Những kiến nghị về cải cách khu vực tài chính trong kế hoạch phát triển kinh tế.pdf

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KE HOA-CHPHAT TRIEN KINH TE

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xA H(H2006

-

<small>2010 TRONG LINH VUC NGAN HANG</small>

<i>clM cach hanh chinh nh8m nangcao hiiju<small>Il/c</small>qulm Iy Nha nudctrang ffnh Vl/Ctitm tij</i>

-

<i>ngan hang,</i>

dong

thdi dap ung d6i hoi d6i mdiCSTT va yeu diu cai cach h$thong thanh tra, giam sat ngfmhang theo chuan mlfc quoc te(BASEL), tren cd sa do, nang caotrach nhi$m va quyen chu d(>ngcua NHNN trong vi$c xay dlfng vathlfc thi CSTT, nhat la trong vi$cdieu hanh cac cong Cl;jCSTT. Caccong Cl;j CSTT gian tiep (nghi$pVl;jthi tn.tdng ma, tin dl;jng tai capvan) phai tra thanh nhU'ngcong Cl;jchu yeu dieu hanh tien t$ thay thecho cac cong cl;j phi thi trlfdng.Cac ho~t d(>ng giam sat tlt xa,

nhat la giam sat rui ro, ki~m toannQi bQ va ki~m toan dQc l;%Ipcandlf<;1Ctru tr9ng d~ ha tr<;1co hi$uqua cho ho~t dQng thanh tra t~i

chaoThiet<small>l;%Ip</small>h$ thong danh gia,

phan loai cac t6 chUc tin dlJnotheo tieu chu.:inCAMELS.

<i>- Phat tri€n (fang be:>va v(mhanh co hiiju qua thj trtJangtien<small>tij</small></i>

(Sd cap va thU cap), nhat la thitrlfdng nQit$ lien ngfm hang va thitrlfdng ngo~i t$ lien ngan hang.

- Cd che lai suat va ty gia can

<small>phai tiep tl;jc dlf<;1Cd6i mdi, xac l;%Ip</small>

hiiu hi$u tren nguyen tik th!trlfdng va dlf<;1Cki~m soat qua cacnghi$p vl;j thi tn.tdng. Xay dlfng cd

che quan Iy ngo~i hoi theo hlfdngtlf do hoa cac giao dich vang lai,ki~m soat co Ilfa ch9n cac giaodich cua tai khoan van, lam chodong Vi$t Nam co kha nang

chuygln d6i.

-

<i><small>f)aynhanh viijc thl/c hiijn Cd</small>ca"uIfill cae NHTM theo cae (fe an(fa (fu(Je Chinh phil phe duyijt</i>

dong bQ tren ca hai cau phan chuchat la tai Cd cau tai chfnh va xaydlfng th~ che quan Iy sat vdi thOng

<i>1$tot nhat ve quan trj ngan hangnham t~o ra cac ngan hang co</i>

quy mo du Idn, ho~t dQng an toan,hi$u qua, du sUc c~nh tranh trongnlfdc va quoc te..

<small>!</small>

Nhfmgkien ~ V8 em r2ch.khuVI;lttmcIDnhtrongk8h~

chien~t8ngtMng vagJ8mnghooroandi~

1. Muc tH~u cua ke

hoach

phat tri~n kinh te

<small>-</small> xii h9i 2001-2005

v~linh

v1:f.ctid chinh

Nhiing

<small>ml;jc</small>

tieu chfnhcua ke

ho~ch phat tri~n kinh te - xa hQi(KHPTKT-XH)2001-2005 ve ITnhvlfc tai chfnh bao

gom:

-

<i>Tang cuang vai tro eila Nganhang Nha nude (NHNN)</i> trongvi$c ki~m scat va quan Iy cacho~t dQng tien t$, giam sat t~icha va tlt xa cac h09t dQng tin

dl;jng cua cac ngan hang thongqua cac tieu chf dlf<;1Ccai tien dlfatren phan tlch rui ro; tang cltdng

su dl;jng cac cong <small>cl;j</small> gian tieptrong dieu hanh chfnh sach tient$; cai thi$n Cd cau t6 chUc vanhan Sif cua NHNN.

- <i>Thue (fay cai cach hij thongNgan hang,bao gom: Tang clfdng</i>

<b>Susan</b> J.Adams*

tlnh minh b~ch d~ dimh gia n<;1qua h9n thong qua ki~m toan vaphan lo~i n<;1tuan theo nhiing

<i>thong 1$ quoc te tot nhat; bdm</i>

them van VaG tU'ng ngan hangthlfdng m~i nha nlfdc (NHTMNN)khi can sau khi ngan hang dohoan thanh nhU'ngcai cach chfnh

<small>va d~t dlf<;1CnhU'ngml;jc</small> tieu ve tai

chfnh<small>cl;j</small> th~ cua minh; giai quyetn<;1qua h~n doi vdj cac doanhnghi$p Nha nlfdc (DNNN) bangnhU'ng ke ho~ch tai cd cau dadlf<;1cChfnh phu thOng qua.

<i>- Tach viije</i>

<i>eho vayehinh saeh</i>

<i>khai hOfilt(fe:>ngthong thuang cilacac NHTMNN</i> bang cach I09i bodan vi$c cho vay chfnh sach, chovay khong dlfa tren nhiing nguyenhk thucmg mai va bang cach loai

.,.

nhU'ng trlfdng h<;1pd~c bi$t dlf<;1cChfnh phu dam bao ra. Vi$c tai Cdcau cac ngan hang thudng m~i c6phan (NHTMCP) nem dlfa trentinh hinh tai chfnh cua cac nganhang nay. Rut giay phep cua cacngan hang co dQ an toan va tlnhlanh m~nh thap, sat nh;%lpmQt songan hang nho vdi nhau.

<i>- Thanh I(lp trung tam giao djeh</i>

<i>ehtJngkhoan <3Ha Ne:>i,me,</i> rQng

Slf tham gia th! trudng chUngkhoan, tang clfdng vai tr6 cua th1trlfdng chltng khoan doi vdi nenkinh te. Me, rQng slf tham gia thitrudng chUng khoan cua cac nganhang nudc ngoai va cac t6 chUctai chfnh quac te, cho phep cacnha dau tu nudc ngoai tham gia

VaGth! trudng chUngkhoan<small>e,</small>

Vi$t

.

<small>DQi diEmthuong trU Coo cap-Vanph6ngQuy tien te qu6c te toi Viet Nom</small>

<small></small>

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<small>",--KE HOA.CH PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - xA H(>I2006 - 2010 TRONG LiNH VT;C NGAN HANG</small>

Nam va ban hanh nhLrng bi~nphapki~m soat hi~u qua.

2. Hi~n tr~ng

khu v\:f.ctili chinh

Vi~tNam da va dang co gang

thl!C hi~n nhLrng ml,!c tieu neutrong KHPTKT-XH 2001-2005.

Riengve khu

vl!c

tai chfnh, nhLrngthanh cong chu yeu trong giaido~mnay co th~ neu len la:

-

<i>NHNN dang cai tian vi~cthanh tra, giam sat cac ngan hangthLlong mCjJi.NHNN da ban hanh</i>

<small>cac quy djnh nham</small> cai thi~n chat<small>Il1c;mgtfn</small>dl,!ngva bat dau thiet <small>Ic(:Ip</small>

<small>cac tieu chf, chuan</small> ml!c... <small>nham</small>

<i>theo d6i tot hem ho~t</i> d(mg cuacac ngan hang, giam sat so dl1 n<;:lkhOng sinh Idi (NPLs)

va giup chi

d~o vi~c b6 <small>sungvancho cac</small>

<small>va nang cao nang Il!c</small> can bQ. H~thong thanh toan dang dl1<;:1c

cai

thi~n va khuyen khfch cac ho~t

dQngtrung gian.

<i>- Cho vay theo chinh sach thl/cta da dLl(Jc tach khoi cho vay</i>

<i>thLlong<small>mCjJi</small>qua vi~c thanh l;[Jp</i>

<i>Ngan hang Chinh sachxa hQiVi~t Nam. Hdn niia, Chfnh phu da</i>

ngl1ng vi~c cho vay chi dinh cuacac NHTMNN va da giao nhieutrach nhi~m hdn cho cacNHTMNN trong vi~c danh gia tfnh

<small>tin cc(:lyve kha nang tran<;:l.</small>

<i>- Hai NHTMNN da dLl(Jc dLlavao chLlong trinh co phan hoa va</i>

cong vi~c da bat dau. NHTMNNva ngan hang thl1dngm~i c6 phan(NHTMCP) dang thl!c hi~n ki~mtoan theo chuan IAS.

<i>- Khu vl/ccac NHTMCP dangdLl(Jccd cau I~i qua vi~c cung co,</i>

h<;1pnhat, sat nhc(:lp,giai th~... CacNHTMCP dang cung cap cac san

<small>pham</small>

va

<small>dichvI,!dl1<;:1Ccai tien, t~ol<;1inhuc(:ln</small>

cao hdn vatang tfnh

hap dan doi vai cac ngan hang

nl1ac ngoai trong vi~c gop vanvao cac NHTMCP.

<i>- $1/ tham gia cuanLlOcngoaitrong thf twang cht1ng khoan va</i>

<small>Mo</small> <i><small>hiemdang phattrien ch;[Jm</small></i>

vatrung tam

<small>giao</small> dich chung khoan

Ha NQi sap dl1<;:1ckhai trl1dng.

<i>- Moi trLlang lu;[Jt I~ va phapcha cua khu vl/c tai chinh dangdLl(Jc dieu chlnh cho nhat</i> quanvai cac dieu khoan da dl1<;1chaiben thong nhat trong USBTAvadang phat tri~n theo hl1ang tuanthu vai WTO.

Ben c~nh do, ho~t dQng cuakhu vl!ctai chfnhvan con nhiingh~n che co th~ giai quyet trongnhLrngnam tai la:

-

<i>NHNN thiau quyen tl/ chu</i>

<i>trang hOCjJtdQng, th;[Jmchi ca voi</i>

<i>nh{)ng quyat dfnh cua minh vecau truc to cht1c,cht1cnang vanhan sl/ nQi bQ. Cau truc chi</i>

nhanh

qua phan tan can trd h~

thong thong tin ho~t dQng hi~uqua va lam roi cau truc thOng tinbao cao cua cac ngan hangthl1dng m~i. Tl1dngtl!, vi~c khong

co ki~m

toan tien t~ doi vai NHNNdoi hoi can phai tien himh cac

bi~n phap nham tang Cl1ang

cac

ho~t

dQng cua minh.

<i>- Cong tac thanh tra, giam sat</i>

<i>ngan hang d Vi~tNam ehLlaphattrien.</i>

Moitrl1dngphap Iyhi~n nay

<i>khong cho ph~p cac cO quan</i>

giam sat co du quyen II!Cva tfnhdQC<small>Ic(:Ip.Hdn niia, call truc cua nokhong</small> m~ch I~c, h~ thong nay lamQth~ thong theo <small>hl1ang</small> tuan thuluc(:ltI~ vai qua nhieu bao cao vanhiing thieu sot trong dao t~o vakinh nghi~m cua can bQ da cantrd y d!nh ap dl;Jnggiam sat dl!a

tren

phantfch rui roo

<i>- Cac NHTMNN con la mQt</i>

<i>diem yau chianILI(JCtrang cae the</i>

<i>cha kinh ta cua Vi~tNam va</i>dang

bi de

niflng bdi bang can doi yeu,

kha nang sinh Idi thap, bdi da sUm~nh do Chfnh phu giao, bdinhiing cau truc th~ che phan tanphuct~p, can bQ chl1a dao t~oday du va bdi cac h~ thong thongtin yeu k~m. Linh vl!Cchfnh doihoi sl! quan

tam do la vi~c

giaiquyet n<;1khong sinh Idi, doi hoitrong rat nhieutrl1dng h<;:lp,vi~c cd

cau I~icac DNNN

thua 10.Vi~c b6sung van cho den nay chl1adu d~bu dap cho nhiing yeu k~m trongdanh ml,!ccho vay.

<i>- Co qua it thong tin ve chatILI(Jngth;[JtSl/ eua cae khoan ehovay cua cae NHTMNN va nh{Jngkhoan n(Jhau nhLlmang tinh ngansach la mQt moi 10nghiem tr(;mg*.</i>

Cac NHTMNN thieu tfnh minh

b~ch, vi~c l1ac tfnh nhu cau vancua cac ngan hang nay la ratkhong chac chan. Cong vi~c ki~mtoan quoc

te da giflpphai Sl! tri

hoan kha lau, hdn niia<small>chat Il1<;:1ng</small>

ki~m toan con co rat nhieu yeuk~m va cac nha ki~m <small>toancho</small>

rang thieu thong tin la mQt thieu

sot chfnh.Luong thongtintiep tl,ICla mQt van de, diflc bi~t do banchat phan tan cua cac NHTMNN.

Tien bQ trong vi~c tien tai cac

chuanml!cke toan quocte va xac

dinh dl! phong cho cac khoan n<;1khong sinh

lai la

<small>chc(:lm;</small>

cac nha

ki~m toan ben ngoai cho biet cacngan hang ap dl,!ng ratkhac nhau

<i><small>nhiing thong I~ quoc te tot nhat</small></i>

ve

-

<i>Khuon kho philplu;[Jtva quy<small>eha cho khu vl/e tai ehinh</small>- ea chocae ngan hang Ian eho cae tocht1e tai ehinh phi ngan hang -con khong tot va thiau kha nangeLlong cha day du.</i>

<i>- Thf twang van eua Vi~t Namcon chLla philt trienso vai mUc</i>

tang trl1dng cua cac khu vl!c khaccua cac khu vl!c khac cua nen

<i>kinh te va mUc hQi nhc(:lpquoc te.</i>

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<small>KE HOA-CH PHA T TRIEN KINH TE</small>

-

<small>xA H(n 2006 - 2010 TRONG LiNH VUC NGAN HANG</small>

TKT -XH 2006 - 2010, 16ngghep viii cac fi\lC tieu cua

chien ILf<;1Ctang trLfdng va giamngheo toan di~n la nhU'ngkhuonkh6 chung cho vi~c !~p ke ho~chchfnh sach, thi thanh cong cuachung se dl!a tr€mvi~c phac ho~m9t so cd che chfnh sach chu yeuva I~p th(( tl! cho cac cd che nay

<i>m9t cach thfch h<;1p.Ma tr~n<small>kern</small>theo cho chung ta m9t so g<;1i</i>'j,chu yeu cho khu vl!c ngEInhang,nhLfngcOng cho ca khu vl!C phingEInhang de c(,Jthe khuon kh6KHPTKT-XH 2006-2010.

De xuat cua IMFtrong linh VI!Ctai chinh cho KHPTKT-XH/Chien ILtqctang trLtdng

giam ngheo toan di~n2006-2010

<small>Moi trLtdngphap I'llquy che cuaho~t d9ngngan hangtai chinh</small>

<small>Kiem Toan</small>

<small>Kiem toanNha nLtdcViet Nam(KTNN)</small>

-<small>Saa Luat NHNN de cho NHNN co tat cacac tha~quyen phap 1'1can thiet trongvi$c thl!chi$n cac chuc nang cua ngan</small>

hangtrung<small>Ltdng</small>va chuc nanggiamsat,bao gom quyen tl! chu va ch!u trach<small>nhi$m thich hc,1p.</small>

<small>- T6 chuc I~i vi$c giam sat cac ngan hangcua NHNN.</small>

<small>- Thfdiemvi$c t6 chuc I~i cac chi nhanhNHNN thanh cac chi nhanh khu vLtc.</small>

<small>-Thl!c hi$n kiem toanNHNNtheo' Chuan</small>

<small>Bao cao tai chfnh</small> quac te<small>(CBCTCQT).- C6phanhoaVietcombankva Ngan</small>

<small>hangPhat trien nha dong bang song Cltu</small>

<small>quan1'1 cacnganhangnay tren</small> <i><small>cd SCI</small></i>

<small>- G~m bat ky vi$c b6 sung van cua Chfnhphu cho cac NHTMNNvdi cac ke ho~chhanh d9ng co thdi h~n</small> <i><small>nham tai cd cau va</small></i>

<small>c6 phanhoa.</small>

<small>- Saa can ban Lu$t cac T6 chuc tin dyng- Thong qua m9t so d~o lu$t ve hai phieu vagiaync,1theo quy Ltdc quac</small> te.

-Hoan tat vi$c danh <small>gia theo cacnguyentac can ban Basel (BCP).</small>

<small>khungb6 vdi cac Cd che cLtBng buc day duo</small>

-<small>TangCLtdng khuon kh6 phap1'1hotrc,1bao</small>

<small>- Lam cho KTNN Vi$t Nam trd thanh m9t</small>

<small>- Cong ty hoa tat ca cac NHTMNN dl!atren cac thong 1$tot.</small>

<small>- Chuyen d6i tat ca cac NHTM sang vi$csa dyng ke toan do theo CBCTCQT.- Cong ba cac bao cao hang nam baogom nhiing ket qua kiem toan va cacthieu sot trong kiem toan.</small>

<small>- Thong qua cac chienILt<;1Cxa 1'1cac nganhang mat kha nang thanh toan nhat quanvai cac chuan quac te.</small>

<small>- Thl!c hi$n cac bi$nphap</small>

ve

<small>h$ thong an</small>toan<small>tai chinh.</small>

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<small>KE HOA.CH PHAT TRlEN KINH TE - xA H(>I2006 - 2010 TRONG LINH VUC NGAN HANG</small>

<small>NhCtng g<;JiY</small>

nay bao gom cac bi~n phap da du'<;Jc

dl/ kien nhu'ng cho den nay, chu'a du'<;Jcthl/c hi~n

trong KHPTKT- XHthdj ky 2001 -

2005

va chung nhat quan voi nhCtngml,jctieu Ioncua chien 1u'<;Jctang

tru'dng va giam ngheo toan di~n cua Vi~t Nam..

.

Thom khao tai li$u tv van Dieu khoan IVcuo IMFcho Vi$t Nom, Phl,Jtrvang cac van de chQn IQc, chvang I."LieuViet Nom co theb6 dVQc cac van de cuo khu vlJc Ngan hang?")

Vi~t Nam trong thdj gian qua, vi~cdieu hanh CSTT va SLrdl,Jngeaccong cl,Jcua CSTT da lien tl,JCthayd6i cho phu h<;Jpvdi thl/C tr9ngkinh te xa h<)i cua dat nu'de. Co

<small>th~ danh gia t6ngquat</small>

ve

<small>hi~u</small>

TS. Ph~m Huy Hung *

qua trong dieu hanhchinh sachtien t~ tren cac m~t sau:

I. NHUNGKEfQuA D~T DUQC

Thii nha't: v~ giam soctanggici va h6 trg tangtnidngkinhte.

Nam 2004 dien bien th! tru'dngco nhieu phlic t9P, chi s6 gia tieudung (CPI) lien tl,jc tang, chu yeudo tae d<)ngtl1 phia eun~ tren thi

tru'dng trong nu'oe, qu6e te va anhhuang cua d!eh cum gia eam,thien tai eOng nhu m<)ts6 bat e~ptrong eong tae quan Iy va dieuhanh gia, NHNN da ehu d<)ng,th~n tr9ng trong dieu hanh CSTTphu h<;Jpvoi dien bien phlie t9Peua nen kinh te, da theo d6i ch~tehe sl/ bien d<)ngeua gia ca, du'ara nhCtngquyet sach thong quavi~e dieu ehinh eong el,j dl/ trCtbatbu<)c, ki~m soat eh~t ehe 1u'<;Jng

.

<small>Tong giamdocNganhangC6ng thuang Viet Nom</small>

T~ 011NcANflANC- 86 cmmN<small>DE NAM 2005</small>

-<small>Phat trien th! trLfC1ngforward.</small>

<small>chUng khoan Tp. HCM va thanh Ipm9t th!trLfC1ngphi tptrung (OTC) tiHa N9i.Th! trLfC1ngtrai- Phat trien thj trLfC1ngtrai phieu Chinh phu</small>

<small>nLfdc trong khu vl!c.</small>

<small>Th! trLfC1ngbao</small> _{- Phat trien Lut} _{bao hiem, cac quy che va}

<small>Cac the che</small> _{Quy h6 trg phat}

<small>- Danh gia chat ILfgng cac khoan cho vay</small> ^{- Kiem} ^{che vi$c phat} ^{hanh trai}

<small>ngan hang(QHTPT)</small> _{- Kiem che vi$c tich ty cac khoan ng kh6ng} <small>cac hotd9ng cua QHTPT.sinh lC1icua QHTPT</small> <i><small>CI mUc lanh mnh</small></i> <small>va</small>

<small>hgp Iy.</small>

<small>H$ thong tiet- Lpra m9t cd quan ben ngoai B9 BLfuki$m BLfu di$nchinh viem th6ng de giam sat ve tien t$ doi</small>

<small>vdi mngILfdi tiet ki$m BLfu di$n.</small>

<small>Quy tin dyng- Thiet Ipcac tieu chi, chwnml!c cho tinh- Thiet Ip cac tieu chi, chu§n ml!c</small>

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