:

Ph.D. Đỗ Văn Thanh
Office: Hanoi National University of Education

The thesis will be defended in front of the University's Thesis Evaluation Council
at Hanoi National University of Education
at ... on ... day ... month ... year ...

The thesis can be found at the library:
- National Library in Hanoi
- Library in Hanoi National University of Education
- Library of Faculty of Geography – HNUE


LIST OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS
RELATING TO THE THESIS PROTOCOL
1. Dang Thi Mai Tram (2018), Indigenuos knowledge are used developing
Quang Ngai’s agriculture by using ecological farming in the context of
the present area, Proceedings of the 10th National Scientific Conference on
Geography, Da Nang University of Education, pp.451 – 457.
2. Dang Thi Mai Tram (2020), Analysis of production models by towarsd
eco-agriculture in Quang Ngai, Journal Research of Human Geography
- Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, ISSN 1859 – 1604, pp.47-53.
3. Dang Thi Mai Tram (2020), The premises, opportunities and
challenges to develop agriculture towards eco-agriculture in Quang

Ngai province, Journal of Science – Ha Noi National University of
Education, ISSN 1859 – 1612, pp.153-161.


1
PREAMBLE
1. The reason for choosing the topic
Traditional agriculture, in certain extent, has already been ecological agriculture.
However, in the process of intensifying intensive farming to increase productivity, pursuing
increasing production has caused many environmental problems, food safety. That has
caused the world agriculture to face many big problems such as environmental pollution,
poor soil, biodiversity decline, and pest outbreak.
Quang Ngai province has many conditions to develop agriculture with the diversity of
nature, natural resources and socio-economy. Quang Ngai agriculture has played an important
role in the province's overall economic structure over the past years, contributing about 19%
of GRDP in Quang Ngai province, accounting for 49,2% of employees working in economic
sectors, help 84,9% of the rural population make a living and provide food for 15,1% of the
urban population. In which, cultivation and husbandry are the two main production sectors,
accounting for 58,6% and 35,7% of agricultural production value. However, the development
of this industry is mainly based on advantages of resources and low efficiency; improper
farming techniques, overuse of chemical fertilizers, excessive use of plant protection
chemicals, unsecured processing and preservation have caused many environmental damage,
consumer

poisoning,

and

metastasis

for

the

health

of

future

generations.

At the same time, the development of agriculture to create quality products, add value and
compete in the market is an urgent issue in Quang Ngai province.
In order to select solutions for Quang Ngai agriculture development, it is not only
economically efficient but also protects the environment and ensures food safety for the
society. PhD student and instructors have chosen the research direction with the title
“Developing agricultural in Quang Ngai province towards ecological agriculture”

2. Research objectives and missions”
2.1. Objectives
Based on the overview of agricultural and ecological agriculture theoretical basis,
thesis’s objectives evaluate influencing factors, analysis of current status of agricultural
development and distribution in Quang Ngai province in the direction of ecological
agriculture. Base on, propose solutions to develop agriculture in Quang Ngai province
towards ecological agriculture.


2
2.2. Missons

To achieve the set goals, the thesis focuses on solving the following tasks:
- Systematize the overview of agricultural and ecological agriculture theoretical basis.
- It valuates influencing factors related to agriculture and ecological agriculture.
- Analysis of current status of agricultural development in the direction of ecological
agriculture and agricultural models in the direction of ecological agriculture in Quang Ngai
province in terms of geography period of 2010 – 2017.
- Proposing solutions to develop agriculture in the direction of agriculture in Quang
Ngai province until 2025 with a vision to 2030
3. Research scope
3.1 Regarding to the space
Research space for agricultural development towards ecological agriculture in the
territory of Quang Ngai province, consists of 14 administrative units. Which divided into 3
ecological sub-region: mountains, plains and islands. Case studies were select in the districts
of Binh Son, Nghia Hanh and Quang Ngai City. These are the areas where agricultural
models are implemented in the ecological agriculture direction, which are bright spots in the
new rural program in Quang Ngai.
3.2. Regarding to time
Research period to assess the current situation is from 2010 to 2017 which is a period
of drastic change of Quang Ngai agriculture towards ecological agriculture. Time of
orientation research and forecast until 2025, vision to 2030.
3.3. Regarding to the research content
The thesis researches agriculture in Quang Ngai towards ecological agriculture in the
fields of cultivation and husbandry. The thesis analyzes a number of agricultural production
models in the direction of typical agricultural practices: fruit trees intercropping with shortterm crops; beef raising and poverty alleviation; large fields; safe vegetable production.
4. Research points of view and methods
4.1. Points of view
The thesis uses leading views in researching socio-economic geographic and specific
approaches to research topics related. These are System view, Aggregate view, Territorial
perspective, Historical and prospect view, Sustainable development perspective, Ecological
perspective, Market and Policy approach view.

3
4.2. Research methods
The research methods have been applied: Methods of collecting and processing
documents, Field method, Sociological survey method, Expert method, Statistical method,
Map-GIS method and SWOT method.
5. Scientific and practical significance of the thesis
5.1. Scientific significance
- Contributing to elucidating some theoretical issues on agricultural development
towards ecological agriculture.
- Define a system of indicators for assessing agriculture along the direction of ecoagriculture to be applied at the scale of researching agricultural geography in province.
5.2. Practical significance
- Analyzing the impact of geographical, natural and socio-economic factors on the
development of Quang Ngai agriculture in the direction of eco-agriculture.
- Clarify the current situation of agricultural development towards ecological
agriculture in Quang Ngai, on the basis of identifying advantages, difficulties and
challenges in converting agriculture to become more ecological.
- Propose a system of solutions to implement agricultural. agricultural development in
the direction of agriculture in Quang Ngai.
6. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusions, references and appendices, the thesis
content is presented in 4 chapters.


4
CHAPTER 1
SCIENTIFIC BASIS ON AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
TOWARDS ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
1.1. Overview of research issues

In the world
The studies mentioned here are all English documents.
Agricultural researches in terms of ecology
The concept of ecological agriculture is expressed most fully in Food, Globalization
and Sustainability (2012).
Farming practices and methods are analyzed in the project Ecological agriculture in China:
Principles and Applications (2007) with the direction of farming development and expansion of
ecological agriculture not only in China but also in the United States and Brazil.
In the Agroecologically efficient agricultural systems for smallholder famers:
contribution to food sovereignty (2011), the authors argued that in order to build a
sustainable agricultural ecosystem, it is necessary to learn how to design farms, farming
systems and landscapes based on ecology.
The debate about productivity and demonstrating that eco-agriculture really yields
productivity is clarified in research Is Ecological Agriculture Productive?(2008)
Agricultural studies in the direction of creating safe agricultural products
The authors of The Conversion to Sustainable Agriculture: Principles, Processes, and
Practices (2010) confirms that a change in the food production system is needed, through
which many elements of agricultural farming systems need to be adjusted in the transition to
a sustainable food production system.
In the Agroecology and the Search for the Truly Subtainable Agriculture (2005) have
outlined many initiatives to replace the negative aspects of industrial agricultural production that
are blooming around the world to promote eco-agriculture, produce nutritious and safe food.
In the Organic agriculture in the twenty-frst century (2016) emphasized that there is
no single approach to feed safely the planet, which requires a blend of organic farming and
other innovative farming systems to ensure safe food.
In the Regulations, standards, and certifications for agricultural exports - A practical
guide for producers and exporters in Asia (2007) gave instructions to producers and
businesses on how to Good Agricultural Practices – GAP (GlobalGAP, JGAP, ThaiGAP) and
the method to obtain those certifications. All of these certifications come from the needs of
consumers with safe food.

5
Agricultural studies in the direction of reducing input, increasing value and rational
use of resources
In the Sustainable Agriculture (2003) bring the benefits of natural agriculture out, it
has many complex interactive processes to control pests, weeds and regulate crop growth.
Some of the basic features of organic farming are given as follows: Promote existing
biological cycles; Maintaining local environmental resources; Not dependent on external
resources; Pollution reduction; Maintain the genetic diversity of the area.
In the report Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century (2010)
proposed solutions for future agricultural development: pest-resistant varieties, soil
conservation, integrated pest management, diverse crop use (cover crops, crop rotation) and
biological methods.
Most scientists and agricultural developers argued that designing an agriculture that
respects the limits of local natural resources is a necessity. Typical documents from this
perspective are Green agriculture: foundations for biodiverse, resilient and productive
agricultural systems.
In Vietnam
Agricultural researches in terms of ecology
In the Sustainable Agriculture - Basis and Application (1995) was shown that
understanding and grasping the ecological rules of agricultural ecosystems is important to
actively regulate the operation of planting and pets systems.
In the study of Agriculture and Environment (1999) came up with the concept and
principles of ecological agriculture development.
In the study of Agricultural ecology (2004) was presented that the nature of
agricultural production is to control agricultural ecosystems.
Agricultural studies in the direction of creating safe agricultural products
In the project Deeply involved in the global value chain in terms of implementing
WTO commitments: The case of Vietnam's agricultural sector (2012) refers to the conditions

necessary to ensure international trade competition on Vietnam's agricultural products in
current conditions.
In the Agricultural Policies in Viet Nam (2015) be paid to ensuring food security and
requirements, standards of agricultural exports. The establishment of safe agricultural and
the establishment of disease-free production zones, hi-tech production zones and
concentrated production zones apply good agricultural practice processes.
In response to the development of domestic market and international trade. The
Government of Vietnam has also issued the legal basis for the development and circulation


6
of safe agricultural products of VietGAP standards through the consolidation of Circular
16/VBHN-BNNPTNT Regulations on product certification Aquatic products, animal
husbandry are produced in accordance with good agricultural production practices and
organic agricultural products through Decree 109/2018 / ND-CP on Organic Agriculture.
Agricultural studies in the direction of reducing input, increasing value and rational
use of resources
Strategy for Agriculture & Rural development the period of 2011-2020 (Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development, 2009) points out that the scarcity of energy and natural
resources requires changes in technology and organizational structure of agricultural
production, using effective technologies to avoid polluting the environment, causing
ecological imbalances.
In the Project on Restructuring agriculture towards higher value-added and
sustainable development (Government, 2013), there have been concentrated agricultural
development orientations based on the rational use of resources, development distribution
consistent with the ecological conditions of each region.
Monograph on Vietnam's Agricultural Transition: adding value, reducing inputs
(World Bank, 2016) is a colorful picture of Vietnam's agricultural sector, highlighting the
future of agriculture to ensure "adding value, input reduction”.
In Quang Ngai

Researching towards safe food production
Decision No. 635 / QD-UBND date 24/9/ 2010 "Approving the project of planning on
safe vegetable production areas in delta districts of Quang Ngai province in the 2009-2015
period, with orientations toward 2020" to develop and develop safe vegetable areas,
implement and manage them according to VietGAP standards and barcode traceability
technology.
Decision No.2052 / QD-TTg dated 10/11/2010 on "Approving the master plan on
socio-economic development of Quang Ngai province up to 2020" has guided the planning
to form specialized areas such as high quality rice areas. High quality, clean vegetable
intensive areas apply the process, apply modern techniques, strongly develop husbandry to
ensure food hygiene and safety.
Decision No.148 / QD-UBND dated 25/05/ 2015 "Project of restructuring agricultural
sector towards increasing added value and sustainable development for the period 2015 2020" orientation for agricultural development in accordance with directions to increase
added value and sustainable development, create brands, create key specialty goods of the
province to attract markets.


7
Research on indigenous agricultural production.
Decision No. 116 / QD-UBND on “The project of each commune with one product for
the period of 2018-2020 and orientation to 2030” has created a premise for the development of
local agricultural conservation and local production methods. Quang Ngai area.
More specific issues on farming practices in the plains and mountains associated with
the culture of each region were analyzed in the study Quang Ngai - Traditional and modern
(Hoang Chuong, 2006). Indigenous knowledge in cultivation of some specific crops such as
cinnamon, tea, areca, garlic ... is systematically in the project Researching some indigenous
knowledge values proposing conservation and development solutions to contribute to the
socio-economic development of Quang Ngai province (Doan Ngoc Khoi et al, 2009).
Through the reality of the production of long-standing farming systems of Quang Ngai
ethnic minorities, the formation and characteristics of the cultivating systems are analyzed

in the topic: Rotational, retirement, intercropping, and Cultivation and crystallization of
indigenous knowledge of people practicing shifting cultivation in mountainous areas (Ngo
Duc Thinh, 2009).
1.2. Rationale of agricultural development towards ecological agriculture
Some concepts
In this section analyze the concepts and concepts of different authors related to
agriculture, agro-ecosystems, and agro-ecology.
Agriculture is the basic material production of society, using land with plants as the
main means of production to create food, food, some materials for industry (The
Encyclopedia of Agriculture, 1991).
Agriculture is a biophysical and economic activity, which is a direct result of farmers'
decisions and actions, strongly influenced by their socio-economic, institutional and
biophysical environment for production activities (Ganesh Shivakoti 2005).
The agricultural ecosystem is a ecosystem created by human and maintained on the
basis of objective laws of nature, with the aim of satisfying the multi-faceted and increasing
demand. The ecosystem is a typical artificial ecosystem, directly controlled by humans.
With relatively simple and homogeneous composition, the ecosystem is less sustainable,
easily broken; in other words, it is an ecosystem that is not closed in material and
unbalanced cycle (Tran Duc Vien, 2004).
There are many different definitions of ecological agriculture, such as:
Ecological agriculture is a comprehensive production management system to promote
and strengthen ecosystems, rely on nature and minimize the use of external inputs (REAP –
Canada, 2003).


8
Ecological agriculture is a production system that maintains soil health, ecosystems
and people. It depends on the ecological process and the cycles suitable for each local
condition. Ecological agriculture combines both traditional and modern methods as well as
science to benefit the environment and improve equality and good quality of life for all

relevant departments (IFOAM, 2008).
Agricultural ecology is a form of agricultural production healthy food and healthy for
today and tomorrow, by protecting soil, water and climate, end promote biodiversity and do not
pollute the environment with chemical inputs or genetic engineering (Reyes Tirado, 2009).
Ecological agriculture is a form of agricultural production that uses ecological theory
to research, design, manage and evaluate agricultural systems to achieve productivity and
ensure maintain, regenerate resources and achieve balance of agricultural ecosystems
(Oosterveer. P, 2012).
From the concepts of different authors, the PhD student has introduced the concept of
application in the thesis: Ecological agriculture is an integrated agricultural system
harmonizes agricultural production with use of resources efficient, to protect the
environmental, enhance relationships equality and good quality of life for participants.
Benefits and operational principles of agricultural production associated with ecological
agriculture
- Benefits: Agricultural production associated with ecological agriculture help
increasing the quality of the soil, creating humus, increasing soil shrinkage, preventing soil
erosion, maximizing the usefulness of soil; Reducing the use of fossil fuels, replacing them
with renewable energies such as water, wind, solar and biogas; Making plant system
healthy, resistant to many diseases, taking advantage of local fertilizer; Enhancing the
supply of animal feed from by-products of the crop sector; Creating safe food and has a
nutritious ingredient for humans; Contributes to increasing resilience to climate change and
contributing to the protection of resources.
- Principles: Agricultural production associated with ecological agriculture develops
upland on the models of natural ecosystems; Maintain biodiversity; Preserve and develop
varieties adapted to local conditions; encourage biological methods in pest control and plant
pollination; Increasing soil fertility in the long term; Create local sustainable nutrition and
carbon cycles; Strengthening the various components of eco-agricultural farming systems
(water conservation, nitrogen fixation, mineral cycle, soil organic matter); Consider the
long-term social and ecological impact when developing and applying new technologies.

9
Factors affecting agricultural development in the direction of ecological agriculture
In this section, presenting factors affecting the development of agriculture in the
direction of agricultural human resources such as geographic location, natural factors and
natural resources (terrain, soil, water, climate, organisms) and human socio-economic
factors (agricultural policies, population, labor, markets, science and technology,
infrastructure, technical facilities and services of agriculture, capital, linkages in
agriculture , agricultural extension, indigenous knowledge). The policy factor is the key to
initiate and shape the development of the agricultural human resources models, while the
market has a production-oriented role, capital and science and technology factors facilitate
the selection of production techniques. appropriate production, overcome difficulties and
provide technical support for efficient production, agricultural services to ensure the
maintenance of eco-stable and efficient production processes, linking agricultural
agriculture to for agricultural development in the direction of commodity production and
increase the value of agricultural products.
Criteria for assessing agricultural development in the direction of eco-agriculture
This section presents the qualitative and quantitative indicators used in the case study
of agricultural development towards ecological agriculture for rice, fruit trees, vegetables
and beef cattle.
1.3. Practical basis for agricultural development towards eco-agriculture
Agricultural development towards eco-agriculture in some countries around the world
Experience from Israel: In the context of limited land and water resources for
agriculture, the success of of eco-agriculture in Israel is based on the policy of high-tech
application to agricultural production, the investment and research and development policy
for agricultural production.
Experience of China: China has developed ecological agriculture has developed
based on the reuse of material resources in mixed farming, cultivation, animal
husbandry, agricultural product processing and tourism. Ecological agriculture is
implemented in Western China, emphasizing the increase in land use coefficients,

improving the efficiency of energy input from photosynthesis, and placing energy
measures into agricultural ecosystems.
Experience of Thailand: The Thai Government encourages and supports the
establishment of research centers and the application of scientific and technological
advances in agriculture, with special emphasis on the conversion of dominant and
appropriate plant and animal breeds suitable for each region. Persistently propagandize and
mobilize people to learn and improve their knowledge and skills in agricultural production.


10
Agricultural development in the direction of eco-agriculture in Vietnam
In the history of Vietnam's agricultural development, ecological cultivation has existed
for a long time. Vietnamese farmers already know how to apply the systems of rotational
cultivation, multi-cultivation, intercropping, intercropping, and combined farming.
From the 90s of the twentieth century, the model of eco-economic village developed in
different ecological regions, from the midland of the Northern mountainous region, the Red
River delta's lowland to the Central coastal sandy area. The model of eco-economic village
has contributed to the rational use of agricultural resources, hunger eradication, poverty
reduction and improving the quality of life for farmers, protection of the ecological
environment and creation of a green-clean landscape, healthy and safe society.
Vietnam's agriculture sector in the first decade of the twenty-first century has had
many changes in production methods, strongly applying science and technology to
agricultural production; Many new agricultural production models have been applied and
developed such as hydroponic agriculture, organic agriculture, and hi-tech agriculture.
In the South Central region, agriculture has developed in the direction of commodity
production,

high

technology

application,

productivity,

quality,

efficiency

and

competitiveness, environmentally friendly, linking production with processing, with
domestic and export markets. Some typical cases in Quang Nam and Ninh Thuan provinces.
Lessons learned in agricultural development oriented to agriculture from the rest of the
world, in Vietnam, in the South Central region suggest the application of agricultural
development in the direction of agriculture for practical use in Quang Ngai province.


11
CHAPTER 2
FACTORS AFFECTING THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN
QUANG NGAI TOWARDS ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
2.1. Geographic location
In this section, the geographical features of Quang Ngai province are presented,
affecting the formation of the innate characteristics and development advantages. The
province's geographical location is favorable for agricultural development in the direction of
diversified agricultural agriculture, in the condition of transferring scientific and
technological achievements, approaching the consumer market.
2.2. Natural factors
Topography: The common feature of Quang Ngai topography is the mountains

encroaching on the sea, the terrain is transitioning from the high mountainous terrain in the
West to the coastal plain in the East. Each terrain area is suitable for the group of plants and
animals and the techniques, methods of farming and tending different agriculture towards
ecological agriculture. However, mountainous topographic conditions promote soil erosion,
on the other hand in low-lying plains prone to flooding.
Land resources: Quang Ngai area is 515,786 hectares of natural land. In which, there
are 9 main groups of soil with 27 different types, with a total area of 485,950 ha, accounting
for 94.26% of the natural land area. The variety of soil types facilitates diversification in
cultivation. Quang Ngai soil quality is relatively fertile, not yet polluted, this is a great
potential for agricultural production. However, in some localities, especially in the
mountainous midlands, the soil has become faded.
Climate: Quang Ngai's climate is typical tropical, the base temperature is high and less
volatile, light mode, rainfall, humidity, abundant wind mode are favorable to diversify crops
and livestock, diversify agricultural production in localities from mountainous areas through
plains to islands. However, Quang Ngai has suffered from many natural disasters.
Water: Water is supplied mainly from surface water of Thach Nham irrigation canal
system and lakes, rivers and streams and 121 reservoirs, 454 spillways in the province. The
quality of surface water is generally ensured for the development of agriculture and
agriculture in the direction of the agriculture of agriculture in Quang Ngai.
Groundwater reserves are relatively poor but of good quality, and can be exploited on
a small scale for daily life and cultivation and husbandry activities.
However, in the dry season, droughts, irrigation water and saltwater intrusion often
occur in estuarine and coastal areas.


12
Biodiversity: Biodiversity is being seriously reduced. Tropical rainforest with many
forest types. However, deforestation for many years has reduced the quality and area of
forests, affecting wildlife habitats. The development of agroforestry model will be very
effective both socially and economically.

2.3. Socio-economic factors
Agricultural policy
Agricultural policies that encourage agricultural development in the direction of ecoagriculture must include Strategy for Agriculture and Rural development in the period of
2011-2020, The scheme of Restructuring the Agricultural sector towards increasing added
value and sustainable development, Policies to encourage cooperation, link production with
consumption of agricultural products, schemes and projects on development of clean
agricultural production areas and agricultural restructuring in Quang Ngai province.
Population, labor
Population: The population of Quang Ngai Province in 2017 was 1,263,572 people.
Ethnic group: Kinh ethnic group accounts for 86.7%; ethnic minority 13.3%. Ethnic
minorities include the Kor, the CaDong and the Hre ethnic minorities with different cultural
and farming characteristics that have created a diversity of agricultural production
knowledge. This is the factor that sustains the diversity of indigenous agriculture.
Labor resources: In 2017, the labor force was 756.8 thousand people, accounting for
61.1% of the provincial population, an average of about 5.3 thousand people entering the
working age each year. In the labor structure, the labor force of agriculture, forestry and
fishery is 372.6 thousand people, accounting for 49.2% of the total labor force of the
province. In agriculture, forestry and fisheries, labor in agriculture accounts for the majority.
The proportion of trained agricultural labor has increased access to production resources,
ability to capture markets, increase the efficiency of implementing policies and apply
scientific and technological advances.
Market
Internal market: has the most important role for the province's agriculture, providing
food for the population of nearly 1.3 million people, diverse needs and increasing
purchasing power, at the same time due to the developing industrial parks, tourists and
processing industries.


13
Out-of-province market: Agricultural products of Quang Ngai province are consumed in

markets in the South Central Coast and Central Highlands. The main export market is China.
Science and technology: Technology for breeding and restoring plants is being
developed. Promote mechanization in production. Gradually apply clean agricultural models
applying high technology.
Infrastructure, material and technical facilities
Infrastructure:
The transportation system is relatively complete, full of various types and means of
operation, especially recently, rural transport has been greatly improved.
Electricity system: from the national grid system and hydroelectric plants in the
province. The electricity system is widely and stably distributed.
Information and communication system: The radio and television coverage is diversified
in content and rich in form; Cell phone signal is available throughout the province.
Technical facilities and agricultural services
Irrigation infrastructure: Quang Ngai has 717 irrigation works to serve agricultural
production (122 reservoirs; 459 spillways, 06 dams to prevent salinity and 130 pumping
stations). These projects have ensured 59167.6 ha of irrigation, meeting 74% of actual local
production needs.
Quang Ngai has research centers for seeds under the Department of Agriculture and
Rural Development, Department of Science and Technology, and a system of agricultural
material trading facilities, stations, hatcheries, warehouses and storage of agricultural
products. However, these facilities are small in scale, so they do not meet the need to
provide bulk supplies, as well as storage and storage of agricultural products.
Agricultural processing industry: In addition to 2 factories processing tapioca starch
(Tinh Phong, Son Hai) and Bio-ethanol Dung Quat biofuel plant, Pho Phong Sugar factory,
in general, agricultural processing industry small scale.
Capital sources: Agriculture in the direction of eco-agriculture has attracted investors.
Quang Ngai has 20 investment projects for safe agriculture with a total capital of of VND
193.8 billion.
The links in agriculture: The "four houses" linkage has been strengthened, the role of
the "houses" has been well implemented and brought about high efficiency for agricultural

production in the direction of eco-agriculture.


14
Agricultural extension: Agricultural extension has implemented many successful
models. From theoretical training models of production techniques to practical models of
ecological agriculture.
Indigenous Knowledge: The diversity of indigenous knowledge has helped develop
eco-agricultural production.
2.4. Overall evaluation
Advantages and opportunities: The local labor force is suitable for the development of
ecological agriculture. Agricultural product consumption market of eco-agriculture is
increasingly expanding. Access to science and technology. Guidelines and policies of the
Party and the State give priority to and encourage the development of eco-agriculture.
Highly qualified human resources for ecological agriculture development.
Difficulties

and

challenges:

Environmental

change,

biodiversity

decline,

environmental degradation, disease prevention, and initiative in water resources.

Consumption level, practices and standard of living, underdeveloped post-harvest and
consumption technologies, technical and managerial qualifications, and a sense of
responsibility of agricultural workers are still low compared to requirements. development
demand for human resources.


15
CHAPTER 3
CURRENT SITUATION OF QUANG NGAI AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
TOWARDS ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IN PERIOD OF 2010-2017
3.1. Current situation of quang ngai agriculture development
Agriculture still plays an important role in the economic structure of Quang Ngai
province. In particular, the structure of agricultural production value accounted for the
largest proportion and tended to decrease with 64.5% (2010) down to 56% (2017).
The average growth rate of agricultural production value is 3.8% / year. The scale of
agricultural industry is increasing, the value of production value in 2017 is 1.9 times higher
than that of 2010. The structure of agriculture in Quang Ngai has shifted in a positive
direction, in line with market trends.
In the structure of agricultural land, agricultural land accounted for 26.4% (2010)
increased to 39.3% (2017). The volatility of land area has a direct impact on the crop industry.
The cultivation industry has an average growth rate of 3.1% / year (2010-2017).
Production value of cultivation accounts for 58.6% of agricultural production value (2017).
Breeding industry: In the 2010-2017 period, the average growth rate of production
value of the husbandry industry will reach 4.7% / year. The production value structure of
animal husbandry accounts for 35.7% of the agricultural production value (2017).
Some forms of agricultural production organization in Quang Ngai province
There are 6 forms: production households, farms, cooperative groups, cooperatives,
agricultural enterprises, specialized farming areas.
Agro-ecological sub-regions
This section presents the characteristics and strengths of the development and

distribution of agriculture towards the direction of agriculture in the three agro-ecological
sub-regions. Ecological sub-region 1 (Plains, islands), Ecological sub-region 2 (Midland),
Ecological sub-region 3 (Mountain region).
3.2. Assess the situation of agricultural development in Quang Ngai towards ecological
agriculture
Some typical research models of Quang Ngai agriculture development in the
direction of ecological agriculture
Model of a large field (rice) in Duc Thang commune, Mo Duc district
Fruit tree planting model in Dong Truc Lam village, Hanh Nhan commune, Nghia
Hanh district, Nghia Hanh district


16
Model of vegetable production in Sung Tuc hamlet, Nghia Ha commune, Quang Ngai
city Model of raising beef cattle in Nghia Hanh district
Evaluating the typical research model of Quang Ngai agriculture development in the
direction of ecological agriculture:
The development of models brings several benefits such as: Changing farming
practices that abuse chemical substances. The increased adoption of mechanization in largescale models has brought about high efficiency in cost savings and reduced production
losses and freed labor for workers. Provide safe agricultural products on the market. Change
production thinking towards meeting the needs of safe agricultural products of consumers.
Providing environmental ecological services. The models bring about economic efficiency,
improving people's lives, helping to reduce poverty.
These models have brought about many economic, social and environmental effects.
However, their development also encountered many difficulties. Some of the major
difficulties are: Branding and market access issues. Small farmer thinking is difficult to
change and embarrassing in accessing commodity markets. Lack of production land and
investment capital for agricultural production of agricultural products. The issue of plant
varieties and animal breeds has not been paid much attention by the research centers.
Infrastructure systems (electricity and warehouse systems in agricultural production areas of

agriculture and rural areas) are still limited. People applying techniques and processes of
care in the direction of agriculture-based people are still very confused. Inability to control
disease in livestock. Application of high technology in agricultural production has resulted
in large investments and technology transfer, causing difficulties for expansion.
3.3. Assessing the achieved results of Quang Ngai agriculture development in the
direction of eco-agriculture
The results achieved:
Creating a number of quality agricultural products on the market;
Farmers' life is stable, developing supplementary income in agriculture;
Providing ecological services to the environment and people.
Advantages and difficulties in developing Quang Ngai agriculture towards ecological
agriculture
Advantages
- Using plant varieties suitable to ecological conditions and climate change.
- Increasing the use of ecological technologies and techniques in production;
Strengthen the application of new farming techniques to cope with climate change and
epidemics; Applying reasonable mechanization and application of information technology electronics and telecommunications in production is increasingly focused.


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- Producers use a variety of methods of crop rotation, intercropping and crop
diversification. Experienced in using organic fertilizer, and used in combination with the
addition of micronutrients N, P, K in cultivation.
- Most of the land area and water resources are of good quality to ensure agricultural
development towards ecological agriculture.
- The policy of land consolidation, exchange of crop structure and crop varieties has
been actively implemented and brought about high efficiency.
- Cooperating in the production, processing and consumption of products It has been
implemented on a number of products such as sugarcane and cassava and tends to increase
and expand to rice and other crops.

- More and more businesses are interested in and are attracted by safe livestock
projects, safe vegetable cultivation, medicinal plants, and organic rice.
- Relocating breeding areas away from residential areas, carrying out well the
sanitation of husbandry environment and preventing epidemics.
Disadvantages
- Farming areas are far from irrigation works which often lack water.
- Small producers still do not have access to the market for microbiological fertilizers,
organic fertilizers and microbial products.
- Lack of production land for small farming households; difficulties in transferring
arable land to agricultural enterprises.
- Access to and participation in agricultural production chains towards ecological
agriculture of producers is limited. Therefore, producers do not have access to the
consumer market.
- Modeling of agricultural products towards ecological agriculture has not met and
attracted the needs and tastes of consumers.
- Activities of agricultural territorial forms in production development towards ecoagriculture are still small and not really effective, lacking in direction.
- Research on technical development and technology application in agricultural project
models in the direction of eco-agriculture is not yet popular.
- Research to support the development of models has not been conducted
throughout, leading to the failure of models, or successful models that are not
encouraged to be replicated.
- Most of the farming households are small-scale and fragmented, making it
difficult to concentrate the area for agricultural production in the direction of ecoagriculture. The awareness of producers about agriculture in the direction of ecoagriculture is limited, so organizing production to meet the strict regulations of food
safety standards is a big challenge.


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CHAPTER 4
ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR QUANG NGAI AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS ECOLOGICAL AGRICUTURE

4.1. Basis for orienting and proposing solutions to develop agriculture in Quang Ngai
towards ecological agricuture
International and domestic context
- Impacts of the market and regulations on agricultural standards of international
markets: To meet consumer demand, producers are required to ensure the quality and safety
of their products. produce. The above requirements are marketed by certifications (organic
agriculture, GAP, ISO 14001, traceability certificates ...).
- Impacts of climate change on agricultural development: The impact of climate
change on agriculture can be devastating in many areas, these effects are exacerbated by
temperature. increased and more extreme climate. Climate change has profound
implications for agriculture and unevenly affects the poor. These problems have put
agriculture in a state of no way out. It requires us to have the knowledge and technology to
do agriculture in a different way.
- Impacts of agricultural development destroying resources
Due to increasingly strict regulations on the quality of agricultural products in the
commercial market, the agricultural sector is increasingly concerned with quality factors
and food hygiene and safety, towards a clean agriculture. The agriculture sector, from its
immediate interests, has focused on the long-term and sustainable development.
Policies and institutions on rural development of the Party and the State on agricultural
development towards ecological agriculture
The guidelines and policies of the Party and State of Vietnam as well as in Quang Ngai
have identified the important contents in the development of agricultural human resources:
"Accelerating the restructuring of agriculture, building ecological agriculture. overview".
4.2. Viewpoints, objectives and orientations for agricultural development in Quang
Ngai in the direction of eco-agriculture to 2025 and vision to 2030
Viewpoint
- Developing Quang Ngai agriculture towards commodity production, ensuring good
practices (VietGAP, organic agriculture)
- Developing agricultural and natural agricultural products

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- Build and development agricultural products with geographical indications
Objectives
General objective: Agricultural development of Quang Ngai focuses on maximizing
the advantages of agricultural resources; Ensure stable growth, improve efficiency and
competitiveness through increased productivity, quality and added value; better meet the
needs and tastes of domestic consumers and boost exports; Improve income and living
standards for rural residents, ensure both immediate and long-term food security, contribute
to hunger eradication and poverty alleviation; Strengthen the management of natural
resources, minimize other negative impacts on the environment, improve risk management
capacity, and proactively prevent natural disasters and epidemics.
Specific objectives
- Build a region specializing in the production of high-quality commodity rice.
- Building concentrated maize growing areas in alluvial grounds and soil along rivers and
streams. Strengthen the application of rotation and intercropping of other short-day crops.
- Developing raw material areas for processing industries such as cassava, sugarcane
and peanut.
- Expand the area and production techniques of good agricultural practices for
vegetables, beans and food crops.
- Establish safe vegetable production areas (including over 100 hectares of VietGAP
certified vegetables) concentrated in alluvial areas along large rivers.
- Develop safe fruit production areas in association with VietGAP standards on hilly
land in mountainous areas.
- Focus on researching on garlic production towards environmental sustainability
(water saving, soil conservation); building geographical indications for cinnamon - native
tree of Kor ethnic people; attaching importance to restoring and developing Minh Long
clean tea region; to develop medicinal plants under the forest canopy and specialty trees in
the mountains (Siamese chili, vegetables, bitter melon) into concentrated production areas
with a large volume of goods.

- Focus on developing VA06 grasses and hybrid grasses to feed cattle.
- Beef cattle, identified as key industry. Cattle and buffalo herds have been developed
and distributed more in line with ecological conditions and help reduce poverty in
mountainous areas. Pig herds meet commodity production with the development of lean


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pigs towards food safety standards. Poultry population has rapidly increased to meet the
growing and popular demand of this industry. At the same time, focusing on developing
special breeding products such as: "Kieng Sat pig", " H’re chicken " and other special
breeding products of each locality.
Orientation
Development orientation by product group
- Pork, poultry ensure food safety.
- Focusing on developing high quality rice, organic rice, safe vegetables and beef cattle.
- The product group is a local specialty (Ly Son garlic, cinnamon Tra Bong, Tea Minh
Long, Kieng Sắt pig, H're chicken and other special products of each locality)
Development orientation by industry
- Crop industry: Group of raw materials for processing industry: Focusing on
investment in developing material areas (cassava, sugarcane) to supply raw materials for
above-mentioned processing plants. the province towards increasing value added and
sustainable development; Special tree group: focusing on developing the brand of Ly Son
garlic and Tra Bong cinnamon to become the main specialty goods; Diverse and attractive
products attract domestic and international markets, creating high added value.
- Livestock industry: Focusing on developing beef cattle raising in the delta, raising
buffaloes in the direction of meat in mountainous areas, developing pig herds towards lean
and raising poultry in the direction of biosecurity to provide products. According to
consumer demand in Quang Ngai and Vietnam. Give priority to developing husbandry at
farm and family scale; Limiting small-scale animal husbandry in households; Associate
livestock development with environmental protection.

Developing process industry, promoting product consumption
Development orientations according to regions
Mountainous area: devoloping sugarcane, raw cassava and medicinal plants under the
forest canopy; develop buffalo meat, domestic animals, specialty crops.
Delta region: developing areas producing high-quality rice and organic rice; safe
vegetables, peanuts, fruit trees. Developing specialty agricultural products according to local
advantages. To develop husbandry and cultivation with a focus on high-tech applications
along the value chain, and to build safe livestock production areas.
Island area: developing Ly Son garlic in association with developing eco-tourism.


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4.3. Solutions to develop Quang Ngai agriculture along the direction of eco-agriculture
Develop, implement and effectively implement policies and institutions to support
agricultural development towards eco-agriculture
Application of scientific and technical advances to support agricultural production
towards eco-agriculture
Strengthen agricultural extension in the deployment and learning of agricultural
farming models and techniques in the direction of eco-agriculture
Organize the monitoring and coordination of agricultural production in the direction of
eco-agriculture
Strengthening infrastructure, material and technical
Enhancing the role of farmer organizations (Cooperative groups, cooperatives)
Strengthen management and use of natural resources in eco-agricultural production
Strengthen the application of indigenous knowledge with scientific advances in
agricultural production
Develop safe agricultural market and trade information page


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CONCLUSION
1. Agricultural development in the direction of agricultural agriculture is an inevitable
and objective trend of agricultural development in the future. Most countries in the world
have had a shift to agriculture towards agriculture in order to protect production resources,
adapt to climate change, bring safe food sources, stabilize the lives of the poor and protect
the poor. environmental protection. In Vietnam, agricultural production in the direction of
eco-culture has been increasingly focused, generally consistent with the general trend.
Develop products suitable for local ecological characteristics. In the specially developed
areas in the urban areas, mainly modern production organizations apply advanced
technologies to save water, reduce labor pressure, save labor force with organic production.
specialized in large-scale farming, model hydroponic vegetables. In rural areas,
underdeveloped and underdeveloped regions produce in a model close to nature, using and
respecting land and water in production; return it all into nature. Efficiency from
agricultural development towards the direction of eco-culture is shown through many socioeconomic indicators.
2. Quang Ngai has a favorable geographical location, diverse natural conditions,
potential socio-economic conditions. And which is diverse ecosystems; the local labor force
is suitable and is being focused on training; policies to prioritize and encourage the
development of agricultural products (at the provincial and central levels) are concerned;
Applied science and technology in accordance with development conditions; rich native
flora. This is an important basis for the development of agriculture in the direction of
agriculture. However, the process of agricultural cultivation in the direction of ecoagriculture still faces many obstacles, which is the fact that the market is not really dynamic;
the policy has not been implemented closely and effectively, the mechanisms and incentives
for agricultural development in the direction of agricultural agriculture are not clear; Labor
is not ready and difficult to receive the transition starting from awareness to good
agricultural practice production process; major difficulties in accessing capital sources and
technology transfer (net houses, net houses; economical irrigation technology; techniques in
processing and preserving agricultural products ...); natural conditions of the monsoon
tropics with many diseases and pests, together with unusual and extreme changes in weather
and natural disasters.