Báo cáo thực tập tổng hợp công ty TNHH medistar việt nam

=

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

NầF MầF YLM YẠS YộKD LỮS MÙKD YU YKLL
JBIE]YG^ XEỈY KGJ
JỢm `Ợm
@Ớe kýe ėẤu................................................................................................................=
MLƦƣKD 7? DEởE YLEỈR MLRKD Xể MÙKD YU Y^ÇML KLEỈJ LR
LK JBIE]YG^ XEY KGJ...............................................................................9
KGJ...............................................................................9
7.
7.77 Ykd
Ykd qugk
qugk quỗ trkl
trkl lk
lkl
l tlók
tlókl
l plỗt
plỗt trek
trek mg mựkd
mựkd ty
ty............................9
7.7.7 Yùk, g ml mựkd ty..................................................................................9

7.
7.7.
7.>> Mlk
Mlkdd k
kdd pplỗ
lỗtt tre
trek
k mg
mg Jbi
Jbies
estg
tgrr Xet
Xet Kgj
Kgj....................................9
....................................9
7.> Ml
Mlm
m kkd
kkd,, kle
kleỄj
Ễj vỢ mỤg
mỤg mù
mùkd
kd ty................................................................2
ty................................................................2
7.>.7 Mlụm kčkd................................................................................................2
. ...............................................................................................2
7.>.> KleỄj vỢ..................................................................................................2
7.
7.== MƧ mu

mu t
t mlm
mlm n jỗy
jỗy
e
eu
u lók
lókl
l mựk
mựkdd ty
ty...................................................2
7.
7.=.7
=.7 ]
m
m mu
mu t
t mlm
mlm n jỗ
jỗyy quk
quk `ỳ
`ỳ mg
mg Jbie
Jbiestg
stgrr Xet
Xet Kgj
Kgj...............2
...............2
7.
7.=.

=.>> Mlm
Mlm kkd
kkd vó
vó kle
klej
j vv
mg
mg mmỗm
ỗm plỵk
plỵkdd ngk
ngk vó
vó ml
mlmm v........................8
v........................8
7.=.>.7 Deỗj m mle klỗkl................................................................................4
klỗkl................................................................................4
7.=.>.> Deỗj m mựkd ty....................................................................................4
ty....................................................................................4
7.9 Mỗm iml v if mựkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr mukd mp..........................................<
mp ..........................................<
7.2 Alỗe quỗt tkl lkl sk xut aekl ifgkl mỤg mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr XeỄt
Kgj........................................................................................................................73
Kgj
........................................................................................................................73
MLƦƣKD >? YLỳM Y^ảKD XÃ XEỈM WRẮK @Ú LFảY ēỜKD ēẨR YƦ
SLÇY Y^EỎK MỨG MÙKD YU YKLL JBIE]YG^ XEỈY KGJ....................72
KGJ ....................72
>.7 Ylỷm trầkd lft kd u t plỗt trek mg Jbiestgr Xet Kgj................72
Kgj ................72
>.7.7 ēẴm ėeọj vệ kduờk vỗk mỤg mùkd ty..........................................................72

ty..........................................................72
>.7.> ēẤu t plỗt trek te Jbiestgr plợk tlbf ke iukd...................................78
...................................78
>.7.>.7 u tƳ tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl...........................................................................7<
ėềkl...........................................................................7<
>.7.>.> ēẤu tƳ lãkd tờk trỦ ..............................................................................75
..............................................................................75
>.7.>.= u t plỗt trek klợk `m....................................................................>3
`m....................................................................>3
>.7.>.9 u t plỗt trek Alfg lỊm ” Mùkd kdlỄ.............................................>=
kdlỄ .............................................>=
>.7.>.2 ēẤu tƳ mlf lfầt kd Jgrabtekd..........................................................>9
..........................................................>9
>.> Mựkd tỗm quk `ỳ lft kd u t tầe mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj >2

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




9

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

>.>.7 Wuk `ỳ u t trfkd quỗ trkl `p a lfml u t te Jbiestgr Xet
Kgj.....................................................................................................................>8

Kgj
.....................................................................................................................>8
>.>.> Wuk `ỳ u t trfkd quỗ trkl `p i ỗk te Jbiestgr Xet Kgj ............>4
>.>.= Wuk `ỳ u t trfkd quỗ trkl tlj kl i ỗk te Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj.><
Kgj.><
>.>.9 Wuậk `ú ėẤu tƳ trfkd lfầt ėổkd ėẢu tlẤu tầe Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj............><
Kgj............><
>.>.2 Wuậk `ú ėẤu tƳ trfkd quỗ trkl quk `ỳ i ỗk..........................................>5
ỗk ..........................................>5
>.= ỗkl deỗ lft kd u t vó mựkd tỗm quk `ỳ lft ėổkd ėẤu tƳ tầe
Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj................................................................................................>5
Kgj................................................................................................>5
>.=.7 KlỦkd tlãkl tỷu ėầt m........................................................................>5
m........................................................................>5
>.=.7.7
>.=.
7.7 Ylókl
Ylókl tu t mỗm
mỗm lft
lft kd u
u t mg
mg Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr................................=3
................................=3
>.=.7.>
>.=.
7.> Ylókl
Ylókl tu v mựkd
mựkd tỗm
tỗm qu

qukk `ỳ lf
lftt kd u t.................................=3
.................................=3
>.=.> Klkd jt mỵk lk ml.............................................................................=7
.............................................................................=7
>.=.>.7
>.=.
>.7 Lk ml
ml trfkd
trfkd mỗm
mỗm lft kd
kd u
u t pl
plỗt
ỗt trek
trek...................................=7
...................................=7
>.=.>.> Lk ml
>.=.>.>
ml trfkd
trfkd mựkd
mựkd tỗm quk
quk `ỳ
`ỳ lft kd
kd u
u t...............................=7
...............................=7
MLKD =? JM YẸR, ēỏKL LƦởKD SLÇY Y^EỎK XÃ DEẮE SLÇS
ALẫM SLứM LảK MLẻ YảE JBIE]YG^ XEỈY KGJ..................................==
KGJ ..................................==

=.7 JỢm teïu vã ėềkl lkd plỗt trek mg Jbiestgr Xet Kgj........................==
Kgj ........................==
=.> Dee plỗp alẦm plỢm lầk mlẶ tầe Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj...................................=9
Kgj ...................................=9
=.>.7 Deậe plỗp alm plm lk ml trfkd lft kd u t..............................=9
..............................=9
=.>.> Dee plỗp alm plm lk ml trfkd mựkd tỗm quk `ú lfầt ėổkd ėẤu tƳ ..=9
..=9
AẶt `uẪk...................................................................................................................=8
Igkl jỢm tãe `eỄu tlgj alậf...................................................................................=4

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




2

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

Igkl jm mỗm t vet tt
Y vet tt
YKLL
YSMK

Dee tlờml

Yrỗml klej lu lk
Ylm plj mlm kkd

Y
AML]]S\
M@
]\
D
SY]S
LMK]
Y]M
YKIK
AL MK
Y

Y
Aeùulfmlmulksskkxupltj
Mlt `kd
]k xut
Deỗj m
Slỗt trek sk plj
Lókl mlêkl klỵk sỷ
e sậk mỗ ėềkl
Ylu klẪp ifgkl kdleỄp
Alfg lỊm ” Mùkd kdlỄ
ēẤu tƳ

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl

8

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

Igkl jm lkl v
Yrgkd
Lkl
t kduk
mlm
mluk
m plỵkd
gktlbf
mựkdsty
tylu
YKLL
Jbi
Jbiestgr
estgrdege
Xe
Xet
Kgj....................
Kgj............
.........2
.2

Lkl 7.7
>.7 ]
Wuyjự
kd
vk mleg
mlnngk
eg
vó tờk
tờkl
l mlt
deg
etfk
>37>
>37> >37879
>378
79
 Làkl >.> MƧ mẢu kduờk
kduờk vỗk mleg
mleg tlbf sỖ llỦu
Ủu vã têk
têkll mlẢt dege
dege ėfầk >3
>37>
7> ” >378.72
>378. 72
 Làkl >.= MƧ mẢu `gf ėổkd
ėổkd plỵk
plỵk tlbf tràkl
tràkl ėổ mỤg Jbiestgr dege ėfầk
ėfầk >37> ” >378 

................................................................................................................................>3
 Làkl >.9 Wuy tràkl `Ẫp aẶ lfầml
lfầml ėẤu tƳ tầe mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr XeỄt
XeỄt Kgj......>2
Kgj.... ..>2
 Làkl >.2 Wuy tràkl `ỷg mlỊk klã tlẤu mỤg Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr XeỄt Kg
Kgj............................
j...............................>4 
...>4 
Igkl jỢm nậkd neọu
Yrgkd 
 Nậkd 7.7
7.7 Nậkd mỵk ėỗe aẶ tfỗk
tfỗk mg mựk
mựkdd ty YKLL Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr Xet
Xet Kgj >37>
>37> >378
>378
..................................................................................................................................5
Nkd 7.>
7.> Nỗf mỗf at qu aek
aekll ifgkl mựkd
mựkd ty YKLL
YKLL Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj dege ėfầk
>37> ” >378............................................................................................................7>
 Nậkd >.7

>.7 ēẤu t plỗt
plỗt trek te Jbie
Jbiestgr
stgr plợk tlbf ke iukd..................................78
Nkd >.>
>.> M mu u t plỗt tr
trek
ek tlbf ke iukd mg Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj............
Kgj..............74 
..74 
 Nậkd >.=
>.= Mle ėẤu tƳ
tƳ tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl mùkd
mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj >37>
>37> ” >379
>379
................................................................................................................................7<
 Nậkd >.9
>.9 Mlễ teïu ėẤu tƳ lãkd
lãkd tờk trỦ Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj >>37>
37> >378........
>378................
.........75
.75
Nkd >.2
>.2 u t mlf
mlf plỗt trek
trek kduk
kduk klợk `m........

`m......................................
.......................................
...............
......>3
>3
Nkd >.8
>.8 Ml teùu u plỗt trek Alfg lỊm ” Mùkd
Mùkd kdlỄ mỤg
mỤg Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr >37> ” >>378 
378 
................................................................................................................................>>
 Nậkd >.4
>.4 Mlễ teïu vỗk ėẤu tƳ mlf lfầt ėổkd Jgrabtekd
Jgrabtekd mỤg Jbiestg
Jbiestgrr dege ėfầ
ėfầkk
>37> - >378.............................................................................................................>9

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




=

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

@e kýe u
Kdóy kgy, mõkd vốe sỷ `ốk
`ốk jầkl mỤg kệk aekl tẶ, xu lkd
lkd tfók mu lýg xy
rg
ikd
`ó jt
eu
trkd
m le
plỗt trek
j
jgkd
lkkl
vó tlbf
mừkd
vett
ý,yu.
mợu Ylề
mluyỄk
mầklrổkd
trgkl`ốktlềlƧk,
trƳỚkd
deỚ alùkd
mlễ dýe
dỊk Ỗ plầj ve trfkd kƳốm jã ký ėí jỖ rổkd rg plầj ve tfãk mẤu vã trỖ kïk alỗm
`eỄt lƧk ngf deỚ lẶt.
ēọ mý tlọ tờk tầe ėƳửm trfkd jổt kệk aekl tẶ ‐jỖ‚ klƳ leỄk kgy tl mỗm

ifgkl kdlep Xet Kgj mk mý klkd nek plỗp tờml mm, kkd kd, nt ap xu tl
plỗt trek mý al kkd
kkd mly ug
ug ve m mỗm ifgkl
ifgkl kdlep
kdlep trïk tlẶ ddeốe.
eốe. Xã mý `Ẻ
`ã mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj `ã jổt trfkd sỗ ėý.
ēƳửm tlãkl `Ẫp vãf kčj >377, tuy kleïk, mlễ sgu dẤk 4 kčj lfầt kd mựkd
ty ớ mý klkd nm plỗt trek vt nm ỗkd ml ỳ. ]gu jt tle degk tj leu,
kl mý sỷ lƳốkd iạk kleỄt tàkl mỤg Ylầm sĥ KduyỂk Iuy Yuk vó mỗm gkl ml mỗk n
trfkd mựkd ty, bj ėí mý klỦkd leọu neẶt mƧ nậk vệ Jbiestgr vã m trkl nóy trfkd
nk nf ie
ie ợy.
Nk nỗf mỗf dj mý = mlƳƧkd?
MlƳƧkd 7? Deốe tleỄu mlukd vệ mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj
MlƳƧkd >? Ylỷm trầkd vã veỄm quậk `ỳ lft kd u t plỗt trek mg
mựkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr Xet Kgj
Mlkd =? Jm teùu, kl lkd plỗt trek vó dee plỗp alm plm lk
ml te Jbiestgr Xet Kgj.
Nk nỗf mỗf ie ợy ml jgkd tờkl ml qugk mg nk tlợk bj kùk alý trỗkl
ale sge sýt. ^t jfkd klk m ỳ aek klk xồt vó ỗkl deỗ t plờg mỗm tly mự vó
mỗm nk.
Bj xek mlợk tlókl mj Ƨk!

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl

9

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

MLKD 7? DEE YLEỈR MLRKD Xể MÙKD YU Y^ÇML
KLEỈJ LừR LảK JBIE]YG^ XEỈY KGJ
7.7Ykd qugk quỗ trkl lkl tlókl plỗt trek mg mựkd ty
7.
7.7.
7.77 Yïk,
Yïk, ėề
ėềgg mlễ
mlễ mùkd
mùkd ty
- Yïk mùkd ty? Mùkd ty Yrỗml klej lu lk Jbiestgr Xet Kgj
- Yùk degf iềml quỗm tẶ? Jbiestgr Xebt Kgj Mf.,`ti
- ēềg mlễ? ]ỗ 8, kdò >7= plỗ Yrukd Aêkl, quẪk MẤu DeẢy, Lã Ke
- Kló jỗy? @ự 97 M>, Alu Mựkd kdlep Wugkd Jekl, Jï @ekl, Lã Kổe
- ]ỗ ėeỄk tlfầe? 3>9 =4<> 95=8 ] jỗy hgx? 3>9 =4<> 95=2
- Jớ sỗ tluẶ? 3732=95<95 if ]Ỗ AẶ lfầml vã ēẤu tƳ tlãkl plỗ Lã Kổe mẢp kdãy
34/38/>377
- @fầe làkl ėčkd aú? mùkd ty YKLL > tlãkl veïk trỖ `ïk
- Kdãkl kdlệ aekl ifgkl?
]ậk xuẢt, deg mùkd tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd
ēčkd aú, mùkd nỗ mlụkd klẪk tẹu mluấk sậk plấj
\ỵy iỷkd mùkd tlụm nãf mlẶ

YƳ vẢk, mukd mẢp tleẶt nề y tẶ
- ēềg mlễ bjge`? ekhfCjbiestgr.mfj.vk
ekhfCjbiestgr.mfj.vk ”
 ” jbiestgrvebtkgjCdjge`.mfj





- Lft`ekb? 3548 <8 <= =<
- Tbnsetb? jbiestgr.mfj.vk
7.7.> Mlkd
7.7.>
Mlkd
kd
kd plỗt
plỗt ttrek
rek mg Jbies
Jbiestgr
tgr Xet Kgj
Kdóy 34/38/>377
34/38/>377 ]Ỗ AẶ lfầml vã ēẤu tƳ tlãkl plỗ Lã Ke ớ mp dey
mlkdYre
klkqug
kd
aỳ aekl
s 3732=95<95
mlfjt
mựkd
ty YKLL

Xet
Kgj.
4 kj
plỗtifgkl
trek Jbiestgr
tr tlókl
trfkd
klkd Jbiestgr
ifgkl kdleỄp
uy têk lãkd ėẤu vã ėầt ėƳửm kleệu tlãkl mựkd ỗkd kdkd j.
Kj >37= kló jỗy u teùk mg Jbiestgr ėe vãf lfầt ėổkd vốe quy jù `ïk
ėẶk lƧk >333 j> vã lƧk 23 mùkd klỵk `ãj veỄm tlƳỚkd xuk. Yrfkd kčj ėý,
ifgkl sỗ dle klẪk mỤg Jbiestgr `ïk tốe =3 t kd vó mỵk lg lk tkd jkl tlỚe
degk teẶp tlbf.
 Kčj >379, mùkd ty mluyọk trỢ sỖ `ãj veỄm tỡ KduyỂk KdỊm Xť vệ Yrukd
Aêkl mlf tốe kgy. ēờkd tlỚe, vãf kdãy 75/< mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj
mťkd vekl iỷ ėƳửm YỒkd mỢm Yeïu mluấk ēf `ƳỚkd MlẢt `Ƴửkd mẢp DeẢy mlụkd
klẪk lỄ tlỗkd quậk `ú mlẢt `kd E]F 5337?>33<.
Kj
>372
if klkd
tlkd
ớ tplm
mv
klkd
kj
trm
mựkdve
ty
tep tm

alỗkl
tlókl
kló jỗy
s >`emluyùk
sk xut
veùk
kgkdý,jj
]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




2

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

tkd vk u t trùk 23 t kd. Kló jỗy s > mý tỒkd ieỄk têml trïk >333 j >, vốe
iỵy mluyệk mùkd kdl m mluyk degf t mỗm a s Lók Wum. ēỵy mý tlọ kýe `ã
jổt iẢu Ảk qugk trỊkd trfkd quỗ trkl plỗt trek mg Jbiestgr.
Ykd quy jự > kló jỗy sk xut mg Jbiestgr `ùk te dk 2333 j >ve lk
733
klợkalb
veùkmg
mừkd
lek vó
ekdfóe

ớ dep
Jbiestgr t tek ỗp
kd mỗk
je n
yùumựkd
mu alt
mỗmtrgkd
alỗmltlet
lókdntrfkd
km.
Kl eu aek plỗt trek tluk `e kùk klu mu j rổkd klƳ `ã jổt ėeệu tẢt
yẶu. Mlêkl và tlẶ jã kčj >374 kãy, Ngk `íkl ėầf mùkd ty teẶp tỢm mý aẶ lfầml jỖ 
rổkd sậk xuẢt nặkd veỄm mluấk nề xợy ikd kló jỗy s = trfkd kj te, kj >37<.
7.>Mlụm kčkd, kleỄj vỢ mỤg mùkd ty
7.>.7 Mlụm kč
kčkd 
Mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr Xet Kgj mluyùk mukd mp mỗm iml v t vk nóf
ml tlum, mỗm sk plj mlm kkd, mỗm trgkd tlet n y t....Xe vge trỵ `ó jt mựkd
ty YKLL > tlãkl veïk trỖ `ïk, Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj tỷ mlu trỗml klej ve klkd
at qu if mỗm lft kd aekl ifgkl ėbj `ầe.
7.>.> K
leỄmlụm
j vỢkčkd kïu trïk, kleỄj vỢ mỤg mùkd ty mý tlọ `eỄt aï rg ėý `ã?
Xốe
]Ừ ikd lp `ỳ mỗm kduk vk, alựkd klkd nf tfók jó mỵk plỗt trek tlbf
tle degk
Ml tek lókl tlm lek aekl ifgkl mỗm jt lókd ớ kd aỳ ve ] A
lfml vó u t.
Yuợk tl mỗm quy kl v gk tfók v sekl, mỗm `ut jó m qugk kló km ngk
lãkl ėỗe vốe `fầe làkl mùkd ty YKLL kýe mlukd vã mùkd ty YKLL vệ iƳửm

 plấj kýe rẹkd.
rẹkd.
@úk tlỷm leỄk ėÿkd vã kdlẹj tÿm klỦkd lửp ėờkd aekl ifgkl ėí aỳ ve
mỗm e tỗm, j nf ml tờk trùk tl trkd t ý plỗt trek tlkd leu jt
mỗml trfkd sml vã nệk vỦkd.
@úk mlčj `f mlf ėỚe sỗkd mùkd klỵk veïk, tlỷm leỄk mlẶ ėổ nậf leọj vã
kdlễ plåp tlbf kd quy kl mg plỗp `ut.
7.=M mu t mlm n jỗy eu lókl mựkd ty
7.=.7
7.=
.7 ] m
m mu t
t mlm
mlm n jỗ
jỗyy quk
quk `ỳ mg Jbiestg
Jbiestgrr Xet Kgj










]XYL. Slj Ylề @gk Gkl

8

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

Lkl 7.7 ] t mlm plỵkd ngk mựkd ty YKLL Jb
Jbiestgr
iestgr Xet
Xet Kgj
Le kd tlókl veùk
Ykd deỗj m mựkd ty

Deỗj m mle klỗkl

D kló jỗy

Deỗj m mựkd ty

D Aekl ifgkl

D SY]S

D tóe mlờkl

S. M ek

S. Aekl ifgkl

Slỵkd SY]S

Slỵkd a tfỗk

S. AL]\

S. mukd kd

S. Kdleùk mu

Slỵkd LMK]

S. Ylờ kdlej

Slỵkd S^

S. Ylet a

S. j nf

Slỵkd M]AL

Slợk xkd ]\
(Kduk? Slỵkd Lókl mlờkl klợk s)
7.=.> Mlm kkd vó kl
7.=.>
klej

ej v mg mỗm
mỗm plỵkd
plỵkd ngk vó
vó mlm
mlm vỢ
 Lổe ėờkd tlãkl veïk
veïk trfkd mùkd ty YKLL (tỡ > tlãkl veïk trỖ `ïk) `ã mƧ qugk
qugk trỊkd, deÿp mùkd ty ėƳg rg klỦkd quyẶt ėềkl jgkd têkl ėềkl lƳốkd mlf s
plỗt trek mg tfók mựkd ty. Xờ i kl mỗm mleẶk `Ƴửm vã aẶ lfầml ėẤu tƳ tlbf kčj,
tlbf aỽ, vml rg mỗm dee plỗp plỗp trek tl trkd, mỗm plƳƧkd tlụm luy ėổkd vỗk,
quyẶt ėềkl jụm `ƳƧkd tlƳỖkd vã `e ờml mlf mỗm v trờ....
Ykd deỗj m mựkd ty`ó
ty `ó kde trm tep eu lókl mỗm mựkd vem, mỗm quy
tràkl vẪk lãkl lãkd kdãy mỤg mùkd ty klƳ ėƳg rg mỗm quyt kl `eùk qugk te vem
]XYL. Slj Yl @gk Gkl




4

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

aekl ifgkl, t mlm mỗm plkd ỗk aekl ifgkl lfm u t, trek alge mỗm quyt
kl ớ m tlựkd qug mg Le kd tlókl veùk.
7.=.>.7 Deỗj m mle klỗkl

Deỗj m mle klỗkl`ó
klỗkl`ó kde trm tep eu lókl Deỗj m kló jỗy mkd
kl dee quyt mỗm vk v vem vk lókl quy trkl sk xut te mỗm kló jỗy mg
mựkd ty. Deỗj m mle klỗkl mlu s quk `ỳ mg Ykd deỗj m mựkd ty vó ple
mlu trỗml klej e ve tt m klkd vk plỗt sekl mý `eùk qugk.
Deỗj m kló jỗy`ó
jỗy`ó kde mlu trỗml klej quk `ỳ trm tep te mỗm lft
kd mg?
Slỵkd m ek
Slỵkd AL]\
Slỵkd tlờ kdlej
Slỵkd j nf
Slợk xkd sk xut
Slỵkd AL]\ g rg mỗm xut v aẶ lfầml sậk xuẢt mỤg mùkd ty, sậk xuẢt
`fầe sậk plj kóf, s `kd ngf kleùu. Slỵkd tlờ kdlej `ó kƧe teẶk lãkl tlỪ
kdleỄj leỄu quậ mỤg sậk plấj jã mựkd ty ml tf rg, tf eu aek dep mỗm sậk
 plấj ėƳửm tlỡg klẪk trfkd kƳốm mťkd klƳ quỗm tẶ. Mỗm plỵkd kùu trùk lp tỗm v
mluyùk jựk dep mùkd ty ėƳg rg klỦkd sậk plấj mlẢt `Ƴửkd mý alậ kčkd mầkl
trgkl trïk tlề trƳỚkd. ]gu ėý, mlÿkd sẺ m g vóf mỗm plợk xkd sk xut
tf rg sk plj mukd mp mlf tl trkd.






7.=.>.> Deỗj m mựkd ty
Deỗj m mựkd tymý
tymý mlm kkd vó klej v tkd t kl tkd deỗj m,
Deỗj m mựkd ty `ó kde trm tep eu ple mỗm lft kd lókd kdóy mg mựkd ty

vó quk `ỳ deỗj m mỗm n plk? D aekl ifgkl, D plỗt trek sk plj, D tóe
mlờkl
g. DeỗjDeỗj
m aekl
ifgkl
m aekl
ifgkl`ó kde mlu trỗml klej v mỗm lft kd aekl ifgkl
ifgkl `ã
trfkd mùkd ty. MỢ tlọ, Dē aekl ifgkl mỤg Jbiestgr trm tep quk `ỳ mỗm plỵkd sgu?
Slỵkd Aekl ifgkl
Slỵkd mukd kd
Slỵkd S^
Slỵkd M]AL
Slỵkd aekl ifgkl tlm lek tlgj ju mlf deỗj m v quỗ trkl t mlm
aekl ifgkl mg mựkd ty, `p a lfml plỗt trek sk plj tl trkd, tlet `p mỗm
ml teùu vó degf vem mlf mỗm n plk alỗm.





Slỵkd mukd kd pl trỗml v kduyùk `eu u vóf mlf quỗ trkl sk xut.
]k
plj mg
mplỵkd
sk xut
jgrabtekd
S^. rg sẺ ėƳửm ėấy jầkl tỗm ėổ teïu tlỢ nặkd mỗm mlek `m
]XYL. Slj Yl @gk Gkl

<

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

Xó mue mừkd, plỵkd M]AL s tlm lek t vk vó tep klk plk le mg
alỗml lókd alỗml lókd mg Jbiestgr alựkd ple `ó klkd kde teùu iừkd jó `ó
mỗm ifgkl kdlep aekl ifgkl vó plợk ple sk plj mlm kkd, mỗm k v mý klu
mu t vk mựkd tlm. Mỗm plỵkd ngk mý jỗe `eïk aẶt mlẴt mlẺ vốe klgu và jm teùu
mlukd mg tfók mựkd ty.
n. Deỗj m
m SY]S
Deỗj m SY]Strm
trm tep quk `ỳ mỗm vk `eùk qugk k mlẢt `Ƴửkd mỤg
sậk plấj vã alậ kčkd mầkl trgkl mỤg sk plj trùk tl trkd. Deỗj m SY]S
trm tep quk `ỳ mỗm plỵkd sgu?
Slỵkd plỗt trek sk plj
Slỵkd kdleùk mu
Slỵkd tlet a
Yrfkd ý, plỵkd plỗt trek sk plj ml trkd ėẶk veỄm kỵkd mgf alậ kčkd
mầkl trgkl mỤg sậk plấj ngf dờj mậ mầkl trgkl vệ mlẢt `Ƴửkd vã mầkl trgkl v deỗ.
Xe s l tr mg plỵkd kdleùk mu, deỗj m plỗt trek sk plj s g rg quyt
kl ėấy jầkl veỄm sậk xuẢt `fầe sậk plấj kãf plõ lửp tàkl làkl mỤg mùkd ty vã tlề
trƳỚkd. ]gu ėý, plỵkd tlet a s j klej vem tlet a ngf nà mťkd klƳ ek Ảk ėọ

mlf rg jạu jí ėẵp klt tlu lt kde teùu iừkd.




m. Deỗj m tóe mlờkl
Deỗj m tóe mlờkl`ó
mlờkl`ó kde mý klej v x `ỳ mỗm je qugk l tóe mlờkl mg
mựkd ty. \ợy ikd mỗm a lfml tóe mlờkl, g rg mỗm plkd plỗp alge tlỗm kduk
vk mý leu qu mkd kl i nỗf, g rg ỳ aek tlgj ju mlf deỗj m v tkl
lkl tóe mlờkl mg mựkd ty trfkd tkd `ge. Deỗj m tóe mlờkl quk `ỳ Slỵkd a
tfỗk vó Slỵkd lókl mlờkl.
Slỵkd a tfỗk mý klej v tlbf iũe tkl lkl tóe sk vó kduk vk mg mựkd
ty. \ỗm kl s `uợk mluyk iỵkd vk, klu mu vk vó tờkl deỗ tlókl sk plj `ój
tek quyt kl deỗ nỗk sk plj.
Slỵkd lókl mlờkl klợk s mlu trỗml klej v mựkd tỗm lókl mlờkl vk tl
vó klợk s mlf mựkd ty.
7.9 Mỗm iềml vỢ if mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr mukd mẢp
 Kleệu kdƳỚe neẶt ėẶk Jbiestgr klƳ jổt mùkd ty iƳửm plấj mluyïk sk xut
mỗm `fe tlm plj mlm kkd. Nùk mkl iml v tl jkl ý, mựkd ty mỵk mukd kd
kleu `fe iml v alỗm. Ylbf dey plồp kd aỳ aekl ifgkl s 3732=95<95, jt s
iml v alỗm ngf dj?
Yl klt, sk xuẢt vã deg mùkd tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd 
Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj mlêkl `ã ėƧk về tlỷm leỄk sậk xuẢt vã deg mùkd tlỷm plấj
mlụm kčkd, ėbj ėẶk mlf mfk kdƳỚe sụm alỆb vã muổm sỗkd tỗt lƧk. Jbiestgr mlễ tẪp
trukd vãf sk xut, nóf ml jó alựkd plợk ple. Mỗm alỗml lãkd mỤg Jbiestgr `ã
]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl

5

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

mỗm ifgkl kdlep, mỗm e `ỳ plợk ple tlm plj mlm kkd. e tỗm s xbj xồt vó
t jug mỗm sk plj mg Jbiestgr sậk xuẢt lfẴm tàj ėẶk Jbiestgr klỚ deg mùkd
tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd tlbf yïu mẤu sgu ėý tlỷm leỄk plợk ple te mỗm e `ỳ vó kló
tlum.
>

tlkd
kalu
2333kduyùk
j , m
trgkd
nkd
iợy
mluykL
mựkd
kdlkló
vó jỗy
jỗy quy
jýmjự
lek`ke`ùk
klp

mlem
ỗpnkd
teùumỗm
mluk
DJS TLF mg N y t. Lókd kj, Jbiestgr sậk xuẢt ėƳửm tốe >3 treỄu ėƧk về
sậk plấj, t tek ỗp kd klu mu mg kleu nk lókd trfkd vã kdfãe kƳốm.
Ylụ lge, tƳ vẢk ėčkd aú vã mùkd nỗ mlụkd klẪk teïu mluấk sậk plấj
ēọ deÿp ėủ e tỗm aekl ifgkl plợk ple, Jbiestgr tlm lek vem tƳ vẢk
ėčkd ẳ mťkd klƳ mùkd nỗ mlụkd klẪk tẹu mluk sk plj mlf mỗm k v aekl
ifgkl plợk ple trfkd `kl vm tlm plj mlm kkd.
Mỗm iml v ngf dờj?








Mùkd nỗ mlụkd klẪk teïu mluấk sậk plấj tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd sậk xuẢt
trfkd
Mùkd kƳốm
nỗ mlụkd klẪk teïu mluấk sậk plấj tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd klẪp alấu
Mùkd nỗ plỢ deg tlỷm plấj vã mlẢt lỔ trử mlẶ neẶk tlỷm plấj klẪp alấu
Mùkd nỗ plỢ deg tlỷm plấj vã mlẢt lỔ trử mlẶ neẶk tlỷm plấj trfkd kƳốm
Mùkd nỗ iỢkd mỢ, vẪt `eỄu ngf dýe, mlụg ėỷkd tlỷm plấj klẪp alấu
Mùkd nỗ ngf nà, iỢkd mỢ mlụg ėỷkd tlỷm plấj sậk xuẢt trfkd kƳốm

(Kduờk?lttp?//jbiestgr.mfj.vk/igkl-jum/ieml-vu/igkd-ae-mfkd-nf-mlukdklgk-tebu-mlugk-sgk-plgj.ltj` ” wbnsetb mlêkl tlụm mỤg mùkd ty).
Ylụ ng, kdlẹk mụu, xỵy iỷkd mùkd tlụm vã nãf mlẶ tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd

 KlƳ sƧ ėờ mƧ mẢu tỒ mlụm mỗm plỵkd ngk ớ g rg trùk, mý tl tly
Jbiestgr
mý reùkd
mlfkd
jkl
mu. m
trgkd
klkd
jým
lek
e mừkd
ve e
mỗmjt
n plỵkd
mý trklkdleùk
mluyùk
jựk mgf
vó n
deóu
aekljỗy
kdlej.
Slỵkd kdleùk mu mlờkl `ó ke tf rg mỗm mựkd tlm tluỗm, aeọj kdleỄj mlÿkd
trƳốm ale ėƳg vãf sậk xuẢt.
Jbiestgr lỔ tr e tỗm jt mỗml te g trfkd vem t vk mựkd tlm, nóf ml
mlf rg e mỗm sk plj mý kduờk kduyïk `eỄu sầml, plfkd plÿ, aẶt lửp vốe mựkd
kdl mgf jgkd tờkl t plỗ, tf al kkd mkl trgkl trïk tlề trƳỚkd.
Ylụ tƳ, tƳ vẢk vã mukd mẢp mỗm tlet n jỗy jým y t
Nùk mkl mỗm `fe iềml vỢ `eïk qugk ėẶk tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd, Jbiestgr mỵk
`ó kló t vk vó mukd mp mỗm tlet n jỗy jým y t. Mỗm tlet n jó Jbiestgr plợk
ple k t mỗm lớkd ke tekd trùk tl dee kl? ‐DB ” Jỵ1 LỄ tlỗkd GX Ejpu`sb

mỤg Kfvgjbiex- Gkl1 @urfpgs”Ú1 Mfjbi, Lgke` Lók Wum vó mỗm `fe vt t y tẶ
teïu lgf... trïk tlề trƳỚkd Lãk Wuỗm, XeỄt Kgj.‚ (Kduk? Slỵkd M ek)
]XYL. Slj Yl @gk Gkl




73

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

]fkd sfkd ve veỄm plỵk plỗe tleẶt nề, mùkd ty mťkd klẪk tƳ vẢk tleẶt aẶ nỄkl
veỄk vốe quy jù tỡ >3 ” 7333 dekd. ]gu plợk ple mỵk mý iml v nf lókl, nf
tr mlờkl lớkd mlf klkd alỗml lókd s ikd sk plj tlet n jó Jbiestgr mukd
mp.
7.2
XetAlỗe
Kgjquỗt tkl lkl sk xuẢt aekl ifgkl mỤg mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr
 Nậkd 7.7 Nậkd
Nậkd mợk e
e a tfỗ
tfỗkk mg mựkd ty YKLL Jb
Jbiestgr
iestgr Xet
Xet Kgj >37>
>37> ” >378 

(ėƧk về? treỄu ėờkd)
Yãe sậk
Yãe sậk

>37>

>37=

>379

>372

>378

G. Yãe sk kdk lk

5.255

75.973

=9.==2

><.>55

=9.289

7.Yek vó mỗm alfk tkd
kd tek
>.Sle tlu alỗml lókd

7.289
7.>99

=.8<4
=.849

7>.5<9
=.428

7=.259
>.489

7>.59<
2.5<8

=.Yr trm mlf kde nỗk

>.5<8

=.2<4

=.5<4

>.<94

9.35<

9.Mỗm alfk ple tlu alỗm

<48

7.>=3

7.=5<

7.>35

7.75<

>.859

9.859

8.<94

2.5<=

2.=<3

>=2

>.2=<

2.=8=

7.53>

9.529

9<.337

85.=<<

84.29>

<2.293

<<.=92

2.Lókd tk alf
8.Yóe sk kdk lk alỗm
N. Yóe sk ióe lk

7.Mỗm alfk ple tlu ióe lk 7.==>

=.8<9

=.289

=.849

9.8<9

>.Yóe sk m kl

>=.2=>

>>.849

>7.<84

=4.5<9

=5.5<4

=.Mỗm alfk u t tóe mlờkl
ióe lk

>.92=

>.729

7.489

>.935

7.8<4

9.Yóe sk ióe lk alỗm

>3.8<9

93.<48

93.=94

97.94=

97.5<4

Ykd mkd tóe sậk

24.833

<<.45<

737.<44

77=.<=
5

7>>.535

Kduờk vỗk
]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




77

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Kduk vk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

>37>

>37=

>379

>372

>378

G.K ple tr

29.>23

44.88=

44.535

<>.54>

<7.>>2

7.Xgy kdk lk

7>.289

72.58<

7=.8<2

79.429

73.24=

>.Sle tr kde nỗk

7>.284

>9.2<9

>2.8<2

>9.52<

>=.5<4

=.Kde jug tr tek trm

>.982

9.28<

2.<82

5.248

7>.584

9.Ylu vó mỗm alfk ple
kp kló km

7.829

>.29=

>.849

=.8<9

=.85<

8.K ióe lk
N. Xk ml sỖ lỦu

>2.333
=.=23

=3.333
77.7=2

=3.333
>=.58<

=3.333
=3.<84

=3.333
97.8<9

7.Xỗk ėẤu tƳ mỤg mlỤ sỖ lỦu 7.533

7.533

77.333

77.333

77.333

73.@ửe kluẪk sgu tlu mlg
plợk ple

7.923

5.>=2

7>.58<

75.<84

=3.8<9

Ykd kduk vk

24.833

<<.45<

737.<44

77=.<=

5

7>>.535

(Kduk? Slỵkd a tfỗk)
Klk vóf nkd mợk e
e a tfỗk trùk mý tl tly trfkd
trfkd dege ėėfầk
fầk >37> ” >378
Jbiestgr mý kleệu neẶk ėổkd vệ tàkl làkl tãe mlêkl. YrƳốm lẶt, tỒkd kduờk vỗk tčkd
dẢp ėùe sgu dege ėfầk. MỢ tlọ `ã, kčj >37> kduờk vỗk mỤg mùkd ty ėầt alfậkd 24 tỴ
tlà sgu 2 kčj, sỗ vỗk ėý ėí tčkd `ïk dẤk 7>= tỴ ėờkd.
Mý tlọ tlẢy rặkd, kduờk vỗk làkl tlãkl mlỤ yẶu tỡ kduờk ėe vgy. Kčj >37>,
mùkd ty ėe vgy vỗk tỒkd mổkd dẤk 93 tỴ ėờkd. ]ỗ vỗk kãy m s ikd u t
xợy ikd kló jỗy vó tóe sk m kl, m tl `ó iợy mluyk jỗy jým tleẶt nề plỢm
vỢ sậk xuẢt. ēẶk kčj >37=, mùkd ty vạk teẶp tỢm vgy vỗk vốe aẶ lfầml xỵy ikd
kló jỗy sk xut s >.
Mý tl tly m s tčkd tƳƧkd ụkd Ỗ tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl vã tãe sk ióe lk mg
mựkd ty.
sk`óm
de t
jm
kl jỗy
kj
>37>
>379
alfkd
t
ựkd.
ýYóe

mlờkl
s kl
tek u
vófalỗ
iợyk
mluyk
jým
vó tlet
n kló
xkd>>mlf
]XYL. Slj Yl @gk Gkl




7>

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

kló jỗy s 7. Kj >372, mlờkl `ó kj kló jỗy s > ėe vãf lfầt ėổkd, mfk sỗ kãy
tčkd `ïk alfậkd =< tỴ ėờkd.
Jụm tãe sậk iãe lầk mťkd mý sỷ neẶk ėổkd, kčj >37> ėầt dẤk >7 tỴ, kčj
>37= tčkd `ïk dẤk 93 tỴ ėý `ã if veỄm xỵy iỷkd klã jỗy s >. Y kj >37= >378
mfk
s kóymựkd
de ty

jm
k kl.
a lfml
xợy ikd
klóXó
jỗykýss=.tep tm tkd klkd kj >374 vã >37< if
Ylãkl `Ẫp tỡ kčj >377, kčj >37> mùkd ty mlễ tlỷm leỄk iềml vỢ tƳ vẢk xỵy
iỷkd mùkd tlm tlum. If ý, `e kluk mỵk tlp ml alfkd 7,9 t kd. Mlf k
kj >37= ale kló jỗy sk xuẢt sỗ 7 ėe vãf lfầt ėổkd, `ửe kluẪk tčkd mgf klgkl
mlýkd `ïk lƧk 5 tỴ ėờkd. @ửe kluẪk teẶp tm tkd jt mỗml k kl klkd kj sgu
ý vó ėầt jỗm dẤk =3 tỴ vãf kčj >378.
Xỗk ėẤu tƳ mỤg mlỤ sỖ lỦu mý sỷ tlgy ėỒe vãf kčj >379 if deỗj m mựkd
ty, ựkd fók Yrukd m aỳ xỗm klk tkd t 7,5 `ùk 77 t kd.
]fkd sfkd vốe veỄm jỖ rổkd quy jù sậk xuẢt tlà mý tlọ tlẢy mùkd ty mťkd mý
aẶ lfầml trậ kử kdẦk lầk. Alfậk vgy kdẦk lầk deậj 9 tỴ Ỗ kčj >378 sf ve kj
>372.
Nkd 7.> Nỗf
Nỗf mỗf at qu aekl ifgkl mùk
mùkdd ty YKLL Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj dege
dege ėfầk
>37> ” >378
(k v? treu kd )
Ml teùu

>37>

>37=

>379

>372

>378

7.Ifgkl tlu nỗk lókd vó mukd mp iml
v

>.2=9

=3.7=
>

9>.59
<

23.549

84.3>=

3

3

3

3

3

=.Ifgkl tlu tluk v nỗk lókd vó mukd

mp iml v

>.2=9

=3.7=
>

9>.59
<

23.549

84.3>=

9.Deỗ vk lókd nỗk

7.9=9

74.9=
>

>2.82
9

>9.5<8

><.7<4

2.@e kluk dp v nỗk lókd vó mukd
mp iml v

7.733

7>.43
3

74.>5
9

>2.5<<

=<.<=8

<.Mle plờ nỗk lókd

>5<

42=

5<4

592

7.323

5.Mle plờ quk `ỳ ifgkl kdlep

7>=

9=>

284

897

482

73.@e kluk tluk t lft kd aekl

845

77.27

72.49

>9.93>

=4.3>7

>.Mỗm alfk dej trỡ

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




7=

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp

Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

ifgkl

2

3

77.Ylu klp alỗm

7.><4

7.7<4

7.933

7.><<

7.<33

7>.Mle plờ alỗm
7=.@e kluk alỗm

7>3
7.82=

>29
7.>=9

=78
>.7<4

972
7.548

9=3
>.25<

79.Ykd `
`e kluk a tfỗk trm tl
tlu

>.==>

7>.49
5

74.5>
4

>8.=4<

=5.875

988

>.223

=.599

2.<3=

4.5>9

7.<88

73.75
5

7=.5<
=

>3.242

=7.852

72.Mle plờ tlu YKIK lek lókl
78.@e kluk sgu tlu YKIK

(Kduk? Slỵkd A tfỗk)
Mừkd ve s nek kd jkl j mg tóe sậk vã kduờk vỗk tlọ leỄk trïk nậkd
mỵk ėỗe aẶ tfỗk tl klkd nek kd ifgkl tlu vó `e kluk mỤg Jbiestgr trfkd dege
ėfầk >37> ” >378 `ã jổt ėeệu tẢt yẶu.
MỢ tlọ vệ ifgkl tlu, kčj >37> mùkd ty mlễ ėầt alfậkd >,2 tỴ tlẶ klƳkd kčj
>37= aẶ teẶp ėý tčkd `ïk klỦkd =3 tỴ. ēeệu kãy lfãk tfãk i leu ne kj >37= kló
jỗy sk xut s 7 mg Jbiestgr e vóf lft kd mỵk trm ý mựkd ty mlễ tlỷm leỄk
iềml vỢ tƳ vẢk `ã mlêkl. ]gu sỷ neẶk ėổkd jầkl jẺ vệ ifgkl tlu kčj >37= tlà dege
ėfầk >37= ” >378 sỷ tčkd trƳỖkd vệ ifgkl tlu m ỗkl deỗ `ó jkl j vó kdóy

mókd plỗt trek. Mỗm kj >379, >372, >378 `k `t mý jm tčkd trƳỖkd ėầt alfậkd
93%, >3% vã =9% sf vốe kčj `ek trm ký.
Ylbf
tkdkluk
trkd
mgtlu
ifgkl
tlu>37>
tl `e
mg>,=
Jbiestgr
tkd jt
mỗmlmừkd
ỗkdvea.s@e
trm
kj
tkluk
alfkd
t, dege mkd
fk
>37= >378 jm tčkd `ửe kluẪk trukd nàkl 92,84%, mỢ tlọ kčj >379, >372, >378
mý jụm tčkd trƳỖkd `Ấk `Ƴửt `ã alfậkd 93%, 94%, 23% sf vốe kčj trƳốm ėý. Mý tlọ
tlẢy jụm tčkd mỤg `ửe kluẪk alùkd tƳƧkd ụkd vốe jụm tčkd mỤg ifgkl tlu. ēeệu
kãy mý tlọ `ú deậe jổt plẤk `ó if s tek mle mlf deỗ vk lókd nỗk (tụm teệk jug sẦj
kduyïk vẪt `eỄu ėẤu vãf..) mỤg tỡkd kčj alùkd ėÿkd vốe klu mẤu sỪ iỢkd trfkd kčj
ėý. Mùkd ty mý tlọ jug iỷ trỦ sỗ `Ƴửkd `ốk if deỗ mg tle a ý r vó s ikd
trfkd mỗm kj tep tlbf.
@e kluk sgu tlu trfkd dege fk >37= ” >378 mý jụm tčkd trƳỖkd trukd
 nàkl 98%, mỢ tlọ kčj >379, >372, >378 `Ấk `Ƴửt tčkd alfậkd =4%, 94%, 29% sf
ve kj trm ý. Mỗm ml s mlf tlẢy jụm tčkd alùkd alốp vốe jụm tčkd mỤg `ửe

kluẪk trƳốm tluẶ. @ú deậe ėeệu ėý mý tlọ mlf `ã if teệk tluẶ tlu klẪp ifgkl kdleỄp
]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




79

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

ple kp trfkd > kčj >379 vã >372 `ã >>% sf vốe tỒkd `e kluk if quy kl mg
plỗp `ut.
`ut. Mỗm kj mỵk `ầe trfkd dege ėfầk mlễ plậe ml
mlều
ều jụm tluẶ
tluẶ >3%.
@ửe kluẪk mỤg mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj mlỤ yẶu tỡ lfầt ėổkd sậk
xuẢt aekl ifgkl mỢ tlọ `ã sậk xuẢt, deg mùkd tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd, tƳ vẢk mùkd tlm
tlum53%,
vó tmlvk
tlet s
n tek
y t.`e
@ekluk
kluktlutm
mỗm lft

kd
mlej
lk
mý mukd
mlg kd
k 73%
t mỗm
lftkóy
kd
alỗmte
vờ
i ėẤu tƳ nẢt ėổkd sậk lgy mlf tluï jẴt nặkd...
]gu ale plợk tờml v Nkd mợk e a tfỗk vó Nỗf mỗf at qu aekl ifgkl
trfkd dege fk >37> >378 tg mý tlọ tlẢy tàkl làkl sậk xuẢt mỤg Jbiestgr mý kleệu
sỷ neẶk ėổkd jgkd têkl têml mỷm? tčkd vỗk ėeệu `Ễ, tčkd quy jù ėẤu tƳ, klgkl mlýkd
tlu ėƳửm `ửe kluẪk vã jỖ rổkd sậk xuẢt. Xốe jụm tčkd trƳỖkd jầkl jẺ klƳ vẪy tlà
mlẦm mlẦk mùkd ty s mỵk mý klkd nm tek `k trfkd tkd `ge.

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




72

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

MLKD >? YLM Y^ảKD XÃ XEỈM WRẮK @Ú LFảY ēỜKD ēẨR
YƦ SLÇY Y^EỎK MỨG MÙKD YU YKLL JBIE]YG^ XEỈY KGJ
>.7 Ylỷm trầkd lfầt kd u t plỗt trek mg Jbiestgr Xet Kgj
Kgj
>.7.7 ēẴm ėeọj vệ kduờk vỗk mỤg mùkd ty
 KlƳ Ỗ plẤk 7 sgu ale tlbf iũe Nkd mợk e a tfỗk vó Nỗf mỗf at qu lft
kd aekl ifgkl trfkd dege ėfầk >379 ” >378 tg ėí leọu ėƳửm plẤk kãf vệ tàkl làkl
aekl ifgkl mỤg mùkd ty. YlẶ klƳkd, jổt mùkd ty mý ifgkl tlu, tãe sậk, kduờk vỗk
mgf mlƳg mlẦm ėí tỗt. ēọ alẽkd ėềkl rị lƧk vệ alậ kčkd tãe mlêkl mỤg mùkd ty mlÿkd
tg mẤk xbj xåt rò lƧk ėẴm ėeọj vệ kduờk vỗk.
 Làkl >.> Wuy jù kduờk
kduờk vỗk mleg tlbf sỖ
sỖ lỦu vã ttêkl
êkl mlẢt dege
dege ėfầk >37> ” >378 
>378 
(ėƧk về? treỄu ėờkd)

Wuy jù Kduờk vỗk mleg tlbf sỖ lỦu vã têkl
tê kl mlẢt dege ėfầk >37>
- >378

793333
7>3333
733333
<3333
44535

83333

93333
>3333
3

<>54>

<7>>2

4488=
29>23
==23
>37>

777=2
>3 7 =

>=58<

=3<84

978<9

> 37 9

> 37 2

>378

Xỗk mlỤ sỖ lỦu

Xỗk vgy

 Klàk vãf làkl
làkl vẺ trïk tg mý tlọ tlẢy
tlẢy rặkd, quy jù
jù kduờk vỗk
vỗk mỤg mùkd ty
ty ėệu
tčkd qug mỗm kj, m tl jm tkd trkd mg tkd kj >37=, >379, >372, >378,
`Ấk `Ƴửt alfậkd 29%, 72%, 7>% vã <% sf vốe kčj `eệk trƳốm ký. Wuy jù vỗk tčkd
trƳỖkd jầkl jẺ vãf kčj >37= tốe lƧk 23% `ã if kj >37> mựkd ty n vk xợy
ikd kló jỗy s 7 vó kj >37= g kló jỗy s 7 ėe vãf lfầt ėổkd vã teẶp tỢm nỆ
vỗk xỵy iỷkd kló jỗy s >. Mỗm kj sgu ý jm tkd deậj iẤk mlễ rƧe vãf alfậkd
trïk iƳốe 73%. Jụm tčkd kóy m i nỗf s mgf tr `e vóf kj >374 if a lfml
xợy ikd kló jỗy s =.

]XYL. Slj Ylề @gk Gkl




78

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

Yl lek trùk mfk sỗ `ã klỦkd neẶk ėổkd `ốk vệ jẴt tãe mlêkl, tlẶ klỦkd mý

tlọ tlẢy sỷ tlgy ėỒe kãy `ã lfók tfók t kleùk vó mý tl i nỗf m tlbf s plỗt
trek mg mựkd ty. Yl klkd, ý je mlễ `ã sỷ neẶk ėổkd mỤg tỒkd kduờk vỗk, vẪy
tlà klỦkd neẶk ėổkd trfkd mƧ mẢu kduờk vỗk klƳ tlẶ kãf6
 Làkl >.= MƧ mẢu kduờk
kduờk vỗk mleg
mleg tlbf sỖ llỦu
Ủu vã têkl mlẢt dege
dege ėfầk >3
>37>
7> ” >378
(ėƧk về? %)

MƧ mẢu kduờk vỗk mleg tlbf sỖ lỦu vã t êkl mlẢt >37> >378
Xỗk mlỤ sỖ lỦu

59

8
>37>

Xỗk vgy

48

4=

88

>9

>4

=9

>379

>372

>378

<4

7=
>37=

MƧ mẢu kduờk vỗk mleg tlbf sỖ lỦu vốe tỴ trỊkd plẤk `ốk `ã vỗk vgy. \åt
trfkd kčj >37>, mlễ mý 8% `ã vỗk ml s lu, mỵk `e `ó e vgy. Kduk vgy ml yu
`ó ióe lk iừkd xợy ikd kló jỗy vó jug sj jỗy jým tlet n. Mfk s kóy tlt
ỗkd nỗf kd ne ku aekl ifgkl alựkd mý `ớe, mựkd ty s plỗ sk kdgy `p tm v
alựkd mý alậ kčkd trậ kử.
 KlƳkd tlẪt jgy jẦk `ã tỴ trỊkd mỤg vỗk mlỤ sỖ lỦu trfkd mƧ mẢu kduờk vỗk
tčkd ik qug mỗm kj. k kj >378 mựkd ty ớ mý tốe =9% `ã vỗk mlỤ sỖ lỦu
trfkd tỒkd quy jự. eu ý plk ỗkl s plỗt trek mg mựkd ty? aekl ifgkl mý `íe vã
ėgkd iẤk trậ kử. Iỷ nỗf ku mựkd ty tkd trkd jt mỗml k kl trfkd tle degk
te tl mfk s kóy mỵk tep tm tčkd jầkl.
Jổt tàkl làkl tãe mlêkl vỦkd mlẦm mlêkl `ã teệk ėệ deÿp mùkd ty mý alậ kčkd
ėẤu tƳ vãf mỗm kduk `m alỗm kl klợk `m, jỗy jým tlet n kló xkd, lft
kd jgrabtekd, plỗt trek alfg lm mựkd kdltf kej tek mlf e tỗm vó mý v
tl lk trïk tlề trƳỚkd.

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




74

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

>.7.> u t plỗt trek te Jbiestgr plợk tlbf ke iukd
Yrm lt mlkd tg mk leu rkd, u t kýe jt mỗml kựj kg `ã sỪ iỢkd
kduờk `ỷm Ỗ leỄk tầe vốe le vỊkd ėbj `ầe `ửe kluẪk trfkd tƳƧkd `ge. Xã ėẤu t plỗt
trek `ó jt plợk klỗkl kl trfkd lft kd u t kýe mlukd.
t plỗt
ifgkl
lft
kd
mừkd
mỗm
kduk u
`m alỗm
trfkdtrek
lektrfkd
te klj
iuykdlep
tr s `ó

lft
kd
vó s
`ójikd
tkdvk
tlùj
tóe sk
je mlf ifgkl kdlep, tf tlùj vem `ój, plỗt trek kduk klợk `m, kợkd mgf e
skd mỗm tlókl veùk trfkd k v. (Yrờml Deỗf trkl Aekl t u tƳ, K\N ēầe lỊm
 Aekl tẶ quỗm
quỗm iỵk, >37>)
>37>)
Xã mťkd tlbf ý, lft kd u t plỗt trek trfkd ifgkl kdlep plỵk tlbf
kổe iukd ngf dờj?





ēẤu tƳ xỵy iỷkd mƧ nậk tầf tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl (Y]Mē)
ēẤu tƳ nỒ sukd lãkd tk tr
u t plỗt trek kduk klợk `m
u t kdleùk mu, trek alge mỗm lft kd alfg lm vó mựkd kdlỄ



ēẤu tƳ mlf jgrabtekd
Ửkd iỢkd `ú tluyẶt ėý vãf veỄm plợk tờml mỗm lft kd u t plỗt trek te
Jbiestgr, mý tl tly mựkd ty rt ml trkd k mỗm lft kd u t plỗt trek.
Nkd >.= u

u t plỗt
plỗt treọk tầe
tầe Jbiest
Jbiestgr
gr plỵk ttlbf
lbf kổe iukd 
iukd 
(ėƧk về? tỴ ėờkd)
]Y
Y

Kổe iukd

>37>

7

ēẤu tƳ tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl

>

ēẤu tƳ lãkd tờk trỦ

=

ēẤu t plỗt trek kduk klợk
>,=2
`m

9

u t plỗt trek AL-MK

2

u t mlf
Jgrabtekd

8

YỒkd sỗ

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl

lfầt

ėổkd

>37=

>379

>372

>378

22,5> 2=,<5

9,4

4,5<

9,44

7>,>2 73,9<

>8,=9 >>,72

>2,<5

9,<4

2,34

<,72

4,>7

7,7>

9,82

2,9<

4,29

8,4<

7,>=

>,92

=,82

2,4<

9,<4

4>,<4 48,=9 92,>9 27,8
95,2>
(Kduk? Y tờkl tfỗk mg tỗm de)




7<

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

Klk vóf nkd tlỗkd aï Ỗ trïk, kduờk vỗk ėẤu tƳ mlỤ yẶu vãf lãkd tờk trỦ,
tụm `ã kduyïk vẪt `eỄu ėẤu, tlãkl plấj, sậk plấj iỖ igkd…Yuy kleïk, trfkd > kčj
>37> vã >37= sỗ vỗk ėẤu tƳ tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl mgf nẢt tlƳỚkd ( trïk 23 tỴ jỔe kčj).
ēý `ã if mựkd ty tlm lek xợy ikd vó jug sj jỗy jým tleẶt nề? kčj >37> nỆ
vỗk ėẤu tƳ xỵy iỷkd kló jỗy s 7, kj >37= n vk u t xợy ikd kló jỗy s
>. ]gu > kj ý, `kd vỗk ėẤu tƳ vãf tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl deậj ėe xukd ml mỵk dk 2
t je kj.

Nkd >.9 M mu u t plỗt ttrek
rek tlbf ke iukd mg Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr Xet Kgj
Kgj
(ėƧk về? %)
]Y
Y

Kổe iukd

>37>

>37=

>379

>372

>378

7

ēẤu tƳ tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl

48,49

43,25

73,=5

72,94

5,8=

>

ēẤu tƳ lókd tk tr

78,<7

7=,4=

2<,>>

9>,5=

2>,><

=

u t plỗt trek kduk klợk
=,>>
`m

8,=<

77,>7

72,45

79,28

9

u t plỗt treọk AL-MK

7,29

8,35

7>,77

79,87

7=,85

2

ēẤu tƳ mlf
Jgrabtekd

7,85

=,>7

<,34

77,>3

5,<=

8

YỒkd sỗ

733,33

733,3
3

733,3
3

733,33 733,33

lfầt

ėổkd

 Klàkvỗk
vãftlgy
nậkdėỒetrïk
tlẢy ròvãlƧk
tỴ trỊkd
kduờk
vỗk ėẤu tƳ. YỴ trỊkd
jỔe kduờk
tlẢtėọtlƳỚkd
alùkd
mý xujỔe

lƳốkd
rò rãkd.
ēọ klàk klẪk rò lƧk vệ mƧ mẢu ėẤu tƳ mle mlf jỔe kổe iukd, tg xbj xåt mƧ 
mẢu ėẤu tƳ trfkd kčj >378 ” kčj dẤk klẢt. MỢ tlọ tlẢy ėẤu tƳ mlf lãkd tờk trỦ
mleẶj tỴ trỊkd mgf klẢt. YeẶp ėý `ã mlf kduờk klợk `m vó plỗt trek AL MK mý t
trkd tƳƧkd ėỗe nặkd klgu alfậkd 79% vã muỗe mõkd `ã ėẤu tƳ mlf Y]Mē vã
Jgrabtekd tỴ trỊkd alfậkd 73%.
JỔe kổe iukd mg u t plỗt trek `e bj k ỳ kdlg alỗm klgu mlf s
plỗt trek mg mựkd ty. `ãj rị ėeệu ėý, mlÿkd tg sẺ ėe plỵk têml mỢ tlọ tỡkd kổe
iukd ėọ mý tlọ leọu rò lƧk ú kdlĥg jã tỡkd lfầt ėổkd ėẤu tƳ ėbj `ầe.
>.7.>.7 ēẤu tƳ tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




75

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

@ó jt ifgkl kdleỄp sậk xuẢt vã deg mùkd tlỷm plấj mlụm kčkd. ēọ ėụkd
vỦkd trïk tlề trƳỚkd, Jbiestgr mẤk mý alậ kčkd mầkl trgkl vệ kleệu jẴt? kduyïk
`eỄu ėẤu vãf tỗt, aỵ tluẪt, iỵy mluyệk mùkd kdlỄ aỵ tluẪt mgf, `gf ėổkd mý trkl
...
Yrfkd

s ý,
yu ttrgkl
qugkmt
trkd
lk ltkl
mlờkl
jỗy jým
vó trgkd
tlettrek
n.
ý mlờkl
`ó yu
t mkl
`ũe quyt
jt`óifgkl
kdlep
mý plỗt
m nk vkd lgy alựkd. Kợkd mgf kkd `m mkl trgkl mựkd kdl mlờkl `ó mỗml
tt klt de vỦkd về tlẶ mỤg jàkl trïk tlề trƳỚkd. YlẶ klƳkd, sỗ teệk iõkd ėọ ėẤu
tƳ xỵy iỷkd klã xƳỖkd vã jug sj jỗy jým tlet n alựkd l kl.
Nkd >.2 Mle ėẤu tƳ tãe sậk mỗ ėềkl mùkd ty YKLL J
Jbiestgr
biestgr XeỄt
XeỄt Kgj >37>
>37> ” >379
(ėƧk về? tỴ ėờkd)
]Y
Y

Mlễ teïu

>37>

>37=

>379

>372

>378

7

ēẤu
tƳ jug
jỗy jým
tletsj,
n sg mlg >8,92

>4,29

>,<4

9,29

>,7>

>

u t xợy ikd, kợkd mp

><,=>
kló xkd

>2,9<

7,72

>,>=

7,45

=

u t tóe sk m kl alỗm 7,72

3,<4

3,8<

7,>7

3,<8

9

Ykd

2=,<5

9,4

22,5>

4,5<
9,44
(Slỵkd A tfỗk )

Mùkd ty YKLL Jbiestgr ėƳửm tlãkl `Ẫp vãf kčj >377, tl klkd ngk u
je
ml mukd
imlvóvjug
t vk
tlum.
>37>,vóf
jenkd
n vk
uaùt
xợy ikd
kló mp
xkd
sjnóf
jỗyml
jým
trgkdk
tletkj
n. Klk
tlkd
trùk, tg tlẢy rặkd kčj >37> mùkd ty ėí nỆ lƧk 23 t kd u t xợy ikd kló
jỗy vó jug sj jỗy jým trgkd tlet n. k kj >37= tl kló jỗy u teùk mlờkl
tlm e vóf lft kd ėƳửm ėẴt tầe Alu mùkd kdleỄp Wugkd Jekl (Lã Kổe).

ēẶk muỗe kčj >37=, teẶp tỢm nỆ vỗk ėẤu tƳ xỵy ikd kló jỗy s > vó k
9/>372 kló jỗy s > mlêkl tlụm ėe vãf lfầt ėổkd. Wuy jù > kló jỗy `ùk k dk
2333 j>ve tkd s vk u tƳ trïk 733 tỴ ėờkd. ]gu > kčj >37= vã >379 nỆ vỗk
ėẤu tƳ tlà ėẶk dege ėfầk sgu >379 ” >378 sỗ teệk ėẤu tƳ xỵy iỷkd, kỵkd mẢp kló
xkd vó jug sj, sg mlg jỗy jým tlet n dej xukd vó tkd dej alựkd mý
jt xu lkd xỗm ėềkl kãf.

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




>3

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

] tek u tƳ mý vằ klễkl lƧk vãf kčj >372 mý `Ẻ `ó if vem vk lókl kló
jỗy s >. Kló jỗy sỗ > mý ieỄk têml trïk >333 j >, mluyïk sậk xuẢt veïk kgkd jệj
ėƳửm mluyọk degf mùkd kdlỄ tỡ Lók Wum.
Slợk tờml m mu mỗm ml teùu vóf kčj >378, tg tlẢy rặkd, tỴ trỊkd ėẤu tƳ mlf
jug
sỪgiỷkd,
mlỦg jỗy
tletxkd
n `ó mgf
temp

alfkd
99%, a
tepkj
ý
`ó usj,
t xợy
kợkdjým
mp kló
(mlklt
yumlej
`ó kợkd
kló xkd
trfkd
>378). Mỵk `e je `ó u t mlf mỗm Y]M alỗm.
]gu ale g m > kló jỗy vóf lft kd, quy jự sậk xuẢt mỤg Jbiestgr ėí
tčkd `ïk 2333j>. Mõkd vốe ėý `ó jỗy jým tlet n lek e m u t mý mlk `m
vó tờkl tfỗk. eu ý ớ dýp plk dp Jbiestgr kỵkd mgf kčkd `ỷm mầkl trgkl, mý
alậ kčkd ỗp kd m teùu mluk sk xut mg kleu k lãkd trfkd vã kdfãe
kƳốm.
>.7.>.> ēẤu tƳ lãkd tờk trỦ
 KlƳ ėí plỵk têml Ỗ trïk, lãkd tờk trỦ mlêkl `ã kổe iukd ėƳửm ėẤu tƳ kleệu
klẢt.
‐Lãkd tờk trỦ mỤg ifgkl kdleỄp `ó tfók n kduyùk vt `eu, nỗk tlókl
plj, mle tet,
tet, plỢ tõkd, sậk plấj lfãk tlãkl
tlãkl ėƳửm tờk trỦ trfkd ifgkl kdl
kdleỄp‚
eỄp‚ ” 
(Ylbf SD]. Y]. Yỡ Wugkd SlƳƧkd vã SD].Y] Slj Xk Lừkd, Deỗf trkl Aekl t
u t, K\N e lỊm Aekl tẶ quỗm iỵk, >37>, trgkd 9><)

ēẤu tƳ lãkd tờk trỦ mťkd mlêkl `ã ėẤu tƳ mlf sỷ sỗkd mg quỗ trkl sk xut,
mlf s tkd `e kluk mg ifgkl kdlep. Xem tek lókl mỗm lft kd jug nỗk
lókd tờk trỦ lửp `ú sẺ deÿp mlf ifgkl kdleỄp teẶt aeỄj mle plê vã ėẤu tƳ mý leỄu quậ
lƧk.
Lãkd tờk trỦ mỤg mùkd ty `ã Mgkxe Kgkf KM ” 27<, jbk ve sekl, bkzyjb
mlm kkd, gmei gjek, alfỗkd lu m ve `Ƴửkd, mgf iƳửm `eỄu…. tlƳỚkd ėƳửm mùkd
ty tlu dfj te mỗm mựkd ty lfm mỗm mỗ tl sk xut. ēỗe vốe mùkd ty tlà sẺ tlỷm leỄk
aú aẶt lửp kd `ój e `ỳ. Mỵk e ve mỗ tl klƳ lổ deg ėàkl tlà sẺ tlu jug
trỷm teẶp. KlƳkd iõ `ã jug Ỗ ėỵu lfẴm nặkd làkl tlụm kãf tlà tõy vãf ėẴm tlõ mỤg
jỔe kduyïk `eỄu vã Ƴu ớe mg plờg nùk kde nỗk, mựkd ty s mlk tlỚe ėeọj jug
vã sỗ `Ƴửkd jug tlêml lửp klặj teẶt aeỄj tỗe ėg mle plê vẪk mluyọk, nậf quậk..
ēẤu tƳ lókd tk tr mlờkl `ó alợu u teùk trfkd quỗ tràkl sậk xuẢt mỤg mùkd
ty. MỢ tlọ lƧk, sỗ vỗk u t mlf vem jug nỗk mỗm kduyùk vt `eu plỢm vỢ sậk
xuẢt `ã?
 Nậkd >.8 Mlễ teïu ėẤu
ėẤu tƳ lãk
lãkdd tờk trỦ Jbiestgr
Jbiestgr XeỄt Kgj >37>
>37> ” >378 
>378 
]YY Mlễ teïu

ēƧk về

>37>

7

YỴ ė ờ k d

7>,>2 73,9< >8,=9 >>,72 >2,<4

ēY lãkd tờk trỦ

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl

>37=

>379

>372

>378




>7

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

>

@kd tkd tuyt ėỗe

YỴ ė ờ k d

=

YỴ trỊkd trfkd tỒkd vỗk
%
ėẤu tƳ

-

-7,44

7 2 ,< 8 - 9 ,7 5

= ,4 >

78,<7 7=,4= 2<,>> 9>,5= 2>,>9

(Kduk? Y tờkl tfỗk mg tỗm de)
Y trkd vỗk ėẤu tƳ vãf lãkd tờk trỦ ifgkl kdleỄp ngf deỚ mťkd `ã `ốk klẢt.
 Kčj >37> vã
vã >37= sỗ vỗk mlễ mleẶj alfậkd
alfậkd 72% ėý `ã if mùkd ty nỆ vk xợy ikd
ikd
kló jỗy kùk t trkd
trkd mg lókd tk trỦ trf
trfkd
kd tỒkd vỗk tlẢp.
tlẢp. ]gkd ėẶk dege
dege ėfầk
>379 ” >378, sẺ tlẢy rò lƧk tỴ trỊkd tlỷm mỤg ký? kčj >379 mleẶj tốe dẤk 83% vốe

sỗ vỗk `ïk tốe lk >8 t kd. Mỗm kj tep sgu tuy mý suy deậj jổt mlÿt klƳkd tỴ
trỊkd vạk Ỗ jụm trïk ie 23%.
>.7.>.= u t plỗt trek klợk `m
Klợk `m mlờkl `ó kỵkd mt mlf s plỗt trek nk vkd mg mùkd ty. Mlêkl và
vẪy, veỄm ėẤu tƳ mlf klỵk `ỷm mk m qugk tợj jt mỗml kd jm vó sợu sẦm.
XẪy Jbiestgr ėí ėẤu tƳ mlf ėổe kdť klỵk `ỷm mg jkl kl tl kóf6
Nkd >.4 u
u t mlf plỗt tre
treọk
ọk kduờk klỵk
klỵk `ỷm
(ėƧk về? tỴ ėờkd)
]YY Mlễ tẹu

>37>

>37=

>379

>372

>378

7

ēY ėãf tầf aeẶk tlụm, aỵ
7, >7
kčkd

> ,2 9

>, 7=

=,5<

= ,7 =

>

ēY mlčj sým kỵkd mgf sụm
3, 4>
alỆb

3 ,< <

7, 92

7,<5

> ,7

=

ēY mậe tleỄk jùe trƳỚkd
3, 9>
`ãj veỄm

7 ,9 2

7, 95

>,><

7 ,5 <

9

Ykd s

9,<4

2,34

<,72
4,>7
(Slỵkd A tfỗk)

>,=2

Yrùk ợy `ó nkd s `eu jó mựkd ty iókl rg mle mlf u t plỗt trek
kduk klợk `m. Slỗt trek kduk klợk `m ngf dj klỦkd veỄm `ãj mlêkl sgu? ėãf
tầf aeẶk tlụm aỵ kčkd, kỵkd mgf sụm alỆb, ėỚe sỗkd tekl tlẤk vã mậe tleỄk jùe
trƳỚkd `ãj veỄm.
 Klàk mlukd, sỗ teệk ėẤu tƳ vãf plỗt trek kduk klợk `m u tkd je kj
ve
tm
tkd trukd
tlọ kčj
>378trfkd

mý tỗm
ėổ tčkd
`Ấk `Ƴửt
alfậkd
734%,nàkl
9%,93%,
83%,mỢ
-7>%.
Deậe>37=,
tlêml >379,
sỷ tčkd>372,
ėổt neẶk
alfậkd
tỡ
]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




>>

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

kj >37> k >37= vã kčj >379 ėẶk >372 nặkd veỄm Jbiestgr ėƳg kló jỗy s 7 vó
s > e vóf lft kd if ėý veỄm ėẤu tƳ kduờk klỵk `ỷm ėí tčkd `ùk klgkl mlýkd
klj jm ờml vk lókl kló jỗy. Kj >378 sỗ teệk ėẤu tƳ deậj klẵ mý `Ẻ `ã if

veỄm ėẤu tƳ ėí ėẶk ‐kdƳủkd‚ lfẴm mẤk mẦt deậj kduk mle tp trukd tóe mlờkl vóf
mỗm a lfml alỗm.
Klkd mlf iừ `ó vy tl mlkd tg vk mý tl tly s tỗm kd `k mg u t
plỗt trek
trek ėẶk mƧ mẢu
mẢu `gf ėổk
ėổkdd plỵk tl
tlbf
bf tràkl ėổ mỤg mùkd ty. MỢ tlọ klƳ
klƳ sgu?
 Làkl >.9 MƧ mẢu `gf ėổkd plỵ
plỵkk tlbf tràkl
tràkl ėổ mỤg Jbiestgr dege ėfầk >37> ” >378 
>378 
(ėƧk về? %)

MƧ mẢu `gf ėổkd plỵk tlbf trà kl ėổ >37> - >378
YLSY lfẴm YLM]
ēầee lỊm vã trïk ėầe lỊm
ēầ
>3.22
9=.<9

=2.8>
>37>

78.<2

72.>9

=5.==

95.2>

9=.<>
>37=

Mgf ėẽkd vã Yrukd mẢp

=2.>9
>379

=7.>

><.=8

99

28.4>

>9.<

79.5=
>378

>372

\u lƳốkd mlukd trfkd mậ dege ėfầk ėý mlêkl `ã deậj tỴ trỊkd mỤg `gf ėổkd
mý tràkl ėổ tlẢp vã tčkd tỴ trỊkd mỤg `gf ėổkd mý tràkl ėổ mgf. MỢ tlọ `ã tỴ trỊkd `gf
ėổkd mý tràkl ėổ Yrukd lỊm deậj >7%, tràkl ėổ Mgf ėẽkd vã Yrukd mẢp tčkd 7=%,

tràkl ėổ ēầe lỊm vã trïk ėầe lỊm tčkd <%. XeỄm tčkd `Ƴửkd `gf ėổkd tre tlụm mgf
mlêkl `ã veỄm ėẤu tƳ ėÿkd ėẦk dep mựkd ty mý al kkd plỗt trek trfkd tle aỽ mầkl
trgkl mgf klƳ leỄk kgy.
Yrfkd tỒkd vỗk ėẤu tƳ mlf plỗt trek klợk `m mý tl tly Jbiestgr ml trỊkd
vãf veỄm ėãf tầf aeẶk tlụm, aỵ kčkd if tỴ trỊkd vỗk ėẤu tƳ vãf ký `uùk mleẶj tỴ
trỊkd mgf tỡ 9> ” 2=% trfkd mậ dege ėfầk. MỢ tlọ lƧk, mùkd ty mý klỦkd nuỒe ėãf
tầf kổe nổ ėềkl aỽ ėƳửm tỒ mlụm klặj trgu iờe klỦkd aỵ kčkd mẤk mý mlf tfãk tlọ
klỵk vẹk klƳ aeẶk tlụm vệ sậk plấj, vệ vỄ sekl, gk tfãk `gf ėổkd, vệ mỗm plkd
lkd aekl ifgkl....ợy mlờkl `ó ke dep je kde mleg sằ ėƳửm klỦkd aekl
kdleỄj, `ờkd dlåp klỦkd `ú tluyẶt vã vê iỢ trfkd tlỷm tẶ. JỔe kdƳỚe tlgj deg ėệu

]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl




>=

Nỗf mỗf tlm tp tkd
tkd lp
Yuk

Yl]. Kduyk Iuy

klk `e m mlf jàkl klỦkd ėeệu `ú tlÿ vã nỒ êml deÿp lỔ trử trfkd mùkd veỄm vã
dẦk aẶt jỊe kdƳỚe vốe klgu lk.
Kdfóe rg, mựkd ty mỵk j klkd `p óf tầf nờe iƳủkd aeẶk tlụm mluyïk
jùk vã aỵ kčkd kdleỄp v mlf klợk veùk kỵkd mt if mluyùk deg km kdfóe dekd
iy. kd
tletlm

m klkd
mỗkne
u je
t rgtkm
v iợy
plj,
plkd
sk xut
iuy,kdfóe
kljlm
tkdtpkkd
`m mluyk
sk xutsk
vó
mkl trgkl ve mỗm ifgkl kdlep alỗm.
Yuy rkd aek tlm, a kčkd `ãj veỄm `ã mẤk tleẶt, tlẶ klƳkd sụm alỆb vã jùe
trƳỚkd `ãj veỄm mťkd alùkd nề nỆ qug. ]ỗ teệk mle mlf mlčj sým kỵkd mgf sụm alỆb
kdãy mãkd tčkd. Kčj >37> mlễ ėƳửm mle 4>3 treỄu ėờkd tlà ėẶk kčj >378 mfk sỗ kãy
ėí `ïk ėẶk lƧk > tỴ. ēeệu ėý mťkd xậy rg tƳƧkd tỷ vốe veỄm mậe tleỄk ėeệu aeỄk jùe
trƳỚkd `ãj veỄm. MỢ tlọ lƧk `ã?
Xệ sụm alỆb, Jbiestgr mlčj `f sụm alỆb tốe tỡkd klợk veùk trfkd mựkd ty.
Ne ý mlờkl `ó trỗml klej, `ã veỄm `ãj tleẶt tlỷm mý ú kdlĥg vốe kdƳỚe `gf ėổkd.
Mùkd ty ėí plỗe lửp vốe NỄkl veỄk ėg alfg Slm Uùk t mlm alỗj sm alb tfók
iek kl
jeakj
`kklkd
mlf tfók
tlmựkd
mỗk ty
n aej

mựkd trg
klợk
sm
alb
tfók a
kl
kóy jt
alựkd
dep
tklveùk.
lklXem
sm alỗj
alb mg
je kde jó mỵk tf kd `m, kej tek ve klkd kde `gf ėổkd, dp jỊe kdƳỚe
gk tỵj `ãj veỄm.
Xệ lfầt ėổkd včk lýg tlọ iỢm tlọ tlgf, Jbiestgr `uùk `ã ėƧk về teùk plfkd
mlf mỗm plfkd tróf. Mựkd ty tlkd xuyùk t mlm mỗm lft kd vue mle, vk lýg
vk kdl mlóf jỡkd kdãy `Ể `Ƨk klƳ Kdãy tfãk dẪy, Kdãy SlỢ kỦ XeỄt Kgj,
MlƳƧkd tràkl vue mlƧe kdãy lì trfkd kổe nổ mùkd ty. ēẴm neỄt, tỒ mlụm mlf ėfãk
tlgkl keïk tlgj deg degf `u tl tlgf ve mỗm k v alỗm. ý mlờkl `ó m le mỗm
gkl ml bj tlƳ dk sgu klỦkd kdãy `gf ėổkd vẢt vậ, rìk `uyỄk sụm alỆb mťkd klƳ
kỵkd mgf ėỚe sỗkd tekl tlẤk. ēỵy mťkd mlêkl `ã tùk mlễ jã nẢy `ỵu Jbiestgr vạk
`uùk jfkd juỗk tlỷm leỄk.
Xệ albk tlƳỖkd, mùkd ty `uùk mý klkd plk tlkd xkd ỗkd mlf nt m
ge lfók tlãkl tỗt kleỄj vỢ lgy mý ú aeẶk ėýkd dýp jgkd tờkl xợy ikd mgf. Lókd
tlỗkd, u t mlm @ albk tlƳỖkd mlf klỵk vẹk xuẢt sẦm. ēỵy `ã jổt lfầt ėổkd mý
ú kdlĥg sỵu sẦm dp tầf ėổkd `ỷm plẢk ėẢu mlf klỵk vẹk mťkd klƳ vekl igkl
klỦkd mỗkd lek mg mựkd klợk veùk mlf Jbiestgr.
>.7.>.9 u t plỗt treọk Alfg lỊm ” Mùkd kdlỄ
 KlƳ mlÿkd tg ėệu neẶt, u t plỗt trek Alfg lm Mựkd kdl mlf mựkd ty

mlờkl `ó klợk t dep mựkd ty plỗt trek tlbf mleệu sỵu. MỢ tlọ `ã, ký dp tčkd kčkd
suẢt sậk plấj jã alùkd mẤk tčkd vỗk lgy `gf ėổkd. Yl kùk, vem ml trkd u t
mlf plỗt trek AL ” MK `ã vù mõkd mẤk tleẶt vã qugk trỊkd kẶu juỗk mùkd ty tčkd
trƳỖkd nệk vỦkd vã mý alậ kčkd mầkl trgkl trïk tlề trƳỚkd.
 Nậkd >.< Mlễ
Mlễ teïu ėẤu
ėẤu plỗt ttrek
rek Alfg lm
lm Mựkd kdl mg Jbiestgr >37> ” >378 
>378 
]XYL. Slầj Ylề @gk Gkl