Báo cáo thực tập tốt nghiệp tiếng anh (29)

VINH UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE

THE VERB “TO HOLD” AND ITS PHRASE VERB
IN ENGLISH STORIES
(ĐỘNG TỪ “TO HOLD” VÀ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA NÓ
TRONG TRUYỆN NGẮN TIẾNG ANH)

Time of research:

Student:Nguyễn Thị Khánh Ly
Supervisor:M.A Nguyễn Thị Vân Lam

Vinh, 2010
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ACKOWLEDGEMENT
For the completion of this work,I have been fortune to receive invaluable contribution
from many people.First of all,I would like to express the great thanks to the
supervisor:Nguyễn Thị Vân Lam for her enthusiatic help,excellent sugestions
Secondly,I would like to express a deep thank to some students in class 48A1_English
for giving me some important ideas and their encouragement and help
Thirdly I would like to thank my loving parents who provided me many good
conditions,the great consolation from beginning to end
Finally,I am all too aware that despite all the advice and assistance.I feel that the thesis
is far from perfect,it is,therefore,my sole responsibility for any inadequacies and short
comings that the thesis may be considered to have.

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ABSTRACT
Verb plays an important role in sentence as well as language teaching and learning.In this
article,the author discusses the definition and the usage of main verbs,especially,the verb “to
hold” from specific details of English stories.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I:

INTRODUCTION

1.Reason for choosing the Study
2.Aims and Objectives of the Study
3.Methods of the Study
4.Scope of the Study
5.Design of the Study
PART II:

CONTENTS

Chapter I : Overview on English verbs
The general matters
1.Verb classifications
1.1 Auxiliary verbs

1.2 Ordinary verbs
2.Verb forms
2.1 Forms of auxiliary verbs
2.2 Forms of ordinary verbs
3.The grammatical catergories of the verbs
3.1 Tense
3.2 Aspect
3.3 Voice
3.4 Mood
4.Verb phrase of the verb “to hold”
Chapter II :

“To hold” in English stories

1. Verb “to hold” with the meaning “to keep” or “to reverse”
2. Verb “to hold” with the meaning “in a particular position”
3. Verb “to hold” with the meaning “to organize”
4. Verb “to hold” with its phrase verbs
5. Verb “to hold” with prepositions
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Chapter III: Findings and discussion
PART III

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
PART I:

INTRODUCTION

1. Reason for choosing the study
It can not be denied that English nowadays is very popular and become an
international language in the world.And the number of the people use English to communicate
and to learn as the first language has been increasing day by day.In Vietnam,everyone is
aware of English learning importance,so the need of learning English has been popular all
fields such as economic,culture,society,education ..etc..That is why learning-teaching courses
are opened,the quality of training is better day by day.Learning English is very necessary and
impotant nowadays.However,it is not easy for students to learn English.Because each English
word has many meanings and is used in different context,especially,verbs.We find it so
interesting thus researching the English verb is my thesis.According to Ph.D. Do Thi Kim
Lien (1990:90),she states that : “verb is the complicated word class,it is used widely and
takes a leading –position the lexical stock,the verb play a nuclear role in forming the
sentence”.And this is the specialization of English verbs because in a sentence,verb is one of
the main key for the learners to understand the meaning of the sentence as well as the context
of using that verb.That is why the verb is very useful and important in all languages.
When learning English,we find some problems of learners in approaching to the verb.In my
thesis,I want to mention to the verb ‘to keep’ and ‘to catch’ from English stories.
2. Aims of the study
-Helping learners understand the usage of the verb ‘to catch’ and ‘to keep’ when they are used
as an ordinary verb and their meaning in each different context.
-By means of teaching sugesstion of the verb ‘to catch’ and ‘to keep’,we hope that my small
thesis will give some contributions to help learners find mistakes in the process of learning
English
3. Methods of the Study
-Analysis method
We analysise the usage of the verb ‘to hold’ in some English stories and find the way using
these verbs in suitable contexts

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4. Scope of the Study
-Studying the verb ‘to hold’ in some english stories and then find the context of those verbs
from those stories
5. Design of the study
This project consists of three parts:Introduction,contents and
Conclusion
Part I: Introduction
-Reason for choosing the study
-Aims of the study
-Methods of the study
-Scope of the study
-Design of the study
Part II: Contents
Chapter I: Overview on english verbs
Chapter II: ‘To hold” in english stories
Chapter III: Findings and Discussion
Part III Conclusion

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PART II :CONTENTS
Chapter I :Overview on english verbs
The general matters
In every language,the verb is considered as a part of speech denoting an action,a process,a
state or expressing an idea or emotion,the being of person or thing in the universe.So,the verb
play an important role in forming the construction of the sentence.it is very necessary to

research a comprehensive understanding of verb.
1.Verb classification
Verbs can be classified into Auxiliary verbs and Ordinary verbs
1.1

Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs are verbs that have grammatical function in the verb phrases,help

complete the meaning of the verb phrase
There are two kind of auxiliary verb:
-Primary auxiliaries :be,do,have.
-Model auxiliaries :must,should,can,need,ought to,etc..
1.2 Ordinary verbs
Ordinary verbs are those that denote action or state and they carry full dictionary meanings
There are many catergories to classify ordinary verb:
+ According to the ability,to be used in progressive form,verbs are classified into Stative and
Dynamic verbs
_Stative verbs: are verbs that usually refers to a state or condition which is quite static
or unchanging.They can be divided into verbs of perception or cognition(which refers in the
mind) or verbs of relation(which describe relationships between things)
Ex: hate,like,know,taste,smell,sound,want,think….
_Dynamic verbs: can be used in the simple and the perfect forms as well as the
continuous or progressive forms
Ex: eat,drink,go,type,read,write,listen,speak,what….
According to the relationship between the verbs elements in the clause,we classify verb into:
Intensive and Extensive
+ Extensive verbs:are verbs that take subject complement(Cs) or obligatory verb(Aob)
Ex:

She is beautiful

S

V

Cs

I am at school
S V

Aob
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_Intensive verbs :are verbs that do not take any object
There are 2kinds of intensive verbs in English:
+Transitive verbs are verbs that have a direct object.Some transitive verbs have both a direct
object and an indirect object.
Ex : I like cows
It is further divided into three classes:
- Monotransitive verbs: have only one object and a direct object
Ex: I know the answer
S

V

Od

- Ditransitive verbs: are verbs that have two objects,a direct object and an indirect object
Ex:

I

told

him

S

V

Oi

the

answer

Od

- Complextransitive verbs: have a direct object and a compliment(a word or phrase that
says something about the direct object)
Ex: They have painted their house purple
I will prove you wrong
-

Intransitive verbs: are verbs that have neither a compliment nor a direct object is an

intransitive verb
Ex: My brother never smokes in the house
2.Verb forms
2.1 Ordinary verbs

Ordinary verbs often have five forms: the base form,the s-form,the past.the –ing participle and
the –ed participle.Ordinary verbs occur themselves in sentences and convey some action
+ Verbs with 3 forms
V= V-ed1 =V-ed2
Ex: Set

V-s

V-ing

Sets

Setting

+ Verbs with 4 forms
V=V-ed2
Ex:

Come

V-s

V-ed1

V-ing

Comes

Came

Coming

+ Verbs with 5 forms (most of the ordinary verb)
V
Drink

V-s
Drinks

V-ed1
Drank

V-ed2
Drunk

V-ing
Drinking

+ Verbs with 8 forms: There is only verb “be”
Be: am,are,is,was,were,being,been
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2.2 Auxiliary verbs
- Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used along with a main verb to make different tenses or to
express ideas such as possibility,necessity and permission.There are two kinds of these verbs:
+Primary auxiliaries: be ,have,do.They can act both as lexical verbs and as auxiliary
verb:
I have a new car
I have bought a new car

+Modal auxiliaries: can,could ,may,might,would,shall,should,and must.They are follwed
by bare infinitive whereas lexical verbs are followed by to infinitives:
I want to know what happened
I do not like ice cream
We should work hard
3. The grammatical categories of the English verbs
3.1. Tense
In English, absolute time expression labels specific points in time, such as October
10th,2010,or points within a repeating unit of time such as 2:00 am(which label a time within a
day) and Tuesday(which labels a day within the week).The second type of expression may be
used for repeating events or states or for a single events.We might expect reference to the time
of events and states to end up grammatical too.In fact many, if not most,morden languages
have a system for this,called Tense, built into their grammar.Tense morphology divides and
states into the general grammatical categories,PAST ,PRESENT , and FUTURE.
+ Simple present
- The timeless present : expressed with the simple present form.It expresses the habitual
action as well the universal statements.
Ex: She often gets up late
- The limited present: expressed with the present progressive
Ex :She is studying at Cua Lo high school
+ Simple past: indicates that an activity or situation took place and ended at a particular time
in the past.It is found with adverbs referring to past time such as: yesterday,last night,last
year,last month,ago,etc…
Ex: He died three year ago
+ Future tense: English does not have future tense,but a number of possibilities of denoting
future time,future functions can be denoted:Shall (in 1 st persons only)+ V,Will (in all persons)
+ V. .Besides,Be going to +V;be about to +V ;be +Ving;will be +Ving
Ex: I am going to finish my project next week
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I will go to travel this summer
3.2. Aspect
The aspect concerns the manner in which the verbal action is experienced .
There are four subcategories of aspect:
-

The simple aspect :S/V-s/V-ed1

Ex: she brushes her teeth every day
She used to cry when she was a child
-

Perfective aspect : Have +V-ed2

This is related to time such as : so far,sine,for,before.already,recently…
Ex : I have learnt English for 9 years
They have become good friends since they saw at the first sight
- Progressive aspect : Be + V-ing
It indicates temporariness – an action in progress instead of the occurrence of an action or the
existence of the state
Ex: they were playing volleyball then
-

Perfect progressive aspect : Having been +V-ing

Ex: I have been waiting for you for 2 hours
3.3 . Voice
In grammar,the voice of the verbs describe the relationship between the action (or state) that
the verb expresses and the participants identified by its argument( subject,object).When the

subject is an agent or doer of the action,the verb is in the active voice.When the subject is
patient,target or undergoer of the action,it is said to be in the passive voice
Ex:
In the sentence : the cat ate the mouse
The verb is an active voice but in the sentence :
The mouse was eaten by the cat
And the verbal phrase ‘was eaten’ is passive
In a transformation from active-voice clause to an equivalent passive voice construction,the
subject and the direct-object switch grammatical roles.The direct object get promoted to
subject and subject demoted to an complement.In the examples above,the mouse served as a
direct object in the active voice version,but become the subject in the passive version.The
subject of the active voice version,the cat,becomes part of a prepositional phrase in the
passive version of the sentence,and could be left out entirely.

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3.4. Mood
English

verbs

have

four

moods:

indicative

mood,impercative

mood,subjunctive

mood,infinitive mood.It indicates the speaker’s attitude to the predication
-Indicative mood: expresses an assertion,denial or question
Ex: Have you finished your homework?
Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam
-Imperative mood: expresses command,prohibition,entreaty,or advice:
Ex: Take care!
Don’t smoke in this building
-Subjunctive mood: expresses doubt or somethingcontrary to fact
Modern English speakers use indicative mood most of the time,resorting to a kind of ‘mixed
subjunctive’ that make use of helping verbs:
Ex: If I should see him ,I will tell him
Americans are more likely to say:
Ex: If I see him,I will tell him
The verbs MAY can be used to express a wish:
Ex: May you have any more birthdays.
The verb WERE can also indicate th use of the subjunctive:
Ex: If I were you,I wouldn’t tell a lie with your friend
4. Infinitive mood: expresses an action or state without reference to any subject.It can be the
source of sentence fragments when the writer mistakenly thinks the infinitive form is a fullyfunctioning verb
When we speak of the English infinitive,we usually mean the basic form of the verb with ‘to’
in front of it: to go,to sing,to speak,to talk…
Verbs said to be in the infinitive mood can include participle forms ending in –ed,nad –
ing.Verbs and infinitive mood are not being used as verbs,but as other parts of speech:
Ex: To err is human;to forgive.Here to err and to forgive are used as nouns.
He is a man to be admired.Here,to be admired is an adjective,the equivalent of admirable.It
describes the noun MAN

5.Phrase verbs:
Phrase verb is an idiom which consists of a verb followed by a preposition,a verb
followed by an adverb or a verb followed by a verb followed by an adverb,followed by a
preposition.
Ex: I ran into a old friend
We put off washing the dishes
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They all look up to him
In these examples the phrase verb “to run ino” consists of the verb “to run” followed by a
preposition “into”,the phrase verb “to put off” consists of the verb “to put” followed by an
adverb “off” and the phrase verb “to look up to” consists of the verb “to look” followed by the
adverb “up,and followed by the preposition “to”
There are some characteristic of the phrase verbs:
5.1.Phrase verb consists of a verb followed by a preposition
In the case of a phrase verb,the verb followed by the preposition forms an expression with
an idiomatic meaning
For example:_ the phrase verb “to come across” is an idiomatic expression with the meanng
“to find”
_the phrase verb “to frown on” is an idiomatic expression with the meaning “to
disapprove of”
+The position of the object of the preposition
The object of a preposition usually follows the preposition,whether the object is a noun or a
pronoun
Ex: We have launched into a new project
Or we have launched into it
+ The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb:
If the verb is followed by a preposition,an adverb of manner may be placed between the verb
and the preposition

Ex: I leafed quickly through the book
+Stress in spoken English:
When a verb followed by a preposition occur at the end of a clause,it is usually the verb is
stressed in spoken English
Ex : Noone likes to be laughed at
The verb ‘laughed’ followed by the preposition “at” occur at the end of a clause and
the verb “laughed” is stressed
+ Expressions in which the verb has an object
In the case of some phrase verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition may each
have an object
Ex : I can make nothing of the situation
The verb “make” of the phrase verb “to make of” has an object “nothing” and the
preposition “of” has the object “situation”

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5.2 Phrase verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb.Some of these phrase verbs are
intransitive and some are transitive
Ex: The intransitive phrase verb “to show off” is formed from the verb “to show” followed
by the adverb “up”.In the following example,the phrase verb does not have an object :
At ten o’clock her brother showed off
The transitive phrase verb “to sort out” is formed from the verb “to sort” followed by the
adverb “out”
Ex: We sorted out the papers
+ The position of the object of the verb
In the case of transitive verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb,if the object of the
verb is a noun,the object can usually either follow or precede the adverb
Ex: I called off the meeting
I call the meeting off

However,in the case of a few phrase verbs,a noun object must usually follow the adverb
Ex: We attempted to smooth over the disagreement
+The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb
In the case of the phrase verb consisting of a verb followed by an adverb,the verb and adverb
usually may not be separated by an adverb of manner
Ex: I hurriedly called off the meeting
+ Stress in spoken English
When a phrase verb consisting of a verb followed by an adverb occur at the end of the
clause,it is usually the verb which is stressed in spoken English
Ex: How did that come about?
+ Ergative verbs:
There are a few phrase verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb,which have the same
meaning whether they are used transitively or intransitively
Ex :The engineer slowed down the train
The train slowed down

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CHAPTER II: VERB “TO HOLD” AND ITS PHRASE VERB
IN ENGLISH STORIES

I.

Verb with some meanings:

1.“To hold” with the meaning “ to keep”
This is basic of meaning of “hold”,we can use these two verbs is to express
“keep” or possess” in most of the tenses
Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive, were proud to say that they were

perfectly normal, thank you very much. They were the last people you'd expect to be involved
in anything strange or mysterious, because they just didn't hold with such nonsense
(Harry porter,ChapterI,p.1)
We can summarize the similarity between two verbs: “to hold” with the meaning “reverse”
S + hold +Noun/object
Two footmen, the princess' and his own, stood holding a shawl and a cloak, waiting for the
conversation to finish. They listened to the French sentences which to them were
meaningless, with an air of understanding but not wishing to appear to do so. The princess
as usual spoke smilingly and listened with a laugh.
(Harry porter,Chapter II,p 28)
And:
Dolokhov still sat in the same position, only his head was thrown further back till his curly
hair touched his shirt collar, and the hand holding the bottle was lifted higher and higher and
trembled with the effort. The bottle was emptying perceptibly and rising still higher and his
head tilting yet further back. "Why is it so long?" thought Pierre. It seemed to him that more
than half an hour had elapsed
(Harry porter,Chapter IX,p 72 )
The latter, a fresh, rosy officer of the Guards, irreproachably washed, brushed, and buttoned,
held his pipe in the middle of his mouth and with red lips gently inhaled the smoke, letting it
escape from his handsome mouth in rings.
(Harry Porter,Chapter xviii,p 130)
The count, holding his cards fanwise, kept himself with difficulty from dropping into his
usual after-dinner nap, and laughed at everything.
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(Harry Porter,Chapter XX,p 146)
The princess, holding her little dog on her lap with her thin bony hands, looked attentively
into Prince Vasili's eyes evidently resolved not to be the first to break silence, if she had to
wait till morning.

(Harry Porter,Chapter XXI,p 161)
A little behind them stood the two younger princesses holding handkerchiefs to their eyes, and
just in front of them their eldest sister, Catiche, with a vicious and determined look steadily
fixed on the icons, as though declaring to all that she could not answer for herself should she
glance round.
(Harry Porter,Chapter XXIII,p 180 )
"I don't even know what is in this paper," said the younger of the two ladies, addressing
Prince Vasili and pointing to an inlaid portfolio she held in her hand. "All I know is that his
real will is in his writing table, and this is a paper he has forgotten...."
(Harry Porter,Chapter XIV,p 190)
But, whether he had not noticed the trick, or did not dare to attempt it, the 'new fellow,' was
still holding his cap on his knees even after prayers were over. It was one of those headgears of composite order, in which we can find traces
(Madame Bovary)
"No- promise that you will not refuse! It will give you no trouble and is nothing unworthy of
you, but it will comfort me. Promise, Andrusha!..." said she, putting her hand in her reticule
but not yet taking out what she was holding inside it, as if what she held were the subject of
her request and must not be shown before the request was granted
(HARRY PORTER,Chapter XXVII,P 236)
2. “TO HOLD”with the meaning “keep in a particular position”
Besides holding our hearts together through long periods of separation, it had the effect of
making us tolerant of each other's yarns--and even convictions.

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Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of
her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being
now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually
attached, and Emma doing just what she liked
(Jane Austen,Emma)

Pierre was ungainly. Stout, about the average height, broad, with huge red hands; he did not
know, as the saying is, to enter a drawing room and still less how to leave one; that is, how to
say something particularly agreeable before going away. Besides this he was absent-minded.
When he rose to go, he took up instead of his own, the general's three-cornered hat, and held
it, pulling at the plume, till the general asked him to restore it.
(Harry Porter,Chapter viii,p 60 )
The black, hairy, snub-nosed face of Vaska Denisov, and his whole short sturdy figure with
the sinewy hairy hand and stumpy fingers in which he held the hilt of his naked saber, looked
just as it usually did, especially toward evening when he had emptied his second bottle; he
was only redder than usual
(Harry Porter,Chapter VIII,p 61)
Tall and stout, holding high her fifty-year-old head with its gray curls, she stood surveying
the guests, and leisurely arranged her wide sleeves as if rolling them up. Marya Dmitrievna
always spoke in Russian.
(Harry Porter,Chapter XVIII,p 62 )
they whispered to one another, and the old servant who was holding the count's hand got up
and said something to the ladies. Anna Mikhaylovna stepped forward and, stooping over the
dying man, beckoned to Lorrain from behind her back
(Harry Porter,Chapter XXIII,p 181)
3. “To hold” with the meaning “to organize”
He hold a grudge with Orochimaru for consistently showing him up, and fucked with him in
the wrong manner
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(Godfather,Chapter I,p 2 )
4. ‘TO Hold’ with its phrase verb:
In this case,we can only use “to hold” to be connected in some phrase,but not another
verbs:
Dolokhov was holding the Englishman's hand and clearly and distinctly repeating the terms of

the bet, addressing himself particularly to Anatole and Pierre.
(Harry Porter,Chapter IX,p 67 )
'Hold your noise!' cried a terrible voice, as a man started up from among the graves at the
side of the church porch. 'Keep still, you little devil, or I'll cut your throat!'
(Great Expectation,Charles Dicken)
5. ‘TO Hold” with the meaning ‘catch up with” or “to pursue”
Why upon your first voyage as a passenger, did you yourself feel such a mystical
vibration, when first told that you and your ship were now out of sight of land? Why did
the old Persians hold the sea holy? Why did the Greeks give it a separate deity, and own
brother of Jove? Surely all this is not without meaning. And still deeper the meaning of
that story of Narcissus
(Moby Dick)
5. “To Hold” with prepositions
-Hold up: to express the meaning “to raise something high”He couldn't know that at this
very moment, people meeting in secret all over the country were holding up their glasses
and saying in hushed voices: "To Harry Potter -- the boy who lived!"
His daughter, Princess Helene, passed between the chairs, lightly holding up the folds of her
dress, and the smile shone still more radiantly on her beautiful face. Pierre gazed at her with
rapturous, almost frightened, eyes as she passed him.
(Harry Porter,Chapter iv,p 30)
‘Against your will He will save and have mercy on you and bring you to himself,for in Him
alone is truth and peace’,said she in a voice trembling with emotion,solemnly hoding up in
both hands before her brother a small,oval,antique..’
(Harry Porter,Chapter ,p 237)
-Hold out: express the meaning “stretch forth (a hand..)”
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"Catiche has had tea served in the small drawing room," said Prince Vasili to Anna
Mikhaylovna. "Go and take something, my poor Anna Mikhaylovna, or you will not hold

out."
(Harry Porter,Chapter XXIV,p 188 )
After a few more turns of the lathe he removed his foot from the pedal, wiped his chisel,
dropped it into a leather pouch attached to the lathe, and, approaching the table, summoned
his daughter. He never gave his children a blessing, so he simply held out his bristly cheek (as
yet unshaven) and, regarding her tenderly and attentively, said severely:
(Harry Porter,Chapter XXV,p 199)
"Read this if you like, Father," said the princess, blushing still more and holding out the letter
(Harry Porter,Chapter XXV,p 200).
"You at least must tackle him properly, or else if he goes on like this he'll soon have us, too,
for his subjects! How are you?" And he held out his cheek.
(Harry Porter,Chapter XXVI,p 219)
Baxter gulped down the yellow fiery liquid and held out his glass to be refilled
(Godfather,chapter IV,p )
_Hold on: express the meaning “keep one’s grasp something:
The princess did not reply. Their efforts in the struggle for the portfolio were the only sounds
audible, but it was evident that if the princess did speak, her words would not be flattering to
Anna Mikhaylovna. Though the latter held on tenaciously, her voice lost none of its honeyed
firmness and softness.
(Harry Potter,Chapter XXIV,p 191)
‘All right.Fifty imperials….that I will drink a whole bottle of rum without taking it from my
mouth,sitting outside the window on this spot’(he stooped and pointed to the sloping ledge
outside the window) and without holding on to anything.Is that right?
(Harry Porter,Chapter IX,p 69)
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Chapter III: Findings and discussion
Verb is a very wide category and also easy to make learner have some difficulties in
accessing.Because it is related to many aspects such as: voice,verb form and mood.Especially,

verb phrase is a very complex problem as well.In order to help learner leave out the common
mistakes,we find it necessary to find out them and show some measure to get learners correct
them and improve their abilities in learning process
1.COMMON MISTAKES:
+English verb is different from Vietnamese verb about verb form,so it is difficult to identify
use suitable verb and phrase verbs.In other words,each verb has many different meanings
when connecting with different prepositions or verb phrase.
Ex: hold on ≠ hold up
+On the other hand,the errors in concord are often made by pupils.English is quite different
from Vietnamese in making tense concord ..etc..therefore,Vietnamese learners studying
Englih must pay attention to the tense,mood,gender..but in Vietnamese they do not so.
Ex: They don’t use “he holds his hand up”
Instead of saying:
“ he hold his hand up”
Using structure wrongly is also common mistake of Vietnamese learners.
Ex: they hold it down
Or

they hold down it

+Sometimes there is some difficulties in distinguishing between “to keep” and “to hold”
Ex: “keep your hand”
Or

“ hold your hand”

II.Some measures to leave out the mistakes
Finding out mistakes is a difficult thing but correcting them is even more difficult.Most of the
mistakes Vietnamese learners often make is that using not right context and tense concord.The
best way to leaving out mistakes worthless is that learners should try to use the verb “hold”

correctly and should its meaning and usage in each suitable context.I think there are some
advices that may be used in learning the verb “have”
_Identify the base differences between ‘to hold’ and ‘to keep’
_Do exercises and practice regularly with friends,teachers to have good knowledge of this
verb
_try to find out the mistakes as well as the reasons for these mistakes.After that try to correct
them to limit or advoice making mistakes later
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2.Teaching suggestions
In order to help Vietnamese learners avoid making mistakes above when teaching the verb “to
hold”,teacher should explain the usage,the meaning of it for their students to understand
Such as: when the verb “to hold” connect with other prepositions,the teacher should
emphasize the meaning and usage of that phrase for their students easy to remember longer
Teacher should give the students more chances ro make the sentences with this verb and
practice it
3.Suggested exercises:
Some following exercises are typical which will help learners improve their knowledge about
this verb
Exercise 1:Put the correct form of the verb “to hold”
1.Yesterday I ………
2.This room ……..one hundred people
3.sometimes I …….my breath when I swim under the water
4.please …..the baby till I get the pram
5 where is my bag?-You ……….it
Exercise 2: Translate into Vietnamese:
1.This classroom holds 56 students
2. “hold your noise!” I don’t want to hear about it any more
3.He didn’t hold his promise that makes me very sad

4.You should hold your hand or someone will arrest you soon
5.She always holds her breath when she swims

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REFERENCE
2.Madame

Bovary,

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%5Fbovary&gid=6146
3.Charles

Dicken,Great

Expectation,

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ContentID=great%5Fexpectations&gid=6140
4.Madame

Bovary,

/>
%5Fbovary&gid=6146

5.Heart of Darkness
, />%5Fdarkness&gid=6142

6. />Jane Austen,Emma: />7.Leo Tolstoy,War and peace,Russkiy Vestnik,
8.Mario Puzo,The Godfather

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Part III: CONCLUSION
1.Recapitulation and Implications
“to hold” is a ordinary verb which has many meanings in concrete contextsand this study is
only a small part in the total study about English grammar as well as about verb
phrase.Through this study we understand the use of “to hold” more.However,the meaning is
being expressed,it depends on the context,the aim of speaker.We should be more careful when
use it.By doing this study,we hope it will help learners very much when do the tasks relating
to it.In other words,we can find some ways to improve the usage of the verb “to hold” in
teaching as well as learning English and it will helps learners reduce mistakes.
2.Suggestion for further study
Because of the restriction of documents and times,having some mistakes can not be
avoidable.We would be very greatful to receive suggestion,comment on my study
Vinh,May,2010

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