Lựa chọn nào đối với phát triển bền vững trong du lịch ở Việt Nam

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NHUNG NGHICN CUU MOI TRONG KHOfl HOC KINH

,;?

#

Lira chon nao doi v6i phat trien ben vCrng

trong Du ljch d Viet Nam?

Th.s Le Trung Kien

Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc ddn

Phat then ben vimg la nhung thuat ngUma It nhieu chung ta da tUng nhin, tifng nghe 
va tung dgc. Cd tdi 24 trieu danh muc lien quan den thuat ngW'phat trien ben vifng 
-sustainable development" khi sif dijng tim^ kiern thuat ngUnay bing phin mem Google.

Tham gia nghien cUu, tai trg ve phat then ben vUng phai ke den cac to chUc quoc te 
cd danh tieng nhu: OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); 
WCED (World Commission on Enviroment and Development); WTO (World Travel 
Organization); UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural 
Organi-zation). So lugng ngudi^ va cac to chUc quan tam ngay cang nhieu va khdng ngifng gia 
tang cho tha'y phat then ben vung la het sUc quan trgng. Tren thuc te, phat trien ben 
vUng cd the lien quan tdi mgi ITnh vuc: mdi trudng, van hda, xa hdi, khoa hgc, kinh te, 
chinh tri hoac tren nhieu khia canh ciia mdt van de trong kmh doanh: nhan su, 
mar-keting, iai chinh, quan ly chien lugc. Viet Nam la nudc dang phat then vdi lua chgn Du 
lich nhula mdt nganh kinh te mui nhgn. Lua chgn nay cung khdng nim ngoai quy luat 
va xu the chung ciia the gidi la cin phai phat trien ben vung. Tuy nhien, phat then ben 
vung trong Du lich cung cd nhieu guan diem khac nhau: phat then ben vung theo quan 
diem cUng rin hay theo quan diem nhugng bd la van de cin dugc lam rd de Du Itch 
Viet Nam cd can cUphat then.

Bay viet nay se phin nao trinh bay ve lua chgn phii hgp cho phat then ben vimg 
trong Du lich o Viet Nam.

1

Phat trien ben vufng 
Khai nhiem ben vCfng khdng
phli g i n day mdi ed ma dupe
hinh thanh ti/the ky 18, khi ma
gd la nguyen lieu chinh trong
cac nganh cdng nghiep mang
lai ldi ich kinh te: nhien lieu dot,
lam nha xudng,^dd ndi that. Khi
dd, de danh ddi Ipi ich kinh te
ma gd mang lai thi Ipi ieh mdi
trudng bj mat mat, dd la dp pjiii
xanh ciia ri/ng bi suy giam t r i m
trpng. Den nhufng nam ciia
thap ky 1970, nhi/ng nghien
ciiii ciia cac nha kinh te hpc
cung nhu sinh thai hpc ve phat
trien ben vufng da ra ddi. Bd'i
cinh eho t h i y phat trien kinh te
la ed gidi han trong md'i lien ke't
ehat ehe vdi bao ve mdi trudng.

Theo thdi gian, nhufrig
nghien ei/u ve phat trien ben 
vumg eho thay: khdng ehi kinh 
te va mdi trUdng la mau^thuan
duy nhit trong phat then ben

vUn_g ma cdn nhi/ng mau
thuan d eae khia eanh khac:
van hda (phcng tuc, tap quan

sinh heat truyen thd'ng trudc
xu hudng phat trien hien dai),
xa hdi (ed viee lam hay that
nghiep, edng barig xa hdi),
edng nghe (nghe thii edng
truyen thdng trude cae tie'n bd
khoa hoe ky thuat) va tham chi
c l ve ehinh trj.

Cd tdi hPn 100 khai niem
khac nhau lien quan den phat
trien ben vu'ng. Bai viet nay xin
ehl ra mdt sd eae khai niem
dupe nhieu ngudi c h i p nhan
va si/dung.

Theo Uy ban nghien ei/u
mdi trudng va phat trien
(World Commission on
Envi-ronment and
Development-WCED), 1987 thi: 'Phat then

ben vung la each thUc sirdung 
cac ngudn luc nham dap Ung 
nhu ciu cita con ngudi trong 
khi van bao ve mdi trudng vdi

muc dich khdng chi dap img 
nhirng nhu ciu con ngudi d 
hien tai ma cdn phai cho the 
he tUdng lai"'. Khai niem nay

ham y phat trie'n kinh te p h l i
song hanh vdi b l e ve ehlt

lypng trong md'i quan he tUdng
hd. Dang sau dd chinh la mdi
quan he giCfa con ngudi vdi the
gidi ty nhien. Ben canh dd,
khdng dUpc loai bd kha nang
hudng thu eiia the he tUdng lai
dupe hudng c h i t lUpng sdng
td't, it nha't la b i n g vdi ehat
lupng cudc sd'ng ma hien tai
chiing ta dang hudng thu.

Theo td chL/e b i o tdn thien
nhien qud'c te (International
Union for Conservation of
Nature- lUCN).- "Phat then ben

vung la nhung quy dinh ma 
con ngudi phai tuan thit va chia 
se vdi nhau de quan tam den 
trai dat. Theo dd, con ngudi 
khdng dUdc phep lay di tif tu 
nhien nhieu lign kha nang ma

tu nhien cd the phue hdi"\ Ndi

each khae, eon ngudi phli ed
hanh vi i/ng xi/ va chpn con
dudng phat trien tdn trpng cac
gidi han ciia ty nhien. Dieu nay
cd the thye hien ma khdng bat
bude ti/ bd eae Ipi ich ma khoa
hpc cdng nghe hien dai mang
lai mien la eae edng nghe nay

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^ H U M G NGHICN CUU MOI TRONG KHOfl HOC KINH TC

Mo hinh 1: Tam giac can bang phat trien ben vung trong du ljch

(Nhu d u khach du ljch dupc thda man)

(Moi tri/dng tU nhien du'de

quan tam, bao ve) (LcJi ich cpng dong dan cU dja phuong)

phli nam trong cac gidi han
ciia ty nhien.

Theo td chi/c Du lich the gidi
(WTO): That then'^ben vimg

dUdc hieu let cd sd cita viec 
bao tdn tai nguyen vdi muc 
dich phat then va md rdng mdt

hoat ddng theo hudng td't hdn 
trong tUdng lai bing each dam 
bao ring cac ngudn tai 
nguyen se dugc ben vifng tren 
tat ca cac khia canh: sinh thai, 
kinh te, van hda va xa hdi"\

Theo quan diem nay, phat
trien ben vCfng khdng chi xoay
quanh quan he dd'i lap giCfa Ipi
ich kinh te vdi Ipi ich mdi
trudng ma cdn lien ddi sang
cae khia canh khae nhu van
hda, xa hdi. Khai niem nay ddi
hdi mdt phat trien ben vufng
nhung toan dien tren nhieu
khia canh.

Nhin ^chung cac khai niem
phat trien ben vCfng deu chi ra
rang trong mdt the gidi bien
ddng va khdng ngi/ng phat
trien, nhu'ng quan he ddi
khang ve mat Ipi ieh tren cac
mat: kinh te, mdi trudng t y
nhien, van hda, xa hdi dan dan
xuat hien. Nhung quan he ddi
khang nay d n phai dupc giai
quye't tren quan diem can
bang giua cac lpi ich de d i m

b i o phat trien nhUng van ben
vufng.

2. Phat trien ben vufng 
trong Du ljch

Phat trien ben vufng trong du
ljch dupc coi la phd bien va L/U
tien hang d i u tai mdi qude gia
cd td chi/c hoat ddng du ljch.
Ne'u du ljch trudc day dupe coi
la mdt hoat ddng xa xi va ton
kem thi nay da trd nen la hoat

ddng phd bien va dai chiing.
Du ljch la mdt nganh kinh te
tdng hpp, da nganh, da Imh
vyc. Hoat ddng du ljch lien
quan tdi ta't ca cac nganh va
ITnh vyc: van tai, djch vu luu
trii, djch vu an udng, vien
thdng, xay dyng, ndng nghiep,
thii cdng nghiep, giao due. Mpi
thi/ ma khach du ljch cd the sif
dung hoac mud'n tim hieu,
kham pha deu cd the dUa vao
hoat ddng du Ijeh de khai thac.
Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh phat
trien du ljch, mdi qude gia deu
khdng tranh khdi nhQ'ng mau

thuan ve Ipi ich kinh te do
chinh hoat ddng du ljch mang
lai vdi nhiirig Ipi ich ve tai
nguyen ty nhien (mdi trudng
khi quyen, mdi trudng nudc, he
ddng thyc vat), ve van hda
(ciia ngifdi dan dja phUdng),
ve xa hdi (viec lam, phan biet

giau ngheo).

Cu the hon, nhu cau an
chifa trong mdi kjiach du ljch
la vd han. Nhu d u nay, tnidc
tien, ciia mdi ca nhan chi ddn
gian la nhu d u tim hieu, xem
de biet, tie'n tdi la dupc sd md
va tiep theo la dupc sif dung,
traJ nghiem. Khi nhu d u ciia
mdi ca nhan trd thanh nhu d u
ciia so Idn khach du ljch vdi sy
xua't hien ciia hien tiidng "lay
lan tam ly" thi nhi/ng nhu d u
sir dung, trai nghiem trd thanh
Cau ciia nhufng ddi hdi vupt
qua gidi han dap ifng cua
Cung trong hoat ddng du ljch.

Mdt rap chieu p h i m c d gidi
han sd chd ngdi; mdi diem

tham quan cd tai nguyen ty
nhien hay nhan tao cd gidi han
ve sifc chifa; khach san hay
nha hang cd gidi han ve sd
ngudi dupc phue vu; phUdng

Mo hinh 2: Du lich ben vCing trong moi quan he phat 
trien tong the

van hda
ban dia
/ Chinh \ \
1 tri

f Kinh te \

f dja
\ phuang

j

Giao due
dia
phuong

y f Viec lam \

Du ljch X
ben vurig )

\ /Khong
1 I gian my

j \ quan

/ Moi \
trudng ty )
y nhien /

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NHIJNG NGHICN CUU MOI TRONG KHOfl HOC KINH

m

tien van ehuyen ed gidi han ve

so ngudi dupc luu hanh; van
hda b i n dia cd gidi han ve k h i
nang chju I n h hudng trude
van hda ngoai nhap. Tap hpp
cac gidi han lien quan de'n
hoat ddng du ljch neu tren ddi
hdi phat trien du ljch mudn coi
la ben vCrng p h l i xet tdng the
va d i y dii cac gidi han chju
dyng tren cac mat lien quan
de'n hoat ddng du Ijeh.

Md hinh 1 la mdt trong
nhCfng md hinh ddn g i i n nhat
ma phat trien ben vi/ng trong
du ljch dupc de cap.

Phat trien ben vUng trong du

ljch tai mdt dia phUdng la phat
trien tdng the va can bang tren
nhieu mat: kinh te dja phUdng,
van hda ban dja, tinh trang
viec lam, mdi trudng ty nhien,
khdng gian my quan, giao due
dja phUdng (Md hinh 2).

3. Lya, chon nao doi vdi 
phat trien ben viimg trong 
Du ljch d Viet Nam?

3.1 Nhurng quan diem 
khac nhau doi vdi phat trien 
ben vung trong Du ljch

Mae du phat trien ben vufng
trong du Ijeh la het sifc quan
trpng, mang lai nhufng lpi ieh to
Idn, nhUng viec thyc hien no
met each toan dien khdng he
de dang. Cdng viee trd nen
khd khan hdn khi nhu'ng xung
dot lpi ieh n i y sinh va cd p h i n
tram trpng hPn trong qua trinh
phat trien du ljch. Trong qua
trinh thye hien, cd nhufng thdi
diem hoac trudng hpp ma Ipi
ich kinh te dja phifdng hay
hoat ddng du Ijeh khdng the

song hanh ciing vdi lpi ich b i o
ve mdi trudng; van hda dia
phUdng khdng cUdng ndi van
hda ngoai lai do khaeh du lich
mang tdi.

Viec dat dupe Ipi ich nay
dudng nhii phai ed sy danh ddi
bang sy m i t m i t eiia Ipi ich
khac.

Vi du tai Viet Nam:

- Pha ri/ng ngap man de
nudi tdm (Phat trien kinh te,
suy thoai tai nguyen)

- Xay dyng thiiy dien lam

mat dat, di dan (Phat trien kinh
te, anh hudng xa hdi viec lam)
- Lam dudng giac thdng qua
ri/ng qud'c gia (Phat trien ha
t i n g , suy thoai tai nguyen)

-Md rdng ri/ng qud'c gia
(thay ddi sinh ke dja phUdng)

Mdt sd cac vi du dien hinh
qua cac phUdng tien truyen

thdng dai chiing:

- Xay dyng Khaeh san tai
ddi Vpng Canh d Hue.

- Khai thac than vdi bao tdn
di san thien nhien tai Ha Long
- Nudi nhd't hd tai Binh
DUdng.

Chinh nhufng van de tranh
eai nay da dan den nhi/ng
quan diem khac nhau trong
phat trien ben vufng ndi chung
va trong du Ijeh ndi rieng.

Quan diem cung ran 
Quan diem nay tap trung
nhieu vao van de gin giuf va
b i o ton eae gia trj thude ve
truyen thd'ng (van hda, xa hdi)
hay cac gia trj thudc ve thien
nhien (thien nhien nguyen sP
khdng cd sy can thiep bdi ban
tay eon ngiidi).

Theo dd, lpi ich thudc ve dja
phUdng ndi la diem den du ljch
nhu mdi trUdng ty nhien, van
hda, xa hdi, td chi/c chinh trj

dupc eoi trpng va b i o ve he't
si/c nghiem ngat. Theo dd,
cho dii thye hien hoat ddng du
ljch theo phUdng thiic nae thi
nhufng ldi ich nay phai dupe
d i m b i o tuyet ddi theo hudng
tich eye.

Quan diem cifng ran ddi khi
dupc cho la cd tinh bao thii
nhiing nd dupc d i m b i o dya
tren cac Ipi ich dja phUdng: gia
trj van hda, mdi trudng b i n
dja, gia tri xa hdi tdn tai lau dai.

Quan diem nay khdng cho
phep danh ddi cac gia trj ma
dia phUPng vd'n dang ed vdi
cac ipi ieh kinh te hay ehinh trj
nao khac.

Ban than quan diem nay
eung dupe danh gia khae
nhau:

- LTu diem: Quan diem ei/ng
ran giiip b l e tdn gia trj dia

phUPng nhu mdi trudng ty
nhien, van hda dja phUPng,

dac biet nhu'ng ye'u td thude ve
truyen thd'ng mdt each td'i da.

- NhUdc diem: Khdng s i n
sang chap nhan sy danh ddi,
tie'p nhan nhdng yeu td ben
ngoai, cho du trong dd cd
nhi/ng ye'u td mang tinh tich
cyc. Chinh vi the, quan diem
Cling ran trong phat trien du
ljch ben vi/ng han che tham
gia, can thiep ciia cac hoat
ddng ed anh hudng ve mat vat
ly hufu hinh hoac ngay ea cac
hoat ddng kinh te, van hda cd
anh hu'dng tdi mdi trudng van
hda, xa hdi, han che sy tham
gia ciia cac nha dau tu kinh te
trong ITnh vyc du ljch nhU:
khaeh san, nha hang, vui chpi
g i l i tri vi it nhieu, cac nha dau
tu nay se p h l i xay dyng ha
tang, phat trien djeh vu theo
diing yeu d u ciia khaeh.

Quan diem nhupng bo 
Quan diem nhupng bd hay
cdn gpi la ed lya chpn tap
trung vao viee den bu, bdi
hoan cho cac the he tUdng lai

ve viee da khai thac sif dtjng
tai nguyen du Ijeh ty nhien va
van hda de phue vu nhu d u
khach du ljch hien tai.

Theo quan die'm nay, de cd
dupe nhu'ng ldi ich tren mdt sd
khia canh n h i m thuc day hoat
ddng du lich, phat trien kinh te
dja phUPng, ddng thdi thda
man nhi/ng nhu d u tim hieu
eiia khach du ljch se ed mdt sy
mat mat, hy sinh tren cac mat
khac ve mdi trudng hay tham
nhap van hda ngoai lai. Nhufng
ma't mat nay dupc danh gia,
nghien ci/u va bii lai bang
nhung Ipi ieh kinh te, edng
nghe, ky thuat hoac chinh trj.

Nhuvay, quan diem nhupng
bd the hien mdt sy bdi hoan
clio nhCfng gia tri bj mat mat
dudi nhCrng gia tri ed Ipi khae
eho dja phUPng.

Quan diem nhupng bd eho
t h i y mdt sd khd khan sau:

- Xae dinh thdi gian phue hdi

tai nguyen ty nhien du lich

- Lupng hda kinh te gia trj ty

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^ H U N G NGHICN CUU MOI TRONG KHOfl HOC KINH TC

nhien d n dugc bdi hoan khi 
bude phai danh ddi b i n g cac
gia trj kinh te

- Viee nhupng bd ed the
c h i p nhan va mang lai lpi ieh
ehd mdt vai tDen tham gia
nhung ehua c h l e da la tat ca
cae ben tham gia.

Mac dii vay, cd r i t nhieu
nghien ci/u cung nhU eae dy
an dupc thyc hien thdng qua
cae hdi nghi^ hdi t h i o de cap
de'n quan diem nhUdng bd nay
de tim ra gili phap danh ddi
giua eae gia trj nhUng van d i m
bao nhCrng nguyen t i e ehinh
eiia phat trien du lich ben
virng. Mdt trong cae dy an
dupe bie't den la Dy an xiic tien
b i o tdn trong bd'i c i n h xa hdi
(Advancing Conservation in a
Social Context- ACSC) cd sy

tham gia eiia Trung tam
nghien ei/u tai nguyen va mdi
trudng thudc Dai hpc Qud'c gia
Ha Ndi. Muc dich ciia ACSC la
nang cao k h i nang eiia eae
ben lien quan ehinh trong viec
xae dinh, phan tieh va dam
phan eae lya chpn (hoac danh
ddi) gii/a b i o tdn va phat trien
trong tUPng lai.

Sau khi xet tdi dieu kien va
bd'i d n h phat trien du lich d
Viet Nam. Dy an ACSC eho
rang quan diem phat trien du
Ijeh d Viet Nam se dya tren
quan diem phat trien ben vu'ng
ed nhupng bd. Mdt each khac
ma ACSC de cap tdi la: B i o

Quoc gia

Malaysia
Singapore
Thai Lan
Viet Nam

Quy 
dinh &

Chinh 
sach 
12 
1 
52 
98

Quy djnh ve 
moi trudng

44 
27 
78 
94

Nguon 
iuc con

ngudi

22 
1 
65 
84

Nhan thurc 
ve du ljch 
quoc gia

22

13 
20 
87

(Thif hang thap the hien vi th cang cao, xep hang tren 130 quoc gia 
diem den, nam 2008)

nang lUe canh tranh trong du
Ijeh xe'p hang tren 130 qude
gia diem den nam 2008,
chiing ta deu thay Viet Nam ed
ba mat manh tUPng ddi neu so
sanh thi/ hang tUPng i/ng vdi
cac nude trong khd'i ASEAN la:
Malaysia, Singapore, Thai
Lan, dd la:

Nhu'ng tieu chi dupc gpi la
Ipi the eiia Viet Nam neu tren
nhu: An ninh/ an toan; Canh
tranh ve gia; Ngudn lyc t y
nhien la nhi/ng yeu td de thu
hilt khach du lich qud'c te den
vdi Viet Nam.

Tuy nhien, nhung tieu ehi
dupe xac dinh la phii hpp va
cd Ipi eho phat trien ben vCfng
trong Du lich la nhCfng tieu ehi:
Quy djnh & chinh saeh; Quy

dinh ve mdi trudng; Ngudn lyc
con ngudi; Nhan thi/e ve du
lich qude gia. t u y nhien, xet
theo tieu ehi nay thi Viet Nam
dat vi tri bat Ipi so vdi eae nUdc
lan can neu tren.

Viec xac dinh phat trien ben
vufng trong Du lich theo hudng

Quoc gia

Malaysia
Singapore
Thai Lan
Viet Nam

An ninh/ an 
toan 
26 
8 
115 
51

Canh tranh 
ve gia ca 
3

25 
11

7

Nguon luc 
tu nhien 
101 
98 
75 
48

(Thif hang thap the hien vi th cang cao, xep hang tren 
130 quae gia diem den, nam 2008)

tdn trong bd'i d n h xa hdi ed
can nhle cac sy lya chpn.

3.2 Lya chon nao dd'i vdi
phat trien ben vung trong
Du ljch d Viet Nam

Trong bai "Thir nhan dien
Du ljch Viet Nam" ciia TS.
Nguyen Oinh Hda, xet theo

nao p h l i dya tren vj the hien
tai ciia Viet Nam trdn trudng
qud'c te va phu thudc yao muc
tieu phat trien trude mat va lau
dai ciia qud'c gia.

Trudc tien, ehiing ta xae

djnh Viet Nam la nude dang
phat trien. Neu muc tieu trudc

m i t coi du ljch la nganh kinh te
mui nhpn trong phat trien kinh
te qud'c gia va mtJc tieu lau dai
phat trien kinh te b i n g con
dudng du Ijeh nhUng hai hda
trong md'i quan he vdi phat
trie'n ben vCrng tren cac mat
khac thi viec lya chpn chi mdt
trong hai quan diem ci/ng rIn
hay nhupng bd deu gap phai
nhUng khd khan.

Chinh vi vay, chiing ta cd
the sif ^dtjng md hinh phan
viing de phat trien ben vUng
trong du ljch d Viet Nam dudi
day. Day la md hinh phat trien
ben vi/ng ke't hpp hai quan
diem: ben vi/ng ci/ng ran va
ben vCfng nhupng bd. Md hinh
nay phat huy dugc uu the lya 
chpn du Ijeh la nganh ^kinh te
mui nhpn theo quan diem phat
trie'n ciia Oang va Nha nudc
Viet Nam theo hUdng hai hda,
ben VUng vdi cac mat khac
nhu van hda, xa hdi, mdi

trudng sinh thai, chinh trj.

Chiing ta md phdng theo md
hinh dudi day bang mdt khu
vyc ty nhien (ri/ng qude gia,
khu b i o tdn thien nhien) hay
khu vyc dan c u sinh sd'ng (bin
lang dan tdc, khu sinh hoat
cdng ddng). Theo md hinh nay,
khu vyc nghien euli dugc chia 
thanh cac vung cd ranh gidi
phan each (Md hinh 3).

V u n g loi (core zone) la
viing nam trong eiing, day la
khu vyc dugc dac biet ton 
trpng, dugc ap dung phat trien 
ben vung trong Du lich theo
quan diem ci/ng ran, khdng
chap nhan bat cG mdt sy danh 
ddi nao. Khu vyc nay gid'ng
nhu cdi ngudn mang cac gia trj
ty nhien, van hda, ljch si/, xa
hdi ed tinh nguyen sP, truyen

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NHUNG NGHICN CUU MOI TRONG KHOfl HOC KINH

•

M6 hinh 3 Vung loi

(Core Zone)

Vung dem
(Buffer Zone)
Vung trao ddi
(Interactive

Zone)

thdng dupc gin giti', b i o tdn.
Day la khu vyc nhay e l m nha't,
d n dupc gin giCf, bao tdn trUde
nhu'ng can thiep t i / ben ngoai.

Vupt khdi viing Idi dupc
ngan each bdi ranh gidi phan
each la de'n vdi khu vpc vung
dem (buffer zone). Vung dem
la khu vyc mang nhieu gia trj
ty nhien, van hda, Ijeh si/, xa
hdi eiia viing Idi nhiung da it
nhieu bj can thiep va lai tap
trong qua trinh phat trien Ijeh
sif. Chinh vi vay, khu vyc nay
ed the phii hpp cho phat trie'n
cac hoat ddng du Ijeh ed lya
chpn. Nhu'ng bien phap, quy
djnh phap ly chat ehe ia yeu
d u d n thie't de thyc thi hoat
ddng du ljch d khu vyc nay.

Viing ngoai cung dUpc gpi la

vung trao doi (interactive
zone). Day la khu vyc ma hoat
ddng du Ijeh cung nhU cac
hoat ddng kinh te khac cd the
phat then ty do theo cP che thj
trUdng nhung dudi sy quan ly
ciia Nha nude. Khu vyc nay la
khu vyc dupc eoi la cd thieh
ifng eao n h i t dd'i vdi tac ddng
ciia mdi trudng do qua trinh
tUdng tac qua lai gii/a viing vdi
mdi trudng xung quanh.

Viec phan chia viing bdi eae
ranh gidi the' hien viee phat
trien hoat ddng du lich p h l i
dupe lya chpn va sang Ipc tiiy
thudc vae yeu e l u chp phep
ciia mdi viing. Cang gan vao
vung Idi, yeu d u ddi vdi hoat

ddng du ljch cang khat khe va
phai dupc kiem seat chat che.
Ndi tdm lai, phat trie'n ben
vung trong Du lich hudng tdi:

- Dam b i o sir dung tai
nguyen mdi trudng mdt each
tdi Uu de nhung tai nguyen nay
hinh thanh mdt ye'u td quan

trpng trong phat trie'n du ljch,
duy tri nhirng qua trinh sinh
thai thie't ye'u va hd trp eho
viee b i o tdn tai nguyen thien
nhiien va da dang sinh hpc.

- Tdn trpng b i n s i c van hda
xa hdi ciia cac cdng ddng d
cac die'm den, bao tdn di s i n
van hda va nhung gia trj
truyen thd'ng trong cudc sd'ng
ciia hp va tham gia vao qua
trinh hieu biet va chap thuan
cae nen van hda khac.

- B i o dam nhung lpi ich kinh
te, xa hdi dupc phan phd'i cdng
bang va hpp ly cho ta't c l mpi
thanh vien tham gia: doanh
nghiep, dan sd tai, chinh
quyen dja phUdng.

- Mang lai sy hai Idng, thda
man tim hie'u, kham pha ciia
khaeh du ljch.

Viec lya chpn phat trien ben
vi/ng trong Du Ijeh theo hydng
nao cho ti/ng viing, mien p
Viet Nam la tiiy thude vao

hoan d n h kinh te, van hda, xa
hdi, mdi trUdng ty nhien va
ehinh trj. Trong hoan ^ d n h
hien tai, ke't hpp phat trien ben
vufng trong Du lich theo d hai
quan diem ei/ng ran va

nhupng bd la phii hpp vdi Viet
Nam. Cach thi/c nay dya tren
md hinh phan viing da neu
eho phep Viet Nam dat dupe
c l hai miJC tieu tang trudng
kinh te bang du Ijeh va phat
trie'n ben vCfng hai hda vdi eae
mat van hda, xa hdi, mdi
trudng sinh thai, chinh trjB.

1 World Commission on the
Environment and Development (WCED
-1987), Our Common future, WCED
publication.

2 lUCN (International Union for
Conservation of N a t u r e - lUCN)
(Thang 4- 1998), Hoi thao ve phat
then ben vuTig va du lich sinh thai cl
Viet Nam, Ha Noi.

3 WTO (World Travel
Organiza-tion), Feb- 1997, Tourism 2000:

Building a Sustainable Future of
A s i a - Pacific, Final report from Asia
Pacific ministers's conference on
tourism and environment, Maldives.

Tai lieu tham khao:

1. D u a n xuc tie'n bao ton trong boi
canh xa hoi do Trung tam nghien CL/U
tai nguyen va moi trUdng (Advancing
Conservation in a Social
Context-ACSC) thuoc Dal hoc Quoc gia Ha
Noi thirc hien (ORES), Ha Long,
thang 7/ 2009, Bao cao Hpi thao
Khung phan tich trong nghien eifu
qua trinh ra quyet dinh ve danh ddi
giiJa bao ton va phat trien.

2. TS. Nguyen Dlnh Hoa, "ThCr
nhan dien Du lich Viet Nam" (thang 2/
2009), Tap chi Kinh te & Phat then,
so 140.

3. WCED (World Commission on
the Environment and Development),
1987, Our Common future, WCED
publication.

4. lUCN (International Union for
Conservation of Nature- lUCN)

(Thang 4 - 1998), Hpi thao ve phat
trien ben virng va du lich sinh thai d
Viet Nam, Ha Noi.

5. WTO (World Travel
Organiza-tion), Feb- 1997, Tourism 2000:
Building a Sustainable Future of
A s i a - Pacific, Final report from Asia
Pacific ministers's conference on
tourism and environment, Maldives.

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