phân tích chiến lược chiêu thị của sản phẩm nước giải khát có ga coca cola tại tp hồ chí minh giai đoạn 2018 2020
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A ]ầ@ LCẻBC
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WCB ]ỴLC LC@ẲB IƪỡL LC@ÅX ]Cễ
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DK LJLK-LJIK ]ầ@ ]W. Cố LCỴ N@BC
D@K@ ėJầB 17;3 “ 1717
]cỗbc pc C Lcợ N`bc 1717
1
A ]ầ@ LCẻBC
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NửL IửL
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BƪổL D@ạ@ OCË] LÜ DK LJLK-LJIK ]ầ@ ]W. Cố LCỴ N@BC D@K@ ėJầB
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cëtt Ớ V`Ễt
V`Ễt Bkn
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Lël yẺu
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1.1. ]ờBD
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OCË] LJ
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Ocë
cëtt Ljlk-Ljik
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1.1.
1.1.
1. \ƫV`Ễt Bkn
iƷỬl
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l llël
ël ............
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mñbd sẬb
sẬb
pcẠn
pcẠn lk
l..........................
k lý
lýbd
bd
ty ]
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BCC
Bl
Bl D
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Ocởtt ....<1
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V`t
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1.<.. WCÁB
1.<
WCÁB ]ỴLC
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CJầ] ėồBD
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LC@ÅX
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LỦK \ạ
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B WCả
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OCË] LÜ DK LJLK-LJIK Ồ ]CÇBC WCỗ Cố LCỴ <6
1.<.;.
1.<
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tc`Ễu vị sẬb pcẠn bƷởl d`Ậ` ocët Ljlk-Lj
Ljlk-Ljik..
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NỨl t`å
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c`åu
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tcỏ lỤk
lỤk sẬb
sẬb ppcẠ
cẠn
n bƷở
bƷởll d`Ậ
d`Ậ`` ocë
ocëtt Ljlk-Ljik
Ljlk-Ljik .............<4
.............<4
1.
1.<.
<.<.
<. Cjẫt
Cjẫt ěỐ
ěỐbd
bd lc`å
lc`åuu tcỏ llỤk
Ụk sẬb
sẬb pc
pcẠn
Ạn bƷở
bƷởll d`Ậ`
d`Ậ` ocët
ocët Ljl
Ljlkk-Lji
Ljikk ..................<
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1.
1.<.
<.=.
=. \ỻ vẮb
vẮb mỨbd
mỨbd lël
lël llc`Ẻ
c`Ẻbb iiƷỬ
ƷỬll ocë
ocëll ěỌ
ěỌ cỔ tr
trỬỬ lc`Ẻ
lc`Ẻbb iƷỬl
iƷỬl lc
lc`å
`åuu tc
tcỏ ......8;
LCƪƧB
LC
ƪƧBD
D <.
<. LËL
LËL ėệ
ėệ SXậ
SXậ]
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BÁBD
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LKJ C@ỆX
C@ỆX [Xạ LC@Ẳ
LC@ẲB
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IƪỡL LC@ÅX
]Cễ LCJ \ạB WCảN BƪổL D@ạ@ OCË] LÜ DK LJLK- LJIK ....................8=
<.;.. ėËBC
<.;
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V@ỆL VẩB
VẩB Mử
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LËL
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CJầ]
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LC@ÅX ]Cễ ėỗ@
Vổ@ \ạB WCảN BƪổL D@ạ@ OCË] LÜ DK LJLK-LJIK ..........................8=
<.1. WCÁB ]ỴLC
]ỴLC \TJ]
\TJ] LỦK CJầ] ėồBD
ėồBD LC@
LC@ÅX
ÅX ]Cễ ....
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<.<.. Nồ] \ỗ
<.<
\ỗ A@ỆB
A@ỆB WCËW
WCËW BÁBD
BÁBD LK
LKJ
J C@ỆX
C@ỆX [Xạ LCJ L
LC@ẲB
C@ẲB IƪỡL
LC@ÅX ]Cễ .............
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<.<.;. [uẬbd lëj .............
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<.<.1. OcuyẺb nì` ........
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<.<.=. Lcỗj cỗbd lở bcỏb ........
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<.<.8. Nkroht`bd trl t`p ............
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<.=. LËL LC@ẲB IƪỡL CỖ ]Qỡ OCËL .......
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<.=.;. Lc`Ẻb iƷỬl sẬb pcẠn ............
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<.=.1. Lc`Ẻb iƷỬl d`ë ....
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<.=.<. Lc`Ẻb iƷỬl pcáb pcớ` ....
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.....800
WCẦB L. OẲ] IXẩB...........................................................................................6;
5
MKBC NửL CÉBC
Cébc ;.; Ný cébc =W lỤk NlLkrtcy (;067) vỗ =L lk Qjahrt Ikuthbajrb (;007) ...3
Cộbc 1.; Ljlk-Ljik Likss`l ( BduỜb 5 Ljlk-Ljik V`Ễt Bkn ) ................................<<
Cébc 1.1 M`ht Ljoh ( BduỜb 5 Ljlk Ljik V`Ễt Bkn ) ....................................
..............................................<<
..........<<
Cébc
1.< Fkbtk
\pr`th (( BduỜb
BduỜb 55 Ljlk-Ljik
Ljlk-Lji
Ljlk-Ljikk V`Ễt
V`Ễt Bkn
Bkn )))............
..........................
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Cébc 1.=
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Cébc 1.8 \lcwhpphs ]jb`l ( BduỜb 5 Ljlk-Ljik V`Ễt Bkn ) ............
..........................
......................<8
........<8
Cébc 1.6 BƷởl uớbd tČbd iỻl \knurk` ( BduỜb 5 Ljlk-Ljik V`Ễt Bkn ) ................<8
Cébc 1.4 \Ừk trë` láy Butr`ajjst ( BduỜb ? Ljlk-Ljik
Ljlk-Ljik V`t Bkn )............
........................<6
............<6
Cộbc 1.3 ]t vu` iỗ oc` lbd d`k ộbc sun cp.
cp..............
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Cộbc 1.0 ]t vu` iỗ oc` lbd aẫb ẫ vu` lcƫ` tcỊk tcỵlc
tcỵlc .............
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................<0
Cébc 1.;7 Qk ěỞ` Wc`åb aẬb ijb ’V`Ễt Bkn tý` yåu, Ljlk-Ljik tý` yåu„ tƷƫbd tởl
ocởlc cỗbd l Jbi`bh
Jbi` bh & Jffi`bh
Jff i`bh ..........................
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...........................=;
......=;
Cộbc 1.;; Ocu vl trbd aỗy quỗ tbd l iỗn t v ijb Ljlk-Ljik t n vỗ l
ởj t` b` m`b rk s o`b. ..............
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..................................=1
..............=1
Cộbc 1.;1 Bu bd` lc` cjỗb tcỗbc tc tcëlc mƷở` ;7 d`áy, cỎ sẾ bcẮb ěƷỬl aỐ 6
ijb Ljlk-Ljik pc`ồb ab l a`t. .............
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Cộbc 1.;< A quỗ
q uỗ tc lýbd iỗn t v ijb
ij b Ljoh. .......................................
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...==
Cộbc 1.;= Bd` lc` rt cỗj cbd v` lởl dknh t`ajjtc.
t`ajjtc.............
.........................
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...........==
Cộbc 1.;8 Cộbc bc scjpphrs sku oc` ỡ lc`b tcbd vỗ bcb quỗ t lcbd trộbc.==
Cộbc 1.;6 Ljlk-Ljik vỗ kdhbly Nhrlkmj NlLkn ỡ rk nt lc`b mlc sởbd tj
tjỗb lu. .........................
..........................................
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...................................=8
......................=8
Cộbc 1.;4 Lël sớ i`Ễu tữ AuzzNhtr`ls ěj iƷỞbd nỠl ěỐ qukb tỏn lk lýbd lcừbd
mỗbc lcj Ljlk-Ljik ( Bdub5 Auzznhtr`ls ) .....................
.......................................
..............................
....................=4
........=4
Cébc 1.;3 Ljlk-Ljik ěì rk nẪt nỐt lc`Ẻb mỏlc sëbd tẫj ( BduỜb 5 Arkbms V`htbkn )
.........................
...........
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.......................=4
..........=4
Cébc 1.;0 Mñbd bdƷỞ` xp cỗbd m lỹ mỗ` tc bỗj lbd ocýbd bdb ěƷỬl quyẺt tán
trẬ`
bdc`Ễn
lc`Ẻl V`htbkn
nëy OẺt )bớ`
cđk ắbc
ěỌ bcẮb
pc`åb.................................
aẬb Ljlk-Ljik
ěẴl..............=3
a`Ễt.
( BduỜb
5 Arkbms
.........................
.............
..........................
...........................
..................................=3
Cébc 1.17 Lc`k sế b`ịn vu` mð ocýbd lðbd lcubd nỗu mk, bdýb bd. ( Bdub 5
Arkbms V`htbkn ) .........................
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Cộbc 1.1; Lcợbc bc ijb Ljlk-Ljik l a`t bỗy, Qjshb ỡ lü tcån nỐt bdƷỞ` aẫb
nở`. ( BduỜb 5 Arkbms
A rkbms V`htbkn )...................................
).................................................
..........................
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6
WCB K.
;.
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Iợ mj lcb tỗ`
\ku oc` lcỵbc tcỠl d`k bcẮp T]J bČn 1774, V`Ễt Bkn ỡ lỹ bcbd al
t`b ởbd t cỗj trjbd v`l l` tc`Ễb bịb o`bc tẺ , ěỞ` sớbd bcáb máb ěƷỬl bábd lkj
lẬ vị vẮt lcẨt iắb t`bc tcẤb. BdƷỞ` máb bdỗy lỗbd qukb tỏn bc`u cb v ` sbd,
l a`t iỗ vb sl och. `u bỗy tc c`b rt rø quk tcë` ěỐ láb bcẪl trƷởl oc`
quyẺt ěỏbc nuk nt sb pcn bỗj ỹ. V`l ik lcb lởl sb pcn pcl v lcj
lul sbd vỗ s`bc cjt lbd l lcừ trbd, cb ct iỗ tcl pcn vỗ ubd.
Db 47% l tc bd` iỗ bl. Bỹ ỹbd nt vk` trñ qukb trỎbd trjbd v`Ễl
aẬj ěẬn sỻ sớbd. ]chj sỻ pcët
p cët tr`Ọb lỤk tcỞ` ěẫ`,
ěẫ `, lël ijẫ` tcỠl ubd ocởl bcku i`ồb
i` ồb
t`p rk ` vỗ lỹ nt tråb tcỏ trƷỞbd, trjbd ěü ocýbd tcỌ ocýbd oỌ ěẺb bƷởl d`Ậ`
ocët lü dk. BƷởl d`Ậ` ocët lü dk ěƷỬl rẨt bc`ịu bdƷỞ` Ʒk lcuỐbd vé tỵbc bČbd d`Ậ`
ocët bckbc lcỹbd, oợlc tcợlc v d`ởl vỗ d`ừp sbd ocjở` l tcỌ.
Bü` vị bƷởl d`Ậ`
d `Ậ` ocët lü dk tcé lü iẾ bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd sẾ i`ịb bcở ěẺb LjlkLjik “ tcỠl uớbd bỘ` t`Ẻbd lü nẴt Ớ rẨt bc`ịu quớl d`k trồb tc d`` vỗ bd tc` rt
l k lcubd t` tc trbd V`t Bkn, l a`t iỗ ocu vl ýbd mỏb, lởl tcỗbc
pc ib pcởt tr`b...]k lỹ tc tén
té n tcẨy Ljlk-Ljik Ớ ocẪp bƫ` 5 s`åu tcỏ ib,
ib , lk cỗbd
t`b i`, tp cỹk s i, quởb b,
Vy iợ mj dộ nỗ trjbd cỗbd ijt lởl ijẫ` ěỜ uớbd ocël, Ljlk-Ljik iẫ` lü ěƷỬl
vỏ trỵ bcƷ vy trjbd iủbd ocởlc cỗbd : Wc` lcbd s ocởl a`Ễt vị lël cjẫt ěỐbd
lc`åu tcỏ ěì d`õp sẬb pcẠn bỗy t l `u ỹ : Vộ bcbd iợ mj bỗy, hn ỡ quyt
bc lcb tỗ` Wcỏb tợlc lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ lỤk sẬb pcẠn bƷởl d`Ậ` ocët lü
dk LjlkLjlk-Ljik tẫ` ]W. CỜ Lcỵ N`bc d`k` ějẫb 17;3 - 1717 bdc`ồb lu vỗ tộn
c`u iợ mj Ljlk-Ljik iẫ` lü ěƷỬl vỏ tcẺ ěẴl a`Ễt trjbd iñbd bdƷỞ` t`ồu mbd. Aồb
lbc ỹ, tcýbd quk tỗ` bỗy rừt rk bcbd o`bc bdc`n cu ợlc lcj ab tcỏb vỗ
lýbd v`Ễl trjbd tƷƫbd ik`.
;
7
1.
NỨl t`åu bdc`åb lỠu
]én c`Ọu vị lël cjẫt ěỐbd tcýbd t`b, qubd lởj vỗ d`` tc`u v sb tc`u sb
pcn, tcbd c`u, t lcl vỗ lởl a`b pcởp oợlc tcợlc t`åu tcỨ... bcẻn ěẫt ěƷỬl
nỨl t`åu lỤk sẬb pcẠn bƷởl d`Ậ` ocët lü dk Ljlk-Ljik.
<.
BỐ` mubd bdc`åb lỠu
Wcáb tỵlc lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ lỤk bƷởl d`Ậ` ocët lü dk Ljlk-Ljik tcýbd quk
lël lýbd lỨ lc`åu tcỏ 5 [uẬbd lëj ( Kmvhrt`s`bd ), Ocuyb n` ( \kihs prjnjt`jb ),
Lcỗj cỗbd lở bcáb ( Whrsjbki \hii`bd ), D`kj tẺ ( Wuai`l Qhikt`jbs ), Nkroht`bd trl
t`p ( M`rhlt Nkroht`bd )
=.
` tbd vỗ pcn v` bdc`åb lỠu
•
ėớ` tƷỬbd bdc`åb lỠu 5 Lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ lỤk sẬb pcẠn bƷởl d`Ậ`
ocët lü dk Ljlk-Ljik
Wcẫn v` bdc`åb lỠu 5 tcỏ trƷỞbd lỤk sẬb pcẠn bƷởl d`Ậ` ocởt Ljlkã
Ljik t` ]cỗbc pc C Lcợ N`bc d`k` jb 17;3 - 1717
8.
WcƷƫbd pcëp bdc`åb lỠu
•
WcƷƫbd pcëp bdc`åb lỠu tẫ` aỗb 5 Iỗ pcbd pcởp pc a`b, m tcl
c`b, s mỨbd bduỜb tcýbd t`b tcu tcẮp ěƷỬl tữ lël lƫ qukb, t lcl lỹ i`ồb qukb vỗ
tcýbd quk lởl pcbd t`b truyb tcýbd `bthrbht.
ã
Wcbd pcởp pcỏb tợlc 5 pcỏb lc`k lở` tjỗb tc lk ` tbd bdc`ồb
lu tcỗbc bcbd a pcb, bcbd nt, bcbd yu t lu tcỗbc d`b b cb
bdc`ồb lu, pcởt c`b rk tbd tcul tợbc vỗ ab lct lk tbd yu t ỹ, vỗ t ỹ
d`ừp lcõbd tk c`Ọu ěƷỬl ěớ` tƷỬbd bdc`åb lỠu nỐt lëlc nẫlc iẫl cƫb, c`Ọu ěƷỬl lë`
lcubd pcỠl tẫp tữ bcỪbd yẺu tớ aỐ pcẮb Ẩy.
•
WcƷƫbd pcëp tỘbd cỬp 5 tỘbd oẺt, ěƷk rk bcẮb xàt, ěëbc d`ë lcubd, ocë`
quët vị vẨb ěị ěì pcáb tỵlc.
1
8
6.
A ll tỗ` bdc`ồb lu
tỗ` Wcỏb tợlc lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ lỤk sẬb pcẠn bƷởl d`Ậ` ocët lü
dk Ljlk-Ljik tẫ` ]W. CỜ Lcỵ N`bc d`k` ějẫb 17;3-1717„ dỜn 5
LcƷƫbd ; 5 Lƫ sỚ iỵ iuẮb vị lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ
LcƷƫbd 1 5 Wcáb tỵlc lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ lỤk sẬb pcẠn bƷởl d`Ậ` ocët lü dk
Ljlk-Ljik tẫ` ]W. CỜ Lcỵ N`bc d`k` ějẫb 17;3 “ 1717
LcƷƫbd < 5 ėị xuẨt bábd lkj c`Ễu quẬ lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ lỤk sẬb pcẠn
bƷởl d`Ậ` ocët lü dk Ljlk-Ljik.
<
9
WCẦB A.
Bồ@ MXBD
LCƪƧBD ;.
;.
LƧ \Ồ
\Ồ IỴ
IỴ IX
IXẩB Vệ
Vệ LC
LC@ẲB Iƪ
IƪỡL LC
LC@ÅX ]C
]Cễ
;.;. OCË@ [XË] LCXBD Vệ NKQOH]@BD
;.;.;.
Ocë` b`Ễn nkroht`bd
Nkroht`bd m`Ỉb rk ocẪp nỎ` bƫ` , bü ěỨbd lcẫn tở` lcõbd tk bdỗy quk bdỗy .
]uy bc`ồb Nkroht`bd i` iỗ ; ibc vl l c`u rt ocởl bcku vỗ ý` oc` lñb lü
bcỪbd qukb b`Ễn bcẤn iắb trjbd o`bc mjkbc . Bc`u bd` lcj rbd Nkroht`bd iỗ
qubd lởj , iỗ aởb cỗbd cky bdc`ồb lu tc trbd , a` i lởl cjt bd bỗy trỗb
bdp vỗ t`p xừl t` n` bd` tcbd xuyồb . Lởlc bdc bỗy lc n` ný t ; pcb
bc lc ocýbd pc` tjỗb a cjt bd Nkroht`bd .
Nkroht`bd bdỗy bky bcb nbc b lởl cjt bd bcn tj rk s tck nỡb
bcu lu ocởlc cỗbd . NỎ` cjẫt ěỐbd Nkroht`bd ěịu cƷởbd tở` tcỊk nìb bcu lu
ocởlc cỗbd , Nkroht`bd iỗ ; quở trộbc lc ocýbd pc` iỗ ; cjt bd ty cbd lc
qukb , bü lẤb lü sỻ pcớ` cỬp lcẴt lcẾ d`Ừk 8 aƷởl lƫ aẬb lỤk quë trébc Nkroht`bd
( Q - \]W - Nkroht`bd N`x - @ - L ) , vé vẮy lỹ tc bc bdck 5
Nkoht`bd iỗ quở trộbc xỡ c` tchj ỹ lởl lở bcỏb vỗ t lcl tck nỡb bcu
lu ocởlc cỗbd vỗ njbd nub lk c tcýbd quk lởl cjt bd sởbd tj vỗ trkj `
sb pcn
;.;;.1.
;.
Vk` trủ vỗ lcl bb
bbd lk nkroht`b
ht`bdd
;.;.1.;.
Vk` trủ lk nkroht`bd
Nkroht`bd lỹ = vk` trủ lcợbc 5
ã
Nkroht`bd cbd mb lởl mjkbc bdc`p bdc tcut pcởt c`b bcu lu
ocởlc cỗbd lbd bc bdc tcut iỗn lcj cỗ` iủbd ocởlc cỗbd , nkroht`bd ěỏbc
cƷởbd lcj cjẫt ěỐbd o`bc mjkbc sẾ tẫj tcỌ lcỤ ěỐbd lcj mjkbc bdc`Ễp.
=
10
ã
Nkroht`bd iỗ lu b` d`ừp mjkbc bdc`p d`` quyt tt lởl n` qukb c
vỗ mubd củk i` ợlc lk mjkbc bdc`p nộbc v` i` ợlc lk bd` t`ồu mbd vỗ i` ợlc
lk xỡ c`.
ã
Nkroht`bd iỗ nt lýbd l lbc trkbc d`õp mjkbc bdc`Ễp xël iẮp vỏ trỵ ,
uy tỵb lỤk nộbc trồb tc trbd.
ã
Nkroht`bd tr tcỗbc trở` t`n lk n` cjẫt ěỐbd trjbd mjkbc bdc`Ễp ,
lël quyẺt ěỏbc ocël vị lýbd bdc , tỗ` lcợbc , bcỏb il u pc tcul pcb ib vỗj
lởl quyt bc nkroht`bd .
;.;.1.1.
Lcl bbd lk nkroht`bd
Nkroht`bd lỹ 8 lcl bbd lcợbc 5
ã
Bdc`ồb lu tc trbd vỗ pcởt c`b
c `b bcu
bc u lu 5 akj dn
d n lël cjẫt ěỐbd
ě Ốbd
tcu tcẮp tcýbd t`b tcỏ trƷỚbd , pcỏb tợlc tc c`u bcu lu ocởlc cỗbd bdc`ồb lu
t`n bbd vỗ m jởb tr`b vbd lk tc trbd . Lcl bbd bỗy d`ừp mjkbc bdc`p
pcởt c`b rk bcu lu t`n b lk tc trbd.
ã
]cợlc bd bcu lu tcbd xub tcky ěỘ` 5 akj dỜn tcỵlc Ỡbd vị sẬb
pcẠn , d`ở l , t`ồu tc vỗ tcýbd t`b .
ã
]ck nỡb bcu lu bdỗy lỗbd lkj 5 Mj bb o`bc t pcởt tr`b , nl
sbd lk bd` t`ồu mbd bdỗy lỗbd lkj , lcj bồb cjt bd nkroht`bd pc` iuýb
iuýb bdc`åb lỠu ěƷk rk bcỪbd sẬb pcẠn nở` vở` bcỪbd iỬ` ỵlc nở` bcẻn bábd lkj ,
tớ` ěk cük lcẨt iƷỬbd sẬb pcẠn .
C`Ễu quẬ o`bc tẺ 5 tcỊk nìb bcu lu iỗ lởlc tcl d`ừp mjkbc bdc`p lỹ
ã
mjkbc s vỗ i` bcub , o`bc mjkbc c`u qu vỗ iỏu mỗ` .
ã
Wc` cp pc` cp lởl a pcb ocởl trjbd mjkbc bdc`Ễp bcẻn ěẫt
ěƷỬl nỨl t`åu lcubd lỤk mjkbc bdc`Ễp vỗ cbd t` tck nỡb ocởlc cỗbd
8
11
;.;.1.<.
[uở tr
trộbc n
nkkroht`bd
Nkroht`bd iy ocởlc cỗbd iỗn trubd tỏn , ab lct lk nkroht`bd iỗ tck
nỡb t` k bcu lu lk ocởlc cỗbd , nub tcl c`b `u bỗy quở trébc nkroht`bd
trjbd mjkbc bdc`Ễp pcẬ` tcỻl c`Ễb 8 aƷởl lƫ aẬb sku 5
Q \]W NN @
↑
;.;.1.=.
↑
↑
↑
L
Bdc`åb llỠ
Ỡu tc
tcýbd tt`b
`b nkroht`bd
`bd Q
Bdc`ồb lu
l u nkroht`bd
nkroht` bd iỗ
i ỗ `n
`n oc`
oc ` u nkroht`bd , iỗ quở trộbc tcu tcp x
iỵ vỗ pcỏb tợlc tcýbd t`b nkroht`bd . Ocýbd lỹ cjt bd bdc`ồb lu lởl mjkbc
bdc`p tckn d`k vỗj tc trƷỞbd d`ớbd bcƷ bdƷỞ` nð. Bdc`åb lỠu d`õp mjkbc bdc`Ễp
xël ěỏbc ěƷỬl tcỏ c`Ẻu t`åu mðbd , lƫ cỐ` tcỏ trbd vỗ lcub a bcbd `u c`b vỗ
lc`b il tcợlc cp tckn d`k vỗj tc trbd.
;.;
.;.1
.1.8
.8..
Wcỏb
Wcỏb ocừl
ocừl tc
tc ttr
rb
bdd nỨ
nỨl t`å
t`åu,
u, ěỏ
ěỏb
bc vvỏỏ - \]
\]W
W
Bdc`åb lỠu d`õp
d` õp mjkbc bdc`p
bd c`p ocởn pcở rk bc`u pcỏb ocừl ocởlc cỗbd , tữ
ěü mjkbc bdc`Ễp pcẬ` quyẺt ěỏbc , pcáb ocõl bỗj iỗ nl t`ồu s tchj u` , s lubd
lp d`ë trỏ vƷỬt trỐ` lcj cỎ . ėỌ quyẺt ěỏbc lcợbc xởl tc trbd bỗj iỗ tc trbd
trl t`ồu , lkbc bdc`Ễp pcẬ` pcáb ějẫb , ěëbc d`ë lël tcỏ trƷỞbd , lcỎb tcỏ trƷỞbd pcð
cỬp vở` ocẬ bČbd lỤk nébc . Mjkbc bdc`Ễp lñb pcẬ` ěỏbc vỏ sẬb pcẠn lk nộbc
ocởlc cỗbd lỹ tc bcb a`t i` ợlc tchb lct lk sb pcn vỗ tj rk s ocởl a`Ễt sj
vở` sẬb pcẠn lẫbc trkbc ocël tråb tcỏ trƷỞbd . bc v iỗ bcbd b il tj ip bcb
tcl , ocởl a`t trjbd tỏn trợ ocởlc cỗbd v sb pcẠn cjẴl mỏlc vỨ .
;.;
.;.1
.1.6
.6..
Sáy
Sáy mỻbd
mỻbd lc`Ẻ
lc`Ẻb
b iƷỬl
iƷỬl nk
nkro
roht
ht`b
`bdd N`x
N`x “ NN
NN
]råb lƫ sỚ tcỏ trƷỞbd nỨl t`åu ěƷỬl iỻk lcỎb , mjkbc bdc`Ễp sẾ tc`Ẻt oẺ ;
lc`Ẻb
iƷỬl nkroht`bd n`x bc cbd vỗ pcl v tc trbd nl t`ồu ěü.
;.;
.;.1
.1.4
.4..
]r`Ọ
]r`Ọb
b oock
ck`` tcỻ
tcỻll c`Ễ
c`Ễb
b lc
lc`Ẻ
`Ẻb
b iƷỬ
iƷỬll n
nkr
kroh
oht`
t`bd
bd “ @
[uë trébc a`b bcbd lc`b ijl , o cjlc nkroht`bd tcỗbc cỗbc bd .
lc`b il nkroht`bd ` vỗj tcl t lởl mjkbc bdc`Ễp sẾ tỘ lcỠl , tcỻl c`Ễb lc`Ẻb
6
12
il tcýbd quk v`l xỏy mbd lởl lcbd trộbc cỗbc ěỐbd lỨ tcỌ , tỘ lcỠl bduỜb
bcáb iỻl tcỻl c`Ễb bỹ.
;.;
.;.1
.1.3
.3..
O`n
O`n trk
trk vvỗỗ ởb
ởbc
c d`ở
d`ở lc`
lc`b
b i
ill n
nkkro
roht
ht`b
`bdd L
Al lu` lbd lk quở trộbc nkroht`bd iỗ o`n sjởt , nt mjkbc bdc`p
tcỗbc lýbd ocýbd bdbd cl c` , rừt o`bc bdc`Ễn CỎ pcẬ` tcu tcẮp tcýbd t`b pcẬb
cỜ` tữ tcỏ trƷỞbd , ěëbc d`ë , ěj iƷỞbd oẺt quk cjẫt ěỐbd nkroht`bd lü ěẫt ěƷỬl nỨl
t`åu ěị rk cky ocýbd vé bẺu a`bc bdc`Ễp tcẨt aẫ` trjbd v`Ễl tcỻl c`Ễb nỨl t`åu lỤk
nébc , cỎ lẤb pcẬ` a`Ẻt bduyåb bcỏb bỗj bn sku tct a` ỹ , t ěü tc`Ẻt oẺ cébc
ěỐbd ě`ịu lcỀbc.
;.;.<.
Lc`Ẻb iƷỬl Nkroht`bd N`x
;.;.<.;.
Ocë` b`
b`Ễn n
nkkroht`bd N`
N`x
Nkroht`bd N`x iỗ s pc` cp lởl tcỗbc t lỹ tc o`n sjởt l nỗ mjkbc
bdc`p s mbd tởl bd vỗj tc trbd nl t`ồu bcn t l lởl nl t`ồu ỡ
cjlc bc.
;.;.<.1.
Lởl tcỗbc
ỗbc t trjb
rjbd nk
nkroht`
t`b
bd N`x
N`x
Nkroht`bd N`x lỹ = tcỗbc t5
ã
\b pcn (Wrjmult)
ã
D`ở l (Wr`lh)
ã
ã
Wcỏb pc` (Wiklh)
Lc`åu tcỏ/ Sõl t`Ẻb/ ]cýbd t`b nkroht`bd (Wrjnjt`jb)
Nkroht`bd n`x lñb l d` iỗ lcợbc sởlc =Ws mj v`t tt = lc u lởl
tcỗbc t, vỗ sku ỏy iỗ qukb `n lk D`ởj s Ehrjnh NlLkrtcy v =Ws vỗj bcbd
bn 675
ã
\b pcn5 iỗ bcbd tc nỗ mjkbc bdc`p lubd lp lcj tcỏ trƷỞbd,
quyẺt ěỏbc sẬb pcẠn akj dỜn5 lcỤbd ijẫ`, lc lừ, lcẨt iƷỬbd, tc`Ẻt oẺ, akj ắ, bcìb
c`Ễu, lcỠl bČbd, mỏlc vu, … bcẻn ěëp Ỡbd bcu lẤu ocëlc cỗbd.
4
13
ã
D`ở l5 iỗ ocjb t`b nỗ ocởlc cỗbd a rk s cu vỗ s mubd sb
pcn/mlc vu, quyt bc vị d`ë akj dỜn pcƷƫbd pcëp ěỏbc d`ë, nỠl d`ë, lc`Ẻb
tcuẮt ě`ịu lcỀbc d`ë tchj sỻ a`Ẻb ěỐbd lỤk tcỏ trbd vỗ bd` t`ồu mbd.
ã
Wcỏb pc`5 iỗ cjt bd bcn k sb pcn t` tky ocởlc cỗbd, quyt
bc pcỏb pc` dỜn5 iỻk lcỎb, tc`Ẻt iẮp oåbc pcáb pcớ`, tỘ lcỠl vỗ qub iỵ oồbc
pcỏb pc`, tc`t ip qukb c vỗ muy tré qukb cỄ vở` lël trubd d`kb, vẮb lcuyỌb, aj
qub vỗ m tr cỗbd cỹk.
ã
Lc`ồu tc5 iỗ bcbd cjt ěỐbd bcẻn tcýbd t`b sẬb pcẠn, tcuyẺt pcul
vị ěẴl ě`Ọn lk sb pcn, xỏy mbd cộbc bc mjkbc bdc`p vỗ lël lcƷƫbd trébc
ocuyẺb ocỵlc t`åu tcu.
NỔ` lcỵbc sëlc sẬb pcẠn, d`ë lẬ, pcáb pcớ`, lc`åu tcỏ ěịu lü vk` trñ vỗ tởl
bd bct bc. pcởt cuy ; lởlc t` ěk c`Ễu quẬ lỤk cjẫt ěỐbd nkroht`bd lẤb lü
sỻ pcớ` cp bcp bcỗbd, lỏb ` lởl lcợbc sởlc trồb, bd tcỞ` d`Ừk lcõbd lü nớ`
qukb cỄ cỔ trỬ bcku ěỌ lðbd ěẫt ěƷỬl nul t`åu lcubd vị nkroht`bd.
;.;
.;.<
.<.<
.<..
[ukb
[ukb ě`Ọn
ě`Ọn nkro
nkrohht`b
t`bd N`x
N`x t dỹ
dỹll =L
=Lss lk
lk ocởl
ocởlc
c cỗb
cỗbd
Cộbc ;.; Ný cộbc =W lk NlLkrtcy (;067) vỗ =L lk Qjah
Qjahrt
rt Ikuthbajrb (;007)
BduỜb 5 cttps5//nak.ckp.vb/
3
14
;.;.<.=.
Lël yyẺẺu ttớớ Ậb
Ậbc cƷ
cƷỚbd tở
tở` n
nkkroht`bd N`
N`x
Cjẫt ěỐbd nkroht`bd lỤk lël mjkbc bdc`Ễp tråb tcỏ trƷỞbd rẨt ocël bcku, mj
s pc` cp lởl tcỗbc t =W trjbd tbd tộbc cubd rt ocởl bcku. \ pc` cp lởl
tcỗbc t bỗy pcu tcul vỗj bcbd yu t sku5
Bdub il vỗ v trợ lk mjkbc bdc`p trồb tc trbd
ã
ã
]ợbc lct sb pcn lk mjkbc bdc`p
ã
Lcu o sbd lk sb pcn
ã
]y tcul vỗj l `n ocừl tc trbd nỗ mjkbc bdc`p tckn d`k
ã
]y tcul vỗj lởl yu t ný` trbd o`bc t, xỡ cỐ`, lcỵbc trỏ, lýbd
bdcỄ, lẫbc trkbc, v.v…
\ku oc` ěì tén c`Ọu ocë` quët vị Nkroht`bd, bdƷỞ` v`Ẻt t`Ẻp tul trébc aỗy l
s iỵ iub v cjt bd lc`ồu tc trjbd lc`Ẻb iƷỬl Nkroht`bd bcẻn pcul vu lcj v`Ễl
pcáb tỵlc cjẫt ěỐbd lc`åu tcỏ lỤk Ljlk-Ljik Ớ lcƷƫbd sku.
;.1. OCË@ [XË] Vệ CJầ] ėồBD LC@ÅX ]Cễ
;.1.;.
Ocë` b`Ễn lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ
Lc`åu tc iỗ cjt bd tcl c`b lcl bbd tcýbd t`b lk mjkbc bdc`p
Lc`b il lc`ồu tc iỗ tp cp lởl cjẫt ěỐbd tcýbd t`b d`ở` tc`Ễu vị sẬb
pcẠn, tcƷƫbd c`Ễu, vị tỘ lcỠl, lël a`Ễb pcëp lc tcỵlc t`åu tcu bcẻn ěẫt ěƷỬl lël
nul t`åu truyịb tcýbd lỤk lýbd ty
;.1.1.
Vk` trủ lk lc`ồu tc
;.1.1.;.
ã
` v` mjkbc bdc`p
Iỗ lýbd lu lbc trkbc d`õp mjkbc bdc`Ễp xán bcẮp tcỏ trƷỞbd nở`
cjẴl d`Ừ vỪbd tcỏ pcẤb
•
LẬ` tc`Ễb mjkbc sớ, ě`ịu lcỀbc bcu lẤu tc trbd, tộn o`n ocởlc cỗbd
n`
0
15
•
Lýbd lu truyịb tcýbd d`ở` tc`Ễu sẬb pcẠn, mjkbc bdc`Ễp vỗ c tr
lc`b
il bc v
ã
]j s tcub lcj pcỏb pc`, tc`t ip qukb c vỗ ocuyb ocợlc trubd
d`kb pcỏb pc`
D`ừp xáy mỻbd cébc Ậbc tỵlc lỻl lỤk mjkbc bdc`Ễp ěớ` vở` lël bcün
•
lýbd lcõbd, d`Ậ` quyẺt bcỪbd ocỤbd cjẬbd t`b tl xu, tj s o`b tcu cừt s lcừ ỵ
;.1.1.1.
ã
` vở
vở` bd
bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd
Lubd lẨp tcýbd t`b lcj bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd, d`õp t`Ẻt o`Ễn tcỞ` d`kb, lýbd
sỠl oc` nuk sẪn
•
Lubd lẨp o`Ẻb tcỠl d`õp bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd bábd lkj bcẮb tcl v sb
pcn trồb tc trbd
ã
Lubd lp lởl i` ợlc o`bc tẺ lcj bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd
•
Cjẫt ěỐbd lc`åu tcỏ tẫj ëp iỻl lẫbc trkbc auỐl mjkbc bdc`Ễp lẬ` t`Ẻb
cjẫt ěỐbd Nkroht`bd bcẻn tcỊk nìb tớt cƫb bcu lẤu lỤk bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd.
;.1.1.<.
•
ėớ` vở` xì cỐ`
Cjẫt ěỐbd lc`åu tcỏ cỔ trỬ lcj lởl pcbd t`b truyb tcýbd bỏbd lkj
lct ibd vỗ d`Ận d`ë trébc pcët sübd lŠbd bcƷ ěk mẫbd cük sẬb pcẠn lỤk nébc ěỌ
pcul vu xì cỐ` tớt cƫb
•
]ẫj lýbd v`Ễl lcj bc`ịu bdƷỞ` trjbd iĠbc vỻl sẬb xuẨt vỗ ibc vl i`ồb
qukb bc bdc`ồb lu tc trbd, qubd lởj, pr, . ]j bd il lcj s lbc trkbc
ã
;.1.<.
Iỗ yẺu tớ ěëbc d`ë sỻ bČbd ěỐbd, pcët tr`Ọb lỤk bịb o`bc tẺ.
LcỠl bČbd lỤk lc`åu tcỏ
;.1.<.;.
•
LcỠl bČbd tc
tcýbd t`b
D`ở` tc`Ễu5 d`ở` tc`Ễu sẬb pcẠn ěẺb vở` bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd, d`õp bdƷỞ`
t`åu mðbd c`Ọu rø cƫb vị sẬb pcẠn, lü s pcỏb a`t rứ rỗbd sb pcn bỗy v` sb
pcn ocël tråb tcỏ trƷỞbd, ěỜbd
ěỜ bd tcỞ` bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd s
s l aj v i` ợlc oc` nuk
cỗbd, trởbc nuk cỗbd d`, cỗbd bcở`.
;7
16
]cuyẺt pcul5 Lc`åu tcỏ d`õp ocẪl sáu cébc Ậbc tcƷƫbd c`u sb pcn
ã
vỗj sỏu trjbd tỏn trợ ocởlc cỗbd, tcuyt pcul ocởlc cỗbd s mubd sb pcn vỗ t`b
tbd uy tỵb lỤk lýbd ty.
BcẪl bcỚ5 bcẪl lcj bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd bcở sỻ tỜb
t Ờb tẫ` lỤk sẬb pcẠn tråb
•
tcỏ trƷỞbd, ocẪl sáu ěẴl tỵbc vƷỬt trỐ` lỤk sẬb pcẠn, cỎ ocýbd tc bỗj xkj iỡbd `
v` sb pcn, tj n` i`ồb ot d`k sb pcn vỗ ocởlc cỗbd.
;.1.<.1.
Lcl bbd oợlc tcỵlc
OcuyẺb ocỵlc bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd sỮ mubd sẬb pcẠn, lc tcợlc quở trộbc
ã
quyt bc nuk lk bd` t`ồu mbd m`b rk bckbc cb tchj lc`u cbd lỹ i` lcj
mjkbc bdc`p
Bcỗ trubd d`kb, bcỗ pcỏb pc` t`b tbd vỗj sb pcn cb, oợlc tcợlc
ã
c ỹbd dỹp lcj mjkbc bdc`p bc`u cb.
;.1.<.<.
Lcl bČbd i`åb oẺt
I`åb oẺt tẫj iẮp nớ` qukb cỄ d`Ừk bcỗ sb xut, bcỗ pcỏb pc`, bd` t`ồu
mbd vỗ bcỹn lýbd lcõbd.
;.1.=.
]ruyịb
yịb tc
tcýbd Nk
Nkroht`bd tỵl
tỵlc
c cỬp
cỬp ( @@NL
NL )
C`Ễp cỐ` lởl ` iỵ qubd lởj N (=Ks) ỡ k rk nỐt ěỏbc bdcĠk vị @NL bcƷ
sku5
]ruyịb tcýbd nkroht`bd tỘbd cỬp (@NL) iỗ ocở` b`n v s cjlc bc
truyb tcýbd nkroht`bd bcẻn xël ěỏbc d`ë trỏ d`k tČbd lỤk nỐt oẺ cjẫlc tỘbd cỬp,
ěëbc d`ë vk` trñ lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lỤk lël tcỗbc pcb ocởl bcku trjbd truyb tcýbd bc5
qubd lởj, ocuyb n`, d`kj t, lcỗj cỗbd, nkroht`bd trl t`p vỗ s ot cp lởl
tcỗbc pcb bỗy tj rk nt s truyb tcýbd rứ rỗbd,bct quởb, c`u qu t` k.
;.<. LậL PẲX ]ỗ ạBC CƪỒBD ėẲB LC@ẲB IƪỡL LC@ÅX ]Cễ
;.
;.<.
<.;.
;.
Ný`
Ný` trƷ
trƷỞb
Ởbdd ẬẬbc
bc cƷỚb
cƷỚbdd ěẺb
ěẺb lc`Ẻb
c`Ẻb iƷ
iƷỬỬl llc`
c`åu
åu tcỏ
Cjẫt ěỐbd lc`åu tcỏ iỗ nt tcỗbc t trjbd nkroht`bd bồb ný` trbd bc
cbd
b cjẫt ěỐbd nkroht`bd lŠbd Ậbc cƷỚbd ěẺb cjẫt ěỐbd lc`åu tcỏ. Ný` trƷỞbd Ậbc
;;
17
cbd dn lỹ ný` trbd v ný,v` ný vỗ b` v` bcƷbd lü tcỌ bü` ěƫb d`Ậb dỜn lü
= ný` trƷỞbd lƫ aẬb sku5
•
O`bc tẺ 5 sỻ pcët tr`Ọb lỤk bịb o`bc tẺ tČbd cky d`Ận tcé sẾ Ậbc cƷỚbd
ěẺb bcu lẤu lỤk bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd bc`ịu cky ỵt. BẺu bcu lẤu tČbd cjẫt ěỐbd truyịb
tcýbd båb lcõ trỎbd v`Ễl d` ocởlc cỗbd,bdl i` bu d`n tcộ lởl cjt bd oợlc
lu bc ocuyb nỡ` iỗ tcợlc cp.
ã
Sỡ c` 5 `u o`b xỡ c` lk nt bl iỗ `u nỗ lởl mjkbc bdc`Ễp
båb qukb tán ěỌ tcỻl c`Ễb lël cjẫt ěỐbd WQ pcð cỬp ěỌ tẫj cébc Ậbc tớt ěẰp trjbd
nẪt bd` t`ồu mbd.
ã
Vb cỹk 5 ný` trbd bỗy lbd bc cƷỚbd bc`ịu ěẺb tcýbd ě`Ễp sẬb
pcẠn nuớb dỮ` dẪn. BẺu tcýbd ě`Ễp ěƷỬl truyịb tẬ` ocýbd pcð cỬp vở` vČb cük
lỤk nỔ` bƷởl tcé mð sẬb pcẠn lü tớt lŠbd ocü ěƷỬl lcẨp bcẮb.
•
BỐ` aỐ lýbd ty 5 vé v`Ễl lc` pcợ lcj cjt bd truyb tcýbd bỗy ocở
tb on bồb lbd pc tcul vỗj `u o`b c`b lỹ lk n` lýbd ty nỗ lỹ bcbd
cjt ýbd truyb tcýbd pc cp vỗ c`u qu.
Bdjỗ` rk lủb lỹ bc`u n` trbd bc cbd ocởl bc ` tc lbc trkbc,
bcỗ lubd bd, lcỵbc trỏ pcëp iuẮt, ocjk cỎl oỰ tcuẮt…
;.
;.<.
<.1.
1.
Nớ`
Nớ` q
quk
ukb
b cỄ
cỄ d`
d`kk llc`
c`b
b i
il lc`
lc`ồu
ồu tc
tc vvỗỗ lởl
lởl tcỗb
tcỗbc
c t
t ttrj
rjbd
bd
nkroht`bd N`x
Nkroht`bd n`x akj dn = tcỗbc t iuýb lỹ s tởl bd quk i` vỗ c tr ib
bcku.
ã
]ởl bd lk LI sb pcn 5 nt sb pcn tt vỗ lỹ pcỏb ocừl rứ
rỗbd s m mỗbd cb lcj cjt bd quẬbd ặ sẬb pcẠn. Vỵ mu cjẫt ěỐbd quẬbd lëj
lü tc xởl bc ` tbd m mỗbd vỗ k rk nt tcýbd `p rứ rỗbd cb, tcu cừt s
lcừ ỵ lk ocởlc cỗbd.
ã
]ởl bd lk LI d`ở 5 sb pcn lỹ d`ở l lkj nỗ ot cp v` ocuyb
nỡ` cp ỡb s tcu cừt ocởlc cỗbd, bcbd `u bỗy lbd ty tcul vỗj lct ibd
sb pcn.
18
•
]ël ěỐbd lỤk LI pcáb pcớ` 5 cjẫt ěýbd quẬbd aở rn r nỗ sb pcn
pcỏb pc` lcn tcộ lbd s nt nt ibd ocởlc cỗbd ib vỗ lbd ubd lc` pcỵ ěì
aỊ rk lcj cjẫt ěỐbd lc`åu tcỏ.
;.=. LËL LÝBD Lử ]QJBD LC@ẲB IƪỡL LC@ÅX ]C
]Cễễ
;.=.;.
[uẬbd lëj
;.=.;.;.
Ocë` b`Ễn
[uẬbd lëj iỗ s truyb tcýbd ocýbd trl t`p lk cỗbd cỹk, mlc vu cky t
tbd nỗ bd` tk pc` tr t`b ěỌ bcẮb a`Ẻt bdƷỞ` quẬbd lëj.
;.=.;.1.
•
LcỠl bČbd
LcỠl bČbd tcýbd t`b5 tcýbd t`b vị mjkbc bdc`Ễp, ěẴl ě`Ọn sẬb pcẠn,
d`ë lẬ, lcẨt iƷỬbd, ěỏk ě`Ọn pcáb pcớ`.
LcỠl bČbd tcuyẺt pcul5 tởl bd b tỏn iỵ lk bd` bcb t`b, iỗn
ã
tcky ěỘ` bcẮb tcỠl lỤk cỎ ěớ` vở` sẬb pcẠn, tcuyẺt pcul c ` b ; cỗbc bd lu
tc
ã
Lcl bbd bcl bcỚ5 ěớ` vở` lël bcìb c`Ễu ěì lü uy tỵb, qubd lởj
bcn bcl bc ocởlc cỗbd v s tb t` lỤk sẬb pcẠn, muy tré b`ịn t`b lỤk cỎ ěớ`
vở` bcìb c`Ễu.
;.=.;.<.
Lël pc
pcƷƫbd t`Ễb tc
tcýbd t`b qu
quẬbd
Ậbd lë
lëj
j lcỵ, rkm`j, truyb cộbc, qubd lởj bdjỗ` tr`, b pcn d` trl t`Ẻp,
nẫbd `bthrbht, quẬbd lëj tråb ocýbd, pcƷƫbd t`Ễb vẮb lcuyỌb, vẮt pcẠn quẬbd lëj,
…
;.=.;.=.
Ný cébc 8N
•
N`ss`jb - nul t`åu5 iỗ bc`n vu tcýbd t`b nỗ qubd lởj pc` tcl
-
]j sỻ bcẮb tcỠl vị bcìb
-
]cýbd t`b d`ở` tc`Ễu sẬb pcẠn nở`
-
]cuy
uyẺẺt pc
pcul bdữ
dữƫ`
ƫ` t`åu mð
mðbd vị ěẴ
ěẴll ě`Ọ
`Ọn
n lỤ
lỤkk sẬ
sẬb pc
pcẠn
c`Ễb.
19
-
]Čbd mj
mjkbc sớ
sớ - ocu
cuyyẺb oc
ocỵỵlc bd
bdữƫ
ữƫ`` t`t`åu mð
mðbd nuk sẬ
sẬb pcẠ
pcẠn
n
-
V.v…
•
Njbhy “ bdáb sëlc quẬbd lëj5 xël ěỏbc bdáb sởlc tchj5
-
Oc bbd tỗ` lcợbc
-
Wc
cbd pcở
cởpp tợtợbc tch
tchjj pc
pcbb tr
trn mj
mjkbc sớ lỤk
lỤk bČn tr
trƷở
Ʒởll
-
WcƷƫbd pcëp láb aẻbd lẫbc trkbc
-
WcƷ
cƷƫƫbd pcở
cởpp tchj nul t`ồu vỗ lýbd v`
`ll tc
tcl
l c`b
ã
Nhm`k pcƷƫbd t`Ễb quẬbd lëj5 lcỎb pcƷƫbd t`Ễb tcỵlc cỬp lẤb xhn
xàt lël yẺu tớ sku5
-
Nul t`åu quẬbd lëj
-
Lcu oỼ sớbd lỤk sẬb pcẠn
-
]ébc cébc lẫbc trkbc
ėẴll ě`Ọ
ėẴ
ě`Ọn
n lỤk
lỤk pc
pcƷƫ
Ʒƫbd
bd t`
t`ỄỄb5
`` t
tbd
bd,, pc
pcn
n v`
v` pc
pcởt cỗ
cỗbc
bc,, lc`
lc` pc
pcợợ pc
pcbb
bdỗb vỗ uy tợb pcbd t`b.
t` b.
ã
Nhsskdh tcýbd `p qubd lởj5 ]cýbd ě`Ễp sẾ tẫj rk sỠl tcu cõt lcj
nắu quẬbd lëj, tcýbd ě`Ễp lẤb aẬj ěẬn yåu lẤu5
-
[uẬbd lëj pcẬ` lỹ ỵ tbd rứ rỗbd
-
Wc` l ởj, sởbd tj.
-
Bcn b ocởlc cỗbd nul t`ồu
-
Wc cp v` tbd l `n lk nỔ` pcƷƫbd t`Ễb
-
AẬj ěẬn
AẬj
ěẬn tỵ
tỵbc
bc bd
bdccỄ tcu
tcuẮt
Ắt,, nỰ
nỰ tcu
tcuẮt
Ắt tr
trjb
jbdd lu
lu tr
trừl
ừl vỗ tr
trộb
ộbcc aỗy
aỗy
]cýb
]c
ýbdd `
`pp pc
pc`` pc
pc c
cpp v`
v` l `
`n
n v
vbb cỹk
cỹk,, bc
bcbd
bd qu
qu`` b
bcc pcở
pcởpp
iỵ lk bcỗ bƷởl.
•
Nhksurhnhbt “ ěj iƷỞbd c`Ễu quẬ quẬbd lëj5 ėëbc d`ë c`Ễu quẬ
quẬbd lëj aẻbd lëlc ocẬj sët, bdc`åb lỠu tcỏ trƷỞbd sku lc`Ẻb mỏlc quẬbd lëj ěỌ
a`Ẻt ěƷỬl nỠl ěỐ t`Ẻp bcẮb quẬbd lëj, bcỪbd c`Ọu
c` Ọu a`Ẻt, Ẩb tỻƫbd quk tcýbd `p vỗ
bcbd tcky ` v cỗbc v` m` tël ěỐbd lỤk quẬbd lëj.
20
;.=.1.
Ocuyb nỡ`
;.=.1.;.
Ocở` b`n
Iỗ tp cp lởl o tcut bcn tj rk s ocợlc i bdb cb, tcừl y ocởlc
cỗbd cky lởl trubd d`kb nuk bdky, nuk bc`u cb vỗ nuk tcƷỞbd xuyåb cƫb.
;.=.1.1.
OcuyẺb nẫ` bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd
•
Nul t`åu lỤk ocuyẺb nẫ` ěớ` vở` bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd5
-
lc tc
tcỵl
ỵlcc bd
bdƷỞ
ƷỞ`` t`å
t`åuu mð
mðbd m
mbd tc
tc vỗ nu
nuk s
sb pc
pcn n`
-
Oợlc tcợlc t`t`ồu mbd bcỪ
cỪbbd sẬb pcẠn ěkbd ặb
-
Ocuy
Oc
uyẺẺb ocỵ
ocỵlc
lc bd
bdƷỞ
ƷỞ`` t`å
t`åuu mðb
mðbdd dẪ
dẪbb aỹ tr
trub
ubdd tcỗ
tcỗbc
bc v
v`` bc
bcỡb c`
c`u
u
-
Aj v ocởlc cỗbd c`b t` lk mjkbc bdc`p
-
Wc`
Wc
` c
cpp vỗ
vỗ iỗn
iỗn t
tbd
bd c`
c`u qu
qu lk
lk qu
qub
bdd lở
lởjj vỗ
vỗ lở
lởl cj
cjtt b
bdd
nkroht`bd ocởl
Lởl cộbc tcl ocuyb n`5
ã
-
]bd cỗbd nu
-
Wc`u d`n d`ở
-
[uỗ tbd oc` nuk sb pcẠn
-
]c`` trñ
]c
trñ lcƫ
cƫ`5
`5 ěñ
ěñ`` cỊ`
cỊ` bd
bdƷỞ
ƷỞ`` tc
tckn
kn d`
d`kk pcẬ
pcẬ`` mðb
mðbdd ; o b
bbd
bd bỗj ỹ
ởbc d`ở v` bd` ocởl.
-
S s5
s5 iỗ lởl trủ lc
lc`` nky r
r``, ocý
cýbbd ủ`
ủ` c` oỰ bČbd
-
ƪu ěì` bdƷỞ` t`åu mðbd
;.=.1.<.
OcuyẺb nẫ` tcƷƫbd nẫ`
•
Nul t`åu ocuyẺb nẫ` ěớ` vở` cỄ tcớbd pcáb pcớ`5
-
Sáyy mỻ
Sá
mỻbd
bd,, nỚ
nỚ r
rbd
bd n
nbd
bd i
i`
` pc
pcỏỏb pc
pc`` vỗ
vỗ c
c tr
tr s
sbb pc
pcn
n n
n``
-
Bỏbd lk
lkj cộb
cộbcc bc
bc sb vỗ
vỗ c
c tr
tr s
sb pc
pcn kbd t`ồ
`ồuu tc
tcu
-
Ocuy
uyb ocợlc bd` aởb i
i trbd aỗy vỗ
vỗ m tr
-
Lbd
L
bd l vỗ mu
muyy trộ
trộ n` qu
qukb
kb c v
v`` lởl
lởl tr
trub
ubdd d`k
d`kbb vỗ
vỗ bcỏ
bcỏbb v`ồ
v`ồbb aởb
aởb
cỗbd
21
ã
Cộbc tcl ocuyb n`5
- C` tc` aởb cỗbd
- ]r lp tcbd n`
- [uỗ tbd
- Lởl cộbc tcl ocởl
;.=.<.
D`kj t
;.=.<.;.
Ocở` b`n
Iỗ cjẫt ěỐbd bcẻn xáy mỻbd nớ` qukb cỄ tớt ěẰp vở` lýbd lcõbd aẻbd v`Ễl
sỮ mubd lël pcƷƫbd t`Ễb truyịb tcýbd ěƷk tcýbd t`b vị cjẫt ěỐbd lỤk mjkbc bdc`Ễp.
;.=.<.1.
Lël cộbc tcl d`kj t
ã
]cýbd lởj aởj lcợ
ã
Cp aởj
ã
]ỗ` tr
ã
] lcl s o`b
ã
Vb bd cỗbc ikbd
ã
Mỗb mbd sb pcn, lởl cộbc tcl ocởl bc tcỗbc ip lỏu il a, tc`t
o pcbd t`b bcb mbd lk mjkbc bdc`p, v.v
;.=.=.
Lcỗj cỗbd lở bcỏb
;.=.=.;.
Ocở` b`n
Iỗ cộbc tcl truyb tcýbd trl t`p d`k bcỏb v`ồb aởb cỗbd vỗ ocởlc cỗbd
t`n bbd bcn d`` tc`u vỗ tcuyẺt pcul cỎ qukb tán cjẴl nuk sẬb pcẠn.
;.=.=.1.
Bc`Ễn vỨ
vỨ ll
k lởl
lởl bcỏb v`ồb aởb
aởb cỗbd
ỗbd
ã
]ộn o`n ocởlc cỗbd t`n bbd
ã
]cýbd t`b d`` tc`u sb pcn
ã
]cuyt pcul ocởlc cỗbd qukb tỏn vỗ nuk sb pcn
ã
]cl c`b lởl b t cỗbd
22
ã
]cu tcp tcýbd t`b v bcu lu lk ocởlc cỗbd vỗ v ` tc lbc trkbc
;.=
.=.=
.=.<
.<..
ã
Pồu
Pồu lu
lu v oc
oc bb
bbdd l
lk bcỏ
bcỏb
b v`
v`ồb aở
aởb
b cỗ
cỗbd
bd
C`u a`t v sb pcn
ã
C`u a`t v mjkbc bdc`p
C`u a`t v ocởlc cỗbd
ã
C`u a`t v tc trbd vỗ ` tc
ã
<\5 \n`ih, \`blhrhiy, \phhm
ã
;.=.=.=.
[uy trộbc lcỗj aởb cỗbd
ã
]cn mủ vỗ ởbc d`ở ocởlc cỗbd lỹ tr`b vbd
ã
Lcub a t`p lb ocởlc cỗbd
ã
]`p lb ocởlc cỗbd
ã
D`` tc`u, tcuyt n`bc nỹb cỗbd
ã
bd x trl bcbd ocl t lk ocởlc cỗbd
ã
Ot tcừl tcbd vu
ã
O`n trk, d`ởn sởt
;.=.8.
Nkroht`bd trl t`p
;.=.8.;.
Ocở` b`n
Nkroht`bd trl t`p iỗ pcbd tcl truyb tcýbd trl t`p nỗ mjkbc bdc`p
s mubd t`p lb ocởlc cỗbd nul t`ồu, m` lởl cộbc tcl bc tc lcỗj cỗbd,
pc`u t cỗbd, nuk cỗbd, d`
d ` pc`u dỹp ỵ, l
l dỮ` trỻl t`Ẻp tở` lël ěớ` tƷỬbd
ěì xël ěỏbc tcýbd quk tcƷ tỵb, pcjbh, hnk`i, fkx, … vở` njbd nuớb bcẮb ěƷỬl sỻ
ěëp Ỡbd tỠl tcỞ`.
;.=
.=.8
.8.1
.1..
Su cƷở
cƷởbd pcët
pcët tr
tr`Ọ
`Ọb
b nk
nkro
roht
ht`b
`bdd tr
trll t`
t`p
Bdỗy bky lởl mjkbc bdc`p lỹ xu cbd pcỏb aỘ bdáb sëlc lcj cjẫt ěỐbd
nkroht`bd trỻl t`Ẻp bc`ịu cƫb, vé5
23
•
Mjkbc bdc`Ễp nuớb tc`Ẻt iẮp nớ` qukb cỄ trỻl t`Ẻp vỗ d` ocởlc cỗbd
c`b lỹ
ã
]j lcj ocởlc cỗbd ln d`ởl ěƷỬl qukb tán lë bcáb cük v`Ễl truyịb
•
Lubd lẨp sỻ tcuẮb t`Ễb, tcýbd t`b lc` t`Ẻt oc` nuk sẪn
•
\ỻ aðbd b vỗ pcởt tr`b lởl pcbd t`b truyb tcýbd `b t vỗ lở
tcýbd
bcỏb vỗ tc`t ip l s m i`u ocởlc cỗbd bdỗy lỗbd m mỗbd cb
ã
Nkroht`bd trl t`p d`ừp tČbd lƷỞbd ocẬ bČbd lẫbc trkbc bcỞ oẺt cỬp
c`Ễu quẬ vở` lël lýbd lu ocël lỤk lc`åu tcỏ
;.=.8.<.
•
•
Cébc tcỠl Nkroht`bd ttrrl t`pp
[ubd lởj ởp bd trl t`p
ã
]c lcỗj cỗbd
M`rhlt nk`i
ã
Nkroht`bd trỻl tuyẺb, H “ Ljnnhrlh, N “ Ljnnhrlh
]ün tẪt lcƷƫbd ;
]rjbd lcbd ;, hn ỡ c tcbd i` iỵ tcuyt v Nkroht`bd, quở trộbc truyb
tcýbd vỗ 8 lýbd l trjbd lc`Ẻb iƷỬl lc`åu tcỏ aẻbd lël ocë` b`Ễn, vk` trñ vỗ b`
mubd lk tbd ocở` b`n. ỏy iỗ l s iỵ iub lk lc`b il lc`ồu tc iỗn t`b
lỹ bcbd o`b tcl rứ rỗbd al vỗj lcbd 1 lk tỗ` 5 Wcỏb tợlc lc`b
il lc`ồu tc lk \Ậb WcẠn BƷởl D`Ậ` Ocët lü dk Ljlk-Ljik ]ẫ` ]p. CỜ Lcỵ
N`bc d`k` ějẫb 17;3 - 1717„.
1717„ .
24
LCƪƧBD 1.
WCÁB ]
]ỴỴLC LC
LC@ẲB Iƪ
IƪỡL LC
LC@ÅX ]C
]Cễ LỦ
LỦK \ạ
\ạB
WCảN BƪổL D@ạ@ OCË] LÜ DK LJLKLJLK -LJIK ]ầ@ ]W. Cố LCỴ
N@BC D@K@ ėJầB 17;3 - 1717
1.;. ]ờBD [XKB Vệ ]Cễ ]QƪộBD BƪổL D@ạ@ OCË] ]ầ@ V@Ệ] BKN
BKN
1.
1.;.
;.;.
;.
Ocë`
Ocë` b`Ễn
b`Ễn tc
tcỏỏ ttrƷ
rƷỞb
Ởbdd bƷởl
bƷởl d`
d`Ậ`
Ậ` oc
ocët
ët V`Ễt
V`Ễt Bk
Bkn
n
1.;.;.;.
]ébc cé
cébc o`bc
`bc tẺ
tẺ V`
V`Ễt Bkn 17;3 - 17
17117
ėẤu bČn 1774, V`Ễt Bkn d`k bcẮp T]J. ]ữ ỹ t` bky, V`t Bkn ỡ t
l bc`u tcỗbc tu trjbd v`Ễl pcët tr`Ọb o`bc tẺ, bábd lkj ěỞ` sớbd lk bd` mỏb,
b bc v`l iỗn vỗ bc`u tcỗbc tu tråb bc`ịu iĠbc vỻl ocël.
- ]Čbd trƷỚbd tråb 4% bČn 17;0 iỗ nt t`b vu` ` v` tbd bd` mỏb V`Ễt
Bkn, trjbd aớ` lẬbc lël tỘ lcỠl quớl tẺ ěịu lcj rẻbd, bịb o`bc tẺ tcẺ d`ở` ěkbd
xuẨt c`Ễb c`Ễb tbd ab tcp.
L tc, ỹ iỗ tbd trbd tcp, tcbd n`- u t tcp, iỡ` sut tcp vỗ in
pcởt tcp. `u bỗy lỹ tc mb b trộ tr oj mỗ` vỗ s lcuyb skbd suy tcjở`.
]bd trbd o`bc t tjỗb lẤu ěkbd lcỪbd iẫ`, t`Ẻb trébc pcỨl cỜ` vị tcƷƫbd
nẫ`, sb xut, u t kbd nt ỗ. ]cu qukb d`k tbd vỗ tộbc trbd ap aồbc oj
mỗ` mj lcợbc sởlc tcbd n` dỏy rk ỡ iỗn suy yu cjt bd u t vỗ bcu lu
cỗbd cỹk iỏu ab. Ibc vl sb xut t`p tl trộ tr vỗ tcbd n` tjỗb lẤu tČbd
trƷỚbd lcẮn. LČbd tcẼbd tcƷƫbd nẫ` NỰ- ]rubd [uớl m`Ỉb a`Ẻb pcỠl tẫp, mñbd
vớb FM@ pcỨl cỜ` sj vở` bČn 17;3, bcƷbd lñb yẺu, b`ịn t`b ěẤu tƷ d`Ận.
]uy bc`åb, tcỞ` oé cỐ` bcẮp nỚ lỮk vắb ěhn iẫ` bcỪbd lƫ cỐ iởb trjbd v`Ễl
d`kj iƷu, pcët tr`Ọb o`bc t tc trbd bc`u tcỗbc pcb vỗ cp tởl n rbd v` lởl
mjkbc bdc`p bl bdjỗ`.
1.;.;.1.
Vb cỹk Sỡ c` bd
bdƷỞ` V`Ễt B
Bkkn
Vở` tớl ěỐ tČbd trƷỚbd DMW bcƷ tråb, tcu bcp lk bd` V`t Bkn lbd
bdỗy lỗbd tbd iồb, mắb tở` v`Ễl bdƷỞ` máb sẾ lc` t`åu bc`ịu cƫb trjbd v`Ễl nuk sẪn
lël tcỠ lẤb tc`Ẻt lcj aẬb tcáb.
25
