Quan điểm của Hồ Chí Minh về giữ gìn và phát huy bản sắc văn hoá dân tộc

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<b>SU' NGHIEP VA TU" TU'O'NG H 6 CHI MINH </b>

<b>QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH VE GlQ GIN </b>

<b>VA PHAT HUY BAN SAC VAN HOA DAN TOC </b>

<b>TS NGUYEN DANH TIEN </b>

H

o Chf Minh Id ket tinh vd hien
than cua nhung gia tri tdt dep nhat
efta van hda dan toe va nhan loai. Theo
quan diem eua Ngudi: "Gdc cua van hda
mdi Id dan tpc. Neu dan tpc hda den cue
diem thi tftc la tdi cho the gidi hda nd, vi
luc bay gid van hda the gidi se phai ehu y
den vdn hda efta minh, phai ldm ban vdi
van hda eua minh va van hda eua minh se
chiem dupe mpt dia vi ngang vdi cac nin
vdn hda the gidi"'.

Nhan thuc rd tam quan trpng cua ban sic
dan tpc, Hd Chf Minh luon cham lo gido due
tinh than dan tpc. Ngudi cho rang, mudn giao
due tinh than dan tpc, trudc bet phai khdng
dinh lich sft oai hftng cua dan tpc, tang cudng
gido due Heb sft cho cde tang ldp nhan dan,
de cho "dan ta phai biet sft ta, cho tudng gdc
tfch nude nhd Viet Nam"; ddng thdi tran
trpng nhung truyen thing tit dep, ve vang
efta dan tpc, nang cao long tu bdo dan tpc.

Trong quan niem cua Ngudi, dan toe vd
hai tieng "dong bdo" luon nhit quan tu Bic
chf Nam, tft mien xudi den miin ngupc. Khi
thuc dan Phdp trd lai xam ehiim nude ta,
nhiem vu cftu nude dat len hang diu, Chu
tjch Hd Chf Minh gfti thu cho ddng bao Nam

* Hpc vien CT-HC qudc gia H6 Chi Minh

Bd Idiang dinh: "Ddng bao Nam Bp la dan nudc
Viet Nam. Song cd the can, nui ed the mdn,
song chan ly do khong bao gid thay ddi"^.

Gift gin tinh than dan tpc, Chu tich Hd Chi
Minh ehu trpng gift gin tieng ndi, chft viet
cua dan tpc, bdi dd Id edi hdn cua dan tpc.
Ngudi can dan: "Tieng ndi la thft cua cai vo
cftng lau ddi va quy bdu cua dan toe. Chiing
ta phai gift gin, quy trpng nd, lam cho nd phd
bien ngdy cdng rpng khap"^. Ngudi thudng
nhac nhd, phai gift gin su trong sang eua
tieng Viet; phai viet sao cho ngudi dan de
dpe, de bieu. Tft quan niem do, trong cac bai
viet efta minh, Ngudi thudng sft dung tft ngu
<i>trong sang, gian di, de hieu. Ngay bdi Qudc </i>
<i>te ca, Hd Chf Minh cung dich ra the tho luc </i>
bat de pho bien nhanh chdng d Viet Nam.

Chu tieh Hd Chf Minh luon coi nhung
truyen thong tdt dep efta cha dng Id nhung

"von cu quy bau cua dan tpc"; do dd phai
gift gin vd phat huy nhftng truyen thong van
hda tot dep ay. Trai qua nhieu the ley, nhung
truyen thong tdt dep dupe tfch luy, sang Ipc,
trd thdnh nhung net dac trung efta dan tpc,
ket thanh nhftng gia tri ben vung lam nen
sftc sdng npi tai, nang lupng tiem an cua dan
tpc. Truyen thdng quy bau nhat eua dan tpc,
noi len hang dau vd cung la vin di edt ldi
<i>nhat eua ban sac van hda Viet Nam la long </i>

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<b>SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'O'NG H O CH! MINH </b>

<i>yeu nude, y thue tu tdn, tu eudng ddn tdc. </i>
Ngudi khang dinh: "Dan ta cd mpt long
nong nan yeu nude. Dd la truyen thong quy
bau cua ta. Tft xua den nay, moi Idii To
qudc bi xam lang thi tinh than ay lai sdi noi,
nd ket thanh mpt lan sdng vo cung manh
me, to ldn, nd ludt qua mpi su nguy hiem,
Idid khan, nd nhan chim tat ca lu ban nudc
vd lu eudp... Ljcb su ta cd nhieu cupc Idiang
chien vT dai chung td tinh than yeu nudc efta
dan ta... Chung ta phai ghi nhd cdng lao eua
cde vi anh hung dan tpc, vi eae vi ay la tieu
bieu cua mpt dan tpc anh hung"''.

Truyen thdng yeu nudc tao nen gia tri
tinh than ben vung, cd sftc sdng manh me
vupt qua mpi Idid khan thft thach, vupt qua

thdi gian vd Ididng gian» Gia tri tinh than ay
cd nhiing thdi diem lich sft bdc 16 cong khai,
la vu Idif chien thang ke thu xam lupc, cd
khi tiem an trong chieu sau eua ddi song eon
ngudi va xa hpi. Hd Chf Minh khang dinh:
"Tinh than yeu nude cung nhu cac thft cua
quy. Cd khi dupc trung bay trong tft kfnh,
trong binh pha le, rd rdng de thay. Nhung
cung cd khi cat giau kfn ddo trong ruong,
trong hdm"^. Ngudi chi rd, bon phan cua
ehftng ta Id lam cho nhiing thft cua quy kfn
dao ay deu dupe dua ra trung bay. NghTa Id
ra sftc giai thfeh, tuyen truyen, td chftc, lanh
dao, lam cho tinh than yeu nudc cua tat cd
mpi ngudi deu dupc thuc hanh vao cdng
viec yeu nudc, cong viec khang chien.

Chinh vi ed long yeu nudc ndng nan va
gift gin dupe cac truyin thing tdt dep ma
dan tpc Viet Nam du bi ngoai bang do hp
mpt nghin nam va hang tram nam bi cac
nudc di qudc hung manh xam lupe, nhung
nin van hda Viet Nam khong nhung idiong

bi ddng hda md cdn ngay cdng phdt trien
phong phu, da dang, tao nen sftc sdng bit
diet cua dan tpc Viet Nam.

Phdt huy truyin thing yeu nudc va lich
sft hao himg efta dan tpc, cin ehu trpng cdng

tac giao due truyen thing lich sft. Chu tich
Hd Chf Minh nhin manh, cdng tac giao due
idiong chi trong nha trudng, ngoai xa hpi md
trong mdi gia dinh - ti bao eua xa hpi, di
sao cho "Ve mat tinh thin thi cha bao con,
vp bao chdng, anh bao em phdi nhd din
giang son gam vdc cua Td qudc, phai nhd
den lich sft ve vang efta td tien, phdi nghT
den van menh tuong lai cua con chau..."*,
nham giao due long tu hdo ve nhiing truyin
thong tot dep cho hien tai va tuong lai, qua
dd lam tdt hon viec giao due tinh than dan
tpc cho moi ngudi dan dat Viet.

Chu tich Hd Chi Minh khing dinh: "Tinh
than yeu nudc chan chinh khde ban vdi tinh
than "vi quoc" eua bpn de quoc phan dpng.
Nd la mpt bp phan cua tinh than qudc te"^.
Trong nhung bai viit, bdi ndi cua minh, Ho
Chi Minh thudng nhac din ndi gidng Ring
Tien, con Hdng chau Lac, nhung khong hi
ed mpt chftt tinh than vi chung, dan tpc vi
ky, dan tpc dpe ton hoac ky thi dan tpc, bin
thu dan tpc. Ngudi chi rd:

<i>Rdng nay bdn bi Id nhd, </i>
<i>Vdng, den, trdng, do diu Id anh em </i>
Gift gin ban sic van hda dan tpc cdn cd
nghTa la ki thfta, bao ton eae gia tri van hda
cd truyin eua cac tpc ngudi trong mpt qudc

gia da dan tpc va cac vdn van hda - nghe
thuat truyin thing cua cpng ddng cac dan
tpc Viet Nam. H6 Chf Minh can dan cac
van nghe sT: "Nghe thuat cua dng cha ta
hay lim, tdt lim! Ci ma gift gin"; "Lam

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SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'O'NG HO CHI MINH

cdng tac van nghe ma khong tim hiiu sau
vdn eua dan tpc thi khdng lam dupe dau" .
Ngudi ludn nhic nhd nhung ngudi lam van
hpc - nghe thuat chu y phdt huy "cot each
dan tpe"^ "tinh thin dan tpc"'".

Trong qua trinh xay dung nen van hda mdi,
Chft tich Hd Chf Minh nhin manh, phai biet
tran trpng, gift gin, ki thfta va phat huy nhirng
edi gi tdt dep, quy bdu trong qua khft. Trong
qud trinh xay dung nen van hda vo san, Lenin
cho rang, phai ke thfta vd tiep thu nhung thdnh
qua ciia nen van minh nhan loai, nhirng di san
van boa vd thanh tuu van minh efta chft nghia
<i>tu ban. Trong So thao Nghi quyet ve vdn hda </i>
<i>vd sdn, Lenin viet: "Khong phai la nghT ra mpt </i>
thft van hda vd sdn mdi, ma la phdt trien nhung
kieu mau uu tu, truyen thdng uu tft, nhiing ket
qud tot nhat efta nen van hda hien ton, xet theo
quan diem the gidi quan efta chft ngbia Mac vd
nhimg dieu Iden efta ddi song va efta cupc diu
tranh efta giai cap vo san trong thdi dai chuyen

chfnh vo san"".

Nhung ke thfta khong ed nghTa la gift
nguyen nhu eu, ma phdi phat triin nhiing
truyen thdng vdn hda tot dep von cd cua dan
tpc cho phu hpp vdi nhung dieu kien lich sft
eu the mdi efta dat nude vd nhiing biin doi
mdi efta thdi dai nhim giai quyit nhung
nhiem vu cua giai doan each mang mdi. Ki
thfta ma khdng biet phat triin thi nhung
fruyin thong dan tpc du cd tdt dep din miy
cung thieu sftc sing va nhu vay, su ki thfta
ay cung dong nghia vdi viec lam mit y
nghTa cua nhung gi dang dupc ki thfta.

Ddng thdi vdi viec ki thfta, bao tin vd
phdt huy nhiing gia tri, truyin thing van hda
tot dep cua dan tpc, Ngudi chi rd, phai loai
bd nhiing edi lac bau, ldi thdi cimg nhung hu

tuc kim ham su phat trien. Ho Chf Minh ehi
ra cho nhiing ngudi lam cdng tac van hda
ring, viec gift gin, ke thfta vdn eu khdng phdi
la "phuc cd mpt each may mdc" ma "cai gi
tot thi ta nen ididi phuc va phdt trien, edn cai
xau thi ta phai bd di"'^. Day chinh la quan
diem phft dinh bien chung da dupe van dung
trong viee xay dung nen van hda mdi.

Nhu vay, trong viee xay dung nen van

hda mdi, cd tfnh chat dan tpc can phdi tranh
<i>Idiuynh hudng sai lam: mpt Id, phft dinh </i>
sach iron tit ea nhihig gi ma van hda qua
khft cua dan tpc da de lai, ki ea nhiing
truyen thong van hda tdt dep, quy gid,
nhung gia tri ben viing cua vdn hda dan tpc,
Idiuynh hudng nay se dan tdi chd xda bd
<i>tinh chat dan tpc cua van hda; hai la, ke </i>
thfta tat ea nhiing gi cua qua khu, ke ca
nhirng cai da lae hau, ldi thdi, khuynh
hudng nay lam hdng tfnh chat dan tpc cua
nen van hda mdi ma chung ta can xay dung.

Tran trpng nhiing truyen thdng van hda
tot dep cua dan tpc, de cao ban sac dan tpc
idiong cd nghia la lam cho vdn hda thu
minh trong chu nghTa dan tpc hep hdi, thien
can, "ddng cua" vdi nhiing tmh hoa van hda
nhan loai, ky thi van hda eua cac dan tpc
khac. Trpng tu tudng van hda Hd Chi Minh,
cd su thong nhat bien ehftng giua tfnh dan
tpc va tfnh nhan loai, cung nhu su thdng nhat
bien chung giua chft nghia yeu nudc va chu
nghTa quoc te vd san - net ddc trung ndi bat
trong tu tudng chinh tri cua Ngudi.

Theo Hd Chi Minh, di doi vdi viec gift
gin vd phat huy ban sic van hda dan toe,
nham khong ngung tiep biin van hda todn
nhan loai, phai md rpng giao luu hpp tac

quoc te vi van hda de tiep thu tinh hoa efta

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<b>SLF NGHIEP VA TU' TU'O'NG H 6 C H I MINH </b>

nen van minh nhan loai. Bdi le: "Khong gift
dupc ban sic van hda dan toe - do la diiu vd
cung nguy hiem. Mat khac, nhan manh ban
sac dan toe Idiong ed nghTa la bai ngoai, trai
lai phai tiep thu cd chpn Ipc tat ca nhiing
tinh hoa van hda the gidi. Ldm cho nhung
gia tri do hda quyen vdi ban sac dan tpc"'^.
Ket hpp chat che yeu to dan tpc va thdi dai
trong phdt trien vdn hda la mpt van de mang
tinh nguyen tac va ed tam chien lupc.

Trong qud trinh xay dung nen van hda
mdi Viet Nam, Hd Chi Minh chu truang,
mpt mat "phai phat trien nhiing truyen thdng
van hda tdt dep cua dan tpc", mat idiac "phai
hap thu nhung cai mdi eua van hda tien bp
the gidi"'''. Nen van hda dd vfta ket tinh, vfta
nang len mpt tam cao mdi nhiing truyen
thdng tdt dep cua dan tpc vd tiep thu cd chpn
Ipe nhiing thanh tuu van hda tien bp eua loai
ngudi tren nen tang tinh hoa van hda dan tpc.

<i>1. Hoai Thanh: Co mot nen vdn hoa VietNam, Hoi </i>
Van hoa Ciru quoc Viet Nam xuat ban, 1946, tr.25

<i>2. H6 CUMmh Todn tcp, CTQG, H, 1995, T.4,1r.246 </i>

<i>3, 9, 10, 12. Ho Chi Minh: Ve cong tdc vdn hoa </i>

<i>vdn nghe, ST, H, 1971, tr.58-59, 77, 72, 89-90 </i>

<i>4, 5. Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, </i>
T.6,tr.l71-172, 172

6. 5'^^, T.4, tr. 241

<i>7. Hd Chi Minh Tuyin tap, ST, H, 1980, T.l, </i>
tr.485-486

<i>8. Bdc Hd vdi vdn nghe si, NXB Van hoa, H, </i>
1995, tr. 176, 68

<i>11. VILenin Todn tap, Tiin bo, M, 1977, T.41, tr.361 </i>
<i>13. Dao Duy Tiing: Qud trinh hinh thdnh con </i>

<i>dudng di len chu nghia xd hoi a Viet Nam, </i>

CTQG,H, 1994, tr. 144

<i>14. H i Chi Minh: Vdn hoa nghe thudt ciing Id mot </i>

<i>mat tran, NXB Van hoa, H, 1981, tr.394. </i>

<b>Q U A T R I N H D O I MOfl TU^ D U Y . . . </b>

<i>(Tiep theo trang 59) </i>

Nhin lai dudng ldi ddi mdi cua Dang
gin 25 nam qua cho thiy, viec nhan thftc
mdi quan be giua xay dung nin kinh te dpe
lap tu chu va HNKTQT cua Dang ta ngdy
cang day du hon, cu thi ban. Viec Dang ta
nhan manh su can thiit phai kit hpp hai npi
dung dd trong dudng ldi chien lupc xay
dimg vd phdt trien dat nudc da the hien tu
duy bien chiing sau sdc cua Dang. Chu
truong, dudng ldi dftng din do la ca sd
quan trpng de trien khai va thuc day viec
xay dung nen kinh t i ddc lap tu chft va
HNKTQT trong thuc tien nhdm ket hpp
mpt each hieu qua mpi tiem ndng, nguon
luc trong nude vdi ngudn luc ben ngodi tao
thanh sftc manh tdng hpp quoc gia, gdp
phan giai quyet thang lpi nhiing nhiem vu
efta su nghiep cong nghiep hoa va hien dai
hda dat nudc, dong thdi tao vi the ngay
cang cao efta Viet Nam tren trudng qudc te.

<i>1. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hoi </i>

<i>dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thu VI, ST, H,1987, tr.87 </i>

<i>2. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn Men Dgi hoi </i>

<i>dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thit VII, ST, H, 1991, tr. 147 </i>

<i>3. 4, 5, 6. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn Men </i>

<i>Dgi hoi Dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thic DC, CTQG, H, </i>

2001,tr.92, 166, 166, 166

<i>7. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Nghi quyit so </i>

<i>07/NQ-TW cua Bo Chinh tri Ve hoi nhdp kinh ti </i>

^Mo'c ?e', CTQG, H, 2001

<i>8. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn Men Dgi hoi </i>

<i>dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thic X, CTQG, H, 2006, </i>

tr.113-114.

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