Tội cướp tài sản trong luật Hình sự Việt Nam

NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI

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ThS. PHAM VAN BAU *

T

rong luat hinh sir Viet Nam, tdi cudp tai

nhdm... " la dau hieu bat budc phai cd d tat

san la mdt trong cac tdi xam pham sd

ca cac hanh vi khach quan dugc quy -dinh

hiiu CO tinh chiem doat dugc quy dinh va xet

trong dieu luat la "dimg vii luc", "de doa

xu theo luat hinh su kha sdm,^'^ hien nay tdi

dimg vii luc ngay tiic khac" va "hanh vi

cudp tai san dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 133

khac" hay chi bat budc phai cd d dang hanh

BLHS nam 1999 (sau day gpi tit la BLHS).

vi khach quan la "hanh vi khac"? Trong

Tuy dugc quy dinh va xet xir sdm nhu vay

khoa hpc luat hinh sir Viet Nam hien nay cd

nhung trong li luan va thuc tien van cdn cd

cac nhdm y kien sau:

su nhan thiic khac nhau ve hanh vi khach

Y kien thii nhat cho rang: Dau hieu "Idm

quan ciia tdi pham nay dupe quy dinh trong

cho ngudi bi tdn cdng Idm vdo tinh trgng

luat, CO quan cd tham quyen ciing khdng kip

khdng the chdng cu duoc nhdm... " chi ddi

thdi ban hanh van ban giai thich quy dinh

hoi phai cd d dang hanh vi thii ba la "hanh vi

cua luat, viec cd cac each hieu khac nhau ve

khac" ma khdng ddi hdi phai cd d hanh vi

quy dinh cua luat, nhat la ciia nhirng ngudi

"dung vii luc" va "de doa dimg vii lire ngay

lam cdng tac ap dung phap luat trong cac co

tire khic" P

quan tien hanh td tung se lam cho cong tac

Y kien thii hai cho rang: Dau hieu "Idm

ap dung phap luat hinh sir trong thuc tien

cho ngudi bi tdn cdng Idm vdo tinh trgng

thieu chinh xac va khdng thdng nhat, lam

khdng the chdng cu duoc nhdm..." la hau

giam chat lugng xet xir. Bai viet nay tiep tuc

qua bat budc ddi vdi tat ca cac nhdm hanh vi

trao ddi va neu ra y kien cua ca nhan ve hanh

di lien trude dd da dugc md ta trong dieu

vi khach quan cua tdi cudp tai san dugc quy

luat.^^^ Theo y kien nay, dii la hanh vi "dimg

dinh tai Dilu 133 BLHS.

vii luc", hay "de doa dung vii luc ngay tiic

•

Dilu 133 BLHS quy dinh: "Ngudi ndo

khac" hay "hanh vi khac" deu phai lam cho

dimg vu luc, de dog dung vii luc ngay tire

ngudi bi tan cdng lam vao tinh trang khdng

khdc hoac cd hdnh vi khdc Idm cho ngudi bi

the chdng cu dugc nham chiem doat tai san

tdn cdng lam vdo tinh trgng khdng the chdng

mdi dugc coi la hanh vi khach quan cua tdi

cu duoc nhdm chiem dogt tdi sdn,..." .

cudp tai san va trong su ket hgp vdi cac diu

Theo quy dinh tren, cau hdi dat ra la dau
hieu "Idm cho ngudi bi tdn cdng lam vdo
tinh

trgng khdng

the chdng

TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 10/2010

cu

duoc

* Giang vien chinh Khoa luat hinh sir
Truong Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi

NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO DOI

hieu khac nhu loi, chu thi tdi pham dugc coi

cudp tai san nhu tdi cudng doat tai san, tdi

la hoan thanh. Nlu cac hanh vi "dung vii

cudp giat tai san, tdi cdng nhien chiem doat

lire", "de doa dung vii luc ngay tiic khic"

tai san thi hieu hanh vi pham tdi cua tdi

hoac "hanh vi khac" khdng lam ngudi bi tin

cudp tai san theo quy dinh ciia Dieu 133

cdng lam vao tinh trang khdng thi chdng cu

BLHS nhu y kien thii hai la chinh xac. "...

dugc nhim chilm doat tai san thi day la

dung vU luc, de dog diing vii luc ngay ticc

trudng hgp pham tdi chua dat.

khdc hoac co hdnh vi khdc" la ba dang hanh

Y kien thii ba cho ring: Ddi vdi nhdm

vi khach quan cua tdi cudp tai san va ba

hanh vi "dung vu luc" thi khdng bit budc

dang hanh vi nay cd diem chung (hau qua

phai gay ra hau qua "Idm cho ngudi bi tdn

chung) la "lam cho ngudi bi tdn cdng Idm

cdng Idm vdo tinh trgng khdng thi chdng cu

vdo tinh trgng khdng the chdng cu duoc

duoc nhdm..." cdn ddi vdi hai nhdm hanh

(nhung vdi cac bieu hien cu thi khac nhau

vi "de doa dung vii luc ngay tiic khic hoac

tiiy thupc vao hanh vi thuc te) nhdm chiim

cd hanh vi khac" thi bit budc phai gay ra

dogt tdi sdn" .

i,

hau qua la "Idm cho ngudi bi tdn cdng Idm

- Ddi vdi hanh vi "diing vii luc Idm cho

vdo tinh trgng khdng the chdng cu duoc

ngudi bi tdn cdng lam vdo tinh trgng khdng

nhdm..."

mdi dugc coi la hanh vi khach

the chdng cu duoc nhdm chiem dogt tdi

quan cua tdi cudp tai san va tdi pham dupe

sdn": Theo each bieu phd bien hien nay

coi la hoan thanh.^'*^ Sd dl cd cac each bilu

"duoc hieu Id hdnh vi diing sue mgnh vat

khac nhau tren day ca trong li luan va thue

chdt (cd hoac khdng sic dung cdng cu,

tien la do cac co quan nha nude cd tham

phuong tien phgm tdi nhu dao, sung... trg

quyen chua kip thdi tdng ket va cd hudng

giup) tdc dong den thdn the ngudi hi tdn

din mot each day du ve cac hanh vi dugc

cdng (thudng Id ngudi chu tdi sdn hoac

coi la hanh vi pham tdi ciia tdi cudp tai san

ngudi cd trdch nhiem qudn li, bdo ve tdi

ma mdi chi cd mdt sd hudng dan cd tinh

sdn) Idm cho ngudi bi tdn cdng lam vdo

chat cap bach mdt sd vin de cu the cua tdi

tinh trgng khdng the chdng cu duoc nhdm...

pham nay ma thuc tien xet xir dat ra trong

Bdng hdnh vi tdn cdng nhu vay, ngudi

hdi nghi tdng ket cdng tac cua nganh toa an.

phgm tdi khdng chi nhdm (mong mudn) md

Quy dinh cua dieu luat ciing chua that sir rd

tren thuc te thudng dd lam te liet su chdng

rang nen mdt dilu luat cd the cd nhieu each

cu cua ngudi bi tdn cdng, Idm cho khd ndng

bilu khac nhau nhu tren.

thuc te cua su chdng cu khdng the xdy ra

Theo chiing tdi, tir quy dinh ciia Dieu

hoac Idm cho ngudi bi tdn cdng bi te liet ve

133 BLHS va dat trong mdi lien he vdi mdt

y chi, khdng ddm khdng cu" .'^^ Vi du: lam

sd tdi xam pham sd hiiu cd tinh chiem doat

cho ngudi bi tan cdng bi thuong tich, bi trdi

khac cd tinh chit cdng khai, gin gui vdi tdi

lai, bi nhdt lai tham chi bi giet chet nham
TAP CHi

LUAT HOC SO

10/2010

NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI

chilm doat tai san. Khi ngudi bi tin cdng da

bi tdn cdng khdng the khdng cu dugc, nhu

(bi trdi, bi thuong, bi chit, bi tudc tu do...)

ddnh, chem, bdn, trdi... ".^^^ Theo dinh

nhu vay chinh la hp da "lam vdo tinh trgng

nghia nay, lam cho ngudi bi tin cdng lam

khdng the chdng cu duoc " ma dilu luat quy

vao tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc la

dinh. Day la diu hieu cho phep phan biet

dau hieu bat budc ciia tdi cudp tai san.

hanh vi dung vii luc trong \o\ cudp tai san

- Ddi vdi hanh vi "de dog diing vU luc

CO tinh chat nguy hiem cao so vdi hanh vi

ngay ticc khdc Idm cho ngudi bi tdn cdng

dung vii lire nhung ngudi cd hanh vi khdng

Idm vdo tinh trgng khdng the chdng cu

nhim "duong diu" va ciing khdng lam te

dugc nhdm chiem dogt tdi sdn" theo each

liet y chi ciia ngudi bi tan cdng ma chi de

hieu phd bien hien nay la trudng hgp ngudi

dl dang thuc hien hanh vi chiem doat tai

pham tdi khdng dung vu luc nhu tren ma

san mdt each nhanh chdng trong tdi cudp

bang ldi de doa (dpa giet chet, dpa gay

giat tai san (Dieu 136 BLHS) nhu danh vao

thuong tich hoac tdn hai siic khoe) hoac cir

tay cho rdi tai san rdi nhanh chdng chiem

chi (di dao, siing vao ngudi) hoac va

doat, xd nga ngudi khac rdi nhanh chdng

thudng la ket hgp ca hai (cd ldi ndi, cir chi

chiem doat tai san va nhanh chdng tau

de doa va kem theo cdng cu, phuong tien

thoat. Vi vay neu hanh vi dung vii lire ma

trg giup) dpa se dung vii luc ngay tiic khac

khdng lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng lam vao

neu ngudi bi tan cdng (ngudi chii tai san,

tinh trang khdng the chong cir dugc, "khdng

ngudi quan li tai san, ngudi than cua ngudi

den mice Idm te liet y chi phdn khdng cua

chii tai san...) chdng cu lai. Bang hanh vi

ngn nhdn hoac Idm cho su phdn

khdng

de dpa, vi du: dpa dam, chem hay ban chet

khdng the xdy ra nhdm chiem dogt tdi sdn"

ngay... nhu vay, ngudi pham tdi (mong

nhu dinh (mong mudn) danh, ban, chem...

mudn) va thuc te thudng da khdng che

bi thuong ngudi khac nham chiem doat tai

dugc y chi cua ngudi bi tan cdng, lam cho

san cua hp nhung lai ban chech hoac bi

ngudi bi tan cdng bi te liet y chi khang cu,

ngudi nay tranh dugc va ngan chan "hay

ngudi bi tan cdng sg bi giet chet ngay, sg

chdng lai dugc va cung khdng chiem doat

bi gay thuong tich ngay hoac sg qua ma bi

dugc tai san la trudng hgp pham tdi chua

ngat, bi chet nen khdng cd dieu kien khang

dat. Td trinh ve hai du thao Phap lenh ngay

cu lai. Khi da lam te liet y chi khang cu

19/10/1970 ciia TANDTC,

VKSNDTC,

hoac lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng bi ngat, bi

BCA giri Uy ban thudng vu Qude hdi ciing

chet nhu vay, tdi cudp tai san dugc coi la

cd viet: "Cudp Id dung bgo luc de chiem

hoan thanh. Va khi ngudi bi tan cdng

dogt, dung bgo luc (nay la diing vU luc) Id

khdng cd dieu kien de chdng cu nhu vay

diing sice mgnh vat chdt gdy nguy hiem din

chinh la hp da "lam vdo tinh trgng khdng

tinh mgng, siic khoe hay Id Idm cho ngudi

the chdng cu dugc " ma dieu luat cd ndi tdi

TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 10/2010

NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO DOI

va day cung la diu hieu quan trpng cho

bi tdn cdng khdng the ngdn cdn dugc viec

phep phan biet hanh vi "de dog diing vU

chiem dogt. Do vdy, nhiing hdnh vi ndy

luc ngay tiec khdc" trong tdi cudp tai san

dugc coi Id co cung tinh chdt nhu hdnh vi

cd dau hieu nay vdi hanh vi "de dog se

diing vii luc vd hdnh vi de dog diing vii luc

diing VM luc" trong tdi cudng doat tai san

ngay tiec khdc. Chiing deu cd khd ndng de

khdng cd dau hieu nay ma chi cd kha nang

bep hoac Idm te liet su khdng cu vd dugc

khdng ehl y chi cua ngudi bi de dpa, ngudi

quy dinh la dgng hdnh vi khdch quan thii ba

bi de doa van cd dieu kien suy nghi, can

ciia tdi cudp tdi sdn".^^^ Vi du: Hanh vi dau

nhac de lira chpn viec chdng lai nlu muda

doe bang thude ngii, hanh vi dimg thudc gay

O tdi cudng doat tai san ngudi pham tdi

me, hanh vi dung rugu hoac chat kich thich

khdng nham (mong mudn) lam cho ngudi

khac dau ddc lam mat kha nang phan khang

bi de doa lam vao tinh trang khdng thi

cua ngudi bi tan cdng la nhiing trudng hgp

chdng cu dugc va thuc t l ngudi bi tin cdng

cu the ciia hanh vi khac ndi trong dieu luat.

ciing khdng bi te liet y chi - khdng lam vao

Ciing nhu cac hanh vi dung vii lire va hanh

tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc. Do

vi de doa dung vu luc ngay tiic khic, hanh

dd, neu hanh vi de doa dimg vii luc ngay

vi khac nay dii dudi hinh thiic cu the nao

tiic khac khdng lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng

ciing deu phai lam cho ngudi bi tan cong

lam vao tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc

lam vao tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc

nham... la trudng hgp pham tdi chua dat chii

nham... mdi thoa man dau hieu hanh vi

khdng the "chuyen xudng" tdi cudng doat tai

khach quan cua tdi cudp tai san va tdi pham

san nhu mdt sd y kien. Vi du: dung siing gia

dugc coi la hoan thanh. Cdn neu da cd hanh

dpa ban chet ngay nham... nhung ngudi bi

vi khac nao dd ma chua lam cho nan nhan

de doa nhan thiic dugc dd la siing gia va

lam vao tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc

chdng cu lai; hoac dpa dam, ban chet ngay

(vi du: da bd thudc me, thudc ddc... nhung

nham... nhung ngudi bi tan cdng do cd vd

nan nhan chua an, chua udng phai thudc

da gat dugc dao, sung vd hieu hoa va bat giii

me, thudc ddc dd hoac thudc Bde sir dung

dugc ke tan cdng.

de dau ddc la thudc gia nen ngudi bi tan

- Ddi vdi "hdnh vi khdc Idm cho ngudi

cdng tuy da udng nhung khdng bi lam vao

bi tdn cdng lam vdo tinh trgng khdng the

tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc va

chdng cu dugc nhdm chiem dogt tdi sdn"

ngudi pham tdi ciing chua chiem doat dugc

ciing theo each hieu phd bien hien nay dugc

tai san) thi phai coi day la trudng hgp pham

hieu la nhiing hanh vi "tuy khdng phdi la vii

tdi chua dat.^*^

luc ciing khdng phdi Id de dog dung vU luc

Theo quy dinh ciia Dilu 133 BLHS, tdi

ngay tiec khdc nhung Igi cd khd ndng nhu

cudp tai san dugc coi la hoan thanh khi

nhiing hdnh vi do, khd ndng Idm cho ngudi

ngudi pham tdi thuc hien mdt trong cac
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 10/2010


NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI

hanh vi: dung vii luc, de doa dimg vii lire
ngay tiic khic, hanh vi khac va da lam cho
ngudi bi tin cdng lam vao tinh trang khdng

the chong cu dugc nhim chilm doat tai san.
Viec ngudi pham tdi chilm doat dupe tai
san hay chua khdng phai la dau hieu bat
bupc cua tdi pham nay va ciing khdng phai
la dau hieu de xac dinh thdi diem hoan
thanh cua tdi cudp tai san.
Tir nhiing phan tich tren va can cii vao
quy dinh cua Dieu 133 BLHS can phai hieu
toi cudp tai san cd ba dang hanh vi khach
quan, dd la: 1) Hanh vi dung vii luc lam cho
ngudi bi tan cdng lam vao tinh trang khdng
the chdng cu dugc nham chiem doat tai san;
2) Hanh vi de doa dung vii lire ngay tiic
khac lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng lam vao
tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc nham
chiem doat tai san; 3) Hanh vi khac lam cho
ngudi bi tan cdng lam vao tinh trang khdng
the chong cu dugc nham chiem doat tai san.
Khdng the cho rang chi cd "hanh vi khac"
thi mdi ddi hdi "lam ngudi bi tan cdng lam
vao tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc"
con hanh vi "dung vii lire" va hanh vi "de
doa dung vii luc ngay tiic khac" thi khdng
doi hdi phai "lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng lam
vao tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc"
nhu y kien thii nhat. Ciing khdng the cho
rang chi cd hanh vi "de doa diing vii luc
ngay tiic khic" va "hanh vi khac" mdi ddi
hoi phai "lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng lam
vao tinh trang khdng thi chdng cu dugc"

cdn hanh vi "dimg vu luc" thi khdng ddi hdi
TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 10/2010

phai "lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng lam vao
tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc" nhu y
kien thii ba. Bdi vi theo quy dinh ciia Dieu
133 BLHS phai hieu cac hanh vi: dii la
diing vii lire hay de doa dung vii lire ngay
tiic khac hay la hanh vi khac thi cac hanh vi
nay deu phai dan den viec lam cho ngudi bi
tan cdng lam vao tinh trang khdng the
chdng cu dugc va viec thuc hien cac hanh
vi va gay ra hau qua dd la nham muc dich
chiem doat tai san, day la sir lien ket giiia
hanh vi va muc dich ciia hanh vi trong cau
thanh tdi pham co ban cua tdi cudp tai san
va cung la dau hieu cho phep phan biet tdi
cudp tai san va cac tdi pham khac cd hanh
vi khach quan gidng vdi hanh vi khach quan
ciia tdi cudp tai san nhung hanh vi dd dugc
thuc hien khdng nham muc dich chiem doat
tai san nen khdng phai la cudp tai san. Tir
"hoac" trong quy dinh ciia dieu luat dugc su
dung la de thay cho dau phay trong cau chii
khdng phai la su cat diit (hay pha bd) su
lien ket giiia hai nhdm hanh vi "dimg vii
luc, de doa dimg vii luc ngay tiic khac" vdi
dau hieu "lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng lam
vao tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc" va
do vay khdng phai chi cd "hanh vi khac"

mdi ddi hdi "lam cho ngudi bi tan cdng lam
vao tinh trang khdng the chdng cu dugc"
ma cac hanh vi "diing vii lire, de doa dung
vii luc ngay tiic khac" ciing ddi hdi "lam
cho ngudi bi tan cdng lam vao tinh trang
khdng the chdng cu dugc". Trong BLHS cd
nhieu tdi nha lam luat sir dung tir "hoac" de


NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI

thay cho dau phay trong cau tuong tu nhu d
tdi cudp tai san. Vi du. Tdi biic tir (Dilu
100 BLHS) quy dinh nhu sau: "Ngudi ndo
ddi xic tdn dc, thudng xuyen ice hiep, ngugc
ddi hoac lam nhuc ngudi le thudc minh Idm
ngudi do tie sdt". Theo quy dinh nay thi
phai hieu tat ca cac hanh vi "ddi xir tan ac",
"thudng xuyen lic hiep", "ngugc dai", "lam
nhuc" ngudi le thupc minh deu phai dan
den hau qua "lam ngudi dd tu sat" tu
"hoac" d day chi don thuan la thay cho dau
phay trong cau chii khdng phai dugc sir
dung de cat diit su lien ket giiia eac nhdm
hanh vi trude dd la hanh vi "ddi xir tan ac,
thudng xuyen lie hiep, ngugc dai" vdi hau
qua "lam ngudi dd tu sat" de cho rang chi
cd hanh vi "lam nhuc ngudi le thudc minh"
mdi ddi hdi "lam ngudi dd tu sat" cdn cac
hanh vi "ddi xir tan ac, thudng xuyen lie

hiep, ngugc dai ngudi le thudc minh" thi
khdng ddi hdi "lam ngudi dd tu sat" .
Cling can chii y la: Khdng phai khi nao
hanh vi "dung vii lire", "de doa dimg vii lire
ngay tiic khac" hoac "hanh vi khac" ciing
ludn dan den hau qua la "lam cho ngudi bi
tan cdng lam vao tinh trang khdng thi chdng
cu dugc" (trong thuc tl do tinh chit nguy
hiem ciia hanh vi thudng ngudi bi tin cdng
da lam vao tinh trang khdng thi chdng cu
dugc). Bdi vi, viec ngudi bi tin cdng cd thi
"lam vao tinh trang khdng thi chdng cu
dugc" hay khdng lam vao tinh trang dd la
phai can eii vao tinh chit va kha nang nguy
hiem cua hanh vi thuc tl, vao hoan canh xay

ra hanh vi va vao kha nang chdng cu lai cua
ngudi bi tin cdng va cac nguyen nhan
khac... Viec ngudi bi tin cdng cd chdng cu
dugc hay khdng la nim ngoai y thiic chu
quan cua ngudi pham tdi. Khi ngudi bi tan
cdng khdng bi lam vao tinh trang khdng the
chdng cu dugc thi mong mudn "lam cho
ngudi bi tan cdng lam vao tinh trang khdng
the chdng cu dugc nham..." cua ngudi pham
tdi chua dat dugc, day chinh la trudng hgp
"cd y thuc hien tdi pham nhung khong thuc
hien dugc den cimg vi nhiing nguyen nhan
ngoai y mudn cua ngudi pham tdi" (Dieu 18
BLHS). Se la sai lam khi cho rang vi ngudi

bi tan cdng chdng cu lai ma hanh vi tan cong
mat di tinh chat nguy hiem ciia hanh vi dd va
khong pham tdi cudp tai san hay chuyen
sang tdi danh khac, hanh vi tan cdng nay van
la hanh vi pham tdi cudp tai san va thupc
trudng hgp pham tdi chua dat neu hanh vi
tan cdng dd dugc thuc hien nham muc dich
chiem doat tai san. Lai cang khdng the cho
rang da cd hanh vi tan cdng "dimg vii lire, de
doa dimg vii luc ngay tiic khac" hoac "hanh
vi khac" nham chiem doat tai san dii ngudi
bi tin cdng khdng bi "lam vao tinh trang
khdng thi chdng cu dugc" la da thoa man
diu hieu hanh vi khach quan cua tdi cudp
tai san va tdi pham dugc coi la hoan thanh
vi khi ngudi bi tan cdng chua hay khdng bi
"lam vao tinh trang khdng thi chong cu
dugc" thi hanh vi da thuc hien chua dap
ling dugc ddi hdi ciia dieu luat la "... diing
VM luc, de dog diing vii luc ngay tiec khdc
TAP CHi

LUAT HOC

SO 10/2010


NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI

hoac cd hdnh vi khdc Idm cho ngudi bi tdn

cdng bdng khi cdnh bdo do dugc chuyen tdi

cdng lam vdo tinh trgng khdng thi chdng cu

tdi ddn chung bdng mdt thie ngdn ngii md

dugc nhdm chiim dogt tdi sdn" . Neu khdng

ddn chung ndi chung co the hieu dugc -

thira nhan diu hieu "Idm cho ngudi bi tdn

dugc nhu vdy thi mdi la hgp li Md de viec

cdng lam vdo tinh trgng khdng the chdng cu

cdnh bdo dugc cdng bdng thi quy dinh phdi

dugc... " la diu hieu bit budc ciia tdi cudp

rdt ro rdng".

(9)

tai san thi phai bd diu hieu nay ra khdi quy
djnh ciia dilu luat va dilu nay la khdng the
vi ciing vdi cac dau hieu khac, dau hieu
"Idm cho ngudi bi tdn cdng lam vdo tinh
trgng khdng the chdng cu dugc" la mot

trong nhiing dau hieu dac trung cua tdi
cudp tai san cho phep phan biet tdi nay va
mdt sd tdi khac khdng cd dau hieu dd nhu
toi cudng doat tai san, tdi bat cdc nham
chilm doat tai san... Theo chung tdi, de
hiiu va ap dung thdng nhat quy dinh ciia
BLHS vl tdi cudp tai san dac biet la hanh vi
khach quan cua tdi pham nay ca trong li
luan va thuc tien va cung de mdt dieu luat
(nhat la dieu luat quy dinh ve tdi pham)
khong the cd nhieu each hieu khac nhau
nhu hien nay, co quan cd tham quyen can
CO hudng dan chinh thiic quy dinh cua Dieu
133 BLHS. Bdi khi quy dinh ciia luat chua
ro rang, lai thieu su giai thich su chua rd
rang do thi viec nhan thirc va ap dung quy
dinh cua luat trong thuc tien se khdng thdng
nhat va cd the dan den oan, sai. Va de ket
thiic bai viet nay xin trich dan y kien cua
mot tham phan nude ngoai ma chiing tdi rat
ddng tinh: "Su cdnh bdo de moi ngudi ddn
hiiu rdngphdp ludt se xu li nhu the ndo neu
xdy ra vi phgm mot quy dinh ndo do chi
TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 10/2010

(l).Xem: Dieu 4 Ph^p lenh trimg tri cdc toi xam pham
tdi san xa hoi chu nghia va Dieu 3 Phdp lenh trimg tri
cdc toi xam pham tdi san rieng ciia cong dan do Uy
ban thuang vu Quoc hoi nu6c Viet Nam dan chii cong
hod ban hdnh ngdy 21/10/1970; D i k 4 S5c luat s6

03-SL/76 ngdy 15/3/1976 ciia Hoi d6ng Chinh phu
cdch mang lam th6i quy dinh cdc toi pham vd hinh
phat; DiSu 129 vd Di6u 151 BLHS ndm 1985.
(2).Xem: Trucmg Dai hpc Luat Hd Noi, Gido trinh
ludt hinh su Viet Nam (tap 2), Nxb. Cong an nhan
dan, Hd Noi, 2009, tr. 14, 15; Vien khoa hoc phdp li,
Binh ludn khoa hpc Bp ludt hinh su (Phan cdc toi
pham), Nxb. Chinh tri Qu6c gia, Hd Noi, 1993, tr.
164, 165; Dinh Vdn QuS, Binh ludn khoa hpc Bp ludt
hinh su (Phdn cdc toi pham) tap 2, Nxb. Thdnh ph6
H6 Chi Minh, 2000, tr. 31- 40.
(3).Xem: Bo gido due vd ddo tao, Dai hoc Hu6, Trung
tam ddo tao tir xa, Gido trinh ludt hinh su Viet Nam
(Phdn cdc toi pham), Nxb. Cong an nhan dan, Hd Npi,
2001, tr. 198-200.
(4).Xem: "V6 toi cudp tdi sdn: Mot di6u ludt, nhieu
cdch hieu khdc nhau", Bdo phdp luat Viet Nam, so
136 ngdy 8/6/2009.
(5).Xem: Trudng Dai hoc Luat Hd Npi, Gido trinh
ludt hinh su Viet Nam (tap 2), Nxb. Cong an nhan
dan, Ha Npi, 2009, tr. 14 - 15.
(6).Xem: Tod an nhan dan toi cao, H^ thong hod ludt
le vi hinh su (tap 1) ndm 1945 - 1974, tr. 222.
(7).Xem: Trudng Dai hpc Ludt Hd Npi, Gido trinh
ludt hinh su Viet Nam (tap 2), Nxb. Cong an nhan
dan, Hd Npi, 2009, tr. 16.
(8).Xem: Tod dn nhan dan toi cao, Cdc vdn bdn ve
hinh su, ddn su vd to tung (tap 2), 1992, tr. 34.
(9).Xem: Vien nghien ciiu khoa hpc phdp U, Bp tu phdp,
Chuyen de ve tuphdp hinh suso sdnh, 1999, tr. 68.