Chính sách bảo vệ đất nông nghiệp của Mỹ.

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<b>VAN HOA - LiCH SU </b>

<b>CHINH SACH BAO VE </b>

<b>OAT NONG NGHIEP CUA MY </b>

1. Tai sao p h a i p h u c hoi d a t

n o n g n g h i e p ?

Cich day 100 nam, dat ndng

nghiep d ba bang thudc mien hac New

England chiem dien tich xa'p xi 50%

tdng dien tich. Ngay nay, da't ndng

nghiep cua ba bang thudc bic New

England chiem chUa den 10%) tdng

dien tich, dieu nay the hien mdt suf

chuyen ddi manh me, giam d i n dien

tich da't ndng nghiep'. Dat ndng

nghiep thay vi dugc suf dung vio muc

dich canh tic ngiy cing dUOc suf dung

vao nhieu muc dich k h i c nhau, da

dan den nguy eg da't canh t i c ndng

nghiep hi can kiet. Cic vumg da't dd'c

khdng cdn dugc sii dung de canh t i c ,

trdng cay lUdng thufc nuta. Cdn d phfa

trong cic thung lung, da't dai thudng

la q u i khd cin, khi hau q u i lanh v i

cic trang trai cd dien tich q u i nhd,

khd cd the tien hanh s i n xua't ndng

nghiep n h i m cung cap luong thufc

thufc pham, phuc vu cho nhu c i u cudc

sd'ng cua con ngudi.

Tuf thap ky 70 va thap ky 80 cua

the ky XX cho den gin day, tinh trang

di't ndng nghiep bi thu hep trong qua

trinh hien dai boa da dat ra nhiing

t h i c h thufc ldn ddi vdi cac nha hoach

dinh chinh sach va cdng chiing quan

tam, Nhieu phan dien tich dat ndng

nghiep dugc chuyen sang suf dung cho

Le Thi Van Nga

<i>Vien Nghien ciiu Chdu My </i>

cac muc dich xay dufng dd thi, n h i cufa

va cic muc dfch suf dung k h i c vi ldi

ich kinh te, Tinh trang da't ndng

nghiep bi thu hep da tao ra nhutng

nguy cd de dga rat ldn ddi vdi van de

an ninh lUdng thufc, mdi trUdng va can

bang he sinh t h i i .

Dat ndng nghiep la mdt ngudn liic

tu nhien hutu han va khdng the thay

the. De cd dugc nhiing phan dien tich

da't dai mau md p h i i mat hang ngan

nam va can phai ket hdp cac dieu kien

khi hau, dia Iy, sinh hgc va van may.

Da't ndng nghiep cua My cung cap

thufc pham va s i n pham gd. Vai trd

chi phdi cua ndng nghiep My trong

nen kinh te toan cau cfing gid'ng nhU

vai trd cua OPEC trong linh vufc nang

lugng. He thd'ng thufc pham v i ndng

nghiep cd y nghia quan trgng ddi vdi

c i n can t h a n h t o i n va viec lam cua

g i n 23 trieu ngUdi. Tren k h i p ca

nUdc, da't ndng nghiep hd trg cho nen

t i n g kinh te ciia nhieu cdng ddng

ndng thdn va ngoai t h a n h .

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CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 12-2009 <b>57 </b>

Hien nay, da't n d n g nghiep d My
dang cd n g u y cd suy g i i m nghiem
trpng, dieu n a y ta't n h i e n cd nhiing
anh h u d n g t i e u cufc k h d n g t h e t r i n h
khdi ddi vdi mdi trUdng. Theo so lieu
dieu t r a ndng n g h i e p , n a m 1997, c i c
ndng t r a i d 1210 h a t chiu i n h h u d n g
nhieu n h a t cila k h u vufc dd thi da tao
ra 63% s i n p h a m va 86% lUdng hoa
qua v i r a u ^ N g a y nay, n h i e u ngUdi
mong mudn suf d u n g di't cho muc dfch
x i y diing, dac biet, t r o n g bdi c i n h d i n
sd n g i y c i n g t a n g , thi ngay c i n g cd
nhieu dien tich da't ndng nghiep dUdc
suf dung de x i y dufng n h a cufa. Trong

hdn 20 n a m qua, dien tich da't de x i y
dufng n h a mdi h i u n h u da t a n g gap
ddi. P h i n ldn d a t dai n i y n a m ben
ngoii k h u vufc ndng t h d n hien cd.

Tuf n a m 1992 den n a m 1997, hdn
11 trieu m a u da't d n d n g t h d n da dUdc
chuyen ddi v i o c i c muc dich x i y dufng
va p h i t t r i e n k i n h te, t r o n g do hdn
mpt nufa l i da't n d n g nghiep'\ Trong
thdi gian dd, t r u n g b i n h hdn 1 trieu
mau da't ndng n g h i e p dugc p h i t t r i e n
moi n a m .

He thd'ng lUdng thufc v i ndng
nghiep d My da ddng gdp g i n 2 nghin
ty USD ddi vdi n e n k i n h te, h a y hdn
13% tdng s i n p h a m qud'c ndi, v i sii
dung 17% lufc lUdng lao d p n g \ Vdi d a n
so' the gidi n g a y c a n g t a n g v i thi
trUdng t o i n cau n g a y c a n g md rdng,
khdi phuc d a t n d n g n g h i e p c u n g l i
mpt suf d i u t u k h d n n g o a n v i o viec
cung ci'p lUdng thufc cua t h e gidi v i cd
hpi kinh te.

Thi trUdng c h a u A va My L a t i n h cd
y nghia q u a n t r p n g nha't ddi vdi x u a t
k h a u ndng n g h i e p cua My . My
Latinh, t r o n g dd cd Mexico da m u a

t r u n g b i n h k h o a n g 10,6 U S D s i n
pham h i n g hoa n d n g nghiep xua't
k h a u mdi n a m . C i c qud'c gia c h a u A
mua k h o a n g 23,6 ty U S D s i n p h a m

ndng nghiep x u a t k h a u cua My mdi
n a m , t r o n g dd chi t i n b rieng N h a t
B i n da chiem k h o i n g 10 ty USD". Va
ngUdi tieu d u n g t r e n the gidi ky vong
se m u a dUdc n h i e u s i n pham h a n g
h o i ndng nghiep hdn trong tUdng lai.

Trong n g i n b a n , suf thieu hut cung
lUdng thufc t r o n g nUdc khd cd the x i y
ra. Song, Cue dieu t r a Thdng ke cua
My duf d o i n d i n sd' se t a n g 42% trong
vdng 50 n a m tdi^ Nhieu qudc gia
d a n g p h i t t r i e n r a t q u a n t i m den v i n
de an n i n h lUdng thiic. N a n g s u i t va
sii da d a n g ndng nghiep d My cd the
d i m b i o cung cap lUdng thiic va d i m
bao cudc sd'ng l i u dai t r e n thi trUdng
t h e gidi. NhUng dieu n i y phu thudc
v i o chien lUdc d i u tU n h a m b i o tdn
c i c t i i s i n cd g i i tri, trong dd cd dat
ndng nghiep, d i p iing c i u cua the gidi
d a n g t h a y ddi n h a n h chdng.

P h u c hdi da't ndng nghiep la mpt suf
d i u t u cho p h i t trien cd sd ha t i n g va

p h i t t r i e n k i n h te. Phuc hdi dat ndng
nghiep n h a m bd s u n g cho ngan sach
cua chinh quyen dia phifdng va tang
tai s i n . Ngoai ra, c i n h quan thien
n h i e n d ndng t h d n nUdc My cd tiem
n a n g r a t ldn ddi vdi n g a n h kinh
doanh du lich.

N d n g n g h i e p t n i c tie'p ddng gdp
vao cac n e n k i n h te d dia phUdng nhd
d o a n h t h u n d n g n g h i e p , tao cdng an
viec l a m , cac dich vu hd trd va kinh
d o a n h . L a p ke h o a c h cho ndng
n g h i e p va bao ve d a t ndng nghiep
tao r a t i n h l i n h b o a t cho t a n g t r u d n g
v i suf p h i t t r i e n .

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d M}' dang nhan thay rang, hp khdng

dii tien de tra gia cho sii p h i t t n e n

khdng cd ke hoach. \'iec chuyen ddi

dat san xuat ndng nghiep sang cic

muc dich xay dufng va p h i t t n e n kmh

te da giy ra nhiing t i c ddng tieu cue

ve mat kinh te va mdi tru'dng. Vi du.

tii giua thap men 80 den giiia thap

men 90 cua the ky XX. d i n sd d

Atlanta tang cumg ty le vdi Portland,

song tdc dp tang tru'dng cua Portland

cbl la 2°o trong khi Atlanta tang

trudng gap ddi. Atlanta da tang thue

dat 22%. trong khi Portland giam

thue dat 29%-\

Dat ndng nghiep cd vai trd cung

cap hang hoi va dich vu phi thi

tru'dng. Dat trdng trot va chan nudi

cung cap thiic pham va ndi cU t n i cho

ddng vat hoang da. kiem soit lu. bao

ve dat am va ngudn nu'dc. dam bao

chat lu'dng khdng khi. Dat ndng

nghiep cd the hap thu va Ipc nu'dc thai

va cung cap ngudn nu'dc sach.

Vdi gan 1 ty man dat d cic trang

trai. dat ndng nghiep d My chiem mdt

phan dien tich rat ldn. Hoat dpng

canh tic ndng nghiep cd tic ddng

quan trpng ve mat smh thai. Vi vay.

viec chuyen ddi dat ndng nghiep tdi

cic muc dich xay diing va p h i t t n e n

kinh te xet ve lau dai se cd nhieu tic

dpng tieu ciic ddi vdi chat lugng mdi

tru'dng va cudc sdng cua con ngudi

tren khap toan cau.

Q u i trinh phat t n e n kmh te manh

me dudng nhu cang lam t r i m trpng

them van de d nhiem mdi tru'dng va

cac ngudn nUdc. gay ra nguy cd lii lut.

Viec bao tdn va p h i t t n e n dat ndng

nghiep chinh la giai p h i p tdi Uu de

dat dugc va gianh lai nhutng Ipi ich

lien quan den mdi trudng va xa hdi.

ddng thdi giam rhieu nhutng t i c ddng

tieu cue ddi vdi tu nhien va cudc sd'ng

cua con ngu'di.

<b>2. Cac c h i n h sach bao ton dat </b>

<b>n o n g n g h i e p ciia c h i n h phu My </b>

Han h i n nam 1931 da tan cdng

viing ddng b i n g rdng ldn phia nam

nu'dc IMy. Mua xuan nam 1935. bao

tuyet tran ve da gay thiet hai ldn che

ndng dan d cic vumg ndng thdn nUdc

My. Han h i n , bao bun va suy thoai

kinh te lien tie'p de doa tdi cudc sd'ng

cua ngudi ndng dan. khien thu nhap

cua ndng dan giam manh. Nhieu

ngu'di tim each tuf bd s i n xua't ndng

nghiep, song h i u bet ndng dan deu

trdng chd sii trg giup cua chinh quyen

lien bang nham bao ve da't va duy tri

san xuat ndng nghiep.

Dap lai suf cau vien cua ndng dan,

chinh phu ban hanh Luat Dieu chinh

Ndng nghiep. vien trg mdt k h o i n tien

cho nhutng ndng dan chiu thiet hai do

han h i n . L i n d i u tien chinh quyen

lien bang cung tham gia vao viec xay

diing ke hoach bao tdn da't ndng

nghiep d vumg cd bao bui. T h i n g 3

nam 1933. Cue Lam \TI thufc hien ke

hoach trdng cay de chan gid va ngan

lu. Nam 1942. Cue Lam \-u tiep tuc

trdng rifng de ngan gid va bao ve cic

trang trai. Theo duf i n nay. chinh

quyen lien bang da cd nhutng t h o i

thuan vdi ngifdi ndng dan ve viec sif

dung da't trdng cay. Cue L i m vu

khdng chi tra tien thue da't cho ndng

dan de trdng cay ma cdn tra tien de

hg canh t i c . Ddi vdi nhieu ndng dan.

day la nhiing khoan tien cd y nghia

quan trgng trong thdi ky khd khan.

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CHAU MY NGAY NAY _{SO 12-2009} ₅₉
dat b i n g nhutng bien p h i p b i o tdn da't

hieu qua nha't. Cd q u a n p h u t r i c h van
de t i i dinh cU va a n n i n h ndng nghiep
dam n h a n ccng viec n a y v i o n a m
1937. N a m 1938, Cd q u a n b i o tdn dat
canh t i c tiep q u a n cdng viec nay. Cd
quan b i o tdn d a t c a n h t i c (Soil
Conseravation Service) thudc Bd Ndng
nghiep My dUdc t h a n h lap n a m 1935
n h a m giiip ndng d a n bao tdn da't ndng
nghiep. Cd q u a n hao tdn da't canh t i c

cung cap tai c h i n h v i chuyen gia
n h a m hd trd ndng d i n ufng d u n g cic
bien p h i p chd'ng xdi mdn t r o n g ndng
nghiep. Cd t h e ndi, t r o n g q u i t r i n h b i o
tdn dat ndng nghiep, chd'ng lai sU xdi
mdn v i suf t i n p h i cua t h i e n nhien,
chinh quyen lien b a n g cd mdt y nghia
r a t q u a n trgng t r o n g viec dieu tiet suf
phat trien ciia n g i n h ndng nghiep My
v i phuc hdi da't ndng nghiep.

Bd Ndng n g h i e p My da cd ri't n h i e u
chinh s i c h bao tdn n h a m b i o ve
ngudn lufc tuf n h i e n v i mdi trUdng.
Luat An n i n h Ndng n g h i e p v i D a u t u
Ndng thdn n a m 2002 da md rdng tai
trd cho c i c chUdng t r i n h bao tdn
ngudn lufc tuf n h i e n , t a p t r u n g vao viec
gia t a n g c i c chUdng t r i n h lien q u a n
den da't ndng n g h i e p .

Mpt so' phUdng thufc c a n h t i c , nhU
khai t h i c v i bdn p h a n q u a n h i e u cd
the gay t h o a i h o i cac n g u d n lufc tuf
nhien, t r o n g k h i cac phUdng thutc
k h i c n h u bao t d n da't cho ddng v a t
hoang da cd t h e cumg cd' n g u d n lufc tU
nhien. Cac n h i h o a c h d i n h chinh s i c h
quan t a m n h i e u hdn v i d i u tU n h i e u
hdn cho c i c chUdng t r i n h bao tdn

ngudn lufc tuf n h i e n , b i o ve mdi trUdng
va giam nhutng n g u y cd gay t i c h a i
ddi vdi mdi trUdng.

N a m 2007, dii t i n h cac quy bao tdn
ngudn lufc tuf n h i e n se cd g i i tri gap
ddi c i c quy bao tdn t h e o duf l u a t ndng
nghiep 1996-2001, t r o n g dd 2/3 gia tri

cua c i c quy b i o tdn t a p t r u n g vao dat
canh t i c .

C i c chUdng t r i n h b i o tdn dat ndng
nghiep la mpt p h i n trong nd lufc cua
chinh quyen Lien b a n g n h i m b i o ve
v i duy tri ngudn liic tii nhien. NhUng
nd lufc b i o tdn va q u i n ly dat bao gdm
c i da't ndng nghiep, nhUng cung xoay
q u a n h c i c chUdng t r i n h cua Cue Lam
vu. Cue Q u i n ly dat va c i c cd quan
q u a n ly k h i c cua Lien bang.

Chi tieu cho b i o tdn dat ndng
nghiep chi chiem k h o i n g 1,7% trong
tdng mute chi tieu n h i m b i o ve cic
ngudn liic tuf n h i e n cua chinh quyen
Lien b a n g l i 32,7 ty USD n a m 2004^

C i c chUdng t r i n h b i o tdn ndng
nghiep cua Bp Ndng nghiep My noi

c h u n g bao gdm:

- C i c chUdng t r i n h phuc hdi da't
ngufng sii d u n g da't cho s i n x u a t ndng
nghiep t r o n g mpt thdi gian d i i (it
nha't 10 n a m ) .

- C i c chUdng t r i n h canh t i c dat
cung cap suf hd trd ve cdng nghe va tai
chinh cho ngudi ndng d a n n h a m dUa
vao ufng d u n g c i c phUdng thufc b i o tdn
da't cho s i n xua't ndng nghiep.

- C i c chUdng t r i n h bao tdn dat mua
mdt so' quyen suf d u n g da't n h a t dinh,
n h a m duy t r i da't cho muc dich s i n
xui't ndng nghiep.

- Bp Ndng nghiep My hd trd ndng
d a n ve m a t ky t h u a t , cdng nghe de cai
t h i e n mdi trUdng t r o n g q u i t r i n h s i n
xua't ndng nghiep.

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da't. Nam tai khoa 2000, 90% sd tien

dugc chi t r i cho viec bao tdn da't ndng

nghiep dUdc t r i tnic tie'p cho ndng

dan sd hiiu da't^

ChUdng trinh Duf trQ Bao tdn (CRP)

dugc trien khai sau khi cd duf luat

ndng nghiep nam 2002. Sau khi

ChUdng trinh n i y dugc trien khai,

dien tich da't dUdc bio tdn da tang tuf

34,4 trieu len den 39,2 trieu mau da't'°.

ChUdng trinh Duf trut da't am

(WRP) da l i m tang dien tich da't

dUdc bid tdn tii 1,075 trieu m i u len

den 2,275 trieu mau. Duf luat ndng

nghiep cung i p dung cho 250.000

mau da't mdi mdi n a m " .

ChUdng trinh b i o tdn di't ndng

nghiep v i chan nudi gia siic (FRPP)

nham t i i trd cho cac chinh quyen

bang, bp tpc hay chfnh quyen dia

phUdng v i cic td chufc cua tU nhan de

mua quyen p h i t trien va duy tri da't

cho s i n xua't ndng nghiep. Trong giai

doan 1996-2001, chUdng trinh bio tdn

di't ndng nghiep va chan nudi gia sue

nhan dUdc tdng cdng hdn 50 trieu

USD mdi nam. Theo duf luat ndng

nghiep nam 2002, chUdng trinh nay

se dUdc t i i trd 597 trieu USD trong

giai doan tuf 2002-2007.

ChUdng trinh duf trU da't trdng cd

(GRP) dUdc trien khai n h i m cai thien

v i bio tdn ddng cd theo nhUng t h o i

thuan cho thue d i i ban (10, 15, 20, 30

nam hoac lau hdn). Theo duf luat ndng

nghiep, quy tai trg trong chugng trinh

nay len den 254 trieu USD trong 6

nam. Trong giai doan tuf 2003-2005,

chUdng trinh n i y da tai trd cho ndng

dan 177 t n e u USD'^

Chifdng trinh Bio tdn Khan cap

(ECP) giup ndng d i n khdi phuc da't

ndng nghiep hi t i n p h i bdi thien tai.

Dac biet, chUdng trinh nay ciing

n h i m giai quye't cic van de nhu da't

dai bi suy mdn, giim nang sui't da't,

hay q u i trinh khdi phuc da't dai ddi

hdi chi phi q u i td'n kem de'n mufc can

cd suf trg giiip cua chinh quyen lien

bang de dUa da't dai vao suf dung

trong muc dfch canh t i e ndng nghiep,

hay da't dai bi tan p h i den mufc khd cd

the phuc hdi d khu vufc dd.

Cac chUdng trinh thuy ldi, chUdng

trinh bao tdn va phat trien ngudn lufc

(RC & D) hd trg cho cac cdng ddng dia

phUdng ngan lii, cung cap nUdc va

dam bao chat lugng cua ngudn nUdc.

<i>Khi nen kinh te trang trai phat </i>

trien, ndng dan ngay cang nhan thiic

dUdc r i n g , cac chinh sach cua chinh

phii da t i c ddng de'n Idi nhuan san xuat

v i kinh doanh ndng nghiep. Trg cap va

cic chinh sach ndng nghiep cd the hd

trd cho ndng dan va viec san xua't, tieu

thu cac hang hoa ndng pham trong

nhiing giai doan khd khan. Ben canh

dd, chinh sach dat ndng nghiep cua

chinh phu ddng mdt vai trd vd ciing

quan trgng trong hoat ddng ndng

nghiep. Cac van ban luat ve quyen sd

hutu, su dung da't dai va muc dich suf

dung da't ndng nghiep cd vai trd dang

ke trong viec khuyen khich ndng dan

canh tic, s i n xua't hang hoa ndng

pham nham cung cap day du cho nhu

ciu ve lUdng thufc thufc pham ciia tat ca

cic khu vufc khac trong nen kinh te,

d i p ufng muc tieu xua't khau hang hoa,

nang cao chat lugng cudc sd'ng cua con

ngUdi. Nhan thufc ve tam quan trgng

ciia cic chinh sach da't ndng nghiep cua

Chinh phu the hien sau sic d nhiing

khu vufc cd quy md da't ndng nghiep

han hep va d ndng thdn. Tai cac khu

vufc dd thi, ngudi dan dudng nhU khdng

cd nhan thufc thich dang ve tam quan

trgng cua da't ndng nghiep trong qua

trinh s i n xua't va trong nen kinh te.

<b>3. Ket qua thufc h i e n </b>

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CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 12-2009 61
trinh m u a quyen p h i t t r i e n da't ndng

nghiep (PDR). C i c chUdng t r i n h m u a
quyen p h i t t r i e n d a t dai d cac b a n g
tren nUdc My da tieu td'n g i n 1,4 ty
USD va bao ve dUdc 922 m i u di't ndng
nghiep, trong k h i dd c i c chUdng t r i n h
mua quyen p h i t t r i e n da't cua c i c
chinh quyen dia phUdng da tieu td'n
604 trieu U S D va b i o ve t h e m 214
m i u di't ndng n g h i e p . O cap dp lien
bang, chudng t r i n h Bao ve d a t trdng
trpt va c h a n nudi cua chinh quyen lien
bang da tieu td'n k h o a n g 53 t r i e u USD
trong giai doan tuf 1996-2001. Tinh
de'n n a m 2 0 0 i , chUdng t r i n h b i o ve
dat ndng nghiep cua chinh quyen lien
h a n g da b i o ve k h o a n g 108.000 m i u

dat ndng nghiep^l

ChUdng t r i n h Duf trut Bao tdn (CRP)
theo du l u a t n d n g n g h i e p My 2002 da
bao ve dugc 39,2 t r i e u m i u d a t ndng
nghiep. ChUdng t r i n h Dut trU d a t am
da bao ve dUdc 2,275 t r i e u m i u di't

nong nghiep vao n a m 2 0 0 2 ' \

ChUdng t r i n h B i d ve^ da't trdng trpt
va chan nudi (FRPP) n h i m cung cap ve
mat t i i chinh de m u a quyen p h i t trien
d i t dai, duy tri muc dich suf dung dat
nong nghiep cho trdng trpt v i chan
nudi. N a m 2003, chUdng t r i n h da tieu
td'n 75 trieu U S D va hao ve dUdc g i n
120.000 m i u da't ndng n g h i e p " .

ChUdng t r i n h duf trU da't t r d n g cd
(GRP) da tao cd hdi cho ndng d i n b i o
ve, phuc hdi va p h a t t r i e n ddng cd
tren da't dai cua hp.

Nam 2007, ChUdng trinh^ B i o tdn
Khan cap (ECP) da p h a n bd 16 trieu
USD cho 18 h a n g d My. ChUdng t r i n h
n i y tap t r u n g vao c i c vumg b a n h a n ,
bao lut va da hd trd ra't n h i e u cho ndng
dan trong viec s i n xua't ndng nghiep^^.

ChUdng t r i n h Bao t d n va P h i t t r i e n
ngudn lufc (RC&D) la mdt cdng cu
chinh s i c h cua My n h a m t a n g cUdng
bao tdn v i p h i t t r i e n n g u d n lufc t y
nhien, t a n g cUdng h o a t ddng k i n h te,
cai thien mdi trUdng v i n a n g cao mufc

sdng. ChUdng t r i n h nay cung thiey
lap va c i i t h i e n he thd'ng dieu phdi d
c i c k h u vufc ndng thdn. Thiic te, ngUdi
ndng d a n d vumg ndng thdn nUdc My
da dUdc suf trd giiip r a t ldn tif chUdng
t r i n h nay, va chinh p h u cung dat dUdc
muc tieu b i o tdn c i c ngudn lufc tii
n h i e n t h d n g qua chUdng t r i n h n i y .

0 My, n g i y cang cd nhieu ngUdi
q u a n t a m de'n g i i tri xa hdi cua dat
ndng nghiep khi dien tich dat nong
nghiep d a n g bi t h u hep do suf dung vao
c i c muc dich p h i t trien cdng nghiep,
dich vu khac. C i c muc tieu q u i n ly
ngudn lufc tuf nhien vao d i u the ky 21
k h i da dang, bao gdm: dn dinh lUdng
cung cap lUdng thufc, b i o ve ngudn
nUdc, b i o ve da dang sinh hpc, bao tdn
khdng gian md. C i c muc tieu nay cung
la n h d n g van de t h i c h thufc dat ra
khdng chi ddi vdi c i c n h i hoach dinh
chinh s i c h ma ddi vdi t o i n the nUdc
My ciing nhU cdng ddng the gidi •

<i>Tdi lieu tham khdo: </i>

<i>1. Conservation and Enviroment. </i>

http://www,usda.gov/documents/FarmBill07consenvs

um.pdf

<i>2. Dennis Keeney, Loni Kemp, 2003. A New </i>

<i>Agricultural Policy for the United States. </i>

www.mnproject.org/pdf/A%20New%20Agriculture'!(,2
0Policy%20for%20the%20U.S,%20by".,20Dennis%2
0Keeney%20%20Lo..pdf

3. Nganh nong nghiep My: Tam quan trong dang thay

doi.

http;//vietnamese,Vietnam.usembassy,gov/doc_usecon
omy_viii.html

<i>4. Sanaz Memarsadeghi, Raj Patel, 2003. Agricultural </i>

<i>Restructuring and </i>

<i>Concentration in the United States: Who wins, who </i>

/ose.9? -g/pubs/policy/pb6.pdf

<i>Chu thich: </i>

I) tnam,usembassy.gov
2); 4) Agriculture Fact Book,

3); 5) Agricultural Statistics, www. usda,gov
6); 7) U.S Census Bureau.

8); 9); 13) www. usda.gov

10); 14) hUp;//www.nrcs,usda.gov/programs/crp/
I I ) s,usda.gov/Programs/WRP/
12) a,gov/programs/GRP/
15) http://www,nrcs,usda.gov/programs/frpp/
16)a,gov/FS.A/webapp','area

</div>

<!--links-->
<a href='http://www,usda.gov/documents/FarmBill07consenvs'>http://www,usda.gov/documents/FarmBill07consenvs </a>
<a href='-g/pubs/policy/pb6.pdf'> -g/pubs/policy/pb6.pdf </a>
<a href='tnam,usembassy.gov'> tnam,usembassy.gov </a>
<a href=''> usda.gov </a>
<a href='s,usda.gov/programs/crp/'> hUp;//www.nrcs,usda.gov/programs/crp/ </a>
<a href='s,usda.gov/Programs/WRP/'> s,usda.gov/Programs/WRP/ </a>
<a href='a,gov/programs/GRP/'> a,gov/programs/GRP/ </a>
<a href='http://www,nrcs,usda.gov/programs/frpp/'> http://www,nrcs,usda.gov/programs/frpp/ </a>
<a href='a,gov/FS.A/webapp'>16)a,gov/FS.A/webapp','area </a>