Báo cáo thực tập tốt nghiệp tiếng anh (27)

New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
differences
“Happy New Year! " That greeting will be said and heard for at least the
first couple of weeks as a new year gets under way. We all look forward to New
Year and wish new success and wealth. In each part of the world, there is typical
customs, activities to welcome New Year. But for me, in England and Vietnam,
the ways people welcome New Year are shared and have many similarities and
differences.
According to the scholar and anthropologist of the 18th century, Mr.
Edward B. Taylor, " Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge,
belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by
man as a member of society". For this definition, "Happy New Year" is a factor
in many deep layers of culture. Many elements of culture can be shared and
become universal in the world. Actually, for today’ global organization and open
economy, it is simple and obvious truth that cross-cultural is critical. In this part
and that part of the globe, we can meet the same customs, belief or habit. They
can be alike or adjusted to be suitable for the conditions of economy and policy.
That is true with "Happy New Year" custom in UK and Vietnam. There are
many similar customs but in each, they have some changes.
To begin with, we should have some understanding about ancient new
years. The celebration of the New Year is the oldest of all holidays. It was first
observed in ancient Babylon about 4000 years ago. In the years around 2000
BC, the Babylonian New Year began with the first New Moon after the first day
of spring.
According to the ancestors, the beginning of spring is a logical time to
start a new year. After all, it is the season of rebirth, of planting new crops, and
of blossoming. January 1, on the other hand, has no astronomical nor
agricultural significance. It is purely arbitrary.
Although the geographical region is different, both England and Vietnam
share some New Year traditions. First of all, both look forward to New Year with
the new hopes, new success. Some they did not achieve in the previous year can

be achieved in the New Year. Each person welcomes New Year with their own
resolutions. Therefore, everyone in New Year ‘Day, always wear a new dress on
and if its pockets contain money of every description they will be certain not to
be empty through the year.

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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Second, on the week before New Year ‘ day people in both countries often
decorate their houses. Every member of family has their own duties. Dad
repaints the wall. Mum washes certain. Children rearrange their bedrooms.
Restaurants are busier these days. It seems that people want their fridge full of
food. This is a tradition from ancient time. On the New Year’ day, people play
more, so eat more. “A good beginning makes a good ending”, that as the first
day is so will the rest be. If you would have plenty to eat during the year, dine
lavishly on New Year’ Day, if you would be rich, see that your pocket are not
empty at this critical season, if you would be lucky avoid like poison at this of
all times everything of ill omen.
Third, this is also a day for visiting relatives, friends and neighbors.
People behave gentler. One new Year is coming, it means they have another
things to do , to share. They realize that life is full of happiness.
One more incredible thing is that England is the only country has tradition
of “first footing” on New Year’ Day like Vietnam. For both countries, the person
who first comes into the house in the right midnight will be the person who
brings to family lucky, wealth and success in the next year. The “first footer”

must be a male who is handsome, easy-going, respected by many other persons
like bachelor or a master of village. Besides, the “first footer” must not be a
woman. As woman is a thing at once weak and magical, to be oppressed. Her
duties are taking care of children which denied to man, powers only half
understood, forces of attraction, but also of danger and repulsion, forces that all
over the world seem to fill him dim terror. The attitude of man to woman and
vice versa is still today essentially magical. For them, unlucky first footers
include thieves, a grave digger, someone born with a handicap, a flat footed
person and someone whose eyebrows meet in the middle. This may seem
politically incorrect but these hark back to the days before B.C. and are written
here for historic interest.
In addition, a new year coming brings people a new age, people feel that
they get older, get more knowledge. And thus, they wish each other for getting a
new age. People in UK also have a custom of avoiding sweeping their houses
like in Vietnam. They say that if they sweep their houses, they will sweep away
luck and wealth.

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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England avoid sweeping their houses like Chinese and Vietnam

Such similarities are so interesting. Two countries in two different
continents share the same customs since the ancient time. We can be proud of

our old culture. However, each country still has their own characteristics which
make them unique in the world.
New Year is the much awaited celebration for the people of UK. They
love to enjoy each and every minute of the going year. There is a very old
custom of “First-footing” still followed in Britain with sincerity. It is much like
in Vietnam but different in some ways. A blonde, a red haired or a woman is not
allowed to enter the house first as they are supposed to bring bad luck. The male
visitor usually to bring bread and coal as these are considered auspicious gifts.
It is believed by the populaces an England that the midnight of December
31st, the first footer steps over the threshold. The first footer is required to do a
few things that he brings along with him without speaking to anyone or vice
versa before wishing them a Happy New Year like placing the fuel on the fire,
putting the loaf on the table and pouring a glass for the head of the house. The
people in England believe that the first footer enters through the front door and
leaves through the back door an New Year. In London restaurants, great stress

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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was laid upon a man’s opening the place on New Year’s morning before the
waitresses arrived.

“First footer” originates in Scotland.
Surprisingly, in some parts of UK, there are derivations of “first footer”.
For example, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, a boy called “lucky bird” used to

come at dawn on Christmas morning as well as on New Year’s Day and brings a
spring of evergreens, an offering by now thoroughly familiar to us.
In Scotland, especially, in Edinburgh, it is customary for domestic
servants to invite their sweethearts to be their “first footer”.
The old Scotch families who serve ancient customs encourage their
servants to be “first foot” and grandparents like their children to perform for the
same service.
In spite of being chosen as “first footer” carefully, sometimes, some
household still meet unlucky first footer. They are woman and red haired people
or a person who fist foot empty handed with no gifts. Scottish hospitality means
that the unlucky first footer can not be turn away and must come in for some
refreshments. . Some households overcome this bad luck by asking the person to
throw salt on an open fire if they have one or placing a piece of burning straw up
the chimney. Roman Catholics will cross themselves if an unlucky first footer

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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arrives at their house. Others make a cross from Rowan twigs and place this at
their front door. If an unlucky first footer arrives they touch this twig cross three
times saying the name of their God each time before the first footer speaks. This
might sound daft in modern times but Scots have always been superstitious and
do not want to suffer 12 months bad luck until the next first footer arrives.

yellow and red haired person not chosen as first footer

In contrast, the tradition of first footer on TET holidays of Vietnamese
originates in the Buddhism. Vietnamese people very much appreciate the rituals.
They have habits of abstaining from bad things in life, especially in Tet holidays,
in the first and the fifth days of the lunar year. Therefore, the first caller of the
New Year must be carefully considered according to the rules people has made.
The New Year's first-footers come after the New Year's Eve. After worshipping
in that night, everybody often go to a pagoda to pick buds or young leaves and
visit others to wish them a happy New Year. The first comer to any house is
called "the New Year's first-footer” In the old days, people thought that a lucky
or a bad New Year was due to the first-footer. Therefore, all families often
choose a person with "good spirit" to be the first-footer. He will make the New
Year happy, lucky and successful. They often choose a young person who is
moral, of good will, good looking to be the first-footer. That means they don't
have to ask another good guy to do. They can avoid some inconvenient and

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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unlucky things May happen. The first-footer picked among the family members
will leave home in the time of the old year and go home after the New Year's
Eve with buds or young leaves in hands.
In some instances, any person with the names such as Phuc (Happy),
Tai(Wealth), Loc(luck) will be invited to perform this act of “xong dat”. Surely,
just to safe, the owner of the house will leave the house a few minutes before
midnight and come back just as the clock strikes midnight to prevent any one

else entering the house first who might potentially bring any unfortunate events
in the new year to the household. That is also why Vietnamese people usually
avoid being the first-footer for others if they didn't have a last lucky year. Many
families are afraid of someone who is lazy and not good moral to be the first
comer of their family. to sum up, each country has their own opinion about the
first footer, which depends on their religion, Buddhism or Christian.
Another difference is time of New Year’s Day. In UK, New Year’s Day
has not been always on first January. In Anglo-Saxon, England, the year started
on Christmas Day – 25th December. It has various times, 1st March, 24th
September and 25th March. By 1560, most countries had changed and started the
year on 1st January. Scotland carried at this stage in 1600. In England and Wales
an Act of Parliament was needed to effect the changes from 1st January 1752.
In Vietnam, the first morning of the year in Vietnamese language and the
name Tết Nguyên Đán is Sino-Vietnamese for Feast of the First Morning,
derived from the Hán nôm characters. “Nguyen Dan” begins on the first day of
the 1st lunar month and lasts foe seven days. It marks the arrival of spring and is
the greatest celebrating time as the festival brings along a few breaks in the
agricultural year. Vietnamese New Year falls between the period of harvesting of
crops and the sowing of the crops.
The New Year is the time for resting, relaxing and gathering. So there are
many activities and customs to celebrate it. The New Year in England can hardly
be called a popular festival; there is no public holiday and the occasion is more
associated with penitential Watch Night services and good resolutions than with
rejoicing. But let the reader, if he be in London, pay a visit to Soho at this time,
and he will get some idea of what the New Year means to the foreigner. The
little restaurants are decorated with gay festoons of all colors and thronged with

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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merrymakers, the shop-windows are crowded with all manner of recherché
delicacies; it is the gala season of the year.
At the stroke of midnight, one need hardly allude to the gathering of
London, Scots around St.Paul’s to hear the midnight chine and welcome the
New Year with the strains of “ Auld Lang Syne”. People spend their time
cheering, hooting, whistling, kissing and drinking. Besides, they make some
loud noises by bursting firecrackers, blowing horns, trumpets, whistles and bells
to ring in the fresh New Year.
Drinking was and is a great feature of the Scottish New Year’s Eve, on the
approach of 12 o’clock, a hot pint is prepared-that is a kettle full of warm,
spiced and sweetened ale with an impression of spirits when the clock had
struck the knell of the departed year, each member and many of them to all the
rest, with a general hand-shaking. The elders of the family would then sally out
visit their neighbors and exchange greetings.
And the most interesting of Scottish New Year customs, considered as
religious survivals, is a practice found in the Highlands on New Year's Eve, and
evidently of sacrificial origin. It has been described by several writers, and has
various forms. According to one account the hide of the mart or winter cow was
wrapped round the head of one of a company of men, who all made off
belaboring the hide with switches. The disorderly procession went three times
deiseal (according to the course of the sun) round each house in the village,
striking the walls and shouting on coming to a door a rhyme demanding
admission. On entering, each member of the party was offered refreshments, and
their leader gave to the Goodman of the house the “breast-stripe” of a sheep,
deer, or goat, wrapped round the point of a shinny stick.

At Biggar in Lanarkshire it was customary to “burn out the old year” with
bonfires, while at Burghead in Morayshire a tar-barrel called the “Clavie” was
set on fire and carried about the village and the fishing boats. Its embers were
scrambled for by the people and carefully kept as charms against witchcraft.
These fire-customs may be compared with those on Halloween, which, as we
have seen, is probably an old New Year's Eve.
For the poorer children, there is a custom to swaddle them in a great sheet,
doubled up in front so as to form a vast pocket, and then go along the streets in

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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little bands, calling out “Hogmanay” at the doors of the wealthier classes, and
expecting a dole of oaten bread. Each child gets a quadrant of oat-cake
(sometimes with cheese), and this is called the “Hogmanay.” Here is one of the
rhymes they sing:
“Get up, goodwife, and shake your feathers,
And dinna think that we are beggars;
For we are bairns come out to play,
Get up and gie's our hogmanay!”
Apart from parties and meals, another important part of New Year
celebration in UK is the biggest parade. The parade starts at noon walking down
the streets via white hall, Pall Mall and finishing in Berkley Square. Musicians,
dancers, acrobats, march, drums and other entertainers do a splendid job to make
the events most distinguished one. Every one present at the Berkley is openly

invited to join the carnival and enjoy the festival occasion.
Unlike UK, Vietnam is an agricultural country; their life is connected with
each other by spirits. Vietnam has a long period history. As for Vietnamese, TET
is a special holiday. When people stop working, return their hometown and also
a chance for young generation to worship ancestor. There is a proverb saying
that:” Trees have roots, water has a source, when drinking from the spring one
must remember the source”. There are a lot of customs relating to this special
holiday.
First, during the week before Tet, some families visit the graves of parents
and grandparents. Fresh earth is placed on top, weeds it and incense is burnt to
invoke the souls of the dead from the other world to return to visit the family
home.
Next, on 23 rd December, a farewell and thank you dinner is given to the
Kitchen God by the house hold. The Kitchen God will need a week for his
mission to Heaven in order to make his report to the Jade Emperor. This report
includes the year’s activities of the household in which he has lived. The paper
carps, horses and clothing (hats, robes and boots) will be burned by the family
and thus transformed into a spiritual essence usable by Ong Tao in the world
beyond. The day of his departure is marked by the calls of fishmongers from the

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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countryside carrying baskets of fish hanging from their shoulder poles and
calling "Fish for sale, fine mounts for the Household Gods to make their ride!"

Live fish held in tanks of water and plastic bags are released into ponds, lakes,
rivers and streams to impress the god with the kindness of the household. In
Hanoi, the Sword Lake is a favorite spot for releasing Ong Tao's fish-vehicle. In
some cases, three fish are released to account for the possibility that one must
please all three Hearth Gods.
After the Kitchen God has left, preparations for the New Year festivities
begin in earnest. The week before New Year's Eve is a period of Tat Nien. Tat
Nien (literally meaning the end or 'to extinguish the year') is the celebration of
the last session of a period, such as the last class of school, the last bus home,
the last day in the office, even the last bath, all with parties and great ceremony.
There is a festive holiday atmosphere before New Year's Eve with dragon
or Lion dances. The Lion is the symbol of power and prosperity. Their dances,
accompanied by firecrackers, frighten away bad spirits. Wealthy families used to
set prize money and invite the Lion Dance team to come and dance in front of
their house or store.

“The Lion Dance”

In addition, some families set up a Tet tree in the week before New Year's
Eve. The Tet tree called cay neu, is a bamboo pole stripped of most of its leaves
except for a bunch at the very top. The Tet tree has Taoist origins and holds
talismanic objects that clang in the breeze to attract good spirits and repel evil

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ones. On the very top, they frequently place a paper symbol of yin and yang, the
two principal forces of the universe. Sometimes a colorful paper carp flag will
fly from the top. The carp (or sometimes a horse) is the vehicle on which the
Hearth God travels to make his report. This tree is more common in the
countryside now than in the city. It is ceremonially removed after the seventh
day of Tet.
Sweeping and scrubbing is done in advance as tradition discourages
cleaning during the holiday itself. During this time, shops and restaurants close
while the cleaning spree proceeds in earnest. On hands and knees, the floors will
be scrubbed; bronze will be polished to a brand new finish. Closets will be
ransacked for old clothes to be tossed out. Shoppers swarm the streets at
temporary Tet stalls that have sprung up, lit with tiny gaily-flashing lights.
Everything needed for the celebration from food to decorations is at hand and in
abundance at these Tet markets.
At Tet, every house is usually decorated by hoa mai – Ochna integerrima
(in the central and southern parts of Vietnam) or hoa đào – peach flower (in the
northern part of Vietnam) or hoa ban (in the mountain areas). In the north, some
people (especially the elites in the past) also decorate their house with fume tree
(mai in Vietnamese, but a totally different species than ochna integerrima). In
the north, a kumquat tree is a popular decoration for the living room during Tết.
Its many fruits symbolize the fertility and fruitfulness that the family hopes will
come in the coming year.

“A kumquat tree is a popular decoration for the living room
during Tết”

Vietnamese people also decorate their homes with bonsai and flower trees
such as hoa cúc, vạn thọ meaning great age, mào gà in Southern Vietnam and
paperwhite flower(thủy tiên), lavender (viôlét), hoa bm in Northern Vietnam.

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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In the past, there was a tradition that old people try to make their paper white
flowers blossom right the watch-night time. They also hang up Dong Ho
Paintings and thư pháp (calligraphy pictures).
Also they have a family altar to pay respect to their ancestors. During Tet,
the altar is thoroughly cleaned and new offerings are placed here. They often
placed the "five-fruit tray". On the ancestral altar, it symbolizes the admiration
and gratitude of the Vietnamese to Heaven and Earth and their ancestors, and
demonstrates their aspiration for a life of plenty. Legend said about of theories
but in a simpler way, the five fruits represent the quintessence that Heaven and
Earth bless humans. This is one of the general perceptions of life of the
Vietnamese, which is "When taking fruit, you should think of the grower".
Visitors coming to Vietnam during the season of the Tet festival, the visitor are
engulfed in an ocean of colorful flowers. Visiting flower shows, contemplating
the buds and blooms, and purchasing blossoms represents one of the distinct
Vietnamese cultural characteristics.

Lunar
New Year
(Tet) in
Vietnam has become an important event of the locals. Everyone is in a rush to
get a haircut, buy new clothes, spruce up their homes, visit friends, settle

outstanding debts, and stock up on traditional Tet delicacies. Businesses hang
festive red banners which read "Chuc Mung Nam Moi" (Happy New Year) and
city streets are festooned. With colored lights. Stalls spring up all over town to
sell mut (candied fruits and jams), traditional cakes, and fresh fruit and flowers.
The "five-fruit tray"

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New Year Day in UK and VietNam: The similarities and
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Certain markets sell nothing but cone-shaped kumquat bushes. Others sell
flowering peach trees, symbols of life and good fortune which people bring into
their homes to celebrate the coming of spring. As vendors pour into the City
with peach trees strapped to their bicycles, the streets look like moving pink
forests.
A long lasting Viet custom is giving Tet offerings to relatives. Annually,
on the days near Tet holiday, people, especially young generation tend to eagerly
prepare the gifts sending to relatives as their offerings to the ancestors. Tet gifts
are often things used as offering such as incense, fake gold, betel and areca, and
wine. There are differences among gifts, which depend on the relationship and
each person economic condition.
Another interesting custom is that on Tet holiday, scholars initiated their
new brushes and paper with a small ceremony with the wearing of new clothes
(khai but). This also requires an auspicious hour. The theme of the proverb or
poem is considered carefully and newly purchased hog- grade paper.

Chúc Xuân / Khai Bút Ngày Xuân
In the countryside, there are rituals to enliven the land out of its winter’s
rest. The Rites of Dong Tho activate the soil to bring it alive from sacred rest.
When there was a king in Vietnam, he symbolically initiated the harmony of the
first furrow of the planting season in a royal life. With more than 1000 years of
history, certainly, Vietnam has many traditional customs. From North to South,
we can enjoy many activities which make our country unique in the world.

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On New Year’s Day, we often hear some typical greetings. In UK, That is
“Happy New Year!” On the other hand, in Vietnam, the most common greeting
is “chuc mung nam moi” or “ cung chuc tan xuan”. People also wish each other
prosperity and luck. Common wishes for Tết include:
“Sống lâu trăm tuổi” (Live up to 100 years): used by children for elders.
Traditionally, everyone is one year older on Tết, so children would wish their
grandparents health and longevity in exchange for mừng tuổi or lì xì.
“An khang thịnh vượng” (Security, good health, and prosperity)
“Vạn sự như ý” (May a myriad things go according to your will)
“Sức khoẻ dồi dào “(Plenty of health)
“Cung hỉ phát tài”, from the Cantonese Gung hay fat choy
(Congratulations and be prosperous)
“Tiền vô như nước” (May money flow in like water): used informally.
One factor that we can not forget is food. On New Year ’s Day, people

always look forward to wealth, prosperity, they do not want to be hungry or lack
of anything. So for the week before New Year’s Day, people in UK and Vietnam
often buy all things in the store.
In UK, People often eat black-eyed Pea "Coins" Meant Wealth black-eyed
peas have long been a New Years Eve staple. The shape and abundance of the
legumes was compared to coins; eating the ‘coins’ symbolized gaining wealth.
Southerners also considered pigs to be lucky, and usually ate ham with the peas,
or hog jowls if the previous year had been unlucky.
Meanwhile, in Vietnam we have traditional foods on Tet. Bánh chưng and
bánh dầy: essentially tightly packed sticky rice with meat or bean fillings
wrapped in banana leaves. Bánh chưng (rectangular) and bánh giầy (circular) are
symbolically connected with Tết and are essential in any Tết celebration.
Preparation is time-consuming, and can take days to cook. The story of their
origins and their connection with Tết is often recounted to children while
cooking them overnight.
Hạt Dưa: roasted watermelon seeds, also eaten during Tết.
Dưa Hành": picked onion and picked cabbage.
Củ Kiệu: pickled small leeks.

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Mứt: These dried candied fruits are rarely eaten at any time besides Tết.
Cầu Dừa Đủ Xoài - In southern Vietnam, popular fruits used for offerings
at the family altar in fruit arranging art are the custard-apple/sugar-apple/soursop

(mãng cầu), coconut (dừa), papaya (đu đủ), and mango (xoài), since they sound
like "cầu vừa đủ xài".
Last but not least, there are some Dos and Don’ts that people should
follow. In UK, to assure good luck for the New Year, firstly, one should sleep
with a horseshoe under his pillow on New Year’s Eve.
Second, all doors and windows must be opened at midnight to let out the
old year. Keep doors and windows open at midnight to let the old year leave and
usher in the fresh New Year.
Third, make lots of noise to scare away the evil spirits lurking around.
People celebrate by bursting loud crackers to scare away the devils. Evil spirits
hate loud noise and hence people explode fireworks and cheer aloud to send the
evil spirits away. This is also the reason that church bells are rung at midnight, to
ring in the New Year free from evil spirits.
Fourth It is believed that if you wear new clothes on the first day of the
year, you will get many more new clothes during the year.
And remember not to break anything on this day as it sets the pattern for
the entire year. Breaking things on this day is considered a bad omen as it
signals destruction in the coming year. So be careful! Crying on the first day of
the year must be avoided. One must always be happy and in good spirits on New
Year’s day. If you cry on New Years’ for a sad reason you will have sadness all
throughout the year.
Vietnamese people also have some Dos and Don’ts.
First, one should give people lucky presents to enhance the relationship
between themselves and others: new clothes, peach branches (for expelling evil),
cocks (wishing for good manners), new rice (wishing for being well-fed), rice
wine in a gourd (wishing for a rich and comfortable life), bánh chưng (or bánh
tét) and bánh dày which symbolize sky and earth (for worshipping the
ancestors), red things (red symbolizes happiness, luckiness, advantages) like
watermelon, dogs (the bark – gâu gâu – sounds like the word giu - richness in

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Vietnamese language), medicated oil (dầu in Vietnamese, also sounds similar to
giàu).
Second, one should give lucky Dong Ho Paintings such as: "Gà đàn"
(wishing for having many children), or "Vinh hoa", but should not give unlucky
Dong Ho paintings like "Đánh ghen" related to legal proceedings.
Third, one should buy a lot of water for Tết, because people wish for
money to flow like water currents in a stream (proverb: "Tiền vô như nước").
Fourth, one should sprinkle lime powder around the house to expel evil.
Last, one should return all things borrowed, and pay debts before Tết.
And remember that one shouldn't say or do bad things during Tết.
Second one shouldn't hurt or kill animals or plants but should set them
free. The reason for this originates from Buddhism's causality.
Third, one shouldn't sweep the house or empty out the rubbish to avoid
luck and benefits going it, especially on the first day of the new year. One
shouldn't let the broom in confusion if people don't want it to be stolen.
Fourth,one shouldn't give these presents to others: clock or watch (the
recipient's time is going to pass), cats (mèo in Vietnamese language pronounced
like nghèo, poverty), medicine (the receiver will get ill), cattle fish (its ink is
black, an unlucky color), writing ink (for the same reason), scissors or knives
(they bring incompatibleness).
Fifth, one shouldn't have duck meat because it brings unluckiness.
Sixth, one shouldn't have shrimp because they're afraid that they would

move back like shrimp, in other words, they would not succeed.
Seventh, one shouldn't buy or wear white clothes because white is the
colour of funerals in Vietnam.
Eighth, one shouldn't let the rice-hulling mill empty because it sympolizes
failed crops.
Ninth, one shouldn't refuse anything others give or wish you during Tết.
To sum up, each country with its own religion and economy has its own
New Year’s Day. To discover the deep layers of culture, we will find many
things interesting that we did not notice before. For example, something you

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should and should not do on New Year’s Day, some typical foods and customs to
celebrate New Year’s Day. Even though two countries share “Happy new
age”(Mung Tuoi),”Do not sweep house”(Khong quet don nha cua), “first
footer”(Xong Dat or Dap Dat)........There are still many differences about the
way people judge the first footer, time,etc.... These are typical characteristics of
a nation in the West and the East. UK is a developed country; meanwhile,
Vietnam is a developing country. The system of economy influences the way s
people celebrate New Year’s Day. How interesting it is to have a deep
understanding about it.

Lê Thị Dung
K47A1 - English

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