Thực thi chính sách an sinh xã hội cho cộng đồng ngư dân các tỉnh bắc trung bộ hiện nay TT TIENG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
VINH UNIVERSITY
_____________________________

LE THI THANH HIEU

IMPLEMENTING OF SOCIAL SECURITY
POLICIES FOR FISHING COMMUNITIES IN
THE NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCES TODAY
Specialization: Political Science
Code: 9310201

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

Nghe An - 2021


This thesis has been completed at Vinh University

Supervisors:
1. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Viet Quang
2. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Van Đinh
Reviewer 1:

Reviewer 2:

Reviewer 3:

Thesis will be defended before the University-level Doctoral Thesis Evaluation
Council meeting at ………………………………………………………..
at …………. hour …… day…… month ……………….

The thesis can be found at:
- Information Center - Nguyen Thuc Hao Library, Vinh University,
- Vietnam National Library.


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A. INTRODUCTION
1. The urgency of the topic
Social security plays an important role in the socio-economic development strategy of
each country. Therefore, our Party and State always pay attention to, develop and perfect
policies to best support the people.
North Central is one of seven socio-economic regions of the country. All 6 provinces
in the North Central region have the east side facing the sea with a 700 km long coastal
road. Fishermen in the North Central provinces have been interested and supported by the
State with welfare policies. The implementation of the welfare policy has helped
fishermen feel secure to stick to the sea, stabilize their production and business life, reach
out to catch seafood, and protect the sovereignty of the country's territorial waters.
However, besides the achieved results, the process of implementing social security
policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces over the past time has
revealed limitations in many aspects: Some policies for fishermen are not really consistent
with local realities. The state management of fishing activities has gradually failed to meet
development requirements, and destructive fishing is still taking place. The decline of
aquatic resources, climate change, and environmental pollution are having a great impact
on both fishing and aquaculture activities, seriously affecting the health and life of the
fishing community. The awareness of the role and meaning of the social security policy
for the fishing community of many committees, authorities, officials, party members,
organizations, businesses and fishermen is not enough. The level of education of
fishermen is still low.
Therefore, objectively surveying the current situation of implementing social security

policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces, on that basis, provides
scientific arguments to effectively implement social security policies. more effective is
very necessary in the current context in the North Central region in particular and Vietnam
in general. Therefore, the author chooses the issue "Implementing of social security
policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces today" as the topic of
the PhD thesis, majoring in Politics.
2. Purposes and tasks of the reasearch
2.1. Research purposes
From the theoretical basis and the actual situation of implementing social security
policies for fishing communities in the North Central region, the thesis proposes views and
solutions to strengthen the implementation of social security policies for fishing
communities in the Northern Central provinces in the current period.


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2.2. Research tasks
To achieve the above purpose, the thesis focuses on solving the following tasks:
- Overview, evaluate the situation of domestic and foreign research on social security
policy and implementation of social security policy for fishing community.
- Research, systematize and supplement the theoretical framework on implementing
social security policies for fishing communities.
- Survey and evaluate the actual situation of implementing social security policies for
fishing communities in the North Central provinces over the past time.
- Proposing views and some solutions tostrengthen the implementation of social
security policy implementation for fishing communities in the North Central provinces in
the coming time.
3. Object and scope of the research
3.1. Research object
The research object of the thesis is the implementation of social security policy for
fishing communities in the North Central provinces.

3.2. Research scope
- Regarding the scope of the reseach: Theory and actual situation of implementing
social security policies for the specific group of fishermen in the North Central provinces.
- Regarding the spacial scale: The study was carried out in the area where the fishing
communities live in the North Central provinces: Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua
Thien Hue.
- Regarding the time scale: The research period is from 2016 to 2021.
4. Theoretical basis and research method of the thesis
4.1. Literature review
Applying the theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought;
viewpoints and lines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on social policy in general and
social security policy in particular.
4.2. Practical basis
The process of leadership and direction of the Party, the Government, the Prime
Minister and the Ministries, Departments and branches at the Central level, the direction
and implementation of the Party committees and authorities of the 04 North Central
provinces in the implementation of social security policy for the fishing community.
4.3. Research Methods
Applying the theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought;
viewpoints and lines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on social policy in general and
social security policy in particular.


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4.3.1. Theoretical research methods
- Method of classification and systematization of theory: The thesis uses this method to
conduct the selection and classification of documents according to needs.
- Historical method, historical study of the process of implementing social security
policies for the community in the North Central provinces through steps over time.
- Logical method

Using the logical method to discover the regularity and internal logic of the public
policy process; detect common and specific (specific) problems, the richness and diversity
in policy implementation.
- Methods of synthesis, analysis and statistics
Used to analyze the status of policy implementation, the results after implementing the
policy.
4.3.2. Practical research methods
- Methods of information collection
Collecting secondary information
This method is used in such contents as: building a theoretical framework for the
implementation of social security policy for fishermen.
Collect primary information to verify the authenticity of information sources obtained
by other methods.
4.3.3. Methods of processing information and data
The collected information and data will be processed using EXCEL software to meet
the necessary information for the research needs of the topic.
5. Research questions and research hypotheses
5.1. Research hypotheses
The implementation of the social security policy for the North Central Coast fishing
community has not yet achieved the desired results. Therefore, the North Central
provinces need to find out the causes and come up with scientific solutions, in line with
the current requirements in the specific conditions of the North Central region in order to
ensure the implementation of the social security policy and go into action. practical life.
5.2. Research questions
- Is the theoretical basis for the implementation of social security policies for fishing
communities in the North Central provinces complete?
- What is the current status of implementing social security policies for the North
Central Coast fishing community?
- Perspectives and solutions to strengthen the implementation of implementing social
security policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces in the coming

time


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6. New contributions of the thesis
6.1. Theoretical contributions
-Systematize and supplement a number of theoretical issues on the implementation of
the social security policy and the implementation model of the social security policy for
the fishing community in the current context of our country (Emergency support policy;
loan policy; capital to restore production, policies to support health insurance, support
tuition fees, policies on labor, employment, policies to restore and develop tourism).
- Analyzing and clarifying the characteristics of the implementation of social security
policies for the Vietnamese fishing community.
6.2. Empirical contributions
- The thesis evaluates and clarifies the process of implementing social security policies
for the fishing community; clarify achievements and limitations, point out the causes of
achievements, and limitations in policy implementation.
- Contributing to the successful implementation of Resolution 15-NQ/TW of the Fifth
Conference of the Central Executive Committee, term XI, on some social policy issues for
the 2012-2020 period; Resolution 36-NQ/TW of the Eighth Conference of the 12th
Central Executive Committee on the strategy of developing Vietnam's marine economy to
2030, with a vision to 2045.
7. The structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the
thesis content includes 4 chapters and 11 sections.


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B. CONTENTS
Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE TOPIC
1.1. Public policy studies
1.1.1. Researches of foreign authors on public policy
- Michael Howlett and M.Ramesh in “Public Policy Research: Policy Cycle and Policy
Subsystem” discussed many public policy concepts; policy cycle. Especially clarify the
contents of policy implementation: concepts, tools, influencing factors, implementation
methods and the appropriateness of the selection of tools for policy implementation. Basir
Chand in “Public Policy: Implememtation Approaches” compares two approaches to
public policy implementation, top-down and bottom-down. From there, other methods
such as structural methods, procedural methods, behavioral methods and political methods
are proposed by the author to be used to better understand the nature of the policy
implementation process. labour. Millicent Addo in “Externally Assisted Development
Projects in Africa: Implementation and Public Policy” has systemized approaches to
policy implementation. and clarified conditions and factors affecting policy
implementation such as political factors, economic factors, organizational factors...
1.1.2. Researches by domestic authors on public policy
The Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics "Learning about public policy
science" has mentioned the basic issues of the concept, structure and cycle of public
policy. Nguyen Huu Hai, Le Van Hoa "Outline of Public Policy" presented the concept,
function, meaning, principles, factors affecting public policy analysis; criteria in public
policy analysis. Le Van Dinh "Outline of Politics" presents the concept, characteristics and
cycle of public policy. These are documents that approach public policy issues from the
perspective of Politics: concerned with the role of the State in the implementation of
public policies in general and social policies in particular in order to ensure equity. society
in a socialist-oriented market economy. Cao Quoc Hoang - Nguyen Do Kien "Public
policy - theory and practice" presents policy science in general, public policy in particular
is a science that plays an important role in social functioning. Le Nhu Thanh - Le Van Hoa
“Planning and implementing public policy” presented an overview of public policy; public
policy making and public policy implementation.
In addition to the above-mentioned documents, there are also articles published in

journals addressing the concept, characteristics, public policy cycle and public policy
assessment - content, criteria of policy evaluation. Among them are: Le Chi Mai "Public
Policy", Nguyen Dang Thanh "Evaluation of Public Policy in Vietnam - Problems and
Solutions".
1.2. Works on social security policy, implementation of social security policy,
implementation of social security policy for fishing community
1.2.1. Group of research works on social security policy and implementation of
social security policy
1.2.1.1. Researches by foreign authors on social security, social security policy,
implementation of social security policy
Robert M. Ball "Social security today and tomorrow" (Social security today and


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tomorrow) has focused on research on the role of the state for the people in the face of
social risks and all the programs that Governments set out with the primary purpose of
helping people who are at risk of losing or reducing their income. John Dixon "Social
Security in Global Perspective" mentioned that the content of a country's social security is
to provide public remedies for the risks that are prescribed by law. people are entitled to
benefits including loss of income or inadequate income, cost support for dependents;
Social Security is only available to individuals and households who experience sudden
loss or decrease in their regular income. M.Grosh, C.Ninno, E.Tesliuc and A.Ouerghi “On
social protection and social promotion: Designing and implementing effective safety nets”
proposed the concept of medium social safety nets. used to economically support those
who fall from the top before they fall into poverty, while subsidizing or providing a
minimum income for those in poverty more often, for longer; Social security only includes
a system of social assistance policies that do not contribute and pay attention to the poor
and vulnerable people. At the same time, social security also stops at official activities of
the state without taking into account the role of the private sector and the market in
providing other social security services. Frederick A. Lazin, Hubert H. Humphrey Center,

Ben-Gurion “Policy Implementation and Social Welfare Binding” shows the influence of
the political system on the implementation of policies. The domestic policy of the country
thereby affects the implementation of social security policies when the authors have cited
this impact on the implementation of social welfare, education, and health policies. federal
housing policy and programs for low-income Americans. James Midgley "Basis of social
security in Asia: Mutual aid, micro-insurance and social security" is the first to study
comprehensively. mutual association activities and the microinsurance programs of Asian
associations where these are particularly well developed.
1.2.1.2. Researches by domestic authors on social security, social security policy,
implementation of social security policy
Tran Hoang Hai, Le Thi Thuy Huong "Social security legislation - experiences of some
countries towards Vietnam" have clarified the concept and role of social security
legislation of some countries such as Germany, Russia , the United States as well as a
fairly comprehensive overview of Vietnam's social security legal system.
Dinh Cong Tuan "EU social security system and lessons learned for Vietnam"
analyzed an overview of the European social security system as well as clarified needs and
challenges in reforming the social security system. European society, and at the same time,
points out the achievements, limitations and experiences in ensuring social security.
National Political Publishing House in collaboration with the Central Theoretical Council
"Challenges and solutions to sustainable social security policies for all in Vietnam and
Germany" the book collects articles presentations of leading scientists on social security of
Vietnam and Germany. The seminars contribute to drawing lessons for Vietnam today
when implementing social security from the German model of social security. Vu Van
Phuc "Social security in Vietnam towards 2020" mentioned general theoretical issues and
world experience on social security. The Social Protection Department under the Ministry
of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs "The system of social assistance policies" has
said that social assistance is a great undertaking, a great policy of the Party and State, with
great significance. important political, social, and economic significance, and at the same

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time is the foundation for social justice implementation, maintaining the socialist
orientation.
1.2.2. Group of research works on the implementation of social security policies for
fishing communities
Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong "Study on resources to improve livelihoods for fishermen in
the North Central Coast" analyzed the state management of policies on development,
exploitation of seafood, and support for fishermen. To improve the livelihoods of
fishermen, it is necessary to implement synchronously solutions to minimize negative
impacts from the vulnerable environment. Pham Van Dinh, Bui Thi Hoa “Some problems
pose to the livelihood of fishermen in the coastal area of Hai Phong city” according to the
authors, problems such as the decline of seafood resources, especially the coastal benefits,
conflicts in the East Sea, competition for fishing grounds... have been having a great
influence on the livelihoods of fishermen. The article focuses on analyzing, evaluating and
clarifying the current status of the livelihood resources of fishermen; the impact and
influence of the vulnerable environment on the livelihood of fishermen; implementation of
a number of policies to develop fisheries and support fishermen in Hai Phong city, thereby
offering solutions to help fishermen improve their livelihoods, create stable jobs, and raise
incomes. minimize risks and damage caused by a vulnerable environment. Bui Xuan Dinh
"Community in fishing activities of fishermen in the Central Coast" mentioned the
community in fishing activities, pointing out the cultural and social characteristics of the
communities. fisherman community, providing more scientific arguments for promoting
the positive aspects, overcoming some inadequacies in offshore fishing activities so that
fishermen can continue to stick to the sea and islands, develop the economy. family
economy, contributing to protecting the country's sovereignty over seas and islands.
Nguyen Ngoc Tuan "Sustainable development of coastal economic zones in the North
Central region" has given some status of development of coastal economic zones, from
which the author raises a number of problems in the development of coastal economic
zones. coastal economy to promote economic development of these regions. Nguyen
Hoang Ha "Orientation for the development of marine and island economy in the North

Central region to 2020, with a vision to 2030", the author has outlined Vietnam's marine
strategy to 2020, through which the author sets out the following objectives: general
development of the marine economy, orientation for the development of the sea and island
economy of the North Central region to 2020, with a vision to 2030, and propose some
basic solutions.
In addition to book and magazine publications; There are also articles and topics
printed in the conference proceedings, research topics on social security in the North
Central region: Tran Ngoc Ngoan "Sustainable development of rural areas in the North
Central region: Poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation" create jobs, protect land
resources" The study assessed the current situation of rural areas in the North Central
region of Vietnam from the perspective of implementing Vietnam's sustainable
development goals and implementing the Sustainable Development Goals. The
millennium that Vietnam has committed to, in the main areas: hunger eradication and
poverty alleviation, job creation, protection of land resources and biodiversity. Hoang
Phan Hai Yen "Economic development in the coastal strip Thanh - Nghe - Tinh" analyzed


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the theoretical and practical basis of economic development in the coastal strip, identified
criteria to assess the current state of economic development. in the coastal strip to apply in
the Thanh - Nghe - Tinh coastal strip, clarifying the strengths and limitations of the factors
affecting economic development in the Thanh - Nghe - Tinh coastal strip, finally the
author proposes Propose some solutions for economic development in the coastal strip of
Thanh - Nghe - Tinh until 2020, vision to 2030, in a new context.
1.3. Overview of main results of published works related to the topic and issues
that need further research
1.3.1. Overview of main results of published works related to the topic
Firstly, research works on public policy have mentioned the concept, role, structure,
content and cycle of a policy.
Secondly, the research works on social security policy, the system of social security

policy have presented the basic issues: Basic theory of social security policy and
experience of some countries, the role of the State in the implementation of social security
policies in Vietnam today, the current state of the system and the implementation of social
security policies in our country; directions and solutions for building and perfecting the
system of social security policies in Vietnam in the coming time.
Third, research works on social security in general and implementation of social
security policies for fishing communities have mentioned the basic contents of the social
security system such as: vocational training and social security. employment decisions;
poverty alleviation, social housing and low-income housing, livelihoods for coastal
fishermen, transformation in the structure of fishing occupations...
1.3.2. Issues that need further research
Firstly, systematize and build a theoretical framework on the implementation of social
security policies for the fishing community.
Secondly, survey and evaluate the actual situation of implementing social security
policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces.
Thirdly, develop solutions to strengthen the implementation of social security policies
for fishing communities in the North Central provinces
From these reasons, the PhD student has chosen the issue "Implementation of social
security policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces" as the topic of
his doctoral thesis, majoring in Politics.
Conclusion Chapter 1
The above research works help researchers clarify theoretical issues about public
policy, social security policy, and implementation of social security policy. At the same
time, realize the role of the State in the implementation of social security policy. The
published works have also helped researchers see solutions of the State in planning and
implementing public policies and social security policies.
However, there has not been a work analyzing the implementation of social security
policies, objectives, models and solutions for social security for fishing communities in the
North Central provinces. Therefore, the thesis: Implementing social security policies for
fishing communities in the North Central provinces currently has its own perspective and

does not overlap with published works.


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Chapter 2
THEORETICAL ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTATION SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY
FOR FISHING COMMUNITY
2.1. Social security and social security policy for the fishing community
2.1.1. Social Security
Social security is the guarantee of minimum income for all members of society
(individuals, families, communities) through a system of intervention policies of the State
to help members of society in the face of social problems. risks and negative impacts of
the economy, society and abnormal impacts of the environment in order to ensure the
material life and improve the spiritual life for the people, with particular focus on the
disadvantaged classes in the society. festival.
2.1.2. Concept and model of social security policy
2.1.2.1. The concept of social security policy
Social security policy is understood as a system of State policies to ensure a minimum
income for all members of society (individuals, families, communities) through the
intervention of the State to help support social security. members of society in the face of
risks and negative impacts of the economy and society and abnormal impacts of the
environment in order to ensure the material life and improve the spiritual life for the
people, in which focus on the disadvantaged class in society.
2.1.2.2. Model of social security policy in the world and in Vietnam
a) Model of social security policy in the world
Table 2.1: General model of social security system proposed by ESCAP
Level
System
Social risks
Target group

1. Health insurance
Sickness
All citizens
2. Retire
Old person
All citizens
- Occupational
LEVEL I (basic):
3. Occupational accident accident
Workers
insurance
- Occupational
Social insurance
disease
4. Unemployment
Unemployment
Workers
insurance
Creating temporary jobs
People who lost
Active in the public sector
their jobs
LEVEL II
support Vocational training
Unemployment
(unemployed
(secondary)
system Loans
people)
:

Social
Protection
Social Emergency, temporary
Poor
Poor; Unemployed
relief system
help
Source: “Building and perfecting the system of social security policies in Vietnam”,
National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2009


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b) Model of social security policy in Vietnam
This model includes four policy pillars as follows:
Firstly, the policy of job guarantee, income enhancement and poverty reduction.
Second, social insurance policy.
Third, social assistance policy
Fourth, basic social service policy
We believe that, at present, Vietnam needs to work towards perfecting the social
security model in the direction of multi-layered, diversified, flexible, inclusive, equitable,
sustainable and effective on the basis of inheriting and perfecting the model. . welfare
form.
The first layer is basic social security, ensuring minimum security for people, mainly
targeting vulnerable groups in terms of security, including children, the elderly, disabled
people with no income. import. the poor, the poor and the unemployed or underemployed.
At the second tier, social security is based on workers' mandatory or voluntary
contributions.
The third level is the voluntary social security of individuals and households who want
more social security to enjoy a higher welfare regime.
2.1.3. Some social security policies for the fishing community

- Concept of fishermen: Fishermen are people living in coastal provinces (cities
directly under the Central Government), districts (districts, towns, provincial cities),
communes (wards, townships) along the coast for their main livelihood. by exploiting,
processing, consuming and trading in seafood products.
-The concept of fisherman community: Fishermen community is a coastal community
that makes a living by exploiting, processing, consuming and trading in seafood products.
Their livelihoods depend mainly on the coastal ecosystem and are vulnerable when this
resource is reduced or depleted due to overexploitation or the ecosystem environment is
seriously threatened by environmental pollution. They have many social and cultural
aspects that distinguish them from other types of communities.
-Social security policy for the fishing community is a system of policies implemented
by the State and social forces to protect and ensure the safety of fishermen in case of risks
leading to income reduction or loss, ensuring stability, development and social justice.
-The system of social security policies for the fishing community includes a number of
basic policies as follows: Policy on lending capital to restore production; Employment
settlement policy; ensure income for fishermen; Social insurance policy; Supporting
policies; Basic social services.


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SOCIAL
INSURANCE

Figure 2.1: System of social security policies for fishing communuties
2.2. Implementation of social security policies and factors affecting the
implementation of social security policies for fishing communities
2.2.1. Organizing the implementation of social security policies for the fishing
community
The implementation of social security policies for the fishing community is the process

of implementing the system of social security policies into the life of the fishing
community by the tools and apparatus of the State in order to realize the following
objectives: prevent, reduce and overcome risks to the fishing community.


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2.2.2. The need to implement social security policies for the fishing community
Firstly, the State's role in performing the social management function.
Second, the State implements the social security policy in order to overcome the
limitations of the market economy.
Third, contribute to economic growth and social development.
Fourth, enjoying social security is a basic human right.
Fifth, towards a better future for the fishing community.
Sixth, the state implements the social security policy to meet the requirements of the
international integration process.
2.2.3. Subject and process of implementing social security policy for fishing
community
2.2.3.1. The subject of implementing social security policies for the fishing community
Ensuring the implementation of social security in Vietnam is an important and regular
task of the Party, the State, the whole political system and the whole society, in which the
State is the subject of policy making and at the same time also the the subject of policy
implementation.
2.2.3.2. The process of implementing social security policy for the fishing community
The implementation of social security policies for the fishing community may vary
based on the assignment of tasks, the scope of participation of the actors and beneficiaries
(fishers), but the process have the following steps:
Step 1: Formulate, make a plan to implement the policy
Step 2: Propagating and disseminating policy content
Step 3: Assign and coordinate policy implementation
Step 4: Maintain and adjust the policy

Step 5: Check, summarize and evaluate policy implementation
2.2.4. Factors affecting the implementation of social security policies for fishing
communities
2.2.4.1. The influence of the institutional and policy system
2.2.4.2. The influence of organizational structure
2.2.4.3. Influence of policy beneficiaries
2.2.4.4. Effects of the natural environment (storms, floods, droughts, climate change)
2.2.4.5. Challenges due to overexploitation of marine resources leading to depletion
and pollution of the marine environment


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Conclusion Chapter 2
The implementation of social security policies for the fishing community is the process
of implementing a system of legal policies, operational programs and measures of the
State to prevent, reduce and overcome risks, in order to improve the quality of life. high
social security for the fishing community; with specific policies such as employment and
loan policies; insurance policies, social assistance policies, basic social services... towards
the goal of leaving no one behind.
Chapter 2 has focused on clarifying the concept and model of social security policy for
the fishing community. The thesis has clearly determined that ensuring social security is
an important and regular task of the Party, the State, the whole political system and the
whole society, in which the State is both the subject of policy making and at the same
time. is the subject of policy implementation. The thesis analyzes in depth the
implementation process of social security policies for the fishing community, including
five steps: Developing, planning and organizing the implementation of the policy;
propagating and disseminating policy contents; assigning and coordinating policy
implementation; maintaining and adjusting the policy; checking, summarizing and
evaluating policy implementation. The thesis also clarified the factors affecting the
implementation of policies for the fishing community, from the policy institutional system,

the organizational apparatus to the policy beneficiaries, from the influence of the natural
environment. to overexploitation of marine resources and environmental pollution. These
are the basis and premise for assessing the actual situation of implementing social security
policies for the fishing community and determining the views and solutions to strengthen
the implementation of social security policies for the fishing communit of North Central
Provinces.


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Chapter 3
SITUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY
FOR THE FISHING COMMUNITY OF THE NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE
3.1. Overview of natural, socio-economic conditions affecting the implementation
of social security policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces
3.1.1. Natural, socio-economic conditions in the coastal areas of the North Central
provinces
3.1.1.1. Geographical location, natural conditions
North Central Coast has a coastline of 670km, winding with many capes, bays, bays
and peninsulas. The sea has many islands and archipelagos; Offshore, there are Hoang Sa
and Truong Sa archipelagoes, which have conditions to promote the integrated
development of the marine economy, which is of strategic significance in terms of security
and defense. However, the geographical location and natural conditions also cause
significant difficulties for people's daily life as well as production and business.
Therefore, the Government, Ministries, Departments, branches at the central level and
local authorities have come up with many solutions to improve the capacity of analysis
and planning to adapt to climate change and reduce disaster risks. ; ensure livelihoods and
adaptive capacity of vulnerable groups in the region.
3.1.1.2. Social and economic conditions
The North Central Coast region is located in seven economic zones of Vietnam.
Fishery is an industry that is focused on development and is becoming a key economic

sector of the provinces in the MPA. Fishery production of the region has increased steadily
over the years with an average increase of over 20,000 tons/year, mainly fish. The industry
is interested in investment and development with preferential loans for fishermen from the
State, fishing means increase in both quantity and capacity. .
- Population, society
The population of the North Central Coast coastal districts is large. However, in recent
years, there has been a migration from the coastal districts and islands to the mainland,
there has been a change in livelihood methods due to the perception of many risks.
seafaring workers.
3.1.2. Fishing community in the North Central region
Table 3.8: Demographic characteristics of fisherman households
TT Targets
Unit
Trung bình
1
Age of household head
Year old
48,48
2
Head of household education
Year
5,27
3
People
Person
4,71
4
Dependent on
Person
1,98

5
Labor
Person
2,75
6
Fishery labor
Person
1,85
Source: summary of NCS survey results


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Income of fisherman households
The survey results show that the structure of total income of fishing households in the
North Central provinces from nearshore fishing accounts for 42.96%. Next is non-fishery
income, accounting for 24.73% of the income structure. Offshore fishing, aquaculture and
non-fishing activities have a low proportion. Fishing households in the North Central
region still mainly have a purely fishery economy associated with offshore and near-shore
fishing activities, aquaculture and fisheries services mainly. The number of fisherman
households working in non-fishery fields is low. Non-fishery households are quite large,
but they only generate ¼ of household income. From the income structure, it also shows
that the seafood service sector in the North Central provinces has not developed strongly,
logistics services, purchasing and processing services are still weak; Many households
engage in fishery services mainly to sell their own fishery products.
Spending of fisherman households
The survey results show that the average expenditure of fisherman households in the
North Central region reaches 8.18 million VND/month. In which, expenditure on food and
health of family members averaged 5 million VND/month, accounting for 61.11% of total
household expenditure. Thus, with such a large expenditure, the problem of household
accumulation is very low, which also poses a challenge for investment and family

economic development in the future to improve income.
3.2. Implement social security policies for fishing communities in the North
Central provinces over the past time
3.2.1. Implement social security policies for fishing communities in the North
Central provinces according to the policy process
3.2.2.1. Emergency support policy
Implementing the policy of supporting fishermen, the Prime Minister issued Decision
No. 772/QD-TTg to provide emergency support to people in the affected provinces: Ha
Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue. due to the phenomenon of abnormal
death of seafood in order to promptly support stabilizing life, compensate for damage,
restore production and ensure long-term social security for fishermen in the provinces and
be amended and supplemented. in Decision No. 1138/QD-TTg dated June 25, 2016. To
implement the above decisions of the Government, the Ministry of Finance has provided
the rice support fund and emergency cash support to the provinces with a total value of
282.36 billion VND.
3.2.2.2. Results of payment of compensation and support for damage
About provision of funding for support payment and compensation for damage
In order to timely support fishermen and implement Decision No. 722/QD-TTg on
emergency support for fishermen in North Central provinces, the Prime Minister issued
Decision No. 1880/QD-TTg dated 29/05 September 2016 on the norms of compensation
for damage to people in the provinces and continued to be amended and supplemented in
Decision No. 309/QD-TTg dated March 9, 2017 as a basis for identifying target groups,


16
scope and method of calculating damage value for compensation and support for people
with a total value of VND 6,969.0 billion (Ha Tinh VND 1,932.8 billion, Quang Binh
VND 3,009,934 billion, Quang Tri 1,053, 5 billion VND and Thua Thien Hue 972.8
billion VND).
Results of payment of support and compensation for damage

Table 3.9: Results of payment of support and compensation by provinces
Unit: billion
Funds approved by
Provisional
Disbursed
TT
Province
the Provincial
Disbursement/ap
funding
funds
People's Committee
proval rate
1 Ha Tinh
1.932,8
1.748,1
1.722,7
98,7%
2 Quang Binh
3.009,9
2.784,8
2.735,3
98,2%
3 Quang Tri
1.053,5
1.017,1
1.004,9
98,8%
4 Thua Thien Hue
972,8

966,0
966,0
100%
Total
6.969,0
6.516,0
6.428,9
98,7%
3.2.2.3 Loan policy to restore production
Policies to support production recovery and job change
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has issued guiding documents to
restore production in aquaculture, fishing, salt production and food safety supervision in
the North Central provinces; mobilize fisheries surveillance ships to support and
coordinate with provinces to increase patrolling, monitoring and mobilizing fishermen not
to use bottom fishing activities in the 20-nautical-mile sea from Ha Tinh to Thua ThienHue. Thien Hue aims to protect and regenerate the aquatic resources of the bottom layer
and especially the aquatic ecosystem that has just been damaged and the area with young
aquatic products, and at the same time helps consumers feel secure in using the product.
seafood exploited in the waters of the North Central provinces.
In 2019, fishery production and fishermen's lives in the North Central provinces were
basically stable. Aquatic resources have recovered, many types of fish, shellfish...
reappeared. People actively stick to the sea, step by step converting from bottom-floor
mining to offshore fishing.
3.2.2.4. Policy to support health insurance and tuition support
Health insurance support
Following the direction of the Government, the Ministry of Health issued Document
No. 2054/BYT-ATTP on April 19, 2017 to the Chairman of the People's Committees of
the North Central provinces to urge and guide the implementation of the purchase of
insurance cards. health insurance for fishermen. The Ministry of Finance issued Document
No. 4689/BTC-HCSN dated January 23, 2018 guiding the support of health insurance
according to the provisions of Decision No. 2124/QD-TTg.

Tuition support
The Ministry of Education and Training has summarized and verified the need for
funding to support tuition fees for preschool children, high school students and university
students.


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3.2.3.5. Labor and employment policy
- Labor support policy
The Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs has directed businesses to send
workers from the North Central provinces to work in Taiwan, Korea, and Japan, focusing
on occupations: fishing boat crew, manufacturing and manufacturing. in industry and work
in health care services in nursing homes and nursing homes.
-Policies to support job creation
The Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs has directed localities to advise
on jobs, vocational training and related policies for tens of thousands of people; organize
dozens of vocational training classes for thousands of workers in rural and coastal areas.
3.2.3.6. Policy to restore and develop tourism
The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism has directed the implementation of
solutions to restore tourism activities in the North Central provinces. Funds from other
programs have been transferred to organize survey groups to stimulate domestic tourism,
provide practical information to tourists, and discuss solutions to overcome consequences
of environmental problems for tourists. with tourism; organizing tourism promotion
conferences calling for people, tourists and businesses to be interested in the North Central
Coast; organizing in Thailand and China programs to promote and introduce destinations
to the North Central provinces; organize professional training courses to improve the
quality of tourist services; introducing tourism information and images of the North
Central provinces in different languages on media channels, websites, at tourism fairs.
3.3. Evaluation of the implementation of social security policies for fishing
communities in the North Central provinces

3.3.1. The results of the implementation of the social security policy for the fishing
community in the North Central provinces and the causes
- These achievements
Firstly, the implementation of social security policies for fishing communities in the
North Central provinces has closely followed the direction of the whole political system
from the central to local levels. The North Central provinces have focused on directing the
development and implementation of the goal of stabilizing production and business life to
ensure social security for the fishing community. The roles and responsibilities of the
Steering Committee, Party committees at all levels directly lead, the administration of the
government and the coordination of ministries, departments, branches and mass
organizations of provinces, districts and communes are increasingly affirmed for with the
implementation of social security policies for fishing communities in the North Central
provinces and achieved specific results such as: emergency support policies, loans to
restore production, support for health insurance, support for school fees, support jobs,
ensure income, restore tourism development; the implementation of the Government's
support policies for fisherfolk suffering damage in a timely manner and to the right
subjects. The greatest success in the process of implementing social security policies for
the fishing community is gaining the people's favor and consensus in the society.
Second, the propaganda is rich and diverse in terms of content and ways of using
media through radio and television stations; through meetings of the neighborhood group
to widely propagate and mobilize the fishermen's undertakings and policies of the Party


18
and the State on social security policy, changing the awareness of the fishing community
to stabilize their lives and products. production and business, partly overcome the thought
of relying on the support policy of the State.
Third, investigation, survey and update of changes: Among the support policies, the
State Bank's policy directs credit institutions to actively review the loans of fishermen,
Damaged businesses to promptly take measures to remove difficulties and consider new

loans, this is considered a timely and effective support policy to help fishermen overcome
difficulties and stabilize production. export.
Fourth, what people are interested in and highly appreciate is that the implementation
of the above social security policies has really helped a part of fishermen when facing
difficulties to have the opportunity to rise up to stabilize production and business.
business.
Fifth, to well implement the health care support policy, the policy of tuition fee
exemption and reduction under the guidance of the Government, ministries and branches;
preferential credit policies for poor students.
Sixthly, the supervision and inspection to urge the implementation of social security
policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces is relatively good.
- The cause of the results achieved
Firstly, the above achievements are achieved thanks to the correct guidelines and the
close leadership and direction of the Party and State, all levels of Party committees; the
dynamic and creative management and administration of local authorities, branches and
related agencies; the close supervision of the People's Council, the smooth coordination of
the Front and mass organizations. Resolutions of the Party and policies of the State have
been received by Party committees and local authorities at all levels, studied, developed
and promulgated a number of policies suitable to their localities, supported by the majority
of fishermen. and do.
Secondly, policies to support fishermen in ensuring social security are implemented
timely and effectively to help fishermen feel secure in production and stabilize their lives.
Provincial governments have flexibly and creatively applied mechanisms and policies and
took advantage of the attention and support of the Central Government, ministries,
departments and branches; effectively exploit the potential, advantages and resources of
the locality, properly select and direct the effective implementation of major and
breakthrough issues in the organization and implementation; mobilize the synergy of the
great national unity bloc and take advantage of foreign resources to realize the goal of
sustainable social security. Social security policies, programs and plans have wide
coverage to meet the increasing demands of disadvantaged people in need of assistance;

ensure systematicity, balance, fairness, socialization and financial sustainability; ensure
the synchronization between policy making and implementation plans and areas of
application; ensure the rigor of policy implementation monitoring activities.
Thirdly, on the basis of the motto "community support", "socialization", the Fatherland
Front Committees and socio-political organizations of the provinces have been creative
and flexible in propaganda and campaigning. mobilize the people to implement and
support the guidelines and policies of the Party and government on social security: Many
movements, action programs, campaigns have been launched, along with typical models


19
of "young fishermen" Reaching out to sea", "uniting boats and ships", creating consensus,
participation and enthusiastic response of all classes of people, promoting the will to selfreliance and mastery among the people. contributing together with the government in
solving immediate urgent requirements is to support fishermen in stabilizing their life and
production.
3.3.2. Limitations of the process of implementing social security policies for fishing
communities in the North Central provinces and their causes
- Limit
Firstly, although social security policies for the North Central Coast fishing community
have been basically implemented, the material and spiritual life of fishermen is still
difficult, and the average income of the fishing community is still low. The level of
education of fishermen is still low, which is a great challenge for absorbing and grasping
new and modern technologies and accessing new production processes. Due to the low
level of education, fishermen do not fully understand the role of science and technology in
improving the efficiency of fishing and farming and have no need to innovate technology
or upgrade production means. A part of fishermen still do not have access to public
services such as access to health services as well as the State's investment in health
services in the North Central fishing community, although the number of establishments
grassroots health care has increased significantly, but grassroots medical staff, especially
at the district level in coastal areas are still lacking in number, weak in professional and

technical qualifications. The number of people participating in social insurance is low,
fishermen do not realize the role of social insurance. Infrastructure development
investment in coastal areas has not been synchronized, rural infrastructure associated with
environmental issues has not been paid attention and proper investment has greatly
affected the daily life of fishermen. population, increasing the risk of environmental
pollution and other social problems associated with rural areas where coastal fishing
communities live.
Second, the awareness of fishermen and policy enforcement officials is not consistent,
so social security is still considered merely as relief, assistance, and incentives... making
the mobilization of resources for the implementation of social security still difficult. limit.
Many goals of social security policies are not focused on in the social security policy
system. For example, in some areas such as health insurance, healthcare, education,
employment, etc. have not been performed well, so in recent years, the index of health
insurance participation index has increased in recent years. Fishermen ranked in the lowest
category. There are a number of other policies with insufficient funding, content not
attractive enough, not suitable for the actual situation of the locality, so people are not
interested in participating. The mobilization of social resources is still limited mainly
because the volunteer groups participating in sporadic support have not had a specific
plan, so they have not really brought into play the effectiveness of these resources.
Third, the coordination in providing and processing information in the first time is
limited, incomplete and timely due to the sensitive and complicated nature of the North
Central Coast.
Fourthly, the staff of public servants performing inspection and supervision functions
have received little training as well as training in inspection and supervision skills. If so,


20
they are usually guided on the operating process of inspection and supervision rather than
guiding the criteria and requirements of inspection and supervision, so the level of
participation and participation is effective. The results when doing this work are somewhat

limited. Meanwhile, the workforce of social security officers is thin in number, limited in
qualifications, lacking working facilities and frequently changing, leading to errors in
investigation, updating, and management. manage and deliver the policy to beneficiaries.
Fifth, a number of policies, guiding documents, and policies are inconsistent, causing
great difficulties for fishermen in accessing policies. The policies to support fishermen
have many shortcomings that make it difficult for fishermen to access, such as the loan
policy with many overlapping policy documents with the same object; transparency in
policy implementation by local authorities and officials has not been ensured, and fairness
in accessing policies in the fishing community has not been ensured; administrative
procedures are still complicated, discouraging fishermen from accessing policies.
- The cause of the limitations
There are many reasons leading to the ineffective implementation of the social security
policy for the fishing community in the North Central region, but in this thesis, the
researcher would like to introduce the factors affecting the implementation of the social
security policy for the fishing community. Through survey data, 320 managers at all levels
are given a score from 1 to 5, of which 5 is the strongest impact level.
The system of policies and laws has not developed evenly, has not created the strength
to regulate the economic development activities of the fishing community, which is rated
at a very high 85%, followed by the occupational infrastructure. fish rated at 80% level.
Regarding factors such as: The psychological habit of natural production and selfsufficiency of fishers is still heavy; Production of natural disasters, crop failure, epidemics,
and failure to respond in time due to severe weather effects; The acquisition and
application of science and technology by fishermen are still backward because their low
level of education is assessed at a high level. The remaining factors such as: Uneven
development among localities; The effects of the war's aftermath linger; High fertility due
to outdated customs, habits and lifestyle was assessed as average.
From the combined data of the research results of the PhD student, the reasons for the
limitation in the implementation of the social security policy for the fishing community in
the North Central provinces are:
First, the number of policies issued but did not study carefully the policies issued
earlier, making the latter overlap with the former; the promulgated policies are not suitable

with the customs and practices of the fishermen; Inadequate policy design. The inspection
and supervision of policy implementation in some places have not paid due attention, so
the limitations of policies in the process of implementation have not been noticed.
Second, policy propaganda and dissemination is still limited. The propaganda work to
raise people's awareness about the guidelines and policies of the Party and the State on the
implementation of the social security policy has not been active and effective. In addition,
many people are not fully aware of the importance of support policies, so they still show
dishonesty in declaring assets and income sources.
Third, the coordination is not really smooth among forces, between all levels of
government and specialized agencies, between State agencies and related organizations


21
and units... the appraisal procedure of Bank loans are often quite complicated and
cumbersome, so in general, the disbursement progress is slow.
Fourthly, the responsibility of relevant agencies and fishermen is not high, especially
the awareness of organizations and fishermen often only focus on economic benefits, pay
little attention to the issue of ensuring safety. defence security. Expectations and passivity
of both sides (local agencies and fishermen) are still many, in particular, lower-level
management agencies are still less active in proposing to supplement and improve
regulations and policies related to the field. I am in charge, mainly focusing on the
implementation of existing regulations; The majority of fishermen still rely on what is
supported by State policies but are less active in contributing.
Fifth, a part of newly recruited young cadres do not have much experience, meanwhile,
while the workload is increasing, the requirements to meet the growing reality are
increasing. cadres at the ward level also work part-time and change frequently, thus
affecting the policy implementation process. The qualifications and capacity of the staff in
implementing social security policies are still inadequate: they have not actively advised
leaders at all levels on specific solutions to utilize and promote capital resources according
to the conditions of the Central budget. central level.

Sixth, due to low awareness of fishermen, along with customs and habits that are less
friendly to the environment, lack of cooperation; The level of education is limited, making
it difficult to implement policies.
Seventh, the activities of solidarity groups and fisheries unions have not been strongly
deployed and lacked substance in the North Central region. Many fisheries unions and
solidarity groups have been established but have many forms, mainly to ensure the
necessary conditions to be able to enjoy state incentives such as fuel support, insurance,
etc. Due to household-scale fishing practices and traditional fishing methods, fishermen
have not had the habit of cooperating and sharing information on fishing activities such as
fishing grounds, policies, prices, etc. Fisheries unions have not yet promoted their role as a
bridge connecting fishermen with the authorities, unions and businesses...
Conclusion Chapter 3
The social security policy for the fishing community is organized and implemented
through the formulation, planning and implementation of the policy; propaganda and
dissemination of policy contents; maintain policy; Adjust policy; inspect, urge, summarize
and evaluate the implementation of the policy.
However, the implementation of social security policies for the fishing community still
reveals limitations such as: the material and spiritual life of fishermen is still difficult, the
average income of the fishing community is still low. awareness of fishermen and policy
enforcement officials is not consistent. The coordination in providing and processing
information is not complete and timely due to the sensitive and complex nature of the
North Central Coast. A number of policies, guiding documents, and policies are
inconsistent, causing great difficulties for fishermen in accessing policies.


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Chapter 4
ADVANCED VIEWS AND SOLUTIONS
TO STRENGTHEN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY POLICIE
FOR FISHING COMMUNITY IN THE NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCES

4.1. Forecasting advantages and disadvantages affecting the implementation of
social security policies for fishermen in the North Central provinces
4.1.1. Advantages for policy implementation for fishing communities in the North
Central provinces
International cooperation in the field of social security, ensuring for Vietnam to choose
a social security model suitable to the socio-economic characteristics, globalization and
integration process of Vietnam. creating conditions for our country to learn from other
countries' experiences in planning and implementing social security policies.
The financial policies to support fishermen are given in the Decisions and Decrees
issued by the State with the aim of: Accelerating the speed of building and upgrading
fishing boats and fishing logistics service ships. large engine capacity, reaching out to
exploit offshore; develop a synchronous fishery logistics service base to meet the set
demands; promote vocational training, transfer scientific and technological advances in
fishing, and at the same time contribute to the protection and development of aquatic
resources.
4.1.2. Difficulties affecting the implementation of social security policies for fishing
communities in the North Central provinces
The North Central Coast is one of the coastal areas, which often suffers from severe
impacts and consequences of natural disasters such as storms, floods, and droughts.
According to the Directorate of Fisheries, the Covid-19 epidemic is affecting all
aspects, the seafood market is facing many disadvantages, the consumption and circulation
stages of many markets are disrupted, the selling price of exploited products for
restaurants and businesses has been disrupted. exports were deeply reduced, directly
affecting the production efficiency of fishermen.
The application of science and technology to the fishing community - who has a
relatively low level of education, is a great difficulty for policy makers, requiring flexible
application for each suitable fisherman.
Security in the East Sea is increasingly complicated, causing great challenges and risks
to offshore fishing activities in the North Central region.
Industrial, service and agricultural production activities have seriously affected the

water environment in coastal river basins and coastal areas of the provinces, factors that
reduce coastal aquatic resources, and at the same time cause serious damage to the aquatic


23
environment. major risks to the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry in the
North Central region.
The quality of human resources of the North Central Coast fishing community is still
low, mainly at primary school and lower secondary school level, which is a big challenge
for absorbing new fishery production technology, improving fishery production methods,
participating in non-fishery activities.
4.2. Perspectives on strengthening the implementation of social security policies
for the North Central Coast fishing community
Firstly, the implementation of the social security policy for the North Central Coast
fishing community is based on the Party's viewpoint on the development of the social
security system.
Second, implementing social security policies for the North Central Coast fishing
community in association with marine economic development and ensuring national
defense and security at sea.
Third, implement social security policies for the North Central Coast fishing
community in association with exploitation, protection of natural resources and
environment, response to climate change and natural disaster prevention.
4.3. Groups of solutions to strengthen the implementation of social security
policies for fishing communities in the North Central provinces
4.3.1. Strengthening the implementation of social security policies for fishing
communities in the North Central provinces
4.3.2. Overcoming obstacles in the implementation of social security policies for
fishing communities in the North Central provinces
4.3.3. Improving the material and spiritual life of the North Central Coast fishing
community

Conclusion Chapter 4
The implementation of social security policies for fishing communities in the North
Central provinces should be organized based on the views and requirements associated
with local socio-economic conditions.
With the goal of strengthening the implementation of social security policies by 2025
and the following years, the thesis has researched and built a system of solutions based on
theory and practicality to strengthen the implementation of social security policies. social
security policy for fishing communities in the North Central provinces.