I H&ơ1
NG
75
1*
I H&63+
M
.+2$+ẽ$
*******
VTHTIP
;ặ<'
NG HTH1*%ơ,7
3+ẽ$+
C PHN HP
CH7+,52&$&%21/
P 11 NH05ấ1/8<
17
DUY TRONG VIC BӖ,'Ѭ
ӤNG HӐ&6,1+.+È
±GIӒI
+Ï$+
ӐC Ӣ75Ѭ
ӠNG TRUNG HӐC PHӘ7+Ð1*
.+Ï$/8
ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP
CӰ 1+Ỉ16Ѭ3+
ҤM
Ĉj1
̽ng, WKiQJ
QăP
I H&ơ1
NG
75
1*
I H&63+
M
.+2$+ẽ$
*******
;ặ<'
NG HTH1*%ơ,7
3+ẽ$+
C PHN HP
CH7+,52&$&%21/
P 11 NH05ấ1/8<
17
DUY TRONG VIC BӖ,'Ѭ
ӤNG HӐ&6,1+.+È
±GIӒI
+Ï$+
ӐC Ӣ75Ѭ
ӠNG TRUNG HӐC PHӘ7+Ð1*
.+Ï$/8
ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP
CӰ 1+Ỉ16Ѭ3+
ҤM
*LiRYLrQKѭ
ӟng dү
n 7K63KDQ9ă
6LQKYLrQWK
ӵc hiӋ
n : VӓThӏTiӃ
p
Lӟp
: 10SHH
Ĉj1
̽ng, WKiQJ
QăP
ĈҤI HӐ&Ĉ¬1
ҸNG
CӜ1*+2¬;+
Ӝӎ
CHӪ1*+Ƭ$9,
ӊT NAM
75Ѭ
Ӡ1*Ĉ+63
Ĉӝc lұp - Tӵdo - HҥQKSK~F
.+2$+2È
--------------------------------------------------
NHIӊM VӨ.+Ï$/8
ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP
HӑYjWrQVLQKYLrQ
:
VӒTHӎTIӂP
Lӟp
:
10 SHH
7rQ
ӅWjL
³;k\
ÿ ngG
h͏th͙QJ EjL
̵S KyD
͕
W
c ph̯n
Khͫp ch̭W KLÿURFDFE
lͣp 11 nh̹
PUqQOX\
͏
QW˱GX\WURQJYL
͏
c b͛
LG˱
ͩng h͕
FVLQKNKi
±gi͗LKyDK
͕
cͧ
WU˱
ͥng 7+37´
2. 1JX\rQOL
Ӌ
u, dөng cөYjWKL
Ӄ
t bӏ
:
- DӵDWUrQFiF\rXF
ҫ
XSKiWKL
Ӌ
Q+6FyQăQJO
ӵc trӣWKjQK+6NKi
±giӓ
L+yD
hӑ
Fÿ
Ӆxuҩ
t nhӳng biӋ
QSKiSSKiWKL
Ӌ
n, tәchӭc bӗ
LGѭ
ӥQJ+6NKi
±giӓ
L+yDK
ӑ
cӣ
WUѭ
ӡQJ7+37YjVR
ҥ
n thҧ
o hӋthӕQJEjLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
p phҫ
n hӧp chҩ
WKLÿURFDFERQ
lӟp 11
WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQKÿ
ӇUqQOX\
Ӌ
QWѭGX\FKR+6WURQJYL
Ӌ
FSKiWKL
Ӌ
QYjE
ӗLGѭ
ӥng HS
NKi
±giӓ
L+yDK
ӑc ӣWUѭ
ӡng THPT.
- 0i\WtQKYjP
ӝ
t sӕphҫ
n mӅ
m tin hӑc.
3. NӝLGXQJQJKLrQF
ӭu:
- 1JKLrQ
ӭX Fѫ
ӣ
FOt
ұ
V
Q
OX
Yj
ӵc tiӉ
WK
n vӅviӋ
c bӗLӥ
Gѭ
QJ +6*
ӑ
c KRi
ӣ
K
WUѭ
ӡng THPT.
- 1JKLrQF
ӭu mӝt sӕnӝ
LGXQJFѫE
ҧ
QWKѭ
ӡQJÿѭ
ӧFÿ
Ӆcұ
Sÿ
Ӄ
QWURQJFiF
thi chӑ
Q+6*KyDK
ӑFFҩSWKjQKSKӕYjTX
ӕc gia.
- ĈӅxuҩ
t nhӳng biӋ
QSKiSWtFKF
ӵFÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
QQăQJOӵFFӫDQK
Fy NKҧ
QăQJ WUӣ WKjQK
±giӓ
L +yD
ӑ
+6
c phҫ
nK
NKi
hidrocacbon lӟp 11 ӣWUѭ
ӡng
THPT.
- ĈӅxuҩ
t mӝWVӕELӋQSKiSWәFKӭFYjEӗL
±
JLӓLP{Q+yDӣWUѭӡQJ7+37
- 6ѭXW
ҫ
m, lӵa chӑ
Q[k\G
ӵng hӋthӕQJEjLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
p phҫ
n hidrocacbon lӟp
11 bӗLGѭ
ӥQJ+6NKi
±giӓ
i ӣWUѭ
ӡng phәWK{QJ
4. Giҧ
QJYLrQKѭ
ӟng dү
n : ThS. 3KDQ9ăQ$Q
.
1Jj\JLDRÿ
ӅWjL
: 10/09/2013.
1Jj\KRjQWKjQK
: 24/05/2014.
ChӫnhiӋ
m khoa
.êYjJKLU}K
͕
WrQ
GiҧQJYLrQKѭ
ӟng dү
n
.êYjJKLU}K
͕WrQ
3*676/r7
ӵHҧ
L
6LQKYLrQÿmKRj
QWKjQKYjQ
ӝSEiRFiRFKR.KRDQJj\«
KӃ
t quҧÿL
Ӈ
PÿiQKJLi
..................
1Jj\«WKiQJ«QăP
CHӪTӎ
CH HӜ,Ĉ
ӖNG
.êYjJKLU}K
͕WrQ
LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1
Sau mӝt thӡL JLDQ
ӭX
QJKLrQ
Ӄ
n nay
ÿ luұ
Q
FYăQ
ӧF
ÿm
KRjQ
ÿѭ ӇWKjQK
KRjQ WKjQK
ұ
Q YăQ
OX
Qj\
ӵcӕgҳ
ng
QJRjL
cӫa bҧ
Q WKkQ
V
ұ
Q
W{L
ӧ
ÿѭ
c sӵFzQ Q
Kѭ
ӟng dү
QJL~Sÿ
ӥnhiӋ
WWuQKF
ӫ
DFiFWK
ҫ
\F{JLiRE
ҥ
QEqFQJJLDÿu
7{L[LQJ
ӣi lӡi cҧ
PѫQVkXV
ҳ
Fÿ
Ӄ
n ThS3KDQ9ăQ$QWK
ҫ
\OjQJѭ
ӡLKѭ
ӟng
dү
n trӵc tiӃ
SÿmW
ұ
QWuQKJL~Sÿ
ӥÿyQJJySQKL
Ӆ
XêNL
Ӄ
n quan trӑ
ng trong suӕ
WTXi
WUuQKW{LWK
ӵc hiӋ
n luұ
QYăQ
7{Lӣ
[LQ
i lӡi cҧ
P
J ѫQ
ҳ
F
VkX
Ӄ
Q
ÿ FiF
Vҫ
\ F{
WK JLiR
әSKѭѫQJ
WURQJ
SKi
W
giҧ
ng dҥ
\ YjӇ
WRjQ
FiF
ҫ
\
WK
WK
F{ӫD
JLiR
NKRD
Fӑ
c±
+yD
7Uѭ
ӡQJ
+ Ĉ+63 WKj
phӕĈj1
ҹ
QJÿmJySêW
ҥ
RÿL
Ӆ
u kiӋ
n thuұ
n lӧLJL~SW{LKRjQWKjQ
ұ
QYăQ
7{L[LQFKkQWKjQKF
ҧ
PѫQFiFE
ҥ
n lӟS6++FQJJLDÿuQ
ÿ
ӥÿ
ӝQJYLrQW{LWURQJVX
ӕWTXiWUuQKKRjQWKjQKOX
ұ
QYăQ
XiQWUkQWU
ӑng cҧ
PѫQ
Ĉj1
ҹ
QJQJj\
20 WKiQJQăP
VӓThӏTiӃ
p
MӨC LӨC
0ӢĈҪ8
....................................................................................................................1
/tGRFK
ӑ
Qÿ
ӅWjL
.................................................................................................. 1
2. Mө
Fÿ
tFKQJKLrQF
ӭu ........................................................................................... 2
3. NhiӋ
m vөQJKLrQF
ӭu........................................................................................... 2
4. 3Kѭ
ѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF
ӭu ..................................................................................... 2
5Ĉ
yQJJySF
ӫDÿ
ӅWjL
............................................................................................. 3
&+ѬѪ1*
1: &Ѫ 6Ӣ /é /8Ұ1 9¬ 7+Ӵ& 7,ӈ1 9ӄ %
6,1+*,Ӓ,+Ï$+Ӑ&Ӣ75ѬӠ1*7581*+Ӑ&3+
..................4
1.1.
4XiWUuQKQKұQWKӭF
.......................................................................................... 4
.KiLQLӋPQKұQWKӭF
..................................................................................4
&iFJLDLÿRҥQFӫDQKұQWKӭF
.......................................................................4
7ѭGX\YjSKiWWULӇQWѭGX\WURQ
WK{QJ
....................................................................................................................... 6
7ѭGX\OjJu
?...............................................................................................6
1.2.2.
1KӳQJÿһFÿLӇPFӫDWѭGX\
.......................................................................6
1KӳQJSKҭPFKҩWFӫDWѭGX\
.....................................................................8
1.2.4&iFKuQKWKӭFWѭGX\
..................................................................................9
1.2.55qQOX\ӋQFiFWKDRWiFWѭGX\Yj
WURQJGҥ\KӑFP{QKyDKӑFӣWUѭӡQJWU
................................10
&iFWKDRWiFWѭGX\WURQJG
........................................10
3KѭѫQJSKiSKuQKWKjQKSKiQ
.......12
1.2.6ĈiQKJLiWUuQKÿӝSKiWWULӇQWѭG
..............................................13
9ҩQÿӅSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵF
......................................................13
1KӳQJGҩXKLӋXÿiQKJLiWѭ
........................................14
&iFPӭFÿӝFӫDWѭGX\
......................................................................14
ĈһFWUѭQJFӫDGҥ\YjKӑFKyDKӑF
EұF7+37QyLULrQJ
............................................................................................... 15
1.3*ҳQOLӅQYӟLWKӵFQJKLӋP
.........................................................................15
1.3&ѫVӣOêWKX\ӃWYӳQJYjQJ
.......................................................................16
1.3.3 *ҳQ OLӅQ YӟL FiF YҩQ ÿӅ F{QJ QJK
FKӕQJ$,'6
,« ...................................................................................................16
1KӳQJNӻQăQJFҫQWKLӃWFӫD*9NK
- JLӓLKyDKӑF
........ 16
1.4&iFQKyPNӻQăQJFѫEҧQ
........................................................................16
1.40ӝWVӕFKL
WLӃWWURQJNӻQăQJ
...................................................................17
3KkQWtFKWuQKKuQKWKӵFWӃEӗLG
±JLӓLKyDKӑFӣWU
............................................................................................................................... 19
0ӝWVӕQKұQ[pWFKXQJYӅQӝLG
KӑF7+37KLӋQKjQKSKөFYөFKRYLӋFE
ӑFVLQKNKi
- JLӓ
i ..............20
1KӳQJNKyNKăQYjQKXFҫXFӫD
-JLӓLKyDK
ÿӭQJWUѭӟFWKӵFWUҥQJWUrQ
..................................................................................20
7,ӆ8.ӂ7&+ѬѪ1*
.........................................................................................22
&+ѬѪ1* 1+Ӳ1* %,ӊ1 3+È3 7Ë&+ &Ӵ& Ĉӆ
'ѬӤ1* +Ӑ& 6,1+
- *,Ӓ,
.+È+Ï$ +Ӑ& 3+Ҫ1 +Ӧ3
+,Ĉ52&$&%21/Ӟ3Ӣ75ѬӠ1*7+37
...................................................23
2.1. Mӝ
t sӕnӝLGXQJFѫE
ҧ
QWKѭ
ӡQJÿѭ
ӧFÿ
Ӆcұ
Sÿ
Ӄ
QWURQJFiFEjLW
ӑQ+6
NKi
- giӓ
LKyDK
ӑFFҩSWKjQKSKӕYjTX
ӕc gia ....................................................... 23
0ӝWVӕQӝLGXQJÿmÿѭӧFÿӅFұ
-
JLӓLWKjQ
SKӕP{QKyDKӑFSKҫQKӧSFKҩWKLÿURFD
......23
0ӝWVӕQӝLGXQJÿmÿѭӧFÿӅFұS
- JLӓLTXӕF
P{QKyDKӑFSKҫQKӧSFKҩWKLÿURFDFERQ
.............24
2.2. Nӝ
LGXQJYjP
ӝt sӕbiӋ
QSKiSSKiWKL
Ӌ
Q+6FyQăQJO
ӵc trӣWKjQK+6NK
i
±
giӓi KyDK
ӑc............................................................................................................ 25
1KӳQJ\rXFҫXFKXQJ
...............................................................................25
2.6RҥQWKҧRYjOӵDFKӑQPӝWVӕEj
FiF
\rXFҫXWUr
ÿӇSKiWKLӋQ+6FyQăQJOӵFWUӣWKjQK
- JLӓLKyDKӑF
...........................26
%jLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
QQăQJO
ӵc tiӃ
p thu kiӃ
n thӭc...............................26
%jLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
n khҧQăQJVX\OX
ұ
n logic, lұ
p luұ
n .....................28
%jLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
n khҧQăQJNL
Ӈ
m chӭng .......................................31
%jLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWKL
Ӌ
QQăQJO
ӵFODRÿ
ӝ
QJViQJW
ҥ
ROX{QWuPÿ
ӡQJÿL
ÿ
Ӄ
n kӃ
t quҧOjFRQÿѭ
ӡng ngҳ
n nhҩ
t ...............................................................33
2.3. Mӝ
t sӕbiӋ
QSKiSWtFKF
ӵFÿ
ӇbӗLGѭ
ӥng HS khi
±giӓLKyDK
ӑc ӣWUѭ
ӡng
THPT ..................................................................................................................... 35
/ӵDFKӑQFiFKJLҧLTX\ӃWFKRG
......................................35
7KD\ÿәLPӭFÿӝ\rXFҫX
.........................................................................37
7KD\ÿәLKuQKWKӭF
...................................................................................40
ÈSGөQJ\rXFҫXFKRPөFÿtFKN
...............................................42
2.4. Soҥ
n hӋthӕng nhӳQJEjLW
ұ
SWѭѫQJW
ӵ............................................................ 44
+ӋWKӕQJEjLWұSFKѭѫQJKLÿURF
.................................................44
+ӋWKӕQJEjLWұSFKѭѫQJKLÿURF
.....................................49
7,ӆ8.ӂ7&+ѬѪ1*
.........................................................................................55
&+ѬѪ1* Ĉӄ ;87 07 + 7+1*+3
%ơ, /8<
&+7+,52&$&%21/3 7521*48ẩ75ẻ1
6,1+.+ẩ
- *,,+ẽ$+&
..............................................................................57
&KQJKLURFDFERQQR
.................................................................................. 57
&KQJKLURFDFERQNK{QJQR
...................................................................... 65
7,8.7&+1*
.........................................................................................84
.7/81
..............................................................................................................85
7ơ,/,87+$0.+2
......................................................................................87
3+/&
A. HTHNG %¬,7
ҰP BӘ 681*&+ѬѪ1*
B. HӊTHӔNG %¬,7
ҰP BӘ 681*&+ѬѪ1*
DANH MӨ&&È&
CHӲ VIӂT TҲT
Eÿ
:
EDQÿ
ҫ
u
CTCT
:
&{QJWK
ӭc cҩ
u tҥ
o
CTPT
:
&{QJWK
ӭFSKkQW
ӱ
CTTQ
:
&{QJWK
ӭc tәQJTXiW
GV
:
GV
HS
:
HS
HSG
:
HSG
HSGQG
:
HSG quӕc gia
PTHH
:
3KѭѫQJWUuQKKyDK
ӑc
PP
:
3KѭѫQJSKiS
Sѭ
:
phҧ
n ӭng
ThS
:
Thҥ
FVƭ
VD
:
9tG
ө
1
MӢĈҪU
/tGRFK
ӑQÿ
ӅWjL
7URQJ TXi
ӝi nhұ
pWUuQK
vӟi thӃgiӟi, K
nguӗQ QKkQ
ӵF Oj
Ӄ
uOtӕquan
\ trӑ
ng
KjQJÿ
ҫ
u quyӃ
Wÿ
ӏ
QKÿ
Ӄ
n sӵSKiWWUL
Ӈ
n cӫ
Dÿ
ҩ
WQѭ
ӟFYjÿ
Ӈtҥ
RUDÿѭ
ӧc nguӗQQKkQ
lӵc tӕ
WWKuSK
ҧ
LFyP
ӝ
t nӅ
QJLiRG
ө
c tӕt bӣi ³SKiWWUL
͋
QJLiRG
ͭFYjÿjRW
̩
ROjP
͡
t
trong nhͷQJ
͡
ngÿlc quan tr͕
QJ WK~F
̱y snghi͏
ÿS F{QJ
͏
SQJKL
KyD
- hi͏
Q
̩
iÿ
KyD
͉
u Oj
ki͏
Q
͋
ÿL
ÿ
SKiW KX\
͛n lFQJX
FRQ
ͥL´
±
QJ˱
ChӍthӏ40 ±&77: QJj\
15/6/2004 cӫD%DQ%t7Kѭ'Rÿyÿ
Ӈhӝi nhұ
p tӕ
t vӟLFiFQѭ
ӟFWLrQWL
Ӄ
QWUrQWK
Ӄ
giӟLWKuYL
Ӌ
Fÿ
ҫ
XWLrQOjSK
ҧ
i tҥ
REѭ
ӟc chuyӇ
n biӃ
QFѫE
ҧ
QWRjQGL
Ӌ
n vӅJLiRG
өFYj
ÿjRW
ҥ
RWURQJÿyFyV
ӵWKD\ÿ
ә
i vӅSKѭѫQJSKiSG
ҥ
y hӑFYjNL
Ӈ
PWUDÿiQKJL
ӏ
quyӃ
WĈ
ҥ
i hӝ
LĈ
ҧ
ng lҫ
n thӭ,;ÿmQrX³
Ĉ͝i mͣLSK˱˯QJSKiSG
̩\YjK
͕FSKiWK
W˱ GX\
̩
R
ViQJ
Yj
QăQJ
c t
W ÿjR
̩oOcͯ
W
D QJ˱
ͥi h͕c, coi tr͕ng thF KjQK W
nghi͏
POjPFK
ͯki͇
n thͱFWUiQKQK
͛LQKpWK
͕c v́
t, h͕
FFKD\Ĉ
͝i mͣLYjW
͝chͱc
thc hi͏
QQJKLrPPLQKFK
͇ÿ͡thi c͵´
'RÿyQKL
Ӌ
m vөcӫ
DQJѭ
ӡi thҫ
\NK{QJFK
ӍOjWUX\
Ӆ
Qÿ
ҥ
t kiӃ
n thӭFFKR+6P
FzQJL~SFKR+6FySKѭѫQJSK
iSK
ӑc tұ
p tӕ
WĈ
Ӈthӵc hiӋ
Qÿѭ
ӧFÿL
Ӆ
XQj\QKL
Ӌ
m vө
ÿѭ
ӧFÿ
һ
WOrQKjQJÿ
ҫ
u ӣFiFWUѭ
ӡng phәWK{QJOjSK
ҧ
LSKiWWUL
Ӈ
QWѭGX\FKR+
3KѭѫQJSKiSG
ҥ
y hӑc hiӋ
u quҧtrong viӋ
FSKiWWUL
Ӈ
QWѭGX\FKR+6
ӝ
P{QKyDK
ӑFFKtQKOjK
Ӌthӕ
QJEjLW
ұ
SKyDK
ӑF%jL
tұ
SKyDK
ӑ
FÿyQJP
ӝWYDLWUz
ҩ
t
quan trӑ
QJӯD
Qy
Oj
ӝiY
dungQvӯD Oj SKѭѫQJ
Ӌ
Q
Ӈÿ
chuyӇ
n tҧ
WL
i kiӃ
n thӭF SKiW
triӇ
QWѭGX\E
ӝP{Q
ӝ
WFiFKKL
P
Ӌ
u quҧ
QyNK{QJFK
ӍJL~S+6F
ӫng cӕQkQJFD
kiӃ
n thӭc, vұ
n dөng kiӃ
n thӭFPjFzQOjSKѭѫQJWL
Ӌ
Qÿ
Ӈ+6WuPWz
LKuQKWKjQ
Ӄ
n
thӭc mӟL9ӟLYDLWUzÿyNK{QJWKӇVӱGөQ
GѭӥQJ OrQ OӟS
RKӃW
FiFFҩS
WUѭӡQJ
Yj
7URQJ
WKL
ĈҥLYj
KӑF
NKLÿѭӧ
WK{
QJj\FjQJWăQJQKѭQJFNJQJFKѭDFyPӝW
XQjRFKtQKWKӭFG
KӑFÿӇVRLViQJKD\ÿӏQKQJKƭDQKӳQJQ
ĈӗQJWKӡLWURQJWKӡLJLDQYӯDTXD*9
PүPWuPEjLFKRÿӫGҥQJÿӫ
ORҥLÿӇWLӃQKjQKEӗLGѭӥQJ
KӋWKӕQJEjLOX\ӋQWұSYӟLFiFGҥQJNKi
OӡLJLҧLKRһFFyKѭӟQJGүQ
OjPӝWYLӋF
2
9uY
ұ
y nghLrQF
ӭXiSG
ө
ng hӋthӕQJEjLW
ұ
Sÿ
ӇSKiWWUL
Ӈ
QWѭGX\FKR+
bӝP{QKyDK
ӑ
FOjWK
ӵc sӵcҫ
n thiӃ
WVRQJWKӡLJLDQKҥQFKӃ
QJKLrQFӭX
³Xk\G
ng h͏th͙
QJEjLW
̵SKyDK
͕c ph̯n hͫp ch̭WKLÿURFDFER
ͣp
11 nh̹
P UqQ
͏
QOX\
W˱
y trong
GX
vi͏
c b͛Lͩ
G˱
ng h͕
F VLQK
±gi͗L
NKi
KyD
͕
cͧ K
WU˱
ͥQJ7+37´
2. MөFÿtFKQJKLrQF
ӭu
;k\G
ӵQJYjV
ӱdө
ng hӋthӕQJEjLW
ұ
SKyDK
ӑc phҫ
n hӧp chҩ
t hidrocacbon lӟp
11 nhҵ
mÿ
ӇQJKLrQFӭX PӝWVӕELӋQSKiS±
SKiW
JLӓL+yDKӑFӣWUѭӡQJWUXQJKӑFSKәWK
WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQKÿӇUqQOX\ӋQWѭGX\F
NKi
±
JLӓLKyDKӑFӣWUѭӡQJ7+37
3. NhiӋ
m vөQJKLrQF
ӭu
- 1JKLrQ
ӭX Fѫ
ӣ
FOt
V
ұ
Q
OX
Yj
ӵc tiӉ
WK
n vӅviӋ
c bӗLӥ
Gѭ
QJ +6*
ӑ
c KRi
ӣ
K
WUѭ
ӡng THPT.
- 1JKLrQF
ӭu mӝt sӕnӝLGXQJFѫE
ҧ
QWKѭ
ӡQJÿѭ
ӧFÿ
Ӆcұ
Sÿ
Ӄ
QWURQJFiF
chӑ
Q+6*KyDK
ӑFFҩSWKjQKSKӕYjTX
ӕ
c gia.
- ĈӅxuҩ
t nhӳng biӋ
QSKiSWtFKF
ӵFÿ
ӇSKiW
hiӋ
QQăQJOӵFFӫDQK
Fy NKҧ QăQJ WUӣ
±giӓ
L
WKjQK
+yD
ӑc phҫ
nKhidrocacbon
+6 NKi
lӟp 11 ӣWUѭ
ӡng
THPT.
- ĈӅxuҩ
t mӝWVӕELӋQSKiSWәFKӭFYjEӗLG
±
JLӓLP{Q+yDӣWUѭӡQJ7+37
- 6ѭXW
ҫ
m, lӵa chӑQ[k\G
ӵng hӋthӕQJEjLOX\
Ӌ
n tұ
p phҫ
n hidrocacbon lӟp 11
bӗ
LGѭ
ӥQJ+6NKi
±giӓi ӣWUѭ
ӡng phәWK{QJ
4. 3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF
ӭu
- 1JKLrQF
ӭXOêOX
ұ
Q FiFYҩQÿӅOLrQTXDQÿӃQÿ
WKjQKSK
ӕ4XӕFJLD
-
ĈLӅXWUD
WKӵFWLӉQQăQJOӵFWѭGX\FӫDKӑ
KLӋQEӗLGѭӥQJKӑFVLQKNKi
±
JLӓLFӫDPӝWVӕWUѭӡQJSKә
-
ĈӅ[XҩWELӋQSKiSWtFKFӵFWURQJYLӋ
±
JLӓL
3
-
ĈӅ [XҩW QJ
PӝW
EjL
KӋ OX\ӋQ
WKӕ
WұS QKҵP UqQ O
GѭӥQJ+6NKi
±
JLӓLP{QKyDKӑF
5Ĉ
yQJJySF
ӫDÿ
ӅWjL
-
ĈӅ[XҩWQӝLGXQJYjPӝWVӕELӋQSKiS
NKi
±JLӓLKyDKӑF
-
0ӝWVӕELӋQSKiSWәFKӭFY
jEӗLGѭӥQJFKRÿӝLWX\Ӈ
WUѭӡQJ7+37Pj*9YjFiFQKyPEӝP{Q+y
-
7ұSKӧSPӝWKӋWKӕQJEjLOX\ӋQWұSG
±
JLӓLP{Q
KyDKӑFSK
ҫ
n hidrocacbon lӟSӣWUѭӡQJ7+37
4
&+ѬѪ1*
1: &Ѫ 6Ӣ /é /8Ұ1 9¬ 7+Ӵ& 7,ӈ1 9ӄ %
6,1+*,Ӓ,+Ï$+Ӑ&Ӣ75ѬӠ1*7581*+Ӑ&3+
1.1.
4XiWUuQKQKұQWKӭF
.KiLQLӋPQKұQWKӭF
[22], [23]
7KHRWͳÿL͋QWUL͇WK͕F
1KұQWKӭFOjTXiWUuQKWiL
GX\FӫDFRQQJѭӡLÿѭӧFTX\ӃWÿӏQKEӣL
QKѭNK{QJWKӇWiFKUӡLWKӵFWLӉQSKҧL
7KHRFX͙Q³*L̫LWKtFKWKX̵WQJͷ7kP
±*tDRG
ͭFK͕F´
1KұQWKӭFO
EӝQKӳQJTX\WUuQKPjQKӡÿyQKӳQJÿҫX
KyDÿѭӧFOѭXJLӳYjVӱGөQJ
+LӇXQKұQWKӭFOjPӝWTX\WUuQKQJK
FRQ QJѭӡL NK{QJ PҩW ÿL
R ÿҫX
Qy
yF
ÿѭӧF
FRQ
FKX\ӇQ
QJѭӡ
QJѭӡLOѭXJLӳYjPmKyD«
7KHR7ͳÿL͋Q*LiRGͭFK͕F
³1KұQWKӭFOjTXiWUuQK
YjWiLWҥRKLӋQWKӵFYjRWURQJWѭGX\F
OjTXiWUuQKOjNӃWTXҧSKҧQiQK
&NJQJFy
WKӇÿӏQKQJKƭD1KұQWKӭFOjTXi
ViQJWҥRWKӃJLӟLNKiFKTXDQYjREӝyF
QKӳQJWULWKӭFYӅWKӃJLӟLNKiFKTXDQ
&iFJLDLÿRҥQFӫDQKұQWKӭF
/rQLQÿmFKӍUDFRQÿѭӡQJELӋQ
FKӭQJFӫDVӵQKұQWKӭF
WUӵFTXDQVLQKÿӝQJÿӃQWѭGX\WUӯXWѭ
FRQÿѭӡQJELӋQFKӭQJFӫDQKұQWKӭF´&
FiFJLDLÿRҥQWӯÿѫQJLҧQÿӃQSKӭFWҥS
QFDRWӯFөWKӇÿӃ
KuQKWKӭFErQQJRjLÿӃQEҧQFKҩWErQWU
- 1K̵QWKͱFF̫PWtQK
/jJLDLÿRҥQÿ
WUFTXDQVLQ
QKұQ WKӭF ӣJLDL ÿRҥQ Qj\ FRQ QJѭӡLV
QKҵP QҳP
ұW
EҳW
Ĉk\
ҩ\
Vӵ
Oj
Y JLDL ÿRҥQ WUӵF WLӃS
EҵQJFiFJLiFTXDQFKӍKLӇXELӃWÿѭӧF
5
FiL ULrQJ Oҿ FӫD Vӵ YұW FKѭD NKҷQJ ÿӏ
FKҩWWҩW\ӃXErQWURQJFӫDVӵY
ұW
*ӗPFiFKuQKWKӭFVDX
+ &̫PJLiF
/jKuQKWKӭFÿҫXWLrQFӫDT
JӕFFӫDPӑLKLӇXELӃWFӫDFRQQJѭӡLĈ
QJRjLFӫDVӵYұWYjRFiFJLiFTXDQFӫD
+ 7ULJLiF
/j Vӵ
S QKLӅX
Wә Kӧ FҧP JLiF Oj KuQ
YұW6RYӟLFҧPJLiFWULJLiFOjKuQK
YұWÿҫ\ÿӫSKRQJSK~KѫQ
+ %L͋X
W˱ͫQJ
/j KuQK ҧQK FӫD Vӵ YұW ÿѭӧ
WѭӧQJFKӍJLӳOҥLQKӳQJ
QpWFKӫ\ӃXQәLEұWQKҩWFӫD
ÿHP OҥL WUѭӟFÿy %LӇX WѭӧQJFy WKӇ ÿѭ
WUӵFTXDQVLQKÿӝQJOrQWѭGX\WUӯXWѭӧ
- 1K̵QWKͱFOtWtQKW˱GX\WUͳXW˱
/jJLDLÿRҥQSKҧ
WUӯX WѭӧQJ NKiL
Ĉk\ Oj
TXiW
TXi
Vӵ
WUuQK
YұW QKұQ WKӭF
KLӋQWѭӧQJÿLVkXYjREҧQFKҩWFӫDVӵ
1KұQWKӭFOtWt
KuQKWKӭFVDX
+ .KiLQL͏P
/jKuQKWKӭFFѫEҧQFӫDWѭ
ÿһ
FWtQKEҧQFKҩWFӫDVӵYұW6ӵKuQKW
WәQJKӧSELӋQFKӭQJFiFÿһFÿLӇPWKXӝ
FyYDLWUzUҩWTXDQWUӑQJWURQJQKұQW
ÿRiQYjW
ѭGX\NKRDKӑF
+ 3KiQ
ÿRiQ
/j Vӵ YұQ GөQJ FiF NKiL QL
ÿӏQKPӝWWKXӝFWtQKPӝWPӕLOLrQKӋQ
FzQOjKuQKWKӭFOLrQKӋJLӳDFiFVӵYұ
+ 6X\OX̵Q
/jKuQKWKӭFWѭGX\WUӯXWѭӧ
QKDXÿӇU~WUDPӝWSKiQÿRiQFyWtQKFK
1KұQ WKӭF FҧP WtQK Yj Ot WtQK NK{QJ
FKһW FKӁ YӟL QKDX .K{QJ
WKu NK{QJ
Fy QKұQ
FyWKӭF
QKұQ
.K{QJFyQKұQWKӭFOtWtQKWKuNK{QJQK
6
Nhӡnhұ
n thӭc cҧ
PWtQKFRQQJѭ
ӡLWKXÿѭ
ӧc tri thӭc vӅFiFV
ӵvұ
WULrQJO
ҿYj
thuӝ
FWtQKF
ӫDFK~QJĈ
Ӈthӵc hiӋ
Qÿѭ
ӧFÿL
Ӆ
XQj\FRQQJѭ
ӡi phҧ
i dӵDYjRWѭG
trӯXWѭ
ӧng.
7ѭGX\YjSKiWWULӇQWѭGX\WURQJ
WK{QJ
[1], [2], [5], [21], [24], [25]
7ѭGX\OjJu
?
7ѭGX\OjPӝWTXiWUuQKWkPOtSKҧQ
OLrQKӋErQWURQJFyWtQKTX\OXұWFӫD
PjWUѭӟFÿyWDFKѭDELӃWÿӃQ
7KHR016DFÿDFRS³7ѭGX\OjVӵQKұQ
KLӋQWѭӧQJWURQJQKӳQJGҩXKLӋXQKӳQJ
FK~QJ7ѭGX\
OjVӵQKұQWKӭFViQJWҥRQKӳQJVӵYұW
FѫVӣQKӳQJNLӃQWKӭFNKiLTXiWKyDÿm
7ѭGX\OjTXiWUuQKWuPWzLYjSKiW
QәLEұWFӫDWѭGX\
Oj³WtQKFyYҩQÿӅ´WӭFOjWURQ
Qҧ\ VLQK 7ѭ GX\ FNJQJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ SKҧQ
WѭӧQJ1KѭYұ\TXiWUuQKWѭGX\OjNK
NKLQҳPEҳWÿѭӧFTXiWUuQKQj\*
9VӁKѭӟQJGүQ+6WѭGX\
TXiWUuQKKӑFWұSYjQJKLrQFӭXWҥRWL
QăQJOӵFFӫDFRQQJѭӡLPӟLFKROӵFOѭӧQ
1KӳQJÿһFÿLӇPFӫDWѭGX\
7ѭGX\Fy
QKӳQJÿһFÿLӇPVDX
- 7tQKFyY̭Qÿ͉FͯDW˱GX\
³7tQKFyYҩQÿӅ´OjQKӳQJWuQKKXӕQJ
ÿӅPӟLPjQKӳQJKLӇXELӃWFNJQKӳQJSK
VRQJNK{QJÿӫVӭFJLҧLTX\ӃW
7ѭGX\FKӍ[XҩWKLӋQ
NKLJһSWuQKKXӕQJFyYҩQÿӅ
FRQ QJѭӡL SKҧL WuP FiFK WKӭF JLҧL TX\Ӄ
QKLrQYҩQÿӅFKӍWUӣQrQ³WuQKKXӕQJ
KXӕQJFyYҩQÿӅQKұQWKӭFÿѭӧFPkXWK
QFKӭDÿӵQJWURQJYҩQ
7
FyQKXFҫXJLҧLTX\ӃWYjSKҧLFyQKӳQJ
VӣÿyWѭGX\PӟL[XҩWKLӋQ
- 7tQKJLiQWL͇SFͯDW˱
GX\ÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWUѭӟF
GөQJQJ{QQJӳÿӇWѭGX\1KӡFy
QJ{QQJӳPjFRQQJѭӡLVӱ
QKұQWKӭFTX\WҳFNKiLQLӋPF{QJWK
YjRTXiWUuQKWѭGX\SKkQWtFKWәQJ
FiLErQWURQJEҧQFKҩWFӫDVӵYұWKLӋ
.
7tQKJLiQWLӃSFzQWKӇKLӋQӣFKӛW
QKӳQJF{QJFөSKѭѫQJWLӋQÿӇQKұQWKӭ
FK~QJ
1KӡFyWtQKJLiQWLӃSPjWѭGX\FӫD
QăQJWKӭF
QKұQFӫD FRQ QJѭӡL FRQ QJѭӡL NK{
WURQJKLӋQWҥLPjFzQSKҧQiQKÿѭӧFFҧ
- 7tQKWUͳXW˱ͫQJYjNKiLTXiWKyDF
7tQKWUӯXWѭӧQJ/jGQJWUtyF
QKӳQ
JPӕLOLrQKӋTXDQKӋWKӭ\ӃXNK{QJ
WKLӃWFKRWѭGX\
.KiLTXiW/jGQJWUtyFÿӇKӧS
QKyPPӝWORҥLPӝWSKҥPWUWKHRQKӳQ
ÿӏQK
7UӯXWѭӧQJYjNKiLTXiWKyDFyPӕLO
.K{QJFyWUӯXWѭӧQJWKuNK{QJWKӇWLӃQ
NKiLTXiWWKuKҥQFKӃTXiWUuQKQKұQWK
1KӡFyÿһFÿLӇPQj\PjFRQQJѭӡLNK{
ӧFQKӳQJQK
Yө KLӋQ WҥL Pj FzQ JLҧL TX\ӃW ÿѭӧF QKӳ
TX\ӃWQKLӋPYөYүQFyWKӇVҳS[ӃSQyY
QKӳQJTX\WҳFQKӳQJSKѭѫQJKѭӟQJJLҧL
- 7˱ GX\ TXDQ
ͅ YͣL
K͏ FK̿W
QJ{Q
7ѭ GX\
FK
QJͷ
Yj QJ{Q Q
TXDQ KӋ PұW WKLӃW YӟL QKDX 1ӃX NK{QJ
8
QJѭӡLNK{QJWKӇGLӉQUDÿѭӧFÿӗQJWKӡL
ÿRiQ«
FNJQJNK{QJÿѭӧFFKӫWKӇYjQJѭӡ
n.
1J{QQJӳFӕÿӏQKOҥLNӃWTXҧFӫDWѭ
GX\GRÿyFyWKӇNKiFKTXDQKyDNӃWT
FKӫWKӇWѭGX\1JѭӧFOҥLQӃXNK{QJFy
WKDQKY{QJKƭD7
X\QKLrQQJ{QQJӳNK{QJSKҧLOj
duy.
- 7˱ GX\ Fy P͙L TXDQ K͏ P̵W
7ѭ
WKL͇W
GX\Y
PӭFÿӝFDRQKҩWFӫDQKұQWKӭFQKѭQJFy
WtQK4XiWUuQKWѭGX\EҳWÿҫXWӯQKұQ
WKӭFFҧPWtQKYjWURQJ
SKҧLVӱGөQJQKӳQJWѭOLӋXFӫDQKұQWK
VӣÿӇJL~SWѭGX\SKҧQiQKQKӳQJWKXӝF
1KӳQJSKҭPFKҩWFӫDWѭGX\
7ѭGX\FyQKӳQJ
SKҭPFKҩWVDX
- 7tQKÿ͓QKK˱ͣQJ
WKӇKLӋQӣêWKӭFQKDQKF
FҫQOƭQKKӝLPөFÿtFKSKҧLÿҥWYjFRQ
- %͉U͡QJ
WKӇKLӋQNKҧQăQJYұQGөQJQJ
- Ĉ͡VkX
WKӇKLӋQӣNKҧQăQJQҳPYӳQJQ
VӵYұWKLӋQWѭӧQJ
- 7tQKOLQKKR̩W
: WKӇ KLӋQ ӣVӵ QKҥ\ EpQ WURQ
WKӭFYjFiFKWKӭFKjQKÿӝQJYjRFiFWuQ
- 7tQK P͉P
WKӇ
G̓R
ӣKLӋQ
KRҥW ÿӝQJ Wѭ GX\ ÿѭӧF
KѭӟQJ[X{LYjQJѭӧFFKLӅX
- 7tQK ÿ͡F
WKӇ
O̵S
KLӋQ ӣ FKӛ Wӵ PuQK SKi
FiFKJLҧLTX\ӃWYjWӵJLҧLTX\ӃWYҩQÿӅ
- 7tQKNKiLTXiW
WKӇKLӋQӣFKӛNKLJLҧLTX
ÿѭD
UDP{KuQKNKiLTXiW7ӯP{KuQKNKiL
YҩQÿӅFQJORҥL
ĈӇÿҥWÿѭӧFQKӳQJSKҭPFKҩWWѭGX\Qy
SKҧLUqQFKR+6FiFWKDRWiFWѭGX\
9
1.2.4&iFKuQKWKӭFWѭGX\
7ѭGX\
EDRJӗPFiFKuQKWKӭF
- .KiL
QL͏P
/j PӝW Wѭ WѭӣQJ SKҧQ iQK QK
ELӋW FӫD Vӵ YұW KLӋQ WѭӧQJ .KiL QLӋP
ÿLӇPWӟLFӫDTXiWUuQKWѭGX\FNJQJOjÿ
.KiLQLӋPÿѭӧF
[k\GӵQJWUrQFѫVӣQKӳQJWKD
FKRWѭGX\SKkQWtFKYjOjFѫVӣÿӇÿj
PӟL1JRjLUDFiFKRҥWÿӝQJNKiLTXi
FyFѫVӣÿӇWѭGX\YjÿLVkXWKr
PYjREҧQFKҩWFӫDKLӋQWѭ
5} UjQJ QӃX NKiL QLӋP NK{QJ FKtQK [i
ÿӕLWKLӃXFѫVӣWKuVӁGүQWӟLQKӳQJ
KҥQFKӃÿyWLӃSGLӉQWKѭӡQJ[X\rQWKu
&KRQrQ
WURQJTXiWUuQKWUX\ӅQWKөNLӃQWKӭF
WҳF ORJLF WURQJ Wѭ GX\ QJѭӡL*9 VӁ Jy
HS.
7URQJQJ{QQJ
ӳNKiLQL
Ӌ
Pÿѭ
ӧc biӇ
u thӏbҵ
ng tӯhay cөm tӯ9tG
өFiFNKiL
niӋ
PKyDK
ӑ
F³+yDK
ӑF´³1JX\rQW
ӱ´³3KkQW
ӱ´«
- 3KiQÿRiQ
/jVӵWuPKLӇXWULWKӭFYӅ
VӵSKӕLKӧSJLӳDFiFNKiLQLӋPWKӵFKL
1ӃXNKiLQLӋPÿѭӧFELӇXGLӉQEҵQJPӝ
ELӋWWKu
JLӡSKiQÿRiQFNJQJÿѭӧFELӇXGLӉQGѭӟL
NKiL3KiQ
QLӋPÿRiQ
ӧc biӇ
u thӏ
ÿѭ
bҵ
QJ FkX
ӝ
W SKiQ
P
ÿRiQ
ӇOj ÿѫQ
Fy WK
KD
phӭc.
9tG
ө
³%XWDQOj
ӝ
W KLGURFDFERQQR´Oj
P
ӝWSKiQÿRiQÿѫQ
ӍÿѭDUD
P
mӝt khҷ
QJÿ
ӏ
nh vӅthuӝ
FWtQKF
ӫa sӵvұ
t.
³%XWDQOjP
ӝ
WKLGURFDFERQQRQyNK{QJQ
ӳng bӏWiFKKLGURW
ҥ
RWKjQK
KLGURFDFERQNK{QJQRPjFzQE
ӏJm\FiFOLrQN
Ӄ
t C ±C tҥ
RFiFSKkQW
ӱnhӓKѫQ´Oj
SKiQÿRiQSK
ӭc.
7UrQFѫVӣQKӳQJNKiLQLӋPSKiQÿRi
uQKWKӭFPӣUӝQJ
NLӃQWKӭF0XӕQFySKiQÿRiQFKkQWKӵF
10
QLӋPFKkQWKӵFFKѭDFKҳFFySKiQÿRiQF
NLӋQ WLrQ TX\ӃW FӫD SKiQ ÿRiQ
RWKu
SKiQ
QKӳQ
ÿRi
FKkQWKӵFKѫQ
- 6X\Ot
/jKuQKWKӭFVX\QJKƭOLrQKӋ
SKiQÿRiQPӟL6X\OtJӗPKDLEӝSKұQ
&iFSKiQÿRiQFyWUѭӟFJӑLOjWL
&iFSKiQÿRiQFyVDXJӑLOjNӃW
FӫDWLӅQ
PjNӃWOXұQ
9t Gө $QNDQ Oj KLGURFDFERQ QR
ıEӅQ
WURQ
YӳQJ
$QNDQWKDPJLDFiFSKҧQӭQJWKӃ
GѭӟLWiFGөQJFӫDiQKViQJ[~FWiFQK
Trong haLSKiQÿRiQWUrQWKu