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TAP CHi CUNG THIfdNG

NGHIEN ClfU CAC NGUON LlJC

TAC DONG DEN PHAT TRIEN DU LICH

CONG DONG THEO Hl/CfNG BEN VCfNG

TAI XA HlTCfNG SCfN, HUYEN MY DlfC,

THANH PHO HA N O I

• BUICAMPHl/dNG

TOM TAT:

Xa Htfdng Sdn, huyen My Dffe, thanh phd Ha Npi vd'n ttf lau dtfdc du khach biet de'n la mot
diem du lich tam linh vdi quan the di tich va danh thang Hffdng Sdn. Trong nhffng nSm qua,
edng ddng dia phffdng sinh sd'ng tai khu vtfc nay cQng da dtfdc htfdng ldi ttf mot cdc hoat ddng
ddn tid'p du khach. Dieu nay da giiip eho loai hinh du lieh cdng ddng hinh thanh tai day. Tuy
nhidn, de du lieh thtfc stf mang lai hieu qua tao ra sinh kd' ben vtfng, giup cdng ddng dia phtfdng
dn dinh va nSng cao chat Itfdng cudc sd'ng, thi viec nghien effu cac ngudn Iffc lac ddng dd'n viec
phat trien du lieh edng ddng d day rat quan trpng. Trong bai vie't nay, dffa vao cd sd li Iu3n vd
ngudn Iffe trong phat tridn du lich cdng ddng cffa Fujin Shen, chung ldi da tie'n h^nh khao sal
cpng ddng dia phtfdng, iff do thay dtfde thtfc trang cac ngudn Itfc tac ddng dd'n ph^t tnd'n du lieh
cdng ddng, tao ra sinh ke ben vffng tai huyen My Dtfe, thanh phd' Ha Ndi.

Tff khda: Du lich cdng ddng, sinh ke bdn vffng, xa Htfdng Sdn, huyen My Dtfe.

1. Cdsdly lu^n

De lie'n hanh nghien cffu nay, nhdm tae gia sff
dung khung sinh kd'ben vffng danh cho du lich eiia
Fujin Shen Tuy nhien, md hinh nghidn effu va cac
thang do dtfde dffde ehinh sffa cho phii hdp vdi dae

diem va mue tieu eua nghien effu. Md hinh nghien
effu ve ngudn Iffc trong phat tnen du hch cpng
ddng dtfde trinh bay. (Hinh I.l).

Tai san sinh ke'du lieh la trung tam eiia SLFT,
bao gdm vd'n nhan Iffe, xa hdi, tai nguyen, kinh le'
va the che'. Trong do:

Vd'n nhan Itfe "dai dien eho eae ky nang, kie'n
thffc, kha nang lao ddng va sffc khde lot eho phep
mpi ngffdi theo dudi eae chie'n Iffdc sinh ke' khac

nhau va dat dffde mue tidu sinh ke " (DFID, 1999a,
trang 17).

Vd'n xa hdi "dtfdc lay de cd nghTa la cac
ngudn Itfc xa hdi ma mpi ngtfdi rut ra trong viec
theo dudi eae muc tidu sinh ke' eiia hp" (DFID,
1999a, trang 19).

Vd'n tai nguyen: bao gdm tai nguyen ttf nhidn va
lai nguyen van hda phuc vu eho hoal dpng du lieh

Vd'n kinh te' da dtfde Scoones sff dung (1998,
irang 8) de de c | p de'n vd'n tai chinh va vat chat.
Cu the:

- Vo'n vat cha't (Physical capital): Von vSt chat
bao gdm ed sd ha tang cd ban va hang hda vSt chS't
nham hd trd vide thtfc hien cac hoat ddng sinh ke,

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QUANTRJ-QUANLY

Hinh 1.1: Sd do khung sinh ke ben viJng cua Fujin Shen

Ngudn vdn vat chat the hien d ea cap cd sd edng
ddng hay cap hp gia dinh.

- Vd'n tai ehinh (Financial capital): Vd'n lai
chinh la cac ngudn tai chinh ma ngtfdi ta sff dung
nham dat dffde eae muc lieu trong sinh ke',

Vd'n the ehe': Vd'n the che' d day dffdc hieu la
sff cung cap cho mpi ngffdi quyen tie'p eSn vao thi
trifdng du Iieh, chia se ldi ich du lich, tham gia vao
qua tnnh hoach dinh chinh sach, mtfe dp s5n sang
tham gia eiia mpi ngtfdi dtfdc phan anh trong cac
quyel dinh de dat dtfdc ke'l qua sinh kd' lot hdn.

2. Phifdng phap tie'n hanh

Dtfa Iren md hinh va cac thang do gd'c, tac gia
xdy difng nen bang hoi khao sal ve eae ngudn Iffc
tac dpng dd'n phat trien du lieh edng ddng tao ra
sinh ke'ben vffng gdm 37 bie'n quan sat, giai thich
cho 5 nhan td' ehinh la tai san smh kd' gdm vd'n
nhSn Itfc, xa hdi, tai nguyen, kinh id' va the che'.
Tiep do, bang hoi dffde gffi de'n va lay y kie'n ciia
cac hd gia dinh d xa Hffdng Sdn, huyen My Dffc,
thanh phd'Ha Ndi, dac biet d eae khu vffc lan c3n

vdi Khu di tich va thang canh Htfdng Sdn vdi 400
phie'u, Ke't qua ihu ve du 400 phie'u vdi 387 phie'u
hdp le va 13 phie'u khdng hdp Id do ihie'u Ihdng
lin. Dff lieu sau khi ihu ve dtfdc nhap va xff ly tren
phan mem SPSS 20.

Theo cdng thffe mau eua Hair va cdng sff thi vdi
37 bid'n quan sat thi mau khao sal de cd dp tin cay
tdt la 370 phie'u hdp Id, nhff vay vdi 387 phie'u hdp

Id thi tSp dff lieu thu thip dffdc cua
nghien cffu nay la dang tin eay.

3. Thtfc trang cac ngudn lufc tac
ddng de'n phat tridn du Hch c^ng
ddng tao ra sinh kd' bdn vifng t^i
huydn My Dtfc, thanh pho'Ha Npi

Thtfc trang ve vd'n eon ngtfdi
Nhan id' "vd'n eon ngtfdi" dtfdc danh
gia thdng qua 13 bie'n quan sal, ke'l qua
khao sal cho tha'y, cac bie'n quan sat
dtfdc danh gia d mffc dp khdng deu
nhau vdi gia tri trung binh nhan id' dat
2.94 diem (d mffc 3, Binh thffdng) va
gia tri trung binh cac quan sat dao ddng
trong khoang 2.25 - 4.18 diem. Trong
dd, cao nhat la hai lieu ehi "Ngffdi dan
ed kha nang bieu didn van nghe cho
khaeh Ihffdng thtfc" va "Ngtfdi dan cd

ky nang ban hang cho khach du lich"
vdi gia tri trung binh dat 3.01 diem, edn hai lieu
ehi thS'p nha't la "Ngtfdi dan ed ky nang giao tid'p
vdi khach du lieh" va "Ngtfdi dan ed kha nang
phuc vu khach an ud'ng" ed gia tri trung binh itn
Itfdt la 2.83 didm va 2.82 diem. Song nhin chung,
ta't cae eac tieu ehi dang dtfde ngtfdi dan dia
phtfdng danh gia d mffc 3 (binh thtfdng). (Bang 1).
Ke'l qua nay eho tha'y cdng ddng tai khu vtfc xa
Htfdng Sdn, huyen My Dtfc nhan thtfc ehtfa thtfc stf
rd net vai trd cua ngudn vd'n con ngtfdi khi tham
gia vao boat ddng du lieh. Cdng ddng dia phtfdng
eho rang, de Iam du lich cpng ddng thi ban than
nhtfng ngtfdi dan trong mdi hd gia dinh can phai
ed nhffng ky nang can thie't trong qua trinh ddn tie'p
va phuc vu khach du lich. Tuy nhien, trong nhan id'
vd'n con ngtfdi, ben canh vide ngffdi dan ed ki nang
ddn tie'p khaeh ihi kha nang phuc vu khaeh cung la
mdt nhan to' quan trpng tac ddng dd'n ngudn vd'n
con ngtfdi. Dd la kha nang hffdng dan, phuc vu Iffu
trii, phuc vu an udng. Mpi van de nffa, dd \k du lieh 
cdng ddng khdng phai la viee lam ddn 1^ cua tffng
hd gia dinh ma kinh nghiem Iff cae dja phffdng
khac cho ihCy mud'n lam du lich edng ddng ihanh
edng c^n phai cd stf tham gia eiia eae thanh vien
khac trong thdn, xdm iffe la can phai co cau lac bd
sinh kd'. Tuy nhidn, cdng ddng lai danh gia ehtfa
eao ve van de nay.

Thuc trgng ve nguon vdn kinh le

Nhan td' "Ngudn vd'n kinh id'" dtfdc do Itfdng

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TAP CHi CONt iHifne

Bang 1. Thong ke mo to nguon von con ngudi
TT 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10
11
12
13

Bien quan sat

NgUcii dan co nang luc tLI minti don va phyc vu khacti du lictl
Ngudi dan co i<tia nang td ctiUc cac cau lac bp sinh ke trong thon xom
Ngudi dan c6 kha nang/san sang ket hop cung cac cong ty du lich de don khach.
Ngudi dan co kha nang phuc vu khach luu tru

Ngtldi dan c6 kha nang phuc vu khach an udng
Ngudi dan cd kha nang lam hudng dCn vien cho khach

Ngudi dan cd kha nang chuyen chd khach

Ngudi dan cd kha nang bieu dien van nghd cho khach thudng thUc
Ngudi dan cd ky nang ban hang cho khach du hch

Ngudi dan cd phuong tien va biet phuong thdc cho du khach thue
Ngudi dan cd ky nang giao tiep vdi khach du lich

Ngudi dan can cd kha nang ndi mdt sd cau bang tieng Anh vdi khach
Ngudi dan cd kha nang sd dung cac Ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin can ban

Trung btnh 
N 
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387 
Tmng 
binh 
2.90

2.95
2.97
2.97
2.82
2.95
2 95
3.01
3.01
2.98
2 83
2.93
2.95
2.94 
edi$ch
chuan
1.192
1.024
1.002
1.136
1.081
0.902
1.165
1.062
1.012
1.116
1.119
0.936
0.947
1.063

qua 06 bie'n quan sat thanh phan, gia tri trung binh
nhan td'dat 2.317 diem (mffc 2, khdng ddng y), cac
bie'n quan sat ed gia tri trung binh Iffdng ddi deu
nhau, bie'n thien trong khoang tff 2,25 de'n 2.40
diem va deu d mtfc ihap. (Bang 2).

Ngudn vd'n kinh le' giff mot vai ird quan trpng
trong viec phat trien du lich cdng ddng tai dia
phtfdng, song cac dieu kien vd vd'n dang ehtfa tao

NguSn. Ke't qud xd ly sdlieu tren phdn mSm SPSS 
dieu kien de ngtfdi dan cd thd de dang de'p can
cung nhtf yen tam dau tff vao phat tnen du lich
cdng ddng, Cu the, ngffdi dan eho rang ho khong
de de lie'p cSn vdi ngudn vdn cho phat trien du lich
cdng ddng va ngan hang cung thie'u stf ddng hanh
cung ngtfdi dan trong vide phat trien eae dtf an du
lich cdng ddng. Ben canh do, quy md vdn vay cung
thap, thdi gian vay vd'n cung ehtfa dii dai han va

Bang 2. Thong ke mo ta ngu6n von kinh te
TT 
1
2
3
4
5
6

Bien quan sat

Ngudn vdn cho phat trie'n du ijch phai de'tiep can
Thdi gian vay vdn phai dai han

Quy md nguon vdn Idn
Lai suat vay vdn phai thap
Cac thu tuc vay phai dan gian

Ngan hang phai ddng hanh cung ngudi dan trong viec sd dung
ngudn vdn phat trien du ijch

Tmng binh
N 
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
Tmng binh 
2 34
2.40
2.29
2.25
2.31
2.31
2.317

GO l$ch chuin

1.139
1.047
1.143 '
1.207
1.062
1.161
1.127
Nguon - Ke't qud xd ly sd lieu trin phdn mem SPSS

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QUANTR!-qUAN IV

cac thu tuc vay vdn edn khd khan,,., cung tac ddng
ddn vide tie'p can ddng vd'n eiia ngtfdi dSn, didu
nay nghla la de tham gia phat trien du lich cpng
ddng thi ngtfdi dan chu yd'u phai khai thiic cac
ngudn vd'n ttf gia dinh, do vay vide phat trien du
lich cdng ddng ndi day van d tinh trang manh ai
lay lam.

Thuc trgng ve von tdi nguyen

Nhan to' vd'n lai nguydn cd 05 bid'n quan sat
thanh phan, ke'l qua so lieu eho tha'y, cae bie'n quan
sat dtfdc danh gia d mffc dp iffdng dd'i eao vdi gia
tri trung binh nhan td' dat 4.104 diem va gia tri
trung binh cac quan sal ciing khdng deu nhau va
dao ddng irong khoang 4.06 - 4.15 diem. Trong dd,
cao nha't la tieu chi "Khu di tich va thSng eanh
Hffdng Sdn cd gia in lam linh cao de giup phat
trien du lieh edng ddng" vdi gia iri ra'l eao la 4.15

diem, eon tieu chi tha'p nha't la "Dja phffdng ed
canh quan iff nhien da dang, phong phu dd phat
trien du lich edng ddng" cd gia tri trung binh dat
4,06 didm. Dieu nay chffng td edng ddng ehffa
nhan Ihtfe dtfde he'l tiem nang trong phat tridn du
lich, dac biet la tiem nang ve lai nguyen du lich
vanhda. (Bang3).

Thuc trang ve nguon luc vo'n xa hgi

Nhan id' nay cd 06 bid'n quan sat thanh phan,
gia tri Irung binh 06 bie'n quan sat giai Ihieh eho
nhan id' "vd'n xa hdi" dat 3.08 didm, eae bie'n
quan sat cd gia tri trung binh bie'n thidn trong
khoang ttf 2.98 de'n 3.15 didm. Dieu nay chffng
to edng ddng ed quan lam de'n ngudn vdn xa hdi,
cac bie'n quan sat ed Hen quan chat che vdi ldi
ieh cua cpng ddng va dffdc cdng ddng quan lam
va danh gia cao. (Bang 4).

Thuc trgng ve von the che

Nhan Id' nay cd 07 bie'n quan sat thanh phan,
gia tri trung binh 07 bid'n quan sat giai thich cho
nhan to' "vd'n the che'" va cd gia tri trung binh nhan
td'd mtfe ttfdng dd'i eao, dat 3.586 diem, eae bie'n
quan sat cd gia tri trung binh bie'n thien trong
khoang Iff 3.54 den 3.65 diem. Dieu nay chffng td,
the che' ddng vai trd kha quan trpng trong vide dinh
htfdng smh ke' eho cdng ddng dia phtfdng d khu vtfc

nghien cffu. (Bang 5).

Ke't qua n^y cho tha'y, ngtfdi dSn ludn mong
ddi vao nhffng chinh sach eiia chinh quyen dia
phtfdng. Do do ne'u chinh sach tff phia chinh
quyen dtfa ra id'l se giup cho cdng ddng phat

Bang 3. Tho'ng ke mo ta nguon von tai nguyen
TT

1

2 
3 
4 
6

Bien quan sat

Khu di tich va thang canh Huong Son cd gia trj tam linh cao de
gidp phat tnen du ijCh cdng

Dja phuong cd canh quan tu nhien da dang, phong phu de phat
trien du lich cdng ddng

\ ^ n hda cua cdng ddng dan cu dia phuong ddc dao, hap dan
Phong tuc, tap quan dac sac

Khu sinh thai rdng, hap dan

Tmng binh

N

387

387
387
387
387

387

Tmng binh

415

4.06
4.11
410
410

4.104

Dd l$ch chuan

0.920

1 012
0.991

0.918
0.940

0.958 
Ngudn: Ket qud xd ly sd Uiu trin phdn n nSPSS 
Ket qua nay cho tha'y, mac dO lai nguyen du

lich bao gdm lai nguyen du Hch tff nhien va
nguyen du lich van hda gdp phan khdng nhd lao
nen net dac sac cua du Hch edng ddng va edng
ddng dan ctfd Htfdng Sdn cung da nhan thffc dffde
va danh gia rat eao ve nhtfng gia tri tai nguyen du
lich ciia dia phtfdng.

trien theo diing nhtf mue tieu: "Dan giau, ntfde
manh" nhtfng ngffdc Iai ne'u chinh sach khdng td't
se day ngffdi dan de'n eude sd'ng khd khan Cong
ddng d khu vffc nghien cffu mong mud'n trong
sinh ke' du lich ihl chinh quyen dia phffdng cd
dffde nhffng ehinh sach td't va ludn ddng hanh
cung vdi edng ddng.

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TAP CHi CDNG THlTtfNG

Bang 4. Thong ke mo ta nguon von xa hoi
TT

1
2
3

4
5
6

Bie'n quan sat

Cdng dong can doan ke't de bac tdn van hda truyen thd'ng
Cdng ddng cd y thdc giu gin va bao sinh mdi trudng tu nhien
Cd su tin tudng va doan ke't giOa cac hd trong thdn/xa

Cdng ddng hd'tro la"n nhau khai thac cac dieu kien s§n cd nham thu hut khach
du hch

Cdng ddng ludn san sang tham gia vao cau lac bd sinh ke du lich cdng ddng
Cdng dong ludn de cao vai trd cua phu nO trong hoat ddng du hch cdng ddng

Tmng binh

N

387
387
387
387
387
387

387 
Tmng

binh

2.98
3.04
3.15

3 10

3.10
3.11

3.08 
Cdlfdl

chuin

0.956
0.986
0.997
1.004
0.961
0.980

0.981

Nguon: Ki't qud xd ly sd lieu tren phdn mem SPSS

Bang 5. Thong ke mo td nguon von the c h e

TT

1 
2 
3 
4 
6

6

7

Bien quan sat

Chinh quyen dia phuong ludn khuyen khich cdng ddng tham gia vao hoat
ddng du Ijch

Chinh quyen d|a phuong tao dieu kien cho gia dinh ddn, tie'p khach du hch
Chinh quyen dja phuong td chdc cac Idp hoc nhdm giup ngudi dan dja
phuong nhan thdc rd ve du hch cdng ddng

Chinh quyen dja phuong hdlro vd'n de cdng ddng lam du hch
Chinh quyen dja phUdng trang bi co sd vat chat nhu (dien. dudng. y te,
mang ludi thdn tin lien lac) tdt

Chinh quyen dja phuong cd nhieu chinh sach nham xuc tien hoat ddng du
lich cua dia phuong

Chl'nh quyen dia phuong khuye'n khich tham gia ra quyet djnh va quan ly
hoat ddng du lich

Tmng binh

N

387
387
387
387
387

387

387 
Tmng

binh

3.59
3.54
3.65
3.54
3.62

3.56

3.60

3.586 
Bdl^ch

chuan

1.062
1.152
1.122
1.156
1.173

1144

1.171

1.14

4. Kd't luan

Qua vide lie'n hanh thu thap danh gia eua ngtfdi
dan xa Hffdng Sdn ve 05 ngudn life de phat tnen
du lieh edng ddng tao sinh ke'ben vtfng da eho ke't
qua nhtf sau, ngffdi dan xa Htfdng Sdn, huyen My
Dffc, thanh phd Ha Ndi danh gia eae ngudn vd'n
cho phat trien du lich cdng ddng theo htfdng ben
vtfng theo mtfc dp thff iff iff eao nha't la "Vd'n tai
nguyen" vdi gia tri irung binh nhan td dat 4.104
diem, ihtf hai la "Vd'n the ehe" vdi gia trj trung
binh nhan Id' dat 3,586 diem, thff ba la "Vd'n xa

Ngudn: Ket qud xd ly sd Heu tren phdn mem SPSS

hpi" vdi gia tri trung binh nhan to' dat 3.08 diem,
thff Iff la "Vd'n eon ngffdi" vdi gia trj trung binh
nhan td' la 2.94 diem, va cud'i cung la "vdn kinh
te" vdi gia tri trung binh nhan td'dat 2.317 diem.
Dffa tfen ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y, ngtfdi dan xa
Htfdng Sdn btfdc d^u da nhan thtfc dtfdc vai tro eua
du hch dd'i vdi cuoc sd'ng eiia hp. Tuy nhien, do
nhffng ye'u td' bao gdm ea ehu quan va khach quan
dan de'n nhan thffc eua edng ddng ve cac ngudn Iffc
eho phat men du lich de tao ra sinh kd' ben vffng vdi
"Vdn con ngffdi" sau nhffng ngudn Iffc khac, trong

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QUANTRI-qUANLY

khi ddi vdi loai hinh du lich cdng ddng ihi ngudn vdn sinh ke' ben vffng giup ngtfdi dan on dinh va nang
con ngffdi giff vai tro quye't dinh bdi con ngffdi ehinh cao cha'l Itfdng cudc sd'ng ra't can nhffng chuyen gia
la ehu the tham gia va quye't dinh vao hoat dpng du ttf van, dinh htfdng cho edng ddng; ddng ihdi can cd
lieh ciia dia phffdng. De du lieh cdng ddng tai khu nhffng ehinh sach tfu dai, hd trd ve vo'n eho cdng
vffc nghien cffu thffe sff phat trien va trd thanh ngudn ddng tham gia vao hoat ddng du lich •

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:

1. DFID (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods. Deparimeni for International Development

2. Fujun Shen (2009), Tourism and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach: Apphcation within the Chinese Context. 
A thesis of Doctor of Philosophy. Lincoln University.

3. VU Manh Hd (2004), Gido Irinh Kinh te Du lieh, Nhd Xudt bdn Gido due Viet Nam.

4. Nguyen Dinh Hoe. Vd Vdn Hieu, (2002) Gido trinh Du hch bin vUng, Nhd Xud't bdn Dai hgc Qudc gia Hd Ndi.

5. Trdn Ddc Thanh (chu hiin), (2016), Gido trinh Dia li du lich. Nhd Xud't bdn Dai hgc Qud'c gia Hd Ndi.

Ngay nhan bai: 10/4/2019

Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chffa: 20/4/2019
Ngay cha'p nh^n dang bai: 28/4/2019

Thong tin tdc gid:

TS. BUI CAM PHUONG
Trtfdng Dai hpc Thang Long

ANALYZING RESOURCES AFFECTING COMMUNITY

BASED TOURISM TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

AT HUONG SON COMMUNE, MY DUC DISTRICT, HANOI

• Ph.D BUI CAM PHUONG

Thang Long University

ABSTRACT:

Huong Son commune. My Due district, Hanoi has long been known to tourists as a spirimal tourist
site with Huong Son relics and landscapes complex. Over the years, local communities living in this
area have gained benefits from tourim activities. The community based tourism has been formed
among these local communities. It is necessary to have researches on resources affecting the
community based tourism in order to help local communities have sustainable livelihoods, stabilize
andimprove their quality of life. Based on Fujin Shen's theoretical basis ofresourees for community
based tourism and surveying local communities, this article presents how resources affect the
community based tourism and creat sustainable hvelihoods in My Due district, Hanoi.

Keywords: Community based tourism, sustamable livelihoods, Huong Son commune. My Due
dishiet.

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