Thời cơ và thách thức đối với thành phố thủ đức thành phố trong thành phố đầu tiên của nước ta

A KJ WRJ LAG ]KẻDK ^K K JKặ FADK
]XDL A KJ @ADK ]-IR]

]KA J Sẻ ]KầJK ]KJ A SA ]KẻDK
^K ]K J-]KẻDK ^K ]XEDL ]KẻDK
^K R ]AẽD DJ ]G








Laỗe vaïd laẪdl mầy?
mầy? ]kầj sự Iƾu Ğỡj Wugdl
Zadk vaïd tkỷj kaỌd?
kaỌd? Kdl DlỆj Dkèd
Sš ]kỀ Dkudl
Kdl ]kỀ WuỺdk Dkƾ
Ğỵe KỚdl Dlj
dl ]k Hổjk Dkợd
Dluyd ]kgdk Dkợd
]kợdk Dkốd

]^.KJF, tkỗdl 1 dĊf 8>87


 

IộA JẨF ƮD
ĞẬu taïd, dkúf xad lỦa iỖa jẪf Ƨd ėẵd trƾỖdl Ğầa KỆj @adk ]ẵ IuẦt ėê
tầe rg fýa trƾỖdl, ėaệu `aỌd tỗt jke sadk vaïd jú jƧ kốa tộf tứa, pkỗt trad
trad vợ
dlkaùd ju v fýd Iut Kad ^kỗp. ốy iợ ft j ka tt dkỳf jkdl
týa jỳ tk ỗp mdl j jỗj `ad tkj ờ kj vỵe tkỷj tẵ. Ğýa `ka dkúf
jkÿdl týa lẼp fốt sỗ `kú `kĊd vệ vẢd ėệ jkỆd ėệ tỵa vỵ téf sỗ iaỌu tkỷj tẵ,
dkƾdl dkụdl ėaệu ėú laÿp dkúf jkÿdl týa kj ka vợ iợf vaj dkỳf jỳ tadk
tkd trỗjk dkaf kd, trdl tkợdk kd tredl jỗj jýdl vaj jkudl jỬg dkúf.
]aẵp tkbe dkúf jkÿdl týa xad lỦa iỖa jẪf Ƨd jkèd tkỵdk ėẵd tkẬy Iƾu
Ğỡj Wugdl - dlƾỖa kƾỐdl mẠd ėệ tỵa jỬg jkÿdl týa. ]kẬy id id kẵt fộdk
jk my, k tr dkỳf tredl sut quỗ trộdk. ]t j hợa kj quử laỗ tky ờ my,
ờ lap jke jkÿdl týa ėỊ tkỷj kaỌd tỗt ėệ tỵa dỵy jšdl dkƾ kd tkaỌd hẪd
tkèd kƧd iỵ dkụdl lúp ư, jkag sẰ, jkề mầy tẦd tédk tỠ tredl tèf jỬg fốt dlƾỖa
tkẬy fỵ dkúf jkÿdl týa id id lka dkỐ.
Juỗa jđdl qug ėệ tỵa dỵy, dkúf jkÿdl týa `kýdl jkề taẵp tku `ad tkj t
sỗjk v fợ dkỳf jkdl týa ờ kỆj kễa ėƾỪj rẢt dkaệu ėaệu tỠ `ự dĊdl sỗdl,
`adk dlkaỌf `aẵd tkỡj kụu ỉjk jke jýdl vaỌj sgu dỵy. Jf d tt j jỗj
tkợdk vaùd tredl dkỳf ờ iuýd ėỚdl kỵdk, lấd hú, tad tƾổdl ėỊ kd tkỵdk ėệ
tỵa dỵy.

7


 

FửJ IửJ
MGDK FửJ ]ữ SAẴ] ]Ấ]......................................................................................
]Ấ]..........................................................................................

.......:
...:
MGDK FửJ KÉDK ẨDK..................................................................................................:
ẨDK..................................................................................................:
7.FỔ ĞảR.........................................................................................................
ĞảR......................................................................................................................
................=
...=
8.DớA MRDL JKặDK.....................................................................................................
JKặDK........................................................................................................2
...2
8.7.]dl qugd v tkợdk pk ]k j.....................................................................
j............................................................................2
...2
8.7.7.S trổ g iư...............................................................................................
iư....................................................................................................2
8.7.8.ĞẼj ėaỊf tỷ dkạd.............................................................
dkạd.........................................................................
.....................
............
......3
...3
8.7.:.MaỌd tỉjk, quy fý mèd sỗ..............................................................................<
sỗ..............................................................................<
8.7.=.SỀ trỉ jkad ij jg vủdl `adk t trdl af pkổg Dgf...........................
Dgf..............................<
...<
8.7.2.Jỗj jk s pkỗt trad
trad `adk t......................................................................
t.................................................................. .......1

...1
8.8.Ijk s kộdk tkợdk.................................................................................................1
tkợdk.................................................................................................1
8.8.7.Laga ėeầd 7177 - trƾỐj 711<............................................................
711<......................................................................
.............1
...1
8.8.8.Laga ėeầd
ėeầd 711< - KaỌd tầa........................................
tầa...............................................................
................................
................1
...1
8.:.]Ồ jkỡj jkỉdk quyệd ]kỵdk
]kỵdk ^kỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj kaỌd dgy...........................................
dgy.................................. ..........7>
.7>
8.:.7.Fý kédk jkædk
jkædk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl
pkƾƧdl kaỌd dgy....................................
dgy............................................
...........
....7>
.7>
8.:.8.Fỗa qugd kỌ vỐa jkổdk quyd ]^.KJF.....................................................78
]^.KJF.....................................................78
8.=.J ka vợ ]kỗjk tkj..........................................................................................
tkj............................................................................................ 7=
8.=.7.J ka........................................................................................................
ka.......................................................................................................... 7=

8.=.8.]kỗjk tkỡj.................................................................................................
tkỡj................................................................................................... 71
8.2.@adk dlkaỌf quỗj tẵ........................................................................................
tẵ...........................................................................................
..... 88
8.2.7.@adk dlkaỌf
dlkaỌf ėẼj `ku kỵdk jkædk tầa Admedbsag.........................................
Admedbsag..........................................8:
.8:
8.2.8.Fý kédk ėý tkỀ tầa DkẦt HẪd.......................................................................8:
HẪd...................................................................... .8:
8.2.:.Fý kédk ėý tkỀ dád tầa Dlg........................................................................
Dlg.......................................................................... 8=
8.2.=.Fý kédk `ku
`ku ėý tkỀ tầa ]rudl Wuỗj vỵ Kỵd Wuỗj.........................
Wuỗj.................................
............
.....8=
.8=
:.@Ẵ] IRẩD...............................................................................................
IRẩD........................................................................................................
.................
.............. 83
MGDK FửJ ]ỴA IAểR ]KGF @KẨE..........................................................................
@KẨE.......................................................................... 8<

8


 

MGDK FửJ ]ữ SAẴ] ]Ấ]
]^.KJF

]kỵdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk

SD

SaỌt Dgf

@JD

@ku jýdl dlkap

]^

]kợdk pk

]GDM

]ứg ỗd dkốd mốd

S@ZDM

Sad `af sỗt dkốd mốd

RHDM

y hgd dkèd mèd

KĞDM

Kốa ėỚdl dkèd mèd

J^

Jkædk pkỬ

 DW

DlkỀ quyẵt

RH]SWK

ợy hgd tkƾỖdl vỢ Wuỗj kốa

MGDK FửJ KÉDK ẨDK
Kédk
Ké
dk 7 ]^.]
]^.]kỬ
kỬ Ğỡj
Ğỡj ėƾỪ
ėƾỪjj ip
ip trùd
trùd j
j s sỗp
sỗp dk
dkpp : qud
qud 8,

8, 1 vỵ
vỵ ]kỬ
]kỬ Ğỡj
Ğỡj

:

Kédk
Ké
dk 8

ZƧ ėỚ ]Ồ jkỡj
jkỡj jkỉd
jkỉdkk quy
quyệd
ệd ]^.]
]^.]kỬ
kỬ Ğỡj
Ğỡj kaỌ
kaỌdd dgy
dgy

Kédkk :
Kéd

ZƧ ėỚ
ėỚ qugd
qugd kỌ
kỌ jkædk
jkædk quyệd

quyệd ]^.]
]^.]kỬ
kỬ Ğỡj
Ğỡj vỐa
vỐa tỒ
tỒ jkỡj
jkỡj jkæd
jkædkk quyệd
quyệd ]^.KJ
]^.KJF
F


 

7.FỔ ĞảR 
ĞảR 
]kỵdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk iỵ ėý tkỀ ėẼj haỌt vỐa sỗ mèd ėýdl dkẢt jẪ dƾỐj, iỵ
ėẬu fỗa lage tkýdl da jỗj tdk tredl vủdl ýdl Dgf H vỵ ]èy Dgf Hố, iỵ
jỦg dlị lage tkýdl quỗj tẵ, ėỚdl tkỖa iỵ trudl tèf `adk tẵ, vĊd kúg - mu ijk,
laỗe mj `keg kj ` tkut, y t iỐd dkẢt jẪ dƾỐj vỵ `ku vỷj. DĊf 8>8> tkbe
tkỗdl `ï ]^.KJF jú maỌd tỉjk iỵ 8.>12,:1 `f8 (8>1.2:1kg), mèd sỗ `keẪdl 1
traỌu mèd (tkỷj tẵ ėê iïd tỐa 77 traỌu dlƾỖa jke ėẵd kaỌd tầa) tĊdl lẬd =>-2>% se
vỐa dĊf 8>77 jkdl t rdl quỗ trộdk ý tk kỳg gdl mad rg quỗ dkgdk ta
]^.KJF. @adk t ]^.KJF jdl pkỗt traỊd rẢt fầdk tredl dkụdl dĊf lẬd ėèy
tku kÿt iƾỪdl iỐd dkỵ ėẬu tƾ dƾỐj dla, xuẢt dkẦp `kạu tĊdl fầdk, @ku jýdl
dlkỌ jge, @ku jýdl dlkaỌp dlỵy jỵdl dkaệu, jỗj trudl tốf tkdl fa fa
kộdk tkợdk, tp trudl dlợy jợdl g mdl jỗj tp eợd tợa jkổdk tredl vợ dleợa
dj. Z lag tdl mốd j vợ pkỗt trad fdk `adk tẵ ėøa kễa ]^.KJF pkẪa tkgy
ėỒa xèy mỷdl fốt fý kộdk ý tk tkýdl fadk, sỗdl te, sp xp h fỗy dkợ

dj, t jkj jkổdk quyd g pkdl ft jỗjk `keg kj, jỳ k tkdl pkủ
kp va tộdk kédk tkỷj tẵ. DkẦd tkẢy sỷ tkgy ėỒa ėú tầa ]^.KJF, Wuỗj kốa ėê
tkỗdl dkẢt vỐa sỷ Ửdl kố jỬg dlƾỖa mèd ėỀg pkƾƧdl tkỵdk iẦp ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj ‚ Fý
kédk tkỵdk pkỗ trỷj tkuốj tkỵdk pkỗ trudl ƾƧdl ėẬu tạd ėê ėƾỪj tkỵdk iẦp tầa
SD.
Fý kédk dỵy jød fỐa fẰ vỵ ėƾỪj tkỷj dlkaỌf ėẬu tạd tầa SD dïd vẠd
jkƾg jỳ quy dk keợd jkdk v jỗjk tkj t jkj, ket dl vợ tkf quyd
tredl h fỗy jkổdk quyd g pkƾƧdl, ėƧd vỀ quẪd iư kỵdk jkỉdk dkỵ dƾỐj, quy
keầjk jỗd h, jýdl dkốd vaùd jkj, quy kejk ý tk, tợa jkổdk dlốd sỗjk, u
t jýdl, j jk t jk vợ t jku trỗjk dkaf. Dkdl quy dk jứd jkg vằd
td dïd ėệ tỵa dỵy ky vỆdl sẶ lúp dkụdl ử `ad raùdl jg ft jýdl mốd, iợf
trứd trỗjk dkaf jg dla mốd g pkdl lỳp pkd jke jỗj jp jkỉdk quyệd
xèy mỷdl dkụdl hố iuẦt, quy ėỀdk dlỵy jỵdl kd tkaỌd kƧd.
Jšdl jú dkaệu ėệ tỵa ėê dlkạd jỡu vệ vẢd ėệ dỵy dkƾ Ğầa kỆj IuẦt
]^.KJF ėê tỒ jkỡj huỒa kốa tkẪe ’Fý kédk jkỉdk quyệd tkỵdk pkỗ tkuj tkợdk
pk? trad vdl vợ tkỗjk tkj a va tkợdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk‖, ėý tkỀ kúg jỵdl
dkgdk `ëf tkbe çp iỷj vệ pkçt traỊd `adk tẵ quç fầdk `kýdl dkụdl iỵ sỷ trĊd
=




tr jg jỗj jp jkổdk quyd fợ jứd dkd j sỷ qugd tèf jỬg td hố dlƾỖa
mèd `kýdl dkụdl jỬg ėỀg pkƾƧdl fỵ jød jỬg jẪ dƾỐj jẪ vệ kga ft tka j
fgdl ia vợ tkỗjk tkj lp pka, tỵa dỵy jỬg dkúf jšdl dlkạd jỡu 8 vẢd ėệ
trïd dk kdl jke jỗ dkốd v dlk dlkap, truyd tkýdl ėaỌp jke fỆa
dlƾỖa ėỊ jñdl dkgu xèy mỷdl fốt jkỉdk quyệd ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj dlỵy jỵdl kd
tkaỌd vỵ ]^.KJF dlỵy jợdl pkỗt trad, la vdl v tk u tợu jg `ku vỷj
 pkỉg dgf vỵ jẪ dƾỐj.
]Ỡ kga ư dlkġg trïd jú tkỊ lúp pkẬd ėƾg fý kédk dỵy sẶ ėƾỪj f rdl rg

jỗj ]^ trj tkuj trudl dl `kỗj pkỗt trad Sat Dgf dlợy jợdl fdk tkbe
`p jỗj quj lag trùd tk laa dk F, ^kỗp, ]rudl Wuj, Dkt Hd.....]kj
tad ờ jkdl fadk rdl jỗj quj lag ờ a trƾỐj jkÿdl tg rẢt ièu vệ fý kédk
dỵy vỵ ėbf iầa dkụdl kaỌu quẪ jge, `keg kỆj tredl quẪd iö dkợ dj, pkỗt trad
tredl `adk t, xờ ka, quj pkứdl, vd kỳg xờ ka.
Dkf g rg j dkdl laa pkỗp `kấj pkỢj `kú `kĊd vỵ ėỀdk kƾỐdl
ėÿdl ėấd trïd jed ėƾỖdl xèy mỷdl ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj dlỵy jỵdl kaỌu quẪ kƧd v
jkổdk sỗjk pkỗp iử vợ pkỗt trad `adk t teợd ėỀg pkƾƧdl, jkÿdl tg sẶ téf kaỊu
vỵe dkụdl ėaỊf jẬd jkÿ ư fỵ jkỉdk quyệd fỐa sẶ lẼp pkẪa tỠ u dkj af
v v trổ g iử, quỗ trộdk kộdk tkỵdk ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj dkƾ tkẵ dỵe, tkỷj taỂd jƧ jẢu t
jkj jkổdk quyd, tka j vợ tkỗjk tkj j tk lp pka, kau qu jg jỗj dj
`kỗj ờ vd mdl fý kédk tkỵdk pkỗ trỷj tkuốj trudl ƾƧdl ổ Admedbsag, DkẦt
HẪd, Dlg, ]rudl Wuỗj vỵ Kỵd Wuỗj. ]Ảt jẪ dkụdl dốa mudl dỵy jkÿdl tg sẶ
iỵf rị kƧd ổ pkẬd sgu.
8.DA MRDL JKặDK
8.7.]dl qugd v tkợdk pk ]k j
8.7.7.S trổ g iử
j tkợdk
tkợdk ip trùd j s sỗp dkp jg hg quẦd iỵ quẦd 8, quẦd 1 vỵ quẦd
]kỬ Ğỡj, tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj iỵ tkỵdk pkỗ ėẬu tạd jỬg SaỌt Dgf tkuốj ieầa
kédk ėƧd vỀ kỵdk jkỉdk tkỵdk pkỗ trỷj tkuốj tkỵdk pkỗ trudl ƾƧdl.

2


 

 Kédk 7 - ]^.]kỬ
]^.]kỬ Ğỡj ėƾỪj
ėƾỪj iẦp trïd jƧ sổ sỗp dkp : qu

qud
d 8, 1 vợ ]k j
Dlud? SdBxprbss
SdBxprbss

]kợdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj dặf ổ pkỉg Ğýdl tkỵdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk jú vỀ trỉ ėỀg
iư dkƾ sgu?
- ^kỉg Ğýdl
Ğýdl laỗp va tkợdk
tkợdk pk Haùd Kứg
Kứg vợ kuyd Iedl ]kợdk,
]kợdk, tềdk ĞỚdl
ĞỚdl
 Dga vỐa rgdk laỐa iỵ sýdl ĞỚdl
ĞỚdl Dga0
- ^kỉg ]ốy laỗp
laỗp qud 78, qud
qud ]ốd Hộdk, qud
qud Hộdk ]kdk,
]kdk, quẦd 7 vỵ quẦd
= vỐa rgdk laỐa iỵ sýdl Zỵa Lứd0
- ^kổg
^kổg Dgf laỗp kuy
kuydd Dkd ]rjk
]rjk,, tdk dl Dga vợ qud < (qug sýdl
Zợa Lứd)0
- ^kổg
^kổg Hj laỗp jỗj tk
tkỵdk
ỵdk pkỗ dĊd

dĊdll ėốdl dkƾ tkỵdk
tkỵdk pkỗ ]kuẦd
]kuẦd Gd vỵ Mġ 
Gd kgy tềdk Hédk MƾƧdl.
8.7.8.ĞẼj ėaỊf tỷ dkạd
 ĞỀg kédk
]kỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj dặf tredl vñdl jkuyỊd taẵp laụg Ğýdl Dgf Hố vỵ
ĞỚdl hặdl sýdl JỦu Iedl, tkẢp mẬd tỠ Hấj xuỗdl Dgf. Iỵ vđdl jge jỬg tkỵdk
 pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk vỐa ėỀg kédk iƾỪd súdl, ėố jge trudl hédk tỠ 7> ėẵd 82 jf,
ėẼj haỌt jú dkụdl ėỚa lø jge tỐa :8f dkƾ ėỚa Iedl Hédk. Hïd jầdk dkụdl vñdl
ėẢt jge jød jú dkụdl vñdl ėẢt tršdl dkƾ vñdl hƾdl 3 xê jú ėố jge tỠ 7f ėẵd
3


 

8f. SỐa ėỀg kédk dỵy sẶ tầe jke tkỵdk pkỗ ]k j jỳ au `ad tkud ia tredl
vaj pkỗt trad dkdl `ku jýdl dlkap vợ mu ijk sadk tkỗa.
@kổ ku
]kợdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj dặf tredl vđdl dkaỌt ėỐa lẳ fđg, jẦd xỉjk ėầe, dkaỌt
ėố jge ėệu tredl dĊf vỵ jú kga fủg fg - `ký rũ rợdl, jỳ tỗj mdl jka pkỗa
fýa trƾỖdl jẪdk qugd sèu sấj. Fñg fƾg tỠ tkỗdl 2 d tkỗdl 77, fủg `ký t
tkỗdl 78 d tkỗdl = df sgu.
Lage tkýdl
]rùd g hợd qud 1 jỳ [g iố Kỵ Dốa jkầy qug vỵ dkaệu jed ėƾỖdl iaïd
 pkƾỖdl ėê tầe ėaệu `aỌd jke
jk e vaỌj ėa iầa jg dkốd mốd vợ pkỗt trad `adk t - xờ
ka jỬg quẦd. Hïd jầdk ėú, me dặf ổ kầ iƾu kỌ tkỗdl sýdl ĞỚdl Dga dïd jú
fầdl iƾỐa sýdl dløa, `ïdk rầjk jkặdl jkỀt ėê tầe jke tkỵdk pkỗ jú tk pkỗt
trad lage tkýdl dl tky.

8.7.:.Mad tổjk, quy fý mốd sỗ 
MaỌd tæjk? 877,23 `f8 
Wuy fý mèd sỗ? 7.>7:.<12 dlƾỖa7 
8.7.=.SỀ træ jkaẵd iƾỪj jỬg vđdl `adk tẵ trỆdl ėaỊf pkỉg Dgf
]kỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj sổ kụu vỀ trỉ ėỀg iư iỵ trudl tèf faệd Ğýdl Dgf Hố
vỐa kỌ tkỗdl lage tkýdl j u t pkỗt trad dl h, tkud ia `t da,
kp tỗj `adk t va jỗj `ku vj iốd jd. Jỗj jýdl trộdk lage tkýdl trdl af
jg dd `adk tẵ dkƾ?
 Fổ rốdl jge tỗj ]p.KJF - Iedl ]kỵdk - MẬu Lằy
ĞƾỖdl jge tỗj dỵy hất ėẬu tỠ ėaỊf lage jất vỐa ėầa iố Fga Jkæ ]kỆ tầa quẦd
8 (]p.KJF) jkầy vệ kƾỐdl ėýdl =`f vỵ jất ėƾỖdl Sỵdk ėga 8 tầa dÿt lage iỐd.
Wug `kễa jẬu Iedl ]kỵdk jed ėƾỖdl taẵp tỢj jkầy vệ kƾỐdl Ğýdl - Ğýdl Dgf
vỵ lage jất vỐa Wuỗj iố 27 (GK7<) tầa kuyỌd Iedl ]kỵdk, tềdk ĞỚdl Dga.
]uyẵd ėƾỖdl lp `ẵt dỗa lage tkýdl, `adk t lag ]p.KJf va jỗj vủdl
ýdl Dgf H vợ ]èy Dluyïd. ĞỚdl tkỖa rÿt dlấd tkỖa lagd tỠ ]p.KJF ėa
^kgd ]kaẵt, vỵ tỠ ]p.KJF ėa Sšdl ]ỵu jød 7,2 la.
]uyd Fbtre s 7 (Hd ]kợdk - Zua ]aùd)
7

<

ỗd ]kợdk iẦp ]kỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj. ^kẬd tkỡ dkẢt, FỢj AA? Zỷ jẬd tkaẵt tkỵdk iẦp tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj, tr.2.


 

]uyẵd tỵu ėaỌd dlẬf dỵy ėƾỪj `kổa jýdl xèy mỷdl tredl dĊf 8>78 - 8>71.
 Dkƾdl kaỌd jýdl trédk ėốa vỗd dïd mỷ `aẵd tkỖa lagd kd tkỵdk vỵe juỗa dĊf
8>87. Mủ jkg keợd tkợdk, dkdl m ỗd lage tkýdl dợy ờ tỗj dl rt id d
tk trdl HZ qugdk tuyd kej jỗjk tuyd `kedl 8,2`f. Laỗ t tdl iaùd

tj `ka ’Ċd‖ tkbe tuyẵd fbtre dỵy.
 Ğầa iố ^kầf SĊd ĞỚdl 
ĞỚdl 
Ğầa iố lage tkýdl kuyẵt fầjk vỐa jkaệu mỵa 7:,3`f, rốdl :>-32f vỐa 78
iỵd xb. Zgu `ka keầt ėốdl, ėầa iố dỵy ėê lúp pkẬd qugd trỆdl iỵf laẪf đd tấj
lage tkýdl, `kýdl dkụdl `ẵt dỗa vỵ iỵf laẪf tkỖa lagd ma jkuyd va jỗj `ku
vj trdl af jg tkợdk pk dk quẦd 7, quẦd 8, quẦd ^kÿ DkuẦd, fỵ ėèy jød
iỵ jed ėƾỖdl `ẵt dỗa sèd hgy ]èd ZƧd DkẢt vỐa tkợdk pk ]k j, jdl dk
jỗj tdk iốd jd dk Hédk MƾƧdl, ĞỚdl Dga, Hỵ XỀg - Sšdl ]ỵu tkýdl qug quỗj
iố 7G.
 Dkụdl tuyẵd lage tkýdl ėƾỖdl tkỬy, jýdl trédk iỐd trïd sýdl Zỵa Lød,
sýdl ĞỚdl Dga jšdl ėƾỪj ėẬu t pkỗt trad.
Kf ]k ]kaùf
Iợ kdl fj jýdl trộdk qugd trỆdl hẦj dkẢt ėầa iố Ğýdl ]èy, jú ö dlkġg
vý jủdl qugd trdl a va s pkỗt trad `ku ýdl fỵ tredl tƾƧdl iga tkỵdk pkỗ
]kỬ Ğỡj taẵp tỢj ėƾỪj kƾổdl iỪa tỠ jýdl trédk dỵy, ėẼj haỌt kẬf sýdl Zợa Lứd
jứd te dl ij te id jke s pkỗt traỊd `ku ėý tkỀ ]kỬ ]kạf.
 KẬf jkua Fự ]kỬy
Iỵ mỷ çd lage tkýdl trỆdl ėaỊf jỬg ]p.KJF vỐa tỒdl sỗ vd ld 8,= t
dl. Zgu `ka m ỗd j keợd tkad s laa quyt jỗj vd ủd tj lage tkýdl,
ỗp dl dku ju vd ta kợdl kỳg vợe jdl Jỗt Iỗa vợ `t da va dl Sợdk
ga 8 t jẬu ^kÿ Fự iïd ėƾỖdl jge tỗj ]p.KJF - Iedl ]kỵdk - MẬu Lằy.
Hïd jầdk ėú, jýdl trédk jød lúp pkẬd tĊdl jƾỖdl gd td lage tkýdl trïd
tuyẵd, tỠdl hƾỐj dl h k tkdl k tdl lage tkýdl.
8.7.2.Jỗj jk s pkỗt trad `adk t
Df 8>71, j : qud pkỗt trad vỐa tỗj ėố jge, ėúdl lúp ⅚ tỒdl sẪd pkạf
trïd ėỀg hỵd (LXM^) jỬg tkỵdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk, tƾƧdl ėƾƧdl `keẪdl <% tỒdl
sẪd pkạf dốa ėỀg (LM^) jẪ dƾỐj0 xát vệ quy fý, jkề sgu LXM^ jỬg Kỵ Dốa, iỐd
;

 

kƧd LXM^ jỬg tềdk Hédk MƾƧdl vỵ tềdk ĞỚdl Dga. Laga ed 8>73-8>71, :
qud dợy tku dlốd sỗjk t :<.72; t dl, jka dlốd sỗjk t 77.7<= t dl.
8.8.Ijk s kédk tkỵdk
8.8.7.Laga ėeầd 7177 - trƾỐj 711< 
]rƾỐj `ka tkỷj mèd ^kỗp jkaf fad ýdl Dgf @, g hợd vủdl t ]kỬ
Ğỡj dlỵy dgy tƾƧdl ỡdl vỐa pkẬd iỐd kuyỌd Dlêa Gd tkuốj ^kỬ ^kƾỐj Iedl,
tềdk Hạd Køg vỵ tỒdl Iedl Sġdk Kầ tkuốj kuyỌd Iedl ]kỵdk, pkỬ ^kƾỐj ]uy,
tềdk Hạd Køg
 DĊf 7177,tềdk Lag ĞỀdk ėƾỪj jkag tkỵdk = quẦd? ]kỬ Ğỡj, Dkỵ Hë, Lø
SẢp, Kúj Fýd vỵ quẦd ]kỬ Ğỡj jú 3 tỒdl. Ğẵd dĊf 7122, quẦd ]kỬ Ğỡj jú 2
tdl, 71 iợdl. Df 7123, jỗj iợdl j la iợ xê. WuẦd iỲ ]kỬ Ğỡj ėẼt tầa xê
Iadk Ğýdl [ê, tkuốj ]Ồdl Gd Ğaệd. DĊf 7132 hễ kẺd jẢp kỵdk jkổdk tdl,
jỗj xờ trj tap tkuj qud.
Dlợy 81/=/71<2 Wud ]k Ğỡj lỚf 72 xê trỷj tkuốj, jú maỌd tæjk `keẪdl
kƧd 8>> `f8, mèd sỗ iỵ 7;=.1;1 dlƾỖa. Ğẵd dlỵy 8/tkỵdk ėƧd vỀ kỵdk jkỉdk trỷj tkuốj ]^KJF, Kuyd
Kuyd ]k j dkd tkùf kga xờ
Gd @kỗdk vợ ]kỬ ]kạf vỗd iỵ kga pkƾỖdl jỬg quẦd 1 laẪa tkỊ, dkẦp vệ. Dlỵy
7=/8/71;< kuyỌd ]kỬ Ğỡj tkỵdk iẦp tkïf jỗj xờ fa, dốdl tdl s iùd 88 xờ vợ
ft tkỀ trẢd.
8.8.8.Laga ėeầd 711< - KaỌd tầa 
 Dlỵy 3/7/711< Jkỉdk pkỬ hgd kỵdk DlkỀ ėỀdk sỗ >:-J^, laẪa tkỊ kuyỌd
]kỬ Ğỡj, 
Ğỡj,  tkỵdk iẦp : quẦd fỐa tredl ėú jú WuẦd ]kỬ Ğỡj, WuẦd 8, WuẦd 1.
maỌd tỉjk
tỉjk tỷ dkạd
dkạd vỵ 2:8.

2:8.:<<
:<<
Ğẵdd dĊf
Ğẵ
dĊf 8>71
8>71 quẦd
quẦd ]kỬ
]kỬ Ğỡj
Ğỡj jú =<,;>
=<,;> `f8  maỌd
dlƾỖa, lỚf 78 pkƾỖdl.
 Dlỵy 1/78/8>8>, ợy hgd ]kƾỖdl vỢ Wuỗj Kốa hgd kỵdk DlkỀ quyẵt
7777/DW-RH]SWK7= tkỵdk iẦp ]kỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj tkuốj ]^.KJF8. DlkỀ
quyẵt jú kaỌu iỷj tỠ dlỵy 7/7/8>87, tkbe ėú tkỵdk iẦp ]kỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj trïd
jƧ sổ dkẦp td hố maỌd tỉjk tỷ dkạd vỵ mèd sỗ jỬg WuẦd 8, WuẦd 1 vỵ WuẦd
]kỬ Ğỡj.

8 DlkỀ
 DlkỀ

1

quyẵt 7777/DW-RH]SWK
7777/DW-RH]SWK7=,
7=, 8>8>




@ t dlợy 88/>7/8>87, tt j jỗj ket dl au kỵdk vỵ sỦ mỢdl jed mẢu

sẶ me jkỉdk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl jỬg ]kỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj tkỷj kaỌd.
 8.:.]Ồ jkỡj jkỉdk quyệd ]kỵdk ^kỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj kaỌd dgy
8.:.7.Fý kédk jkỉdk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl kaỌd dgy

 Kédk 8 - ZƧ
ZƧ ėỚ ]Ồ jkỡj
jkỡj jkỉdk qu
quyệd
yệd tkỵdk pkỗ
pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj
Ğỡj kaỌd dgy

- ]Ồ jkỡj jkỉdk quyệd tkbe jkaệu dlgdl 
 KĞDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj - Ğèy iỵ jƧ qugd ėỡdl ėẬu jkædk quyệd ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj
me dkèd mèd trỷj taẵp hẬu rg, jƧ qugd dỵy kaỌd dgy jú => ėầa haỊu ėê ėƾỪj jýdl
 hỗ trÿdl jỦ tkbe DlkỀ quyẵt sỗ ;=/DW-RHHJ jỬg RH hẬu jỦ ėầa haỊu Kốa ėỚdl
dkèd mèd ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj dlỵy :7/>2/8>87. JkỬ tỀjk KĞDM ]^ ]kỬ Ğỡj kaỌd dgy
iỵ Ýdl DluyỂd ^kƾỐj Kƾdl ėƾỪj ėầa haỊu KĞDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj hẬu vỵ jú sỷ
 pkï muyỌt jỬg KDM ]^.KJF, Hợ ]kỗa F Mad la jkj ^kỳ Jk tjk
KDM ]^ ]k j. KDM lf 8 hgd Hgd ^kỗp Jk vợ Hgd @adk t dlốd
sỗjk jỳ jkj ddl laỗf sỗt jỗj j qugd jủdl jp vợ quyt jỗj vd ėệ qugd
trỆdl jỬg ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj tkbe tkạf quyệd .

7>




]GDM ]^.]k j - dl u iợ Jkỗdk ỗd S ]t ]rộdk vợ 8 pkỳ jkỗdk
ỗd ]ýd Sd ]rudl vợ Dluyd ]k ]ku Kdl, ]GDM ]^.]k j jku s

laỗf sỗt jỬg KĞDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj vỵ S@ZDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj.
S@ZDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj - dl u iợ Sad trdl Wuỗjk ]kgdk Lagdl vợ 2
 pkú vaỌd trƾổdl DluyỂd ]kỀ ]kgdk Fga, ^kầf ]kỀ KƾƧdl Lagdl, DluyỂd ]Ảd
KẪe, DluyỂd ]kỀ DlỆj Lu, DluyỂd Ğỡj ]kỆ ]ýd Sd ]rudl vợ Dluyd ]k
]ku Kdl jku s laỗf sỗt jg KDM ]^.]k j. ]GDM ]^.]k j jku
s laỗf sỗt jg S@ZDM ]^.]k j
- ] jkj jkổdk quyd tkbe jkaệu mỆj
JĊd jỡ tkbe IuẦt tỒ jkỡj jkædk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl 8>72, (sỦg ėỒa hỒ sudl
8>7<,8>71), DlkỀ quyẵt sỗ 7:7/8>8>/WK7= jỬg Wuỗj kốa dlỵy 73/77/8>8>,
 DlkỀ ėỀdk sỗ ::/8>87/DĞ-J^ jỬg ]kỬ tƾỐdl DluyỂd [d ^kÿj dlỵy
81/>:/8>87.
RHDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj 
Ğỡj  - KĞDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj hẬu JkỬ tỀjk RHDM ]^.]kỬ
Ğỡj. KaỌd tầa, Ýdl Kdl ]ủdl kad iợ Jk tjk RHDM ]^.]k j jku trỗjk
dkaf trƾỐj KĞDM
KĞDM ]^.]kỬ
]^.]kỬ Ğỡj.
Ğỡj.
 ^kú JkỬ tỀjk RHDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj 
Ğỡj  - KĞDM ]^.]k j h dkaf Jỗj
^kỳ Jk tjk RHDM ]^.]k j. KaỌd tầa ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj jú : ^kú JkỬ tỀjk
RHDM iỵ Ýdl DluyỂd @Ỻ ^kñdl, Ýdl DluyỂd Kụu Gdk ]ỡ, Ýdl Dluyd
Hjk Keợdl ^kdl. Jỗj ^kỳ Jk tjk ]^.]k j jku trỗjk dkaf vợ hỗe jỗe
trj Jk tjk RHDM vợ KDM ]^.]k j.
Jỗj j qugd jkuyùd fýd
fýd - ]kbe Dlk ėỀdk sỗ ::/8>87/DĞ-J^ jỬg ]kỬ
tƾỐdl DluyỂd [d ^kÿj dlỵy 81/>:/8>87, quy ėỀdk tkỵdk iẦp 7: pkødl trỷj
tkuốj RHDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj. ]rùd j s ỳ, KDM ờ tkợdk ip jỗj pkứdl hgd?
SĊd pkødl KĞDM vỵ RHDM0 ^kødl Dốa vỢ0 ^kødl ]ƾ pkỗp0 ^kứdl ]ợa jkổdk @ kejk0 ^kứdl Ige dl - ]kƾƧdl hadk vỵ [ê kốa0 ^kødl SĊd kúg vỵ ]kýdl
tad0 ^kødl WuẪd iư ėý tkỀ0 ^kødl ]ỵa dlud vỵ Fýa trdl0 ^kứdl Laỗe mj vợ

ợe te0 ]kgdk trg qud0 ^kứdl @adk tẵ0 ^kødl Q tẵ0 ^kødl @keg kỆj vỵ Jýdl
dlkỌ. ]rdl
]rdl jỗj pkứdl hgd iợ y vaùd jg RHDM j KDM h dkaf. y
vaùd jku trỗjk dkaf hỗe jỗe trj JkỬ tỀjk, ^kú JkỬ tỀjk RHDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj
vỵ KĞDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj.
77


 

RHDM ^kƾỖdl (:= ^kƾỖdl) - 
-  KaỌd tầa, ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj jú := pkdl trj
tkuj hge lf ? Gd @kỗdk, Gd Ia Ğýdl, Gd ^kÿ, Hédk JkaỊu, Hédk ]kỆ, Hédk
]rƾdl Ğýdl, Hédk ]rdl ]ốy, Jỗt Iỗa, Kap Hộdk Jkỗdk, Kap Hộdk ^kj,
Kap ^kÿ, Iadk JkaỊu, Iadk Ğýdl, Iadk ]èy, Iadk ]rudl, Iadk [uèd, Iedl
Hédk, Iedl ^kƾỐj, Iedl ]kầdk Fự, Iedl ]rƾỖdl, ^kÿ Kụu, ^kƾỐj Hédk,
^kƾỐj Iedl G, ^kƾỐj Iedl H, ]gf Hédk, ]gf ^kÿ, ]èd ^kÿ, ]Ċdl DkƧd ^kÿ
G, ]Ċdl DkƧd ^kÿ H, ]kầdk Fự IỪa, ]kẪe Ğaệd, ]kỬ ]kaïf, ]rƾỖdl ]kầdk,
]rƾỖdl ]k:. dl u iợ jỗj Jk tjk vợ ^kỳ Jk tjk pkdl jku trỗjk
dkaf trj Jk tjk RHDM ]^.]k j.
8.:.8.Fa qugd kỌ vỐa jkædk quyệd ]^.KJF 

 Kédk : - ZƧ ėỚ qug
qugdd kỌ jkædk quyệd ]^.]
]^.]kỬ
kỬ Ğỡj vỐa tỒ
tỒ jkỡj jkædk
jkædk quyd
]^.KJF

KDM ]^.]k j
j
- KDM ]^.KJF
]^.KJF jỳ quyd laa tỗd KDM
KDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj dẵu tredl
tredl trƾỖdl
kỪp iỵf tkaỌt kầa dlkạf trỆdl d ia ổjk jg Dkốd mốd.
- Jku
Jku trỗjk dkaf
dkaf tkj kaỌd
kaỌd dkụdl dkaỌf
dkaỌf vỢ vỵ quyệd
quyệd kầd ėƾỪj KĞDM
KĞDM
]^.KJF pkèd jẢp, Ửy quyệd.
: \a`apbmag, ]kỬ Ğỡj,

78

8>87.


 

- KĞDM
KĞDM ]^.KJF
]^.KJF jú quyệd
quyệd hêa hễ 7 pkẬd
pkẬd keẼj teợd h jỗj vd hd trỗa
trỗa

pkỗp iut me KDM ]^.]k
]^.]k j hgd kợdk.
RHDM ]^.]k j
- Jku trỗjk
trỗjk dkaf
dkaf trj
trj RHDM
RHDM ]^.KJF
]^.KJF
- ]kj kad
kad jỗj dkaf v vợ quyd
quyd kd j RHDM
RHDM ]^.KJ
]^.KJF
F pkèd quyệd,
Ửy quyệd ėƾỪj quy ėỀdk tredl IuẦt tỒ jkỡj jkỉdk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl
8>72.
JƧ qugd jkud dlỵdk ]^.]kỬ j - ]rỗjk dkaf hỗe jỗe s hgd dlợdk
]^.KJF qud iư dlỵdk, iġdk vỷj vệ tỒ jkỡj, keầt ėốdl jỬg j qugd fộdk.
]ứg ỗd dkốd mốd ]^.]k j
- Jkỗd
Jkỗdkk ỗd ]GDM
]GDM ]^.]
]^.]k
k j tkj kad,
kad, t jkj
jkj jýdl tỗj xỏt x jg
jg
]GDM ]^.]k j
- Jku trỗjk

trỗjk dkaf t jkj tkj
tkj kad dluyùd tj ]kf pkỗd,
pkỗd, Ka tkf xỏt
x j ip vợ jk tuốd tkbe pkỗp iut0
- Hỗe jỗe jýdl tỗj trƾỐj
trƾỐj KĞDM ]^.
]^.]kỬ
]kỬ Ğỡj vỵ ]GDM ]
]^.KJ
^.KJF.
F.=
S@ZDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj? SaỌd trƾổdl S@ZDM ]^.]kỬ Ğỡj
- Jkề ėầe, ėaệu
ėaệu kỵdk, `aỊf trg vaj tkj
tkj kad dkaf v, ` kejk
kejk jýdl tỗj,
quyt dk jỗj vd v jýdl tỗj jg Sad `af sỗt vợ tkj kad jỗj
dkaf v, quyd kd `kỗj tkbe quy dk jg pkỗp iut2.
- Jku
Jku trỗjk
trỗjk dkaf
dkaf vợ hỗe jỗ
jỗee jýdl
jýdl tỗj trj
trj KDM
KDM ]^.]
]^.]k
k j vợ
S@ZDM ]^.KJF.
8.=.J ka vợ ]kỗjk tkj

8.=.7.J ka
]d mdl j ia tk jg tdl qud tgf laỗj pkỗt trad
Saj qud ]k j tr tkợdk tkỵdk pkỗ mỷg trïd : dệd tẪdl vụdl jkấj?
- @ku ėý tkỀ fỐa ]kỬ ]kạf
]kạf (quẦd 8) jú maỌd tỉjk
tỉjk `keẪdl 32< kg vỐa jkỡj
jkỡj
dĊdl jkỉdk iỵ trudl tèf tkƾƧdl fầa, tỵa jkỉdk, mỀjk vỢ vỵ mèd jƾ kaỌd ėầa0
- @ku
@ku jýdl dlkỌ
dlkỌ jge quẦd
quẦd 1 vỐa
vỐa quy fý 17: kg jú tỼ iỌ ėẬu tƾ iẢ
iẢpp ėẬy
`keẪdl 1>% vỐa 723 m ỗd, tdl vd u t `kedl <,7 t RZM, da tp
=Iut ] jkj

tứg ỗd dkốd mốd 8>7=. Iut s 38/8>7=/WK7:
2Iut ] jkj Sad `af sỗt

7:




trudl jỗj megdk dlkap dl u j tredl vợ dleợa dƾỐj vệ iġdk vỷj `keg
kỆj ‚ jýdl dlkỌ, ėẼj haỌt, ėèy iỵ dƧa tku kÿt vỗd ėẬu tƾ dƾỐj dla vợ
jỗj tp eợd id dk Adtbi, Zgfsudl
- a kj Wuj
Wuj lag ổ ]kỬ Ğỡj,

Ğỡj, dƧa ėỵe tầe ėầa kỆj,
kỆj, dluỚd dkèd
dkèd iỷj jkẢt
iƾỪdl jge vỵ dlkạd jỡu `keg kỆj vỐa 72 trƾỖdl ėầa kỆj trïd 7>>.>>>
sadk vạd, tỒdl maỌd tỉjk iïd tỐa `keẪdl 3=: kg, jú trïd 7>.>>> laẪdl vaïd,
tredl ỳ jỳ kd 7.>>> laỗe s, tad s.
Jỳ tk tky, jẪ : quẦd ėệu jú vỀ træ jkaẵd iƾỪj tredl vđdl `adk tẵ trỆdl
ėaỊf pkỉg Dgf, `kýdl jkề iỵ ėẬu fa jg jỗj tuyd lage tkýdl kuyt fjk lag
tkợdk pk K Jkổ Fadk vợ jỗj tdk ýdl Dgf H fợ jød iỵ : trỢj jkỬ iỷj vệ
trudl tèf tỵa jkỉdk, jýdl dlkỌ jge vỵ dluỚd dkèd iỷj. ]Ỡ ėèy sẶ kộdk tkợdk ft
tgf laỗj pkỗt trad rt qugd trdl.
J tk, tkbe ỗd @ku ý tk sỗdl te tdl tỗj jge pkỉg Ğýdl?
- @ku ėý tkỀ fỐa
fỐa ]kỬ ]kạf laụ
laụ vga trø iỵ trudl tèf jýdl dlkỌ tỵa jkỉdk, iỵ
vỀ trổ iử tdl jke jỗj ket dl a fa sỗdl tredl jỷ iy lẬd tỐa trudl
tèf kaỌd kụu tkỵdk pkỗ. @ku iaïd kỪp tkỊ mỢj tkỊ tkge quỗj lag Xầjk
Jkaẵj dkf pkỗt trad tk mj tk tkge vợ jkf sỳj sj `kb tk jkt vợ
tadk tkd. Laỗf j Z Wuy keầjk @aẵd trÿj ]p. KỚ Jkæ Fadk DluyỂd
]kgdk Dkê jke rdl, ốy iợ ft tredl jỗj ia tk jdk trgdk lap ]p. K
Jkổ Fadk tr dùd `kỗj hat va jỗj ėý tkỀ tredl Sđdl @adk tẵ trỆdl ėaỊf
 pkỉg Dgf, lp jke vaỌj tku kÿt dlƾỖa ige ėốdl jú tku dkẦp jge jkỆd ėỀg
ėaỊf sadk sỗdl tầa ]kỵdk pkỗ.
- @ku jýdl
jýdl dlkỌ jge-]rudl
jge-]rudl tèf
tèf sẪd xuẢt tỷ ėốdl kúg vỵ @ku jýdl vạd
vạd
`keg kỆj sẶ tầe rg sẪd pkạf fgdl tỉdk t pkỗ, t dl sd xut, tr
tkợdk dd tdl jke pkỗt trad `adk t g pkdl.

- @ku
@ku a
a kj
kj Wuj
Wuj lag tkỵdk
tkỵdk pkỗ - ]rud
]rudll tè
tèf
f jýdl
jýdl dlkỌ tkýdl
tkýdl tad vợ
jýdl dlk laỗe mj iợ ft qud tk laỗe mj ợe te vợ `ka dlkap sỗdl
te.
- dl
dl tka, tkợdk
tkợdk pk pkổg ýdl j dk
dk kdl
kdl tkợdk 3 trdl af
sỗdl te, hge lỚf? ]kỬ ]kaïf, Xầjk Jkaẵj, ]rƾỖdl ]kỆ, ]gf Ğg, Ğầa
7=


 

kỆj Wuỗj lag vỵ @ku jýdl dlkỌ jge. Zỷ pkèd jf dợy tp trudl vợe vaj
pkỗt trad jỳ trdl tốf vợ jkd tap jd kộdk tkợdk jỗj `ku ý tk trj.
]e j ka jke ]^.KJF ht pkỗ
Sa s pkỗt trad `kýdl dlỠdl tredl iġdk vỷj tỵa jkỉdk dlèd kỵdl, jýdl
dlkaỌp, tkƾƧdl fầa, mỀjk vỢ, mu iỀjk vỵ tỗj ėố ėý tkỀ kúg ėê mẠd tỐa mèd jƾ tẦp
trudl vỐa fẦt ėố jge, jkỉdk ėaệu dỵy sẶ iỵ jƧ sổ jke vaj g rg dkdl jkổdk

sỗjk j tk vợ tkat tkj dkặf tẦp trudl quẪd iư dkỵ dƾỐj tkỗdl dkẢt trïd ėỀg
 hỵd : quẦd, tầe ėaệu `aỌd jke `adk tẵ - xờ ka tap tj pkỗt trad fdk f, xốy
mdl tkợdk `ku ý tk sỗdl te, tdl tỗj jge, iợ dl ij pkỗt trad `kýdl
dldl jg tkợdk pk K Jkổ Fadk vợ vủdl `adk t trdl af pkổg Dgf.
Saj sỗp dkp : quẦd tầe dïd tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj sẶ iỵ tad pkỗp iử t
jkj fý kộdk jkổdk quyd ý tk, ỗp dl j yùu ju v qud iử kợdk jkỉdk
dkỵ dƾỐj trïd ėỀg hỵd0 pkđ kỪp vỐa jkỬ trƾƧdl, dl ia jg dl v tadk ld
h fỗy kợdk jkổdk dkỵ dƾỐj, laẪf hạd jkẵ vỵ dèdl jge kaỌu iỷj, kau qu
tredl ket dl jg jkổdk quyd jỗj jp. ] ėú, tkỵdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk ėúdl
lúp dkaệu kƧd dụg jke jẪ dƾỐj vỵ jú ėaệu `aỌd vụdl fầdk jke vaj k tr pkỗt
trad vủdl `adk t trdl af pkổg Dgf, xỡdl tẬf iỵ tkỵdk pkỗ iỐd tredl `ku
vỷj vỵ quỗj tẵ. ^LZ.]Z ^kầf Muy Dlkġg - Ğầa kỆj Cuihralkt SaỌt Dgf jke
rặdl tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj iỵ jƧ kốa tkợdk pk K Jkổ Fadk g rg dkdl laa
pkỗp tkýdl fadk, sỗdl te dkt tkj
tkj y pkỗt trad `ku vỷj.
Jđdl rẢt dkaệu taệf dĊdl sẲd jú, dẵu tkỵdk pkỗ ]k j pkỗt trad dl
kdl, hd vdl, ốy jkj jkd s iợ da a u tredl a fa vợ sỗdl tầe. KaỌd
dgy, tkỵdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk ėgdl ổ vỀ trổ md u v pkỗt trad `adk t jg j
dj (ėúdl lúp LM^ dkaệu dkẢt jke jẪ dƾỐj vỐa `keẪdl 88,:%). ]uy dkạd
tkỵdk pkỗ kaỌd ėgdl pkẪa ėỗa fẼt vỐa dkau tkỗjk tkj fa dlợy jợdl lag tdl
ỳ iợ s vƾỪt trốa vệ tĊdl trƾổdl `adk tẵ vỵ tỼ trỆdl xuẢt `kạu se vỐa jẪ dƾỐj
laẪf, sỷ vƾỪt trốa vệ tædk jầdk trgdk jỬg fýa trƾỖdl ėẬu tƾ `adk megdk laẪf, kầ
tẬdl lage tkýdl hẢt jẦp…ĞỊ jkuạd hỀ jke tƾƧdl iga pkỗt trad `kýdl dldl vợ
tap tj ỳdl lỳp fdk f jke j dj, vaj tộf `af jỗj laa pkỗp dkặf dèdl
jge jkẢt iƾỪdl vỵ tĊdl trƾổdl jầdk trgdk iỵ kẵt sỡj jẬd tkaẵt. ĞẼj haỌt, ^LZ-]Z
]rẬd Kdl Dlèd - Sad trdl Sad Dlkaùd ju ^kỗt trad ]^.K Jkổ Fadk 72


 

jke haẵt, hẪd tkèd ]p. ]kỬ Ğỡj ėgdl jú @ku jýdl dlkỌ jkaẵf tề iỌ `keẪdl =>%
tỒdl `af dlầjk xuẢt `kạu jỬg ]p.KỚ Jkỉ Fadk, ėèy sẶ iỵ dƧa judl dl dlud
dkốd ij vợ jỗj sd pkf dlkaùd ju `keg kỆj. KƧd dụg vỐa `Ỻ vỆdl ėệ rg
tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj ėúdl lúp :>% LM^ jke tkỵdk pkỗ tké ėèy sẶ iỵ dƧa laụ vga
trø rẢt qugd trỆdl tredl sỷ pkỗt trad tdl iga, s iợ dl ij lỳp pkd lp
tkỵdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk trổ tkỵdk trudl tèf iỐd vệ `adk tẵ-tỵa jkỉdk vỵ jẪ `keg
kỆj-jýdl dlkỌ.
]Ċdl quyệd ėẼj tkủ - J ka jk dl pkỗt kuy ia tk
tkợdk pk ]k j pkỗt trad xdl tf ` vdl, JkỬ tỀjk RHDM
]^.KJF DluyỂd ]kỵdk ^kedl jke haẵt? ]kỵdk pkỗ s dlkaùd ju xốy mdl j
jk, jkổdk sỗjk jkổdk quyệd tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj ėa vỵe keầt ėốdl jú kaỌu
iỷj, kaỌu quẪ jge dkẢt. Hgd jkề ėầe tkỷj kaỌd DlkỀ quyẵt sỗ 7777 dĊf 8>8> jỬg
ợy hgd ]kƾỖdl vỢ Wuỗj kốa me Hgd ]kƾỖdl vỢ ]kỵdk Ửy ]^.KJF tkỵdk ip
s dlkaùd ju, xốy mdl ỗd raùdl v j jk, jkổdk sỗjk j tkủ pkỗt trad
tkợdk pk ]k j ėỊ trédk ]rudl ƾƧdl xbf xát? ’]rƾỐj fất sẶ jkỬ ėốdl ėạy
fầdk vaỌj pkèd jẢp, uỼ quyệd jke RHDM, JkỬ tjk RHDM tkợdk pk ]k j
te tổdk t pkỗ, pkỗt kuy jge dkt tổdk kau ij, kau qu tredl keầt ėốdl
quẪd iư, ėaệu kỵdk tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj dkặf kƾỐdl ėẵd fỢj tạu qugd trỆdl iỵ
lúp pkẬd dèdl jge jkẢt iƾỪdl juốj sỗdl jỬg dlƾỖa mèd‖.
SaỌj tkỵdk iẦp, pkèd iea, tkgy a jỗj d v kợdk jkổdk iờdk tk iợ tad
tad kợdk jỗj had pkỗp pkỗt trad `adk tẵ vỵ quẪd iư xê kốa. ]kýdl tkƾỖdl,
dẵu jú xu kdl sỗp dkp jỗj d v kợdk jkổdk iờdk tk dkễ iầa tkỵdk fốt ėƧd
vỀ iỐd kƧd, tầe taệd ėệ jke vaỌj quẪd iö `adk tẵ, quy keầjk ėý tkỀ ėƾỪj tkuẦd iỪa
tké jẬd tĊdl tkạf quyệd tƾƧdl xỡdl vỐa dkaf v, quyd kd j lage. Dleợa
rg, va jỗj tk fầdk vệ quy fý mèd jƾ vỵ maỌd tỉjk, trédk pkỗt trad `adk t xờ ka jg tkợdk pk ]kỬ Ğỡj, vaỌj trge tkïf quyệd jke tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj iỵ
ėÿdl ėấd. ]kbe ėú, vaỌj trge quyệd jke tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj jød dkặf kƾỐdl
ėẵd fỢj ėæjk tầe rg s jk dl, sỗdl te tredl tku kt jỗj dlud ėẬu tƾ jšdl
dkƾ laẪf tkaỊu fỆa kỵdl rỵe dlĊd jẪd jỗj dlud ij pkỗt trad tkợdk pk ]k
j. J tk, jỗj jkổdk sỗjk, haùd pkỗp u ờa, `kuyd `kổjk
`kổjk j hạ  t ̪ fỵ 

fỵ   tkỵdk
 pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj kƾỐdl ėẵd jú tkỊ iỵ?
73




- d lad kỳg
kỳg jỗj tk tj tkợdk
tkợdk ip megdk
megdk dlkap
dlkap dkf ỗp dl yùu ju
ju
te rg fýa trdl `ka dlkap, `adk megdk vợ `adk t sỗdl te, xdl ỗdl
iợ ]rudl tèf `kổa dlkaỌp iỐd dkẢt SaỌt Dgf.
- p mỢdl jỗj jkổdk
jkổdk sỗjk `kuyd
`kuyd `kổjk v tợa jkổdk,
jkổdk, fad, laf
laf jỗj iea
tku dk tku laỗ tr lag tdl, tku tku dkp, tku tợa sd dkf pkỗt trad
`ku jýdl dlk jge - ]rudl tèf sẪd xuẢt tỷ ėốdl kúg vỵ @ku jýdl vaùd
`keg kj.
- d lad kỳg jỗj
jỗj tk tj ka qugd
qugd dkf pkỗt kuy tk
tk fdk jg Jdl Jỗt
Iỗa.
- ] me kỳg jỗj mứdl jky vd u t,
t, ia dkud dkf

dkf tku kt jỗj ket
dl jýdl dlk tợa jkổdk ta @ku ėý tkỀ fỐa ]kỬ ]kaïf.
- ]ầe
]ầe tk
tkuẦ
uẦdd iỪa
iỪa tredl
tredl vaỌj
vaỌj sỦ mỢdl `ẵt jẢu kầ tẬ
tẬdl
dl,, la
lage
ge tkýdl
tkýdl,, ėẢt
ėẢt ga
ga
dkf pkỗt trad `ku ]gf g, Iedl ^kj ha `ku vj dợy judl jp ft
j ka jke s sỗdl te tredl tkaẵt `ẵ vỵ vẦd kỵdk, vỠg `ẵt dỗa vỐa jỗj k
tdl lage tkýdl qugd trdl hge lf j tuyd ėƾỖdl jge tỗj vỵ ėƾỖdl sất
dỗa vỐa sèd hgy quỗj t fa.
Jỳ tk tky, va jỗj tk fdk fgdl tổdk tỒdl kỪp, tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj
kd td jú tkỊ tkÿj y `adk t pkỗt trad du j trge quyd tdl xỡdl.
]ầe iỵd súdl tĊdl trƾổdl fỐa jke SaỌt Dgf tredl tdl iga
Mg vợe s a fa sỗdl te tredl tka ėầa jýdl dlkỌ =.>, tkỵdk pkỗ KỚ
Jkỉ Fadk dúa jkudl vỵ tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj dúa rạdl sẶ tkỷj sỷ trổ tkỵdk trudl
tèf `adk tẵ td jẬu lấd vỐa iỪa ổjk jt iũa jg dkau dj, mg vợe a fa
sỗdl te, t ỳ lap tdl tổdk jdk trgdk lag jỗj quj lag (fợ tkj jkt iợ lag
jỗj saùu ý tk). KƧd dụg, ėaệu dỵy sẶ lúp pkẬd tầe rg jèd hặdl vệ ėỀg jkædk trỀ
tredl `ku vỷj rẢt jú iỪa jke SaỌt Dgf. @kýdl tkỊ pkỬ dkẦd, tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj
iỵ ư tƾổdl xỡdl tẬf jỬg trudl tèf `adk tẵ iỐd dkẢt jẪ dƾỐj vỐa truyệd tkỗdl ėa

ėẬu vệ dkụdl ử tdl t pkỗ, jỳ ử dlkg jkad ij dùd ėƾỪj xbf iỵ ƾu tạd
quỗj lag.
@kýdl jkề jú ư dlkġg id tredl s dlkap pkỗt trad `adk t-xờ ka jg
tkợdk pkỗ KỚ Jkỉ Fadk, ėèy jød iỵ vaỌj tầe rg dkau vaj iợf jỳ jkt idl
kd, sỗdl te kd, tku dkẦp tỗt kƧd0 kầ tẬdl ėƾỪj dèdl jẢp vỵ tkïf `kýdl lagd
7<


 

xgdk. ]kbe ö tƾổdl quy keầjk jỬg Jýdl ty Zgsg`a, ]rudl tốf jýdl dlk sadk
tkỗa ]gf g qud 1 sẶ iỵ dƧa tẦp trudl dkẢt vệ fẪdl jýdl dlkỌ sadk tkỗa,
fgdl d dkau j ka sỗdl te vợ tkj kợdk. @ku vj dợy jỳ jỗj au `ad g
af t dkaïd jỬg hỖ sýdl ėỊ tkÿj ėạy mu iỀjk sadk tkỗa vợ trudl tốf jk had
tkj pkf jỳ tk k tr pkỗt trad f tkj jdl dk jỗj dlợdk jýdl-dýdl
dlkap.
Jủdl xu kdl mjk jkuyd jkua laỗ tr teợd ju `ka ]rudl Wuỗj ėgdl
maỂd rg, tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj jú tkỊ kƾỐdl tỐa vaỌj ėúd iỵd súdl ėẬu tƾ ėgdl jú
xu kƾỐdl mỀjk jkuyỊd `kễa ]rudl Wuỗj, sấp xẵp iầa jkuỜa laỗ tr teợd ju.
]kợdk pk jứd jỳ dkau ia tk tredl xu kƾỐdl dỵy `ka kầ tẬdl vỵ `ẵt dỗa ờ rt
j hd, pkd t sd sợdl jke jỗj m çd jú tkỊ xèy mỷdl jød rẢt dkaệu. Mƾ ėỀg
`kýdl lagd, m g pkỗt trad, fj pkỗt trad iợ rẢt iỐd. Sỵ Zổ kụu dkaệu taệf
dĊdl vƾỪt trốa, ]^ ]k j s iợ fý kộdk pkỗt trad mg trùd dệd `adk tẵ tra
tkỡj, `adk tẵ sỗ, iỵ dƧa jkuyỊd lage jýdl dlk fa jke jỗj tdk `ku vj ýdl
Dgf hố. ĞỚdl tkỖa ‚ SaỌj xèy mỷdl vỵ quy keầjk pkổg ýdl tkợdk `ku ý tk
sỗdl te j ` vdl s lỳp pkd tkat ip jkua laỗ tr lag tdl trïd dệd tẪdl
jýdl dlkỌ jge, kầ tẬdl `ự tkuẦt vỵ xê kốa kaỌd ėầa tkbe jkuạd quỗj tẵ vỵ sỷ kỜ
trỪ tỵa jkỉdk kaỌu quẪ jke megdk dlkaỌp. ĞỚdl tkỖa, dỳ ỳdl vga trứ trudl tốf,
trad `kga jỗj fý kộdk ỡdl mỢdl `keg kỆj `ự tkuẦt tkƾƧdl fầa `káp `æd0 iaïd
`ẵt dlkaïd jỡu `keg kỆj `ự tkuẦt,

tkuẦt, jýdl dlkỌ vỐa dl mdl pkỗt trad sd pkf
tkdl fa kỳg pkj v juj sdl dla mốd vợ vd tf quj t.
8.=.8.]kỗjk tkj
]kbe IuẦt ]Ồ jkỡj jkædk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl
pkƾƧdl dĊf 8>72, ėƧd vỀ kỵdk jkỉdk
tkỵdk pkỗ tkuốj tkỵdk pkỗ dlgdl vỐa jẢp kuyỌd (lỚf quẦd, kuyỌd, tkỀ xê, tkỵdk
 pkỗ tkuốj tềdk). IuẦt ]Ồ jkỡj jkædk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl quy ėỀdk ’`kudl jỡdl‖
vệ tỒ jkỡj, tkạf quyệd keầt ėốdl jỬg tkỵdk pkỗ tkuốj tkỵdk pkỗ. Dkƾ vẦy, tkbe
quy ėỀdk kaỌd kỵdk, vệ jƧ hẪd, jkỡj dĊdl, dkaỌf vỢ vỵ quyệd kầd jỬg KĞDM,
KĞDM,
RHDM tkợdk pk ]k j dkộd jkudl `kýdl `kỗj hat se vỐa KĞDM quẦd, tkỀ
xê, tkỵdk pkỗ tkuốj tềdk.
]kỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj jú maỌd tỉjk 87.>>>kg vỵ jú kƧd 7 traỌu mèd, `Ỻ vỆdl
sẶ ėúdl lúp :>% tỒdl sẪd pkạf trïd ėỀg hỵd (LXM^) jỬg ]^.KJF, hặdl =%7;


 

2% tỒdl sẪd pkạf dốa ėỀg (LM^) jẪ dƾỐj0 iỵ tkỵdk pkỗ dặf ổ jỦg dlị pkỉg
Ğýdl, `ẵt dỗa vỐa teợd vủdl `adk t trdl af pkổg Dgf va jỗj ėý tkỀ ièd jẦd
dkƾ Haïd Køg, Hédk MƾƧdl, Mġ Gd, Iedl ]kỵdk, DkƧd ]rầjk…
]rïd jƧ sổ taệf dĊdl vỵ jƧ kốa jú ėƾỪj tké tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj tỠ `ka j
sỗt dkp jke d dgy jdl lp `kýdl ổt dkdl `kỳ `kd, tkỗjk tkj jd jỳ
dkdl laa pkỗp vt qug dk Hợa teỗd `adk t, k tdl vợ dlud dkốd ij.
]kỗjk tkj v j jk qud iử vợ dlud dkốd iỷj
Ğaệu tạd quyẵt tredl iÿj dỵy iỵ jẬd jú fốt jƧ jkẵ quẪd iư fỐa ėỊ pkđ kỪp
fý kédk tkỵdk pkỗ tredl tkỵdk pkỗ. [èy mỷdl fốt `kýdl lagd ėý tkỀ ėỬ sỡj kÿt
ėỗa vỐa dkụdl dlƾỖa tỵa `kýdl jkề ổ tredl dƾỐj. JẬd pkẪa jkềdk trgdl ėý tkỀ
kaỌd kụu ėỊ laẪf hỐt `ằt xb, dlẦp dƾỐj, tầe dkaệu jƧ kốa vaỌj iỵf jke dlƾỖa
mèd. ĞỚdl tkỖa, jẬd jkuạd hỀ dluỚd iỷj tỵa jkỉdk ėỊ hẪe ėẪf ėẬu tƾ ėỚdl hố vệ

kầ tẬdl lage tkýdl, `adk tẵ, xê kốa dkặf t j jỗj fj taùu rg. Fj taùu
dợy ứa kễa ]^.KJF pkẪa iỵ dƧa tkỷj kaỌd dkụdl lage mỀjk id, da tkj kad
jỗj tkdl v id, da `ka dlud jke dkụdl quyẵt ėỀdk ėẬu tƾ. ĞỊ ėƾỪj vẦy,
tkỵdk pkỗ pkẪa jú dkụdl mỀjk vỢ iạd qugd ėẵd dlèd kỵdl, ỗdk laỗ ddl ij
a tỗj, tkf dk, dlkaùd ju tk trdl, jỗj mjk v he kaf, tợa jkổdk, kợdl
ka, iut sƾ, dkụdl mỀjk vỢ tkÿj ėạy pka dlèd kỵdl".
Zỡ fỌdk jỬg jkỉdk quyệd tỠ vga trø quẪd iư, judl jẢp mjk v jýdl j
jkuyd tkợdk vga au pka, tdl tỗj, md mt.
Dkau dj trùd tk laa `ka tkợdk ip jỗj ’tkỵdk pkỗ dkễ‖ tredl ’tkỵdk
 pkỗ iỐd‖ ėệu jú quy ėỀdk v j jk t jk, t jku trỗjk dkaf. a jđdl vỐa ėú
iỵ sỷ pkèd lage vệ dkèd sỷ, tỵa jkỉdk. ]kỷj tẵ ėê jkỡdl fadk sỷ tkỵdk jýdl jỬg
dkụdl fý kédk tỒ jkỡj jkædk quyệd ėý tkỀ dkƾ tkẵ. Ổ dƾỐj tg, kaỌd dgy ėê jú
dkụdl quy ėỀdk vệ fý kédk ėẼj tkđ - tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj - dkdl jứd hj s
`kga, jd h sudl jỗj quy ėỀdk jka taẵt kƧd vệ tỒ jkỡj, keầt ėốdl vỵ tkạf
quyệd. ĞẼj haỌt iỵ pkẪa jú dkụdl jƧ jkẵ ėẼj tkđ tầe ėaệu `aỌd jke ]^KJF,
tredl ėú jú tkỵdk pkỗ ]k j pkỗt trad, tap tj la vdl v trổ ėỡdl ėẬu jỬg
jẪ dƾỐj.
 DlkỀ quyẵt 7:7/8>8>/WK7= jỬg Wuỗj kốa vệ tỒ jkỡj jkædk quyệd ėý tkỀ tầa
]^KJF ėê quy ėỀdk rị dkaỌf vỢ, quyệd kầd jỬg KĞDM tkỵdk pkỗ vỵ RHDM
71


 

tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj (tkuốj ]^KJF). Ğèy iỵ tkuẦd iỪa ėỊ tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj
tkỷj kaỌd quyệd tỷ jkỬ, tỷ jku trỗjk dkaf.
J tk, se va KDM jp kuyd tkộ KĞDM tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj jú tkïf :
dốa mudl fỐa. ]redl ėú, KĞDM tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj ėƾỪj quyẵt ėỀdk jk
trdl u t jkdl trộdk, m ỗd u t jýdl dkỳf H, dkỳf J s mdl vd
dlốd sỗjk pkdl trj tkuj0 t jkj tkj kad jkdl trộdk, m ỗd u tƾ jýdl

tkbe pkèd jẢp. Ğa `ëf ėú, RHDM tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj pkẪa jú dkaỌf vỢ xèy
mỷdl, trédk KĞDM jñdl jp quyt dk da mudl trùd (jủdl dkau da mudl
`kỗj).
Fud jỳ j ft tkợdk pk ]k j pkỗt trad ddl ėốdl, xỡdl tẬf vỐa
taệf dĊdl tké ]rudl ƾƧdl jẬd jú jỗj quy dk trge quyd fdk f kd jke
]^KJF. Fý kédk tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj rị rỵdl iỵ jƧ kốa tkj kad t jk, dkdl
`ởf ỳ iợ tkỗjk tkj v s jku trỗjk dkaf. ]kỗjk tkj dợy jk rũ jd pka xốy
mdl ft a dl jỗd h, jýdl jkj xdl tf, tke vaj iợ ft tkỗjk tkj id
jd laa quyt.
]kỗjk tkj a va jỗj megdk dlkap
Hùd jdk vý vợd dkdl jƧ kốa iỐd, megdk dlkaỌp `ka ėẬu tƾ `adk megdk tầa
`ku vỷj tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj jšdl pkẪa ėỗa fẼt va dkdl tk tkỗjk `kỳ dkd vộ
vy megdk dlkap jd jkud h jke fộdk s jkuyùd dlkap vợ pkỗt trad hệd
vụdl tredl fốt tkỵdk pkỗ tƾƧdl iga jỬg jýdl dlkỌ - kad a. u t vợe laa
pkỗp jýdl dlk kad dgy iỵ fốt `keẪd ėẬu tƾ ėÿdl ėấd dkẢt jke megdk dlkap.
]kỗjk tkj tỗa ju trj `kýdl lagd
]ỗa ju trj `kýdl lagd vỵ kỵdk jkỉdk jỬg ]^.KJF‖ pkđ kỪp vỐa quy
ėỀdk jỬg DlkỀ quyẵt sỗ 32: dlỵy 78/:/8>71 jỬg ợy hgd ]kƾỖdl vỢ Wuỗj kốa vệ
sấp xẵp ėƧd vỀ kỵdk jkædk jẢp kuyỌd, jẢp xê laga ėeầd 8>71-8>87.
8>71-8>87. JẬd jú ft
i trộdk rũ rợdl vợ jka tat jke vaj tỗa jẢu trÿj `kýdl lagd vẦt iö, `kýdl lagd
`adk tẵ - xê kốa, kỵdk jkỉdk - quẪd trỀ vỵ `kýdl lagd quy keầjk - `aẵd trÿj. FỜa
laga ėeầd :-2 dĊf jẬd xỗj ip ` kejk jke jýdl tỗj t jkj `kýdl lagd ėý tkỀ,
jšdl dkƾ `kýdl lagd `adk tẵ - xê kốa dkƾ tkẵ dỵe jke kỪp iư.
]kỷj sỷ, pkẬd maỌd tổjk j la iợ sỗdl te iợ rt dk vợ mèd sỗ jỬg raïdl
dú `kýdl dkaệu, dïd vaỌj jkuyỊd ėỒa dlgy vỵ dkgdk jẪ fốt `ku vỷj rốdl iỐd
8>


 

vỐa 878 `a iý fát vdl vỵ 7,7 traỌu mèd sgdl vd kợdk tkbe jk jg sỗdl
te iợ au `kýdl m. Kd tk dg, vaj tỗa ju trj teợd mad ỗp dl yùu
ju jg ft tkợdk pk fa iợ ft tkỗjk tkj `kýdl jk v tợa jkổdk, qu ėẢt fỵ
jød jẪ vaỌj tỉjk kỪp, mỀjk jkuyỊd.
HẢt `Ỻ tkỵdk pkỗ dỵe jšdl pkẪa jú fốt trudl tèf jkỉdk, ėú iợ da tp
trudl h fỗy iờdk e jg tkợdk pk, j qugd dlea lage, tr s jg jỗj tp
eợd `adk t id, jỗj dlốd kợdl, tk trdl jkdl `keỗd... ]rudl tốf jg tkợdk
pk sỗdl te jkj jkd pka t da u dờe xut pkỗt jg fa s sỗdl te.
S dluyïd iö, `ka tỒ jkỡj fầdl iƾỐa lage tkýdl, jƧ sổ kầ tẬdl `ự tkuẦt, kầ
tẬdl mỀjk vỢ xê kốa jke fốt tkỵdk pkỗ tké jkỡj dĊdl jkỉdk (ổ ėèy iợ tra tkj,
sỗdl te, tkýdl fadk, jýdl dlk taùd tad, jkẢt iƾỪdl sỗdl jge‖) ėƾỪj ƾu taïd sỗ
7. MƾỖdl dkƾ fỆa keầt ėốdl pkẪa kƾỐdl ėẵd vỵ pkỢj vỢ jge dkẢt jke jkỡj
dĊdl dỵy, jkẺdl kầd dkƾ tkỵdk pkỗ jú dkaệu jèy xgdk, fỡj ėố ý dkaỂf fýa
trƾỖdl rẢt tkẢp, tadl d `kýdl ỗdl `, ku dk `kýdl jỳ lage tkýdl dkgdk vỵ
xb sạu trƾỖdl sạu trỆdl, gd dadk trẦt t rt tt, jỗj mjk v tad ổjk fj jge...
vộ jk tredl fýa trdl dk tk tkộ sỗdl te fa dy sadk, jkt xỗf fa j t
v, jỗj dkợ `keg kj, jỗj jkuyùd lag kợdl u fa iợf vaj kaỌu quẪ. Dkƾdl ėỊ
iỵf ėaệu ėú vỐa hg quẦd ėê kộdk tkợdk vợ pkỗt trad t iốu iợ au `kýdl m.
S tkj t jýdl tỗj t jkj dkốd s jg tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj tredl tkỖa
ėaỊf dỵy ėgdl lẼp rẢt dkaệu `kú `kĊd me kỪp dkẢt : quẦd lỚf quẦd 8, 1 vỵ ]kỬ
Ğỡj tkỵdk fốt ]^ trỷj tkuốj ]^.KJF, vỐa tïd lỆa "]^. ]kỬ Ğỡj" vỵ tkỷj kaỌd
tkbe DlkỀ ėỀdk :=/8>71/DĞ-J^ dlỵy 8=/=/8>71 DlkỀ ėỀdk‖ ZỦg ėỒa, hỒ sudl
fốt s quy dk v jỗd h, jýdl jkj jp xờ vợ dla ket dl `kýdl jkuyùd
trỗjk jp xờ, tkýd, t mốd pk dùd s idl jỗd h tadk laf dkau ` j
iờdk e jk jkt jỗj jp (vổ mỢ? trƾỐj `ka tkỵdk iẦp tkỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj sẶ jỳ :
Jk tjk RHDM jg : Wud dkdl `ka sỗp dkẦp tké kaỌd dgy jkề jú 7 JkỬ tỀjk
RHDM tkỵdk pk ]k j) dùd jd jỳ laa pkỗp v vd ėệ hỗ trỉ dkèd sỷ jke
 pkđ kỪp. Hïd jầdk vẢd ėệ vệ dkèd sỷ tké vẢd ėệ vệ quy trédk xỦ iư vĊd hẪd jšdl
lẼp `kýdl ỉt `kú `kĊd jkƾg tkdl dkt me fa jỗd h jkuyùd fýd ỗp mdl quy

trédk jỬg jƧ qugd trƾỐj (quẦd ]kỬ Ğỡj, quẦd 1 vỵ quẦd 8) lèy iÿdl tÿdl jke jƧ 
sổ `ka xỦ iử vd hd jdl dk hỗe jỗe iùd jp trùd.
87


 

Me vẦy, ]kỵdk pkỗ ]kỬ Ğỡj jẬd kd jkềdk kƧd jd g rg dkdl laa
pkỗp kau qu kd laa j Hợa teỗd v `adk t, k tdl vợ dlud dkốd iỷj iỵf
jƧ sổ taệd ėệ ėỊ dkèd rốdl tkỵdk iẦp jỗj tkợdk pk fa tredl tdl iga tkợdk
pk trj tkuj tkỵdk pkỗ.
8.2.@adk dlkaỌf quỗj tẵ 
]redl iỀjk sỦ tkẵ laỐa, pkẬd id jỗj ý tk j kộdk tkợdk ft jỗjk t
pkỗt, tra qug quỗ trộdk pkỗt trad jg tk jýdl dlkap, tkƾƧdl fầa, mỀjk vỢ, sỷ
tỉjk tỢ mèd jƾ tkỵdk tkỀ vợ t ỳ tr tkợdk jỗj trudl tốf `adk t, tkdl fa,
jkổdk tr, vd kỳg, laỗe mj, `keg kj jýdl dlkỌ jỬg fốt ėỀg pkƾƧdl, fốt vñdl
kgy jỬg fốt dƾỐj. Hïd jầdk ėú, jšdl jú dkaệu ėý tkỀ kédk tkỵdk hặdl fốt quyẵt
ėỀdk tkỵdk iẦp jỬg jkỉdk quyệd tkbe fốt quy kejk jk dl va vga trứ, v tk
`kỗj dkgu. Jỳ dj xốy mdl j ft tk ý fa.
Z `kỗj hat id lag jỗj dj tredl qugd daf v v trổ pkỗp iử jg jỗj ý
tk pk tkuj vợe kộdk tkỡj jẢu trÿj dkỵ dƾỐj, truyệd tkỗdl iỀjk sỦ, fỡj ėố
 pkèd quyệd, tỷ trỀ jỬg jkædk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl dúa jkudl vợ jỗj tkợdk pk
p k dỳa
raùdl.
Wug tộf kau `kỗa quỗt tkýdl tad jg ft s ý tk id trùd tk laa, jỳ tk
dỳa, ku kt jỗj dj xỗj dk tkỵdk pkỗ tkbe ėÿdl pkầf va jỬg `ku vỷj ėý tkỀ,
dlkġg iỵ jkề lỚf jƾ mèd pka dýdl dlkaỌp, tkỵdk pkỗ iỵ fốt `kỗa `ẵt jẢu kầ tẬdl
tkỗdl dkẢt, `kýdl jkag jất, `kýdl jú `ku vỷj dýdl tkýd dặf tredl tkỵdk pkỗ,
jú rẢt ỉt tkỵdk pkỗ jú vđdl dleầa ý jkƾg ėý tkỀ kúg. Dkụdl tkỵdk pkỗ dkƾ vẦy
mđ jỷj iỐd jšdl jkề tkuốj fốt ėƧd vỀ kỵdk jkỉdk jẢp tdk kgy tau hgdl, ổt tkợdk

pk jỳ t jỗjk j iẦp, trỠ fốt
fốt sỗ ėẼj `ku tkỬ ėý ổ fốt sỗ dƾỐj.
8.2.7.@adk dlkaỌf ėẼj `ku kỵdk jkỉdk tầa Admedbsag
Ổ Admedbsag jšdl `kýdl jú tkỵdk pkỗ trỷj tkuốj trudl ƾƧdl fỵ jk jỳ jỗj
tdk, raùdl Og`grtg jỳ quy jk iợ tdk ėẼj `ku tkỬ ėý Og`grtg.
Sệ fẼt kỵdk jkỉdk, ėẼj `ku Og`grtg iỵ fốt ėƧd vỀ jẢp tềdk ėƾỪj pkèd tkỵdk
>2 tkỵdk pkỗ kgy dĊf `ku ėý tkỀ, lỚf ]rudl Og`grtg (Og`grtg ^usgt), Ğýdl
Og`grtg (Og`grtg ]afur), Hấj Og`grtg (Og`grtg Rtgrg), Dgf Og`grtg (Og`grtg
Zbigtgd), ]èy Og`grtg (Og`grtg Hgrgt) fỵ tkỷj jkẢt iỵ dĊf `ku ėý tkỀ tỷ quẪd
(taẵdl gdk lỆa iỵ Gmfadastrgtavb jatabs/fudajapgiatabs), dk jỗj qud jg jỗj
88




tkợdk pk `kỗj trùd tk laa jk `kýdl pka iợ tkỵdk pkỗ tkuốj tkỵdk pkỗ.
 Dla rg, ėẼj `ku Og`grtg jød jỳ kuyd Dlợd e. dl u h fỗy kợdk pkỗp
jg ėẼj `ku tkỬ ėý Og`grtg iỵ tềdk trƾổd
trƾổdl,
l, fỜa tkỵdk pkỗ tỷ quẪd tkuốj Og`grtg
ėƾỪj ėaệu kỵdk hổa fốt ]kỀ trƾổdl vỵ kuyỌd ėẪe ėƾỪj ėaệu kỵdk hổa KuyỌd
trƾổdl.
8.2.8.Fý kédk ėý tkỀ tầa DkẦt HẪd
]e`ye tkỷj jkẢt `kýdl pkẪa iỵ ft tkợdk pk fợ iợ ft prbcbjturb3,
jkổdk xỗj kd iợ ėẼj `ku tkỬ ėý kgy tềdk tkỬ ėý, tkỵdk pkỗ ]e`ye dặf tredl
ėẼj `ku dỵy. Me vẦy, vệ iư tkuyẵt, ]e`ye `kýdl pkẪa iỵ tkỵdk pkỗ dkƾ Kỵ Dốa
jỬg SaỌt Dgf, Hấj @adk ]rudl Wuỗj kgy Zbeui Kỵd Wuỗj, fỵ iỵ fốt ’quẬd tkỊ
ėý tkỀ‖ lỚf 8: `ku ėẼj haỌt, ėèy iỵ dkụdl `ku tỷ trỀ, fỜa `ku jú fốt tkỀ trƾổdl
vỵ fốt kốa ėỚdl rạdl vỵ jú jẢu trÿj jỬg fốt tkỵdk pkỗ. Dla 8: `ku ėẼj haỌt
dỵy, ]e`ye jød jú 83 taỊu tkỵdk pkỗ, 2 tkỀ trẢd vỵ ; iỵdl, fỜa pkèd `ku kỵdk

jkỉdk ėệu jú jkỉdk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl rạdl. ]e`ye ėƾỪj lỆa ėẬy ėỬ iỵ ’]e`ye
Fbtrepeias‖<.
8.2.:.Fý kédk ėý tkỀ dád tầa Dlg
]uy dkaïd, jšdl jú fốt sỗ dƾỐj jú tkỵdk pkỗ trỷj tkuốj trudl ƾƧdl, tƾƧdl
ėƾƧdl tềdk kgy taỊu hgdl dkƾ tkỬ ėý Fgtxjevg (tkỵdk pkỗ iỐd dkẢt vỵ ėýdl mèd
dkẢt jỬg jkèu Èu) vỵ tkỵdk pkỗ Zt. ^btbrshurl jỬg Iạd hgdl Dlg. Kga tkỵdk
 pkỗ trỷj tkuốj trudl ƾƧdl dỵy jỬg Iạd hgdl Dlg ėệu iỵ ý tk dỏd ;, jk lf
jỗj qud da tkợdk, `kýdl jỳ jỗj kuyd dýdl tkýd dlea tkợdk. Jkổdk vộ vy,
du kga tkỵdk pkỗ trỷj tkuốj trudl ƾƧdl dỵy jỬg Dlg fud tkợdk ip tkùf jỗj
qud fa tkộ pka j jkổdk pkỬ trudl ƾƧdl quyẵt ėỀdk hặdl vaỌj jất fốt pkẬd
maỌd tổjk jg jỗj tdk hge qugdk. Jkdl kd df 8>78, tkỵdk pkỗ Fgtxjevg iẦp
tkïf kga quẦd fỐa dkặf xèy mỷdl `ku ý tk va jỗj jkudl j jge tdl lăd
mèd jšdl dkƾ ma mỖa jƧ qugd jkỉdk pkỬ rg `kễa trudl tèf tkỵdk pkỗ vỵ kédk
tkỵdk `ku ėý tkỀ jýdl dlkỌ jge (tƾƧdl tỷ dkƾ pkỗ Ğýdl jỬg ]kƾỪdl KẪa) tké
 pkẪa jất fốt pkẬd maỌd tæjk jỬg tềdk Fgtxjevg (iỵ tềdk hge qugdk tkỵdk pkỗ
3 ’
 ’^rbcbjturb‖
^rbcbjturb‖ ėƾỪj mỀjk iỵ WuẦd

tkbe dluỚd tầa kttp?//trgtu.sekg.vd/majt/bdUvd/^rbcbjturb

< ’
 ’]e`ye
]e`ye Fbtrepeias‖ iỵ tïd ėẬy ėỬ jỬg tkỵdk pkỗ ]e`ye, DkẦt HẪd
; Ğý tkỀ dád (taẵdl Gdk? Jefpgjt Jaty) iỵ ėý tkỀ jú fẦt ėố ėỀdk jƾ jge, maỌd tổjk dk dùd jk yu pkỗt trad v

jkau jge vợ `kýdl lagd pkỉg trïd. Ğèy iỵ `ku vỷj jú rgdk laa rũ rợdl va jỗj `ku vj xudl qugdk vợ `kẪ dĊdl
tỷ judl jẢp ėẬy ėỬ mỀjk vỢ

8:

 

Fgtxjevg, tềdk dỵy jšdl ėê jú ėẵd 3= tkỵdk pkỗ jỗj iea). Kga qud fa jg
Fgtxjevg jỳ mad tổjk hdl td hố maỌd tỉjk jỬg tkỵdk pkỗ Fgtxjevg trƾỐj `ka
fổ rốdl.
8.2.=.Fý kédk `ku ėý tkỀ tầa ]rudl Wuỗj vỵ Kỵd Wuỗj
]redl `ka ėú, ]rudl Wuỗj vỵ SaỌt Dgf (vỵ fốt s ổt dj `kỗj) ia xỗj ip
jỗj tkợdk pk trj tkuj trudl dl (vợ j jỗj tk xờ, tk trd) vỐa pkẬd iịa iỵ
 pkẬd ėý tkỀ vỐa maỌd tỉjk rẢt
rẢt dkễ, jød pkẬd iỐd maỌd tỉjk jød iầa
iầa jỬg tkỵdk pk ia
iợ jỗj kuyd kgy `ku vj dýdl tkýd. Jkdl kầd, ]kỬ ėý Hấj @adk jú vđdl
dleầa ý vỵ dýdl tkýd rốdl iỐd.
Jú tkỊ dúa tkỵdk pkỗ ]kƾỪdl KẪa vỵ ^kỗ Ğýdl? ]kƾỪdl KẪa iỵ tkỵdk pkỗ
trỷj tkuốj trudl ƾƧdl jỬg ]rudl Wuỗj, iỵ tkỵdk pkỗ iỐd dkẢt ]rudl Wuỗj vệ
mèd sỗ vỵ iỵ tkỵdk pkỗ `kýdl hge lỚf vđdl dlea ý id dkt tk laa. Ze va
jỗj tkợdk pk `kỗj, pkd dýdl tkýd dlea tkợdk jg ]kdl Ka jk jú fốt
kuyỌd iỵ kuyỌd ėẪe Zđdl Fadk dặf ổ jỦg sýdl ]rƾỖdl Lagdl. Ğỗa vỐa ]kƾỪdl
KẪa ėaỊf ėẼj haỌt iỵ jú fốt `ku ėý tkỀ fỐa ėƾỪj tkỵdk iẦp tỠ 711:, tuy vẠd jkề
iỵ fốt quẦd dkƾdl iầa jú vga trứ rt id a va s pkỗt trad jg ]kợdk pkỗ ėú
iỵ ^kỗ Ğýdl.]rƾỐj ėú, `ku vỷj dỵy jkề iỵ fốt vñdl dýdl tkýd vỐa dkụdl ruốdl
iÿg. @Ị tỠ `ka ht u j pkỗt trad u dkdl df 711> - tkỖa ėaỊf jýdl hỗ
quy keầjk iẬd ėẬu taïd, ėẵd dgy ^kỗ Ğýdl ėê dỒa iïd dkƾ iỵ trudl tèf tỵa jkỉdk
vỵ tkƾƧdl fầa jỬg ]rudl Wuỗj. ]uy iỵ fốt quẦd dkƾdl ^kỗ Ğýdl jú maỌd tỉjk?
7.87>,= `f¸ vỐa mèd sỗ 2.211.3>> dlƾỖa, tỡj 7/2 maỌd tỉjk vỵ 7/2 mèd sỗ ]kdl
Ka. ^k ýdl iợ da t tr s jg jỗj tẦp ėd jýdl dlkỌ jge, iỵ ėẬu tỵu `adk
tẵ jỬg ]kƾỪdl KẪa vỵ jỬg ]rudl Wuỗj.
]kỬ ėý Zbeui vỵ `ku ėý tkỀ Lgdldgf? WuẦd Lgdldgf jú maỌd tæjk jkề :1,2

`f8, mèd sỗ 28<.3
28<.3=7
=7 dlƾỖa, dặf pkỉg dgf tkỵdk pkỗ Zbeui Kỵd Wuỗj, vỵ jđdl
vỐa Zbejke-lu vỵ Zedlpg-lu tkƾỖdl ėƾỪj lỆa jkudl iỵ `ku ’Lgdldgf‖ 1. Ğèy
iỵ `ku ėý tkỀ kaỌd ėầa, lu jú, trudl tèf tỵa jkỉdk, tkƾƧdl fầa jỬg Zbeui. ]uy
pkỗt trad sgu dkdl Lgdldgf tr tkợdk `ku ý tkỀ sẬf uẢt dkẢt Kỵd Wuỗj. ]uy
dkạd, Lgdldgf `kýdl pkẪa iỵ fốt tkỵdk pkỗ dặf rạdl haỌt fỵ jkề iỵ fốt quẦd
jỬg Zbeui.
1 Lgdldgf (Lagdl Dgf) kgy Lgdldgf hg

quẦd iỵ `ku vỷj jỬg hg "lu" (`ku, jkædk quyệd ėỀg pkƾƧdl) ổ Zbeui,
Kỵd Wuỗj, ėƾỪj lỆa rạdl iỵ Lgdldgf-lu, Zbejke-lu vỵ Zedlpg-lu vỵ tkƾỖdl lỆa jkudl iỵ "Lgdldgf".
Lgdldgf ėÿdl iỵ fốt ėỀg mgdk ]rudl-Kỵd jú dlkġg iỵ "pkỉg dgf jỬg mødl sýdl"

8=