Tải bản đầy đủ (.pdf) (136 trang)

Xây dựng hệ thống bài tập hóa học phần hợp chất hydrocacbon lớp 11 nhằm rèn luyện tư duy trong việc bồi dưỡng học sinh khá giỏi hóa học ở trường trung học phổ thông

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (924.9 KB, 136 trang )

I H&ơ1
NG
75
1*
I H&63+
M
.+2$+ẽ$
*******

VTHTIP

;ặ<'
NG HTH1*%ơ,7
3+ẽ$+
C PHN HP
CH7+,52&$&%21/
P 11 NH05ấ1/8<
17
DUY TRONG VIC BӖ,'Ѭ
ӤNG HӐ&6,1+.+È
±GIӒI
+Ï$+
ӐC Ӣ75Ѭ
ӠNG TRUNG HӐC PHӘ7+Ð1*

.+Ï$/8
ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP
CӰ 1+Ỉ16Ѭ3+
ҤM

Ĉj1


̽ng, WKiQJ
QăP


I H&ơ1
NG
75
1*
I H&63+
M
.+2$+ẽ$
*******

;ặ<'
NG HTH1*%ơ,7
3+ẽ$+
C PHN HP
CH7+,52&$&%21/
P 11 NH05ấ1/8<
17
DUY TRONG VIC BӖ,'Ѭ
ӤNG HӐ&6,1+.+È
±GIӒI
+Ï$+
ӐC Ӣ75Ѭ
ӠNG TRUNG HӐC PHӘ7+Ð1*

.+Ï$/8
ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP
CӰ 1+Ỉ16Ѭ3+

ҤM

*LiRYLrQKѭ
ӟng dү
n 7K63KDQ9ă
6LQKYLrQWK
ӵc hiӋ
n : VӓThӏTiӃ
p
Lӟp
: 10SHH

Ĉj1
̽ng, WKiQJ
QăP


ĈҤI HӐ&Ĉ¬1
ҸNG
CӜ1*+2¬;­+
Ӝӎ
CHӪ1*+Ƭ$9,
ӊT NAM
75Ѭ
Ӡ1*Ĉ+63
Ĉӝc lұp - Tӵdo - HҥQKSK~F
.+2$+2È
--------------------------------------------------

NHIӊM VӨ.+Ï$/8

ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP
HӑYjWrQVLQKYLrQ
:
VӒTHӎTIӂP
Lӟp

:

10 SHH

7rQ
ӅWjL
³;k\
ÿ ͹ngG
h͏th͙QJ EjL
̵S KyD
͕
W
c ph̯n
Khͫp ch̭W KLÿURFDFE
lͣp 11 nh̹
PUqQOX\
͏
QW˱GX\WURQJYL
͏
c b͛
LG˱
ͩng h͕
FVLQKNKi
±gi͗LKyDK

͕

WU˱
ͥng 7+37´
2. 1JX\rQOL
Ӌ
u, dөng cөYjWKL
Ӄ
t bӏ
:
- DӵDWUrQFiF\rXF
ҫ
XSKiWKL
Ӌ
Q+6FyQăQJO
ӵc trӣWKjQK+6NKi
±giӓ
L+yD

Fÿ
Ӆxuҩ
t nhӳng biӋ
QSKiSSKiWKL
Ӌ
n, tәchӭc bӗ
LGѭ
ӥQJ+6NKi
±giӓ
L+yDK
ӑ



WUѭ
ӡQJ7+37YjVR
ҥ
n thҧ
o hӋthӕQJEjLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
p phҫ
n hӧp chҩ
WKLÿURFDFERQ
lӟp 11
WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQKÿ
ӇUqQOX\
Ӌ
QWѭGX\FKR+6WURQJYL
Ӌ
FSKiWKL
Ӌ
QYjE
ӗLGѭ
ӥng HS
NKi
±giӓ
L+yDK
ӑc ӣWUѭ
ӡng THPT.
- 0i\WtQKYjP
ӝ

t sӕphҫ
n mӅ
m tin hӑc.
3. NӝLGXQJQJKLrQF
ӭu:

- 1JKLrQ
ӭX Fѫ
ӣ
FOt
ұ
V
Q
OX
Yj
ӵc tiӉ
WK
n vӅviӋ
c bӗLӥ

QJ +6*
ӑ
c KRi
ӣ
K
WUѭ
ӡng THPT.

- 1JKLrQF
ӭu mӝt sӕnӝ

LGXQJFѫE
ҧ
QWKѭ
ӡQJÿѭ
ӧFÿ
Ӆcұ
Sÿ
Ӄ
QWURQJFiF
thi chӑ
Q+6*KyDK
ӑFFҩSWKjQKSKӕYjTX
ӕc gia.

- ĈӅxuҩ
t nhӳng biӋ
QSKiSWtFKF
ӵFÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
QQăQJOӵFFӫDQK
Fy NKҧ
QăQJ WUӣ WKjQK
±giӓ
L +yD
ӑ
+6
c phҫ
nK
NKi

hidrocacbon lӟp 11 ӣWUѭ
ӡng
THPT.

- ĈӅxuҩ
t mӝWVӕELӋQSKiSWәFKӭFYjEӗL
±

JLӓLP{Q+yDӣWUѭӡQJ7+37
- 6ѭXW
ҫ
m, lӵa chӑ
Q[k\G
ӵng hӋthӕQJEjLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
p phҫ
n hidrocacbon lӟp
11 bӗLGѭ
ӥQJ+6NKi
±giӓ
i ӣWUѭ
ӡng phәWK{QJ
4. Giҧ
QJYLrQKѭ
ӟng dү
n : ThS. 3KDQ9ăQ$Q
.
1Jj\JLDRÿ
ӅWjL

: 10/09/2013.


1Jj\KRjQWKjQK
: 24/05/2014.
ChӫnhiӋ
m khoa
.êYjJKLU}K
͕
WrQ


GiҧQJYLrQKѭ
ӟng dү
n
.êYjJKLU}K
͕WrQ


3*676/r7
ӵHҧ
L

6LQKYLrQÿmKRj
QWKjQKYjQ
ӝSEiRFiRFKR.KRDQJj\«

t quҧÿL
Ӈ
PÿiQKJLi

..................
1Jj\«WKiQJ«QăP
CHӪTӎ
CH HӜ,Ĉ
ӖNG
.êYjJKLU}K
͕WrQ



LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1

Sau mӝt thӡL JLDQ
ӭX
QJKLrQ
Ӄ
n nay
ÿ luұ
Q
FYăQ
ӧF
ÿm
KRjQ
ÿѭ ӇWKjQK

KRjQ WKjQK
ұ
Q YăQ
OX
Qj\

ӵcӕgҳ
ng
QJRjL
cӫa bҧ
Q WKkQ
V
ұ
Q
W{L
ӧ
ÿѭ
c sӵFzQ Q


ӟng dү
QJL~Sÿ
ӥnhiӋ
WWuQKF
ӫ
DFiFWK
ҫ
\F{JLiRE
ҥ
QEqFQJJLDÿu
7{L[LQJ
ӣi lӡi cҧ
PѫQVkXV
ҳ
Fÿ
Ӄ

n ThS3KDQ9ăQ$QWK
ҫ
\OjQJѭ
ӡLKѭ
ӟng

n trӵc tiӃ
SÿmW
ұ
QWuQKJL~Sÿ
ӥÿyQJJySQKL
Ӆ
XêNL
Ӄ
n quan trӑ
ng trong suӕ
WTXi
WUuQKW{LWK
ӵc hiӋ
n luұ
QYăQ

7{Lӣ
[LQ
i lӡi cҧ
P
J ѫQ
ҳ
F
VkX

Ӄ
Q
ÿ FiF

\ F{
WK JLiR
әSKѭѫQJ
WURQJ
SKi
W

giҧ
ng dҥ
\ YjӇ
WRjQ
FiF
ҫ
\
WK
WK
F{ӫD
JLiR
NKRD


+yD
7Uѭ
ӡQJ
+ Ĉ+63 WKj


phӕĈj1
ҹ
QJÿmJySêW
ҥ
RÿL
Ӆ
u kiӋ
n thuұ
n lӧLJL~SW{LKRjQWKjQ
ұ
QYăQ

7{L[LQFKkQWKjQKF
ҧ
PѫQFiFE
ҥ
n lӟS6++FQJJLDÿuQ
ÿ
ӥÿ
ӝQJYLrQW{LWURQJVX
ӕWTXiWUuQKKRjQWKjQKOX
ұ
QYăQ
XiQWUkQWU
ӑng cҧ
PѫQ

Ĉj1
ҹ
QJQJj\

20 WKiQJQăP

VӓThӏTiӃ
p


MӨC LӨC
0ӢĈҪ8
....................................................................................................................1
/tGRFK
ӑ
Qÿ
ӅWjL
.................................................................................................. 1
2. Mө
Fÿ
tFKQJKLrQF
ӭu ........................................................................................... 2
3. NhiӋ
m vөQJKLrQF
ӭu........................................................................................... 2
4. 3Kѭ
ѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF
ӭu ..................................................................................... 2
5Ĉ
yQJJySF
ӫDÿ
ӅWjL
............................................................................................. 3


&+ѬѪ1*
1: &Ѫ 6Ӣ /é /8Ұ1 9¬ 7+Ӵ& 7,ӈ1 9ӄ %

6,1+*,Ӓ,+Ï$+Ӑ&Ӣ75ѬӠ1*7581*+Ӑ&3+
..................4
1.1.
4XiWUuQKQKұQWKӭF
.......................................................................................... 4
.KiLQLӋPQKұQWKӭF
..................................................................................4
&iFJLDLÿRҥQFӫDQKұQWKӭF
.......................................................................4

7ѭGX\YjSKiWWULӇQWѭGX\WURQ
WK{QJ
....................................................................................................................... 6
7ѭGX\OjJu
?...............................................................................................6
1.2.2.
1KӳQJÿһFÿLӇPFӫDWѭGX\
.......................................................................6
1KӳQJSKҭPFKҩWFӫDWѭGX\
.....................................................................8
1.2.4&iFKuQKWKӭFWѭGX\
..................................................................................9

1.2.55qQOX\ӋQFiFWKDRWiFWѭGX\Yj

WURQJGҥ\KӑFP{QKyDKӑFӣWUѭӡQJWU
................................10


&iFWKDRWiFWѭGX\WURQJG
........................................10

3KѭѫQJSKiSKuQKWKjQKSKiQ
.......12

1.2.6ĈiQKJLiWUuQKÿӝSKiWWULӇQWѭG
..............................................13

9ҩQÿӅSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵF
......................................................13

1KӳQJGҩXKLӋXÿiQKJLiWѭ
........................................14
&iFPӭFÿӝFӫDWѭGX\
......................................................................14

ĈһFWUѭQJFӫDGҥ\YjKӑFKyDKӑF
EұF7+37QyLULrQJ
............................................................................................... 15
1.3*ҳQOLӅQYӟLWKӵFQJKLӋP
.........................................................................15
1.3&ѫVӣOêWKX\ӃWYӳQJYjQJ
.......................................................................16


1.3.3 *ҳQ OLӅQ YӟL FiF YҩQ ÿӅ F{QJ QJK
FKӕQJ$,'6
,« ...................................................................................................16


1KӳQJNӻQăQJFҫQWKLӃWFӫD*9NK
- JLӓLKyDKӑF
........ 16
1.4&iFQKyPNӻQăQJFѫEҧQ
........................................................................16
1.40ӝWVӕFKL
WLӃWWURQJNӻQăQJ
...................................................................17

3KkQWtFKWuQKKuQKWKӵFWӃEӗLG
±JLӓLKyDKӑFӣWU
............................................................................................................................... 19

0ӝWVӕQKұQ[pWFKXQJYӅQӝLG

KӑF7+37KLӋQKjQKSKөFYөFKRYLӋFE
ӑFVLQKNKi
- JLӓ
i ..............20

1KӳQJNKyNKăQYjQKXFҫXFӫD
-JLӓLKyDK
ÿӭQJWUѭӟFWKӵFWUҥQJWUrQ
..................................................................................20
7,ӆ8.ӂ7&+ѬѪ1*
.........................................................................................22

&+ѬѪ1*  1+Ӳ1* %,ӊ1 3+È3 7Ë&+ &Ӵ& Ĉӆ


'ѬӤ1* +Ӑ& 6,1+
- *,Ӓ,
.+È+Ï$ +Ӑ& 3+Ҫ1 +Ӧ3
+,Ĉ52&$&%21/Ӟ3Ӣ75ѬӠ1*7+37
...................................................23

2.1. Mӝ
t sӕnӝLGXQJFѫE
ҧ
QWKѭ
ӡQJÿѭ
ӧFÿ
Ӆcұ
Sÿ
Ӄ
QWURQJFiFEjLW
ӑQ+6
NKi
- giӓ
LKyDK
ӑFFҩSWKjQKSKӕYjTX
ӕc gia ....................................................... 23

0ӝWVӕQӝLGXQJÿmÿѭӧFÿӅFұ
-
JLӓLWKjQ

SKӕP{QKyDKӑFSKҫQKӧSFKҩWKLÿURFD
......23


0ӝWVӕQӝLGXQJÿmÿѭӧFÿӅFұS
- JLӓLTXӕF

P{QKyDKӑFSKҫQKӧSFKҩWKLÿURFDFERQ
.............24
2.2. Nӝ
LGXQJYjP
ӝt sӕbiӋ
QSKiSSKiWKL
Ӌ
Q+6FyQăQJO
ӵc trӣWKjQK+6NK
i
±
giӓi KyDK
ӑc............................................................................................................ 25
1KӳQJ\rXFҫXFKXQJ
...............................................................................25

2.6RҥQWKҧRYjOӵDFKӑQPӝWVӕEj
FiF

\rXFҫXWUr

ÿӇSKiWKLӋQ+6FyQăQJOӵFWUӣWKjQK
- JLӓLKyDKӑF
...........................26
%jLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ

Sÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
QQăQJO
ӵc tiӃ
p thu kiӃ
n thӭc...............................26
%jLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
n khҧQăQJVX\OX
ұ
n logic, lұ
p luұ
n .....................28
%jLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
n khҧQăQJNL
Ӈ
m chӭng .......................................31


%jLOX\

Ӌ
n tұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
QQăQJO
ӵFODRÿ
ӝ
QJViQJW
ҥ
ROX{QWuPÿ
ӡQJÿL
ÿ
Ӄ
n kӃ
t quҧOjFRQÿѭ
ӡng ngҳ
n nhҩ
t ...............................................................33
2.3. Mӝ
t sӕbiӋ
QSKiSWtFKF
ӵFÿ
ӇbӗLGѭ
ӥng HS khi
±giӓLKyDK
ӑc ӣWUѭ
ӡng
THPT ..................................................................................................................... 35


/ӵDFKӑQFiFKJLҧLTX\ӃWFKRG
......................................35
7KD\ÿәLPӭFÿӝ\rXFҫX
.........................................................................37
7KD\ÿәLKuQKWKӭF
...................................................................................40

ÈSGөQJ\rXFҫXFKRPөFÿtFKN
...............................................42
2.4. Soҥ
n hӋthӕng nhӳQJEjLW
ұ
SWѭѫQJW
ӵ............................................................ 44

+ӋWKӕQJEjLWұSFKѭѫQJKLÿURF
.................................................44

+ӋWKӕQJEjLWұSFKѭѫQJKLÿURF
.....................................49
7,ӆ8.ӂ7&+ѬѪ1*
.........................................................................................55

&+ѬѪ1*  Ĉӄ ;87 07 + 7+1*+3
%ơ, /8<

&+7+,52&$&%21/3 7521*48ẩ75ẻ1
6,1+.+ẩ
- *,,+ẽ$+&
..............................................................................57

&KQJKLURFDFERQQR
.................................................................................. 57
&KQJKLURFDFERQNK{QJQR
...................................................................... 65
7,8.7&+1*
.........................................................................................84
.7/81
..............................................................................................................85
7ơ,/,87+$0.+2
......................................................................................87
3+/&
A. HTHNG %¬,7
ҰP BӘ 681*&+ѬѪ1*
B. HӊTHӔNG %¬,7
ҰP BӘ 681*&+ѬѪ1*


DANH MӨ&&È&
CHӲ VIӂT TҲT
Eÿ

:

EDQÿ
ҫ
u

CTCT

:


&{QJWK
ӭc cҩ
u tҥ
o

CTPT

:

&{QJWK
ӭFSKkQW
ӱ

CTTQ

:

&{QJWK
ӭc tәQJTXiW

GV

:

GV

HS

:


HS

HSG

:

HSG

HSGQG

:

HSG quӕc gia

PTHH

:

3KѭѫQJWUuQKKyDK
ӑc

PP

:

3KѭѫQJSKiS




:

phҧ
n ӭng

ThS

:

Thҥ
FVƭ

VD

:

9tG
ө


1

MӢĈҪU
/tGRFK
ӑQÿ
ӅWjL
7URQJ TXi
ӝi nhұ
pWUuQK
vӟi thӃgiӟi, K

nguӗQ QKkQ
ӵF Oj
Ӄ
uOtӕquan
\ trӑ
ng
KjQJÿ
ҫ
u quyӃ
Wÿ
ӏ
QKÿ
Ӄ
n sӵSKiWWUL
Ӈ
n cӫ
Dÿ
ҩ
WQѭ
ӟFYjÿ
Ӈtҥ
RUDÿѭ
ӧc nguӗQQKkQ
lӵc tӕ
WWKuSK
ҧ
LFyP
ӝ
t nӅ
QJLiRG

ө
c tӕt bӣi ³SKiWWUL
͋
QJLiRG
ͭFYjÿjRW
̩
ROjP
͡
t
trong nhͷQJ
͡
ngÿl͹c quan tr͕
QJ WK~F
̱y s͹nghi͏
ÿS F{QJ
͏
SQJKL
KyD
- hi͏
Q
̩
iÿ

KyD
͉
u Oj
ki͏
Q
͋
ÿL

ÿ
SKiW KX\
͛n l͹FQJX
FRQ
ͥL´
±
QJ˱
ChӍthӏ40 ±&77: QJj\

15/6/2004 cӫD%DQ%t7Kѭ'Rÿyÿ
Ӈhӝi nhұ
p tӕ
t vӟLFiFQѭ
ӟFWLrQWL
Ӄ
QWUrQWK
Ӄ
giӟLWKuYL
Ӌ
Fÿ
ҫ
XWLrQOjSK
ҧ
i tҥ
REѭ
ӟc chuyӇ
n biӃ
QFѫE
ҧ
QWRjQGL

Ӌ
n vӅJLiRG
өFYj

ÿjRW
ҥ
RWURQJÿyFyV
ӵWKD\ÿ
ә
i vӅSKѭѫQJSKiSG
ҥ
y hӑFYjNL
Ӈ
PWUDÿiQKJL
ӏ

quyӃ
WĈ
ҥ
i hӝ
LĈ
ҧ
ng lҫ
n thӭ,;ÿmQrX³
Ĉ͝i mͣLSK˱˯QJSKiSG
̩\YjK
͕FSKiWK

W˱ GX\
̩

R
ViQJ
Yj͹
QăQJ
c t͹
W ÿjR
̩oOcͯ
W
D QJ˱
ͥi h͕c, coi tr͕ng th͹F KjQK W
nghi͏
POjPFK
ͯki͇
n thͱFWUiQKQK
͛LQKpWK
͕c v́
t, h͕
FFKD\Ĉ
͝i mͣLYjW
͝chͱc
th͹c hi͏
QQJKLrPPLQKFK
͇ÿ͡thi c͵´

'RÿyQKL
Ӌ
m vөcӫ
DQJѭ
ӡi thҫ
\NK{QJFK

ӍOjWUX\
Ӆ
Qÿ
ҥ
t kiӃ
n thӭFFKR+6P
FzQJL~SFKR+6FySKѭѫQJSK
iSK
ӑc tұ
p tӕ
WĈ
Ӈthӵc hiӋ
Qÿѭ
ӧFÿL
Ӆ
XQj\QKL
Ӌ
m vө

ÿѭ
ӧFÿ
һ
WOrQKjQJÿ
ҫ
u ӣFiFWUѭ
ӡng phәWK{QJOjSK
ҧ
LSKiWWUL
Ӈ
QWѭGX\FKR+


3KѭѫQJSKiSG
ҥ
y hӑc hiӋ
u quҧtrong viӋ
FSKiWWUL
Ӈ
QWѭGX\FKR+6
ӝ

P{QKyDK
ӑFFKtQKOjK
Ӌthӕ
QJEjLW
ұ
SKyDK
ӑF%jL

SKyDK
ӑ
FÿyQJP
ӝWYDLWUz
ҩ
t

quan trӑ
QJӯD
Qy
Oj
ӝiY

dungQvӯD Oj SKѭѫQJ
Ӌ
Q
Ӈÿ
chuyӇ
n tҧ
WL
i kiӃ
n thӭF SKiW

triӇ
QWѭGX\E
ӝP{Q
ӝ
WFiFKKL
P
Ӌ
u quҧ
QyNK{QJFK
ӍJL~S+6F
ӫng cӕQkQJFD

kiӃ
n thӭc, vұ
n dөng kiӃ
n thӭFPjFzQOjSKѭѫQJWL
Ӌ
Qÿ
Ӈ+6WuPWz
LKuQKWKjQ

Ӄ
n

thӭc mӟL9ӟLYDLWUzÿyNK{QJWKӇVӱGөQ

GѭӥQJ OrQ OӟS
RKӃW
FiFFҩS
WUѭӡQJ
Yj
7URQJ
WKL
ĈҥLYj
KӑF
NKLÿѭӧ
WK{

QJj\FjQJWăQJQKѭQJFNJQJFKѭDFyPӝW
XQjRFKtQKWKӭFG

KӑFÿӇVRLViQJKD\ÿӏQKQJKƭDQKӳQJQ

ĈӗQJWKӡLWURQJWKӡLJLDQYӯDTXD*9

PүPWuPEjLFKRÿӫGҥQJÿӫ

ORҥLÿӇWLӃQKjQKEӗLGѭӥQJ

KӋWKӕQJEjLOX\ӋQWұSYӟLFiFGҥQJNKi


OӡLJLҧLKRһFFyKѭӟQJGүQ
OjPӝWYLӋF


2

9uY
ұ
y nghLrQF
ӭXiSG
ө
ng hӋthӕQJEjLW
ұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWWUL
Ӈ
QWѭGX\FKR+

bӝP{QKyDK
ӑ
FOjWK
ӵc sӵcҫ
n thiӃ
WVRQJWKӡLJLDQKҥQFKӃ

QJKLrQFӭX
³Xk\G
͹ng h͏th͙
QJEjLW
̵SKyDK

͕c ph̯n hͫp ch̭WKLÿURFDFER
ͣp
11 nh̹
P UqQ
͏
QOX\
W˱
y trong
GX
vi͏
c b͛Lͩ

ng h͕
F VLQK
±gi͗L
NKi
KyD
͕
cͧ K
WU˱
ͥQJ7+37´
2. MөFÿtFKQJKLrQF
ӭu
;k\G
ӵQJYjV
ӱdө
ng hӋthӕQJEjLW
ұ
SKyDK
ӑc phҫ

n hӧp chҩ
t hidrocacbon lӟp

11 nhҵ
mÿ
ӇQJKLrQFӭX PӝWVӕELӋQSKiS±
SKiW

JLӓL+yDKӑFӣWUѭӡQJWUXQJKӑFSKәWK

WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQKÿӇUqQOX\ӋQWѭGX\F
NKi
±

JLӓLKyDKӑFӣWUѭӡQJ7+37
3. NhiӋ
m vөQJKLrQF
ӭu

- 1JKLrQ
ӭX Fѫ
ӣ
FOt
V
ұ
Q
OX
Yj
ӵc tiӉ
WK

n vӅviӋ
c bӗLӥ

QJ +6*
ӑ
c KRi
ӣ
K
WUѭ
ӡng THPT.

- 1JKLrQF
ӭu mӝt sӕnӝLGXQJFѫE
ҧ
QWKѭ
ӡQJÿѭ
ӧFÿ
Ӆcұ
Sÿ
Ӄ
QWURQJFiF
chӑ
Q+6*KyDK
ӑFFҩSWKjQKSKӕYjTX
ӕ
c gia.

- ĈӅxuҩ
t nhӳng biӋ
QSKiSWtFKF

ӵFÿ
ӇSKiW
hiӋ
QQăQJOӵFFӫDQK
Fy NKҧ QăQJ WUӣ
±giӓ
L
WKjQK
+yD
ӑc phҫ
nKhidrocacbon
+6 NKi
lӟp 11 ӣWUѭ
ӡng
THPT.

- ĈӅxuҩ
t mӝWVӕELӋQSKiSWәFKӭFYjEӗLG
±
JLӓLP{Q+yDӣWUѭӡQJ7+37
- 6ѭXW
ҫ
m, lӵa chӑQ[k\G
ӵng hӋthӕQJEjLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
p phҫ
n hidrocacbon lӟp 11

LGѭ

ӥQJ+6NKi
±giӓi ӣWUѭ
ӡng phәWK{QJ
4. 3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF
ӭu

- 1JKLrQF
ӭXOêOX
ұ
Q FiFYҩQÿӅOLrQTXDQÿӃQÿ
WKjQKSK
ӕ4XӕFJLD

-
ĈLӅXWUD

WKӵFWLӉQQăQJOӵFWѭGX\FӫDKӑ

KLӋQEӗLGѭӥQJKӑFVLQKNKi
±

JLӓLFӫDPӝWVӕWUѭӡQJSKә

-
ĈӅ[XҩWELӋQSKiSWtFKFӵFWURQJYLӋ
±

JLӓL



3

-
ĈӅ [XҩW QJ
PӝW
EjL
KӋ OX\ӋQ
WKӕ
WұS QKҵP UqQ O
GѭӥQJ+6NKi
±

JLӓLP{QKyDKӑF
5Ĉ
yQJJySF
ӫDÿ
ӅWjL

-
ĈӅ[XҩWQӝLGXQJYjPӝWVӕELӋQSKiS
NKi
±JLӓLKyDKӑF

-
0ӝWVӕELӋQSKiSWәFKӭFY
jEӗLGѭӥQJFKRÿӝLWX\Ӈ

WUѭӡQJ7+37Pj*9YjFiFQKyPEӝP{Q+y

-

7ұSKӧSPӝWKӋWKӕQJEjLOX\ӋQWұSG
±
JLӓLP{Q
KyDKӑFSK
ҫ
n hidrocacbon lӟSӣWUѭӡQJ7+37


4

&+ѬѪ1*
1: &Ѫ 6Ӣ /é /8Ұ1 9¬ 7+Ӵ& 7,ӈ1 9ӄ %

6,1+*,Ӓ,+Ï$+Ӑ&Ӣ75ѬӠ1*7581*+Ӑ&3+
1.1.
4XiWUuQKQKұQWKӭF
.KiLQLӋPQKұQWKӭF
[22], [23]

7KHRWͳÿL͋QWUL͇WK͕F
1KұQWKӭFOjTXiWUuQKWiL

GX\FӫDFRQQJѭӡLÿѭӧFTX\ӃWÿӏQKEӣL

QKѭNK{QJWKӇWiFKUӡLWKӵFWLӉQSKҧL

7KHRFX͙Q³*L̫LWKtFKWKX̵WQJͷ7kP
±*tDRG
ͭFK͕F´
1KұQWKӭFO


EӝQKӳQJTX\WUuQKPjQKӡÿyQKӳQJÿҫX
KyDÿѭӧFOѭXJLӳYjVӱGөQJ

+LӇXQKұQWKӭFOjPӝWTX\WUuQKQJK

FRQ QJѭӡL NK{QJ PҩW ÿL
R ÿҫX
Qy
yF
ÿѭӧF
FRQ
FKX\ӇQ
QJѭӡ
QJѭӡLOѭXJLӳYjPmKyD«

7KHR7ͳÿL͋Q*LiRGͭFK͕F
³1KұQWKӭFOjTXiWUuQK

YjWiLWҥRKLӋQWKӵFYjRWURQJWѭGX\F
OjTXiWUuQKOjNӃWTXҧSKҧQiQK

&NJQJFy
WKӇÿӏQKQJKƭD1KұQWKӭFOjTXi

ViQJWҥRWKӃJLӟLNKiFKTXDQYjREӝyF
QKӳQJWULWKӭFYӅWKӃJLӟLNKiFKTXDQ
&iFJLDLÿRҥQFӫDQKұQWKӭF

/rQLQÿmFKӍUDFRQÿѭӡQJELӋQ

FKӭQJFӫDVӵQKұQWKӭF

WUӵFTXDQVLQKÿӝQJÿӃQWѭGX\WUӯXWѭ

FRQÿѭӡQJELӋQFKӭQJFӫDQKұQWKӭF´&

FiFJLDLÿRҥQWӯÿѫQJLҧQÿӃQSKӭFWҥS
QFDRWӯFөWKӇÿӃ

KuQKWKӭFErQQJRjLÿӃQEҧQFKҩWErQWU

- 1K̵QWKͱFF̫PWtQK
/jJLDLÿRҥQÿ
WU͹FTXDQVLQ

QKұQ WKӭF ӣJLDL ÿRҥQ Qj\ FRQ QJѭӡLV
QKҵP QҳP
ұW
EҳW
Ĉk\
ҩ\
Vӵ
Oj
Y JLDL ÿRҥQ WUӵF WLӃS

EҵQJFiFJLiFTXDQFKӍKLӇXELӃWÿѭӧF


5


FiL ULrQJ Oҿ FӫD Vӵ YұW FKѭD NKҷQJ ÿӏ
FKҩWWҩW\ӃXErQWURQJFӫDVӵY
ұW
*ӗPFiFKuQKWKӭFVDX

+ &̫PJLiF
/jKuQKWKӭFÿҫXWLrQFӫDT

JӕFFӫDPӑLKLӇXELӃWFӫDFRQQJѭӡLĈ

QJRjLFӫDVӵYұWYjRFiFJLiFTXDQFӫD

+ 7ULJLiF
 /j Vӵ
S QKLӅX
Wә Kӧ FҧP JLiF Oj KuQ

YұW6RYӟLFҧPJLiFWULJLiFOjKuQK
YұWÿҫ\ÿӫSKRQJSK~KѫQ

+ %L͋X
W˱ͫQJ
/j KuQK ҧQK FӫD Vӵ YұW ÿѭӧ

WѭӧQJFKӍJLӳOҥLQKӳQJ
QpWFKӫ\ӃXQәLEұWQKҩWFӫD

ÿHP OҥL WUѭӟFÿy %LӇX WѭӧQJFy WKӇ ÿѭ

WUӵFTXDQVLQKÿӝQJOrQWѭGX\WUӯXWѭӧ


- 1K̵QWKͱFOtWtQK W˱GX\WUͳXW˱
/jJLDLÿRҥQSKҧ

WUӯX WѭӧQJ NKiL
Ĉk\ Oj
TXiW
TXi
Vӵ
WUuQK
YұW QKұQ WKӭF

KLӋQWѭӧQJÿLVkXYjREҧQFKҩWFӫDVӵ
1KұQWKӭFOtWt
KuQKWKӭFVDX

+ .KiLQL͏P
/jKuQKWKӭFFѫEҧQFӫDWѭ

ÿһ
FWtQKEҧQFKҩWFӫDVӵYұW6ӵKuQKW

WәQJKӧSELӋQFKӭQJFiFÿһFÿLӇPWKXӝ

FyYDLWUzUҩWTXDQWUӑQJWURQJQKұQW
ÿRiQYjW
ѭGX\NKRDKӑF

+ 3KiQ
ÿRiQ

/j Vӵ YұQ GөQJ FiF NKiL QL

ÿӏQKPӝWWKXӝFWtQKPӝWPӕLOLrQKӋQ

FzQOjKuQKWKӭFOLrQKӋJLӳDFiFVӵYұ

+ 6X\OX̵Q
/jKuQKWKӭFWѭGX\WUӯXWѭӧ

QKDXÿӇU~WUDPӝWSKiQÿRiQFyWtQKFK

1KұQ WKӭF FҧP WtQK Yj Ot WtQK NK{QJ

FKһW FKӁ YӟL QKDX .K{QJ
WKu NK{QJ
Fy QKұQ
FyWKӭF
QKұQ

.K{QJFyQKұQWKӭFOtWtQKWKuNK{QJQK


6

Nhӡnhұ
n thӭc cҧ
PWtQKFRQQJѭ
ӡLWKXÿѭ
ӧc tri thӭc vӅFiFV
ӵvұ

WULrQJO
ҿYj

thuӝ
FWtQKF
ӫDFK~QJĈ
Ӈthӵc hiӋ
Qÿѭ
ӧFÿL
Ӆ
XQj\FRQQJѭ
ӡi phҧ
i dӵDYjRWѭG
trӯXWѭ
ӧng.

7ѭGX\YjSKiWWULӇQWѭGX\WURQJ
WK{QJ
[1], [2], [5], [21], [24], [25]
7ѭGX\OjJu
?
7ѭGX\OjPӝWTXiWUuQKWkPOtSKҧQ

OLrQKӋErQWURQJFyWtQKTX\OXұWFӫD
PjWUѭӟFÿyWDFKѭDELӃWÿӃQ

7KHR016DFÿDFRS³7ѭGX\OjVӵQKұQ

KLӋQWѭӧQJWURQJQKӳQJGҩXKLӋXQKӳQJ
FK~QJ7ѭGX\


OjVӵQKұQWKӭFViQJWҥRQKӳQJVӵYұW

FѫVӣQKӳQJNLӃQWKӭFNKiLTXiWKyDÿm

7ѭGX\OjTXiWUuQKWuPWzLYjSKiW

QәLEұWFӫDWѭGX\
Oj³WtQKFyYҩQÿӅ´WӭFOjWURQ

Qҧ\ VLQK 7ѭ GX\ FNJQJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ SKҧQ

WѭӧQJ1KѭYұ\TXiWUuQKWѭGX\OjNK

NKLQҳPEҳWÿѭӧFTXiWUuQKQj\*
9VӁKѭӟQJGүQ+6WѭGX\

TXiWUuQKKӑFWұSYjQJKLrQFӭXWҥRWL

QăQJOӵFFӫDFRQQJѭӡLPӟLFKROӵFOѭӧQ
1KӳQJÿһFÿLӇPFӫDWѭGX\
7ѭGX\Fy
QKӳQJÿһFÿLӇPVDX
- 7tQKFyY̭Qÿ͉FͯDW˱GX\

³7tQKFyYҩQÿӅ´OjQKӳQJWuQKKXӕQJ

ÿӅPӟLPjQKӳQJKLӇXELӃWFNJQKӳQJSK
VRQJNK{QJÿӫVӭFJLҧLTX\ӃW


7ѭGX\FKӍ[XҩWKLӋQ
NKLJһSWuQKKXӕQJFyYҩQÿӅ

FRQ QJѭӡL SKҧL WuP FiFK WKӭF JLҧL TX\Ӄ

QKLrQYҩQÿӅFKӍWUӣQrQ³WuQKKXӕQJ

KXӕQJFyYҩQÿӅQKұQWKӭFÿѭӧFPkXWK
QFKӭDÿӵQJWURQJYҩQ


7

FyQKXFҫXJLҧLTX\ӃWYjSKҧLFyQKӳQJ
VӣÿyWѭGX\PӟL[XҩWKLӋQ

- 7tQKJLiQWL͇SFͯDW˱
GX\ÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWUѭӟF

GөQJQJ{QQJӳÿӇWѭGX\1KӡFy
QJ{QQJӳPjFRQQJѭӡLVӱ

QKұQWKӭF TX\WҳFNKiLQLӋPF{QJWK

YjRTXiWUuQKWѭGX\ SKkQWtFKWәQJ

FiLErQWURQJEҧQFKҩWFӫDVӵYұWKLӋ
.

7tQKJLiQWLӃSFzQWKӇKLӋQӣFKӛW


QKӳQJF{QJFөSKѭѫQJWLӋQÿӇQKұQWKӭ
FK~QJ
1KӡFyWtQKJLiQWLӃSPjWѭGX\FӫD

QăQJWKӭF
QKұQFӫD FRQ QJѭӡL FRQ QJѭӡL NK{

WURQJKLӋQWҥLPjFzQSKҧQiQKÿѭӧFFҧ

- 7tQKWUͳXW˱ͫQJYjNKiLTXiWKyDF

7tQKWUӯXWѭӧQJ/jGQJWUtyF

QKӳQ
JPӕLOLrQKӋTXDQKӋWKӭ\ӃXNK{QJ
WKLӃWFKRWѭGX\

.KiLTXiW/jGQJWUtyFÿӇKӧS

QKyPPӝWORҥLPӝWSKҥPWUWKHRQKӳQ
ÿӏQK

7UӯXWѭӧQJYjNKiLTXiWKyDFyPӕLO

.K{QJFyWUӯXWѭӧQJWKuNK{QJWKӇWLӃQ

NKiLTXiWWKuKҥQFKӃTXiWUuQKQKұQWK

1KӡFyÿһFÿLӇPQj\PjFRQQJѭӡLNK{

ӧFQKӳQJQK

Yө KLӋQ WҥL Pj FzQ JLҧL TX\ӃW ÿѭӧF QKӳ

TX\ӃWQKLӋPYөYүQFyWKӇVҳS[ӃSQyY

QKӳQJTX\WҳFQKӳQJSKѭѫQJKѭӟQJJLҧL

- 7˱ GX\ TXDQ
ͅ YͣL
K͏ FK̿W
QJ{Q
7ѭ GX\
FK
QJͷ
Yj QJ{Q Q

TXDQ KӋ PұW WKLӃW YӟL QKDX 1ӃX NK{QJ


8

QJѭӡLNK{QJWKӇGLӉQUDÿѭӧFÿӗQJWKӡL

ÿRiQ«
FNJQJNK{QJÿѭӧFFKӫWKӇYjQJѭӡ
n.

1J{QQJӳFӕÿӏQKOҥLNӃWTXҧFӫDWѭ


GX\GRÿyFyWKӇNKiFKTXDQKyDNӃWT

FKӫWKӇWѭGX\1JѭӧFOҥLQӃXNK{QJFy

WKDQKY{QJKƭD7
X\QKLrQQJ{QQJӳNK{QJSKҧLOj
duy.

- 7˱ GX\ Fy P͙L TXDQ K͏ P̵W
 7ѭ
WKL͇W
GX\Y

PӭFÿӝFDRQKҩWFӫDQKұQWKӭFQKѭQJFy

WtQK4XiWUuQKWѭGX\EҳWÿҫXWӯQKұQ
WKӭFFҧPWtQKYjWURQJ

SKҧLVӱGөQJQKӳQJWѭOLӋXFӫDQKұQWK

VӣÿӇJL~SWѭGX\SKҧQiQKQKӳQJWKXӝF
1KӳQJSKҭPFKҩWFӫDWѭGX\
7ѭGX\FyQKӳQJ
SKҭPFKҩWVDX

- 7tQKÿ͓QKK˱ͣQJ
WKӇKLӋQӣêWKӭFQKDQKF

FҫQOƭQKKӝLPөFÿtFKSKҧLÿҥWYjFRQ


- %͉U͡QJ
WKӇKLӋQNKҧQăQJYұQGөQJQJ

- Ĉ͡VkX
WKӇKLӋQӣNKҧQăQJQҳPYӳQJQ
VӵYұWKLӋQWѭӧQJ

- 7tQKOLQKKR̩W
: WKӇ KLӋQ ӣVӵ QKҥ\ EpQ WURQ

WKӭFYjFiFKWKӭFKjQKÿӝQJYjRFiFWuQ

- 7tQK P͉P
 WKӇ
G̓R
ӣKLӋQ
KRҥW ÿӝQJ Wѭ GX\ ÿѭӧF
KѭӟQJ[X{LYjQJѭӧFFKLӅX

- 7tQK ÿ͡F
 WKӇ
O̵S
KLӋQ ӣ FKӛ Wӵ PuQK SKi

FiFKJLҧLTX\ӃWYjWӵJLҧLTX\ӃWYҩQÿӅ

- 7tQKNKiLTXiW
WKӇKLӋQӣFKӛNKLJLҧLTX
ÿѭD


UDP{KuQKNKiLTXiW7ӯP{KuQKNKiL
YҩQÿӅFQJORҥL

ĈӇÿҥWÿѭӧFQKӳQJSKҭPFKҩWWѭGX\Qy
SKҧLUqQFKR+6FiFWKDRWiFWѭGX\


9

1.2.4&iFKuQKWKӭFWѭGX\
7ѭGX\
EDRJӗPFiFKuQKWKӭF

- .KiL

QL͏P
/j PӝW Wѭ WѭӣQJ SKҧQ iQK QK

ELӋW FӫD Vӵ YұW KLӋQ WѭӧQJ .KiL QLӋP

ÿLӇPWӟLFӫDTXiWUuQKWѭGX\FNJQJOjÿ

.KiLQLӋPÿѭӧF
[k\GӵQJWUrQFѫVӣQKӳQJWKD

FKRWѭGX\SKkQWtFKYjOjFѫVӣÿӇÿj

PӟL1JRjLUDFiFKRҥWÿӝQJNKiLTXi

FyFѫVӣÿӇWѭGX\YjÿLVkXWKr

PYjREҧQFKҩWFӫDKLӋQWѭ

5} UjQJ QӃX NKiL QLӋP NK{QJ FKtQK [i

ÿӕLWKLӃXFѫVӣWKuVӁGүQWӟLQKӳQJ

KҥQFKӃÿyWLӃSGLӉQWKѭӡQJ[X\rQWKu
&KRQrQ

WURQJTXiWUuQKWUX\ӅQWKөNLӃQWKӭF

WҳF ORJLF WURQJ Wѭ GX\ QJѭӡL*9 VӁ Jy
HS.

7URQJQJ{QQJ
ӳNKiLQL
Ӌ
Pÿѭ
ӧc biӇ
u thӏbҵ
ng tӯhay cөm tӯ9tG
өFiFNKiL
niӋ
PKyDK
ӑ
F³+yDK
ӑF´³1JX\rQW
ӱ´³3KkQW
ӱ´«


- 3KiQÿRiQ
/jVӵWuPKLӇXWULWKӭFYӅ

VӵSKӕLKӧSJLӳDFiFNKiLQLӋPWKӵFKL

1ӃXNKiLQLӋPÿѭӧFELӇXGLӉQEҵQJPӝ
ELӋWWKu

JLӡSKiQÿRiQFNJQJÿѭӧFELӇXGLӉQGѭӟL

NKiL3KiQ
QLӋPÿRiQ
ӧc biӇ
u thӏ
ÿѭ

QJ FkX
ӝ
W SKiQ
P
ÿRiQ
ӇOj ÿѫQ
Fy WK
KD
phӭc.

9tG
ө
³%XWDQOj
ӝ

W KLGURFDFERQQR´Oj
P
ӝWSKiQÿRiQÿѫQ
ӍÿѭDUD
P
mӝt khҷ
QJÿ
ӏ
nh vӅthuӝ
FWtQKF
ӫa sӵvұ
t.

³%XWDQOjP
ӝ
WKLGURFDFERQQRQyNK{QJQ
ӳng bӏWiFKKLGURW
ҥ
RWKjQK

KLGURFDFERQNK{QJQRPjFzQE
ӏJm\FiFOLrQN
Ӄ
t C ±C tҥ
RFiFSKkQW
ӱnhӓKѫQ´Oj
SKiQÿRiQSK
ӭc.

7UrQFѫVӣQKӳQJNKiLQLӋPSKiQÿRi

uQKWKӭFPӣUӝQJ

NLӃQWKӭF0XӕQFySKiQÿRiQFKkQWKӵF


10

QLӋPFKkQWKӵFFKѭDFKҳFFySKiQÿRiQF

NLӋQ WLrQ TX\ӃW FӫD SKiQ ÿRiQ
RWKu
SKiQ
QKӳQ
ÿRi
FKkQWKӵFKѫQ

- 6X\Ot
/jKuQKWKӭFVX\QJKƭOLrQKӋ
SKiQÿRiQPӟL6X\OtJӗPKDLEӝSKұQ

&iFSKiQÿRiQFyWUѭӟFJӑLOjWL

&iFSKiQÿRiQFyVDXJӑLOjNӃW
FӫDWLӅQ
PjNӃWOXұQ

9t Gө $QNDQ Oj KLGURFDFERQ QR
ıEӅQ
WURQ
YӳQJ 



$QNDQWKDPJLDFiFSKҧQӭQJWKӃ

GѭӟLWiFGөQJFӫDiQKViQJ[~FWiFQK

Trong haLSKiQÿRiQWUrQWKu 

×