Mối tương quan giữa các chính sách kinh tế vĩ mô và công cụ kế hoạch hóa

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<small>1IOOO0000000lldunmm IC8IJ\JGj'Vad@"'''''vn&l!1"-:5..</small>

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Sg ra dm, t6n t~ ho~t dQng Hi mQt chinh the toan Vyn. VI v~y,

nang cua mlnh d6i vm hi~n thl;Tc nhau.

ma, tro~g thl;Tct~, co nhi~u Nha. ngan h~ nhu: th6ng qua vi~c tacn~ac da ~6ng ~anh c~ng trol!-g <i>d6ng vao lam thay d6i m(cc cung</i>

VI7c thl;Tc!ll~n, Val/~ro ki~ t€, cua ti~n (MS) ho~c lai suift (i)

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chinh

h Nh<small>'G</small>

hinh <small>/</small>

h t^,.

<small>/ .d6</small>

di<small>A</small> ."t ,,' kinh <i>t^it</i> <small>d</small>A sac a nuvc - c sac al

" _kinh "b

<small>dUU VI, mQI qua tn, cac quan</small> nh -' <small>A~</small> d<small>K:</small> hi<small>A/</small> <i>k<small>if:</small></i> h h

M kinh t€ cua cac tac nhan kinh ung Ca.u vI yn co - c o~C

khac nhau. Tuy nhi~n,.d~ tuqng.

HQc vi~n Chinh trj quac gia Ho

~c dli hi~n nay van connhieu quan diem khac

<small>~</small>

nhau v~ ngu6n g6c, ban

eMtkinh t€

- xa h6i cua k€ hoach

hoan~n kinh t€ qu6c dan, clingnhucua chinh sach kinh t€ vm tucachla nhiing c6ng C\l di~u ti~t

trongn~n kinh t~ thi tnrang,nhungtift ca deu th6ng nhift vm

<small>nhau6 cbb</small>

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chUng d~u la nhUng

ti€tn~n kinh t~, d~u huang tmnhiingm\lc ti~u kinh t€ C\l thenhAtdinh, d~u cling mc dQng l~ncaehi~n tuqng, cac qua trinh, cachanhvi, cac chu the -+ kinh t~ c\lth~trong hi~n thl;TC...Tuy nhi~n,~itachUng cling co nhieu diem

khacbi~t d~c trung (co the noi,d~ychfnh la diem gay n~n sl;T

kh6ngth6ng nhat trong quan

ni~ ve ngu6n g6c va ban chat

cuachUng). TVUtrung 1~, nhUngdi~md6ng nhat va khac bi~t cuachUngc6 the bao g6m nhiing nQi

<small>dungcl;!th~ sau:</small>

1.Diem tuang dong va khac

bi~tgiUa chfnh 8ach kinh t€ vimova k€ ho~ch hoa

<i>Nhftng dilm mung d{Jng</i>

C6 the n6i diem tuc:Jng d6ngxuAtpMt, bao trUnl va CO ban

111chung deu la nhUng chinh sach

lyvim6 d6i vm nen kinh t€, n~n:- Chung deu do Nha nuac

phaiphil hW vm h~ th6ng pMpl~t hi~n hanh va cac van ban

<i>dumlu~t la co sa pMp ly cho sl;T</i>

fadai va t6n t~ cua chUng.

- Chungphiiituan thu va dam

000nhUng m\lc ti~u, nhUng dinhhuangphat tri~n cua n~n kinh te

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<small>"Y1~ITIl ..fTTOJ I I'.rt:fT1l</small>

<i>Co th~ noi, did'm khac bi~t C(J</i>

<i>ban nMt va fa C(Jsa cua nhie'utranhdiihi~n nay,chinhfa</i>

<i>-xii h9i cua chung. N~u nhu chi</i>

di'rngl~ a quan ni~m tll1aCdaycho rang, k~ ho~ch hoa Ia sanphfunri~ngco cua cM nghia xii

hQi,cua cM dQ sa hihI c6ng cQngv~ tu li~u san xuilt; va cac chinhsach kiIili t~ chi Ia c6ng Cl;!di~uti~t vi m6 cua Nha nuac trong n~nkinh t~ tN tl11Ong,bilt 1c~do la

hihI nao... t:hl ro rang chUngkh6ng th~ d6ng nhilt vOi nhau.Tuy nhi~n, li~u quan di~m nayhi~n nay can hqp ly nua kh6ng?N~u di~u do Ia dung t:hlmQi muntoan nhfun k~t hqp cac h~ th6ngc6ng cl;! nay cua Nha nuac vOinhau se kh6ng th~ thanh c6ng

duQ'C,va k~ ho~ch hoa

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san phfunri~ng co cua chU nghia xii hQikh6ng duQ'Csinh ra trong mQtquatrlnh hqp 19,ma Ia wi tU tr~n trOixu6ng, va a nhUng qu6c gia phixii hQi chu nghia se kh6ng th~ coduQ'c c6ng Cl;!k~ ho~ch hoa...Hi~n nay, phan bac l~ quan ni~mtr~n co y ki~n cho rang, ca k~ho~ch va tN tl110ngd~u la hai m~td6i l~p nhau cua mQt qua trlnh

t1!phat dii duQ'c chu nghia tu bankhai thac tri~t d~, dfiy no l~n tOiHim cao kh6ng th~ WQ't qua duQ'ccua no nua, va nhu v~y; mQt miflt,

trong tuang quan vOi thi tl110ngnhu v~y n~n k~ ho~ch hoa trongcM nghia tu ban dUOngnhu chican l~i mQt bOng dang v6 clingnho nhoi, mong manh a nhUngk~hoach chat cM chinh xac cua cacdoimh nghi~p, a nhUng di~u ti~t

Chinh pM... N~u quan di~m nayla hqp ly till viln d~ can l~, chi laphai di tlm ki~m mQr-coch~ c6ngngh~ mOi thuc dfiy mifltk~ ho~chwan l~n ngang Him voi miflttN

chUng vOi nhau nhfun huang tOimQt hi~u qua kinh t~ - xii hQi t6iun nhilt.

Kh6ng chi v~y, k~ ho~ch hoanhu chUng ta dii bi~t, thuOng chila nhUng dinh huang chu quan

nhu nuac ta hi~n nay, t:hl k~hoa cac quan h~ cac san

<small>phfun,</small>

ho~ch hoa duQ'cth~ hi~n ra nhu la cac giao dich trong n~n kiOOt€.~Qt c6,ng Cl;!,quan l~ t~p trun~ <i>Thfr ba, phai diflt cac c6ng c~</i>

cua Chinh phu, bao trum l~n mQl cua chinh sach kinh t~ trong su1l~ V1!~,can chinh. ~acI: kinI: t~ v~n dQng va pMt tri~n cua n~ntill thuang, du~c hi~,u la ..Mung kinh t~ tN tl110ng co dinh huang.c6ng Cl;!chuc nang cua nhung bQ dinh huang xii h6i cM nghia. Day

tf1!c tI~p dieu hanh... m6t mat. . , vita dam bao cho s~

chuy~n d6i,

a

<small>nuac ta hi~n nay coiinh huangphl;! ti~u c1.!c ma cae</small>

KMc voi vi~c tf1!cti~p va chikinh t€ - xii hQi nhu: 6n

<small>d1nh,</small>

chuyen sir dl;!ng cac c6ng Cl;! c6ng bang, tang tll1ang la xu~tchinh sach kinh t~ theo ki~u hQc phat di~m, la dQng l1.!cd6ngthai

thuy~t kinh t€ cua J.M. Keynes va la muc dfch cu6i cling phiii hu6ngdii duQ'cilng dl;!ng

a nhi~unuac tutOi.Co nhu v~y,chungmOic6thi

ban chU nghia trong mQt khoang la nhUng c6ng cl;! trQng y€u cuathOi gian kha dai; khac voi m6 Nha nuac d~ dieu ti~t vi m6 n~n

th1.!c t€ nuac ta da trai qua tU hieu luc vao cac ho~t dQng, cae1986 tra v~ tll1aC, vi~c sir dl;!ng h~ Vi kinh t~ vi m6. Nhu

*

co cua k~ ho~ch hoa truy~nme vai tro cua cac don bay

kinh

<i>Th{( nhift</i>

,

k~ hoach hoa tU

.

chinh sach kinh t~ vi m6<small>,phro</small>

.

bao ham c~ hai qua trlnh d6, \ ,~6n, diflc bi~t la cac ngu6n v6n

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<small>nhan</small>r6i trong cac tiillg lap diln

ell,ngu6n ki~u h6i cua ki~u baonm5'cngoill, ngu6n vi~n tn! cuacae t6 chuc phi ChfOO phil

<small>(NGO)...</small>va sau do m& la ngu6n

vi~ntrq kh6ng chfOOthuc (ODA),ngu6ndilu tu tl1!c ti€p cua nuacngoai(FDI).

<i>VOi nhiing iJ!nh hmmg tren</i>

<i><small>chung t6i xin de' xuat mtJt so gidiphapc1;lthl sau:</small></i>

- Ciill sOm ban haOO OOiingquych€, thoa uac v~ ho~t dQng

cuaHQi d6ng tu van till chfOO

Khob~c, NHNN... giin no v& k€

ho~chhoa n~n kiOOt€ qu6c diln

d1i<i>duqc xac l~p a cac cUC1IlgliOO,</i>

chi€nluqc, cac k€ ho~ch, cacchuang triOO ml,lc ti~u, cac dt;ran...;nghia la phai giin v& ho~t

<i>dQngcua CCfquan xily dt;rng k€</i>

ho~chva ki6m tra giam sat tlOO

hi~ntming ch6ng cheo: trimg l~p,

<i>th~ chf can tra Un OOau, ma aph</i>

huangMn tlOOhIOOtht;rc hi~n k€

<small>ho~ch hoa.</small>

<i>- Can cu vao triOOdQ phat</i>

<small>tri~ncua n~n kiOO t€, triOO dQ cua</small>

bQmay quan ly di~u haw... ma

<i>sirdl)ng OOiingc6ng Cl,lcua chiOO</i>

saeh mQt cach phil hqp. Tuynhi~n,ciill h~ <i>cM Mn muc t6i</i>

da vi~c su dl,lng OOiing c6ng Cl,l

b~oMn cac ho~t dQng, cac quatrinhkiOOt€... vi no thuang gilyn6n OOUngtilc dQng Mu ct;rckh6ng000.

- D6i v& tUng chfOO sach kiOOt~Cl)th6, ciill d6i mm quan di6mv~vi~c su dl,lng chfOO sach clingnhucac c6ng Cl,lcua chfOO sach.Ching h~, phai coi chfOO sach

<i>taichiOOla mQt c6ng Cl,ldi~u ti€t</i>

<i>vi m6 d6i v& n~n kiOO t€, chu</i>

kh6ngchl thuiill tuy coi till chfOOla noi cap phat ma kh6ng h~chtoan,la noi dilu tu ma kh6ng t100d€nhi~u qua, la cai "Moo ngon"

<i>mam<;>ingu0i d~u co quy~n doi</i>

ehia phiill; phai d6i m& ho~tdQngthu ngiln sach sao cho cohi~uqua - truac Mt ciill phai lu~t

hoah~ th6ng thu€ va cai ti€n bQmaythu, quan ly thu€. Ho~c d6iv6'ichiOOsach ti~n t~, ciill thi€t va

gap rut d6i m& ho~t dQng cua h~th6ng ngiln hang theo huOOgnilngcao hi~u qua quan ly Nha nuaccua NHNN cac cap, nilng caohi~u qua kiOOdoOO cua h~ th6ngNHTM sao cho traOOduqc OOUngrili ro tMt thoat v6n thuang xay

<i>ra, dong vai tro tich ct;rctrong qua</i>

triOOthu hUt, t~p trung v6n chon~n kiOOt€ d6 thuc day dilu tuphat tri6n. HC1Ilnua, h~ th6ngngiln hang can phai la noi tl1!cti€p tht;rcthi chfOOsach ti~n t~ saocho co hi~u qua; vi v~y, ciill phaico mQt st;rph6i hqp d6ng bQ, mQth~ th6ng tMng tin dily du, 0000chOng, lqp thai... Do do, doi hoi

hoa c6ng ngh~, ky thu~t vanghi~p Vl,lngiln hang cling OOuciill phai sOm dao t~o va dao t~ol~ dQingli can bQngiln hang saocho phil hqp v& y~u cilu phattri6n ngay cang cao cua n~n kiOOt€.

- Dei cac chiOOsach kiOOt€cling thuang gily n~n OOUngtilcdQng phl,l ti~u ct;rc rat 100, n~ntrong qua triOOtht;rchi~n chungciillphai co OOiingm6 hIOOCl,lth6d6 ph6i hqp chUngv& OOauooarnd~t duqc OOUngml,lc ti~u cl,l th6xac diOO.Chfu1gh~, d6 d~t duqc

kiOO t€ thI tMng thuang, chfOOsach till chfOOduqc su dl,lng lagiam chi ti~u G cua ChfOOphilOOfunlam giam t6ng du AD, tuynhi~n, di~u do co th6 lam giamdilu tu va san luqng cua n~n kiOOt€; VIv~y, chfOOsach ti~n t~ duqc

su dl,lng ph6i hqp d6 6n<small>\</small>diOOn~n

<i>kiOOt€ co th6 la tang muc cung</i>

ti~n MS...

<i>Nhu v~y, co tM noi, m~c dii bi</i>

coi la san pharo cua kiOOt€ tN

chfOOsach kiOOt€ vi m6 cling conhi~u uu di6m va n€u OOubi€tcach su dl,lngchUng thI cling coth6 dem l~ OOUnghi~u qua mong

<i>kh6ng nhiing kh6ng mau thudn,ma con co thl dltt;1ccoi lit c6ngC1;ldac l1!cdl th1!c hi~n kt hO{lch</i>

<i>hoa ne'n kinh tl quoc dan, gopphan phat triin ne'n kinh tl theo</i>

<i>dinh hltOng dti ch{Jn..</i>

\

<i>(Tiep theo trang 16)</i>

th6ngtin, baocaothongnhattrangtoanb9h~thongNHTLf.

- BieuhanhITnhvvcvanphOng.- Bieu hanh khoi cac don vi trvcthu9Cph~cv~chohO'?td9ngcllaNHTLf.

MLidila, cong tac thanh tra, ki~msoat ngan hang

Thanhtra 113m9t trangnhOngch((cnangquantn;>ngclla quant~ dieuhanhNHTLftrang nen kinhte thj trucmg.VIv~y,hauhetcacnllC1C,T6ch((cthanhtradl1qcnamtrangb9 may<i>clla NHTLf- tn'!</i>

m9t so nl1C1Cthanhtra nganhangtrvcthu9CQuoch9i ho~cB9Taich[nh(ThaiLan), ho~c vCIatrvc thu9CNHTLfvCIatrl{cthu9CQuoch9i(CHLBB((c).

Dotfnhchatd~cdi~mcllahO'?td9ngthanhtra,ki~msoatnganhang,nenvi~cquantr! va dieuhanhno baogamcacc6ngvi~csau:

<i>- ThiJnhat.</i> ki~mtoan n9i b9, baogam ki~mtoann9i b9 NHTLfva ki~mtoann9ib9NHTM.

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<i><small>ThiJ hai,</small></i><small>thanh tra theo 2 phL10ng</small>

th((c:phL10ngth((cgiamsattlI xa vC1in9idunggam5 chi so t'?othanhh~ thongchi so CAMEL:C (Capital):vonclla banthannganhang;A (AssetQuality):chatluqng tai san co; M (ManagementAbility):nangIl{cquanIy;(Earning):sinhlai va L (Liquidity):khanangthanhtoan.NHTLfclla nhieunl1C1Cdadl{avao5 chiso tren d~ danhgia xeplo,?icac nganhang.PhL10ngth((cth((2 113thanhtrat'?i.cho,Wcthanhtratrvctiept,?icacH9isava chi nhanhclla cacnganhangtrencasa nhOngcanc((clla s6 sachva cMngtCI.Bayla phl1cmgth((cthanhtra c~th~,sausacvacohi~uqua.

TCInhOngtrinhbaytren clla 10 n9idungquantr! NHTLf,co th~ noi congtac quan tr! cua NHTUvU'ala khoa

hQc,vU'ala ngh~ thu~t.Quan<i>tr!diitrd</i>

thanh nhan t6 dan den 51!thanh cong

cua nhieu NHTUtrong nen kinhte th!

trLidng.Do v~y, nangcao trinh d9 vangh~thu~t quantr! dangla xu hl1angph6bienva tat yeuclla NHTlfcllamQi

<small>nl1C1Ctren the giC1i..</small>

...

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