Sử dụng phương pháp trắc nghiệm khách quan nhiều lựa chọn về môn thiên văn học đại cương để kiểm tra đánh giá kiến thức kỹ năng sinh viên sư phạm

sCr DUNG PHl/ONG PHAP TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN
NHIEU Ll/A CHpN VE MON THIEN V A N HOC DAI Cl/ONG
DE KIEM TRA DANH GIA KIEN THCTC KY N A N G S I N H V I E N SI/ PHAM
Trinh Thi Thoa
Khoa Vat ly
Truing DHSP - DHQG Ha Noi
Muc tieu nghien cihi phuotig phap tr^c nghiem
Ddi vdi qua tnnh day hge, kidm tra dinh gii kd't qua hgc tip nam trong qui trinh
dao tao eon ngudi mdi theo muc dich giao due. Vi viy no eo tic diing chi dao viec hge
ciia ngudi hge va viec day ciia giao vien. Do do diing vide dinh gii dd hudng viec day
va hgc theo nhung muc tieu dao tao xae dinh.
Kidm tra dinh gia la dgng luc thiic day ngudi hge, cd tie dung de ngudi hge nhin
ra kha ning nam kie'n thu'c ciia hg, nham phin loai sang Igc, kidm tra dinh gii dd dinh
hudng thiic d^y manh me boat ddng day hgc.
Kidm tra dinh gii ket qua hgc tip ciia ngudi hge nham xae dinh nhu ciu hgc tip
cua ngudi hge, lam ebo ngudi hge bie't kha nang ciia minh so vdi yeu ciu chung ciia viec
hgc tip. Mat khae eiing la can eU dd dinh gii giao vidn vd mat ning luc giang day.
Scan thao he thong cau hoi trac nghiem khach quan nhieu lua chon (MCQ)
/ . Mifc tieu giang day Thien van Dai cuang
Day mdn thidn vin trong nha trudng gdp phin chUng minh rang: thuyet chii nghla
duy vit Ijeh sir la diing, vi no phat sinh tren eo so nhu ciu ciia xa hdi loai ngudi.
1. Chi ebo ngudi hgc thiy rang vu tru khdng phai do trdi sinh ra ma tdn tai cd quy
luit, va con ngudi cd thd nam bit duge quy luit dd.
2. Tao ebo ngudi hgc quan nidm the' gidi tdn tai khach quan va c6 quy luit tu
nhien.
3. Ngudi hge khdng chi bie't cd cdng thUe, cich tinh ma eon phai hidu tai sao phai
diing cdng thUc dd, muc dieh eiia phep tinh la gi, tai sao phai dd cip de'n hgc ehuong
nay, mdi lidn quan giua eac phin hgc ra sao, va vai trd cua no trong khoa hgc, ddi sd'ng
nhu the' nao?
Tom lai: Sau kbi hgc xong mdn Thidn vin Dai cudng ngudi phai phai:
- Nam dugc eac kie'n thue long quit vd vQ tru, nam duge nhung kie'n thiic Thien

vin CO ban nhit pho bid'n nhi't de lam cdng tic giang day b ph6 thdng, c6 kha ning
tuyen truydn giai thich gdp phin bai trU md tin di doan.
- Hidu dugc nhiing hidn tugng Thidn van, nhung cdng cu toan hgc, nhung dinh
luit vi phuong phap vat ly, nghidn c\ui cie vin dd cu thd, gdp phin eung cd kie'n thiic
toin, ly da hgc.

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2. Ngi dung giang day Thien van:
He't ngay lai dem, ban ngay cd mat trdi, ban dem cd trang sao, nhung hidn tugng
mu6n hinh mu5n ve trong biu trdi da kich thich de to md va tri tudng tugng cua con
ngudi.
1. Vu tru ciu tao nhu the' nao.
2. Quy luit vin dgng va ban chit cua eac thien thd ra sao.
3. Co md'i lien he gi giira biu trdi va trai dit.
3. Tinh hinh kiem tra tvttruac den nay.
TCr trudc de'n nay viec kidm tra dinh gia ket qua hgc tip cua ngudi hgc vd mdn
Thien van hgc dai cuong theo kieu e6 truydn. Ra de kidm tra theo kieu tU luin, do dd
ke't qua kiem tra chua dugc chinh xae va khach quan.
- Kidm tra dinh gii nay dan din mi't tie dung vi khdng thiic day ngUdi hge de hgc
tip.
- Viec quay cop ciia ngudi hgc ngay mot gia ting.
Dd cai tie'n phuong phap giang day, ning cao chit lugng kie'n thirc nhin duge ciia
ngudi hgc mot cich chinh xae khach quan, trinh sir quay cop trong thi eir ein ehgn mot
phuong phap kidm tra dinh gia thich hgp.
4. Sogn thdo he tlwng can hoi trac nghiem khach quan nhieu lua chon:
4.1. Muc tieu cua bai trac nghiem.
yeu cau ngudi hgc nam duge mdt so kie'n thiic eo ban tir dd de'n khd, phin loai
ngudi hoc cung c6' kie'n thiife ebo hg dd ehuin bi thi he't mdn. Ddi vdi giio vien xem lai

each giang day ciia minh eon thid'u sot gi?
4.2. Soan thao he thd'ng ciu hdi:
Nguydn tic soan thao mot bai trie nghiem khach quan nhieu lUa ehgn ve mdn
Thien van dai cUOng la de kiem tra dinh gia chit lugng cua ngudi hgc qua do xem xet
lai ndi dung cHu hdi ciia giao vien cd dat yeu cau hay khdng.
Cac bud^c tie'n hanh de danh gia bai tr^c nghiem khach quan nhicU lira chon
1. Xdc dinh muc tieu giang day:
Vi bai kidm tra giua mdn vdi ngi dung xae dinh nen chung tdi yeu ciu ngUdi hgc
phai nim bat dugc kie'n thii:c tir de de'n khd, tii don gian de'n phiic tap. Viy ngudi hgc
phai nam dugc eac trinh dd sau: bid't tii hien, hidu, va vin dung. Yeu ciu viy la vi diy
mdi kidm tra dd cung cd kie'n thiire cho ngudi hge.
2. So lugng cau hoi trong Ixii trac nghiem:
- Dd kidm tra c6 30 ciu hdi vdi 5 phuong an lua ehgn cho mdi ciu.
- Td chire kidm tra giira mdn.
3. Cham bai trac nghiem
4. Ddnh gia ky nang kie'n thi(c nhgn dugc cfia ngif&i hgc:
Qua diy tha'y rang kie'n thiire ky nang tiep thu eiia ngudi a mUe do de cao hon kho
hay miic dd tai hien cao hon hieu va van dung.
5. Ddnh gia ket qua bai trac nghiem MCQ - Cdc loai diem ciia bai trac nghiem:

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a. Didm thd: Cd 30 ciu moi ciu cd 5 phuong an lua chon, ne'u lam dung ca 30 ciu
vm6i ciu 1 didm) thi duge 30 didm dd ggi la didm thd.
b. Didm chu£n: Cd nhidu loai didm chuin theo tieu chuin khae nhau.
c Phin loai didm theo dudng eong phin bd:
Dinh diu thanh tieh cua ngudi hge va cho didm eac bai trac nghiem dua vao
dudng eong phin bd ebuin hinh qua chudng, ne'u bai ra cd dang gin dang dudng eong
phin bd ehuin thi bai trie nghiem chip nhin dugc.

d. Dinh gia ciu hoi trie nghiem qua su phin tieh thdng ke:
- Xet do khd de cua bai trie nghiem.
- D6 phin biet ciia eac ciu hoi bai trac nghiem
- D6 tin ciy.
Khi soan bai trie nghiem MCQ phai dua vao muc tieu, ndi dung giang day. Qua
dd ngudi hgc phai dat tdi mUe dd nao thi mdi dugc thi hge phin. Do do phai kidm tra
dinh gii kiS^n thUe ky ning cua ngudi hgc bang thanh tieh hgc tip, lam phuong tien chi
dao viec dinh hudng viec hgc tip.
Mot so ket luan chung
1. U'u didm: Qua thue nghierri da nit ra duge mot sd ke't luin sau:
a. Dinh gii dung thue chit kie'n thiic ky nang cua ngudi hgc mdt cich khich
quan.
b. Han che' tdi da hien tugng quay cop trong kidm tra.
c. Trong khi kidm tra mgi ngudi ddu chim chii lam bai cua minh.
d. Didm kidm tra dinh gia la didm khach quan, cdng bing, vdi kidm tra nhu the'
ngudi hgc se'ctem ehi hge tip.
2. Nhugc didm: Ngudi hgc khdng thd nhin xet, phin tieh danh gia dugc cic ciu
hoi.
3. M6t sd ki^n nghi: Kidm tra dinh gia (kie'n thUc) ke't qua hge tip cua ngudi hge
bang phuong phip trac nghiem khich quan chua dugc pho bien rgng rai d nudc ta, trong
khi dd phuong phip nay da thuc hien a hiu bet cie nudc tren the' gidi. Viy 66 tai nen
duge diu tu nghien cUu, ip dung cai tie'n phuong phip kidm tra danh gia bang phuong
phap trie nghiem khach quan cho phii hgp vdi tinh hinh hien nay nhim mang lai sU
cdng bang trong danh gia kie'n thUc hge sinh.
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1. Nguydn Dinh Chinh. Vin dd dat ciu hoi cua giao vien dUng Idp. Kidm tra danh
gii viec hgc tip ciia hge sinh. Ha Ndi 1995, tr.53-90.
2. Trin Bi Hoanh. Danh gia trong giio due. Ha Ndi 1995.
3. Le Thi Oanh. Trie nghiem va do ludng. Bai giang cho thae si khoa 5.
4. Le Diic Phuc. Cd sd ly luin ciia viec danh gia trong day hoc pho th6ng. Dd tai

B94-37-43HaN0i 1994.
5. Le DUc Phuc. Mdt sd bai chuyen khao va thir ddi mdi viec danh gia trong day
hgc. De tai B94-37-43. Ha Ndi 1994

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6. Pham Hihi Tdng. Dinh hudng hinh dgng hge tip trong day hgc vat ly. Bai giang
cho Idrp thac si khoa 5.
7. Nguydn Xuin Hiing (bien dieh). Trie nghiem vi do ludng eo ban trong giao
due. Ha N6i 1995.
8. Nguyen Dtic Thim va ctg. Phuong phap giang day vit ly d eac trudng PTTH
Lien X6 va CHDC Dire. Tip I. Ha Ngi 1984. Tai lieu dieh.
9. Pham Vie't Trinh va Nguyen Dinh Noan. Giao trinh thien van dai cuong. Ha
N6i 1994.
10. Partrik-Griffin. Trie nghiem va danh gii. Ha NOi 1994. Tai lieu dich.
11. Nhihig CO sd ciia ky thuit trie nghiem. Tai lieu sir dung ngi bd. Ha Ngi 1994.
12. H6i nghi Khoa hgc toan qude vd day hgc. Vit ly va dao tao giao vien vit ly.
Ha N6i 10/1996. Tr.24-32.
13. E. Rybka.Ogdlna aetronomiezna. Warszawa 1974.
Test is an advanced method using for testing students' knowledge at schools,
especially at the Hanoi Teacher's School in teaching astronomical physics. Using testing
method, students can get the fair scores. Wehope that testing methodwith multiple
choices will be able to use at the schools all over Vietnam.

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