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Góp phần nghiên cứu hệ sinh thái đảo cò chi lăng nam nhằm định hướng phát triển du lịch sinh thái bền vững

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




















i hc Khoa hc T nhiên
Lu 



; Mã s: 60 42 60
ng dn: PGS.

 
o v: 2012




Abstract:   

, 







 ,   




Nam. 



  

 



  




 xut
 



  h 





 t hp v

 n. 

 c




 t s  

 



 .

Keywords: Sinh thái hc; Sinh thái hc rng; o Cò;   ; Du lch sinh

thái


Content
M U




























 845 

y 22/12/1995  79/2007/-


31/5/2007. 























 ,  

. 
















 , 
 .
 ()  , 



 , 


 (




 ), 



, 





 ,
 . 

 

 , 





 ,




 ,  .v 



 . 





, 
















, 











 .


 n, 

























 , 


, 





 . 



 
8/1989. 







 , 













 .  , 


 















































 . 







 . 



 
 (/ 









 ) 
 .
H i din tích 9,3 ha, thun Thanh Min tnh Hi
i qua thi gian vi nhiu bin c, h   sinh thái ngp
c và him có cng bng Sông Hng. H ng thc vt  phong phú vi nhiu
loái cá sinh sng,  Vit Nam 2007 
kình, cá ngnh, cá vn, cùng nhiu  c các loi (ch yu là cò, vc) tp trung v
o Cò thành mm du lch sinh a min Bc. M ,



















 ,
 . 





 







 












 




 15  (



 4/2011  6/2012),  ên






 các mc tiêu sau:

- X , 







 , 



.
- , 
























.
- 

 .
- 
























 .

1: 





.
1.1  
1.1.1 





?


, 
 :
 














 .
 















































.
 


































 
















.
  , 





















 , 











 .
1.1.2 Cha du lch
Du lch có nhiu ch khái quát thành 4 chi, kinh t,
sinh thái và chính tr.
m ca hong du lch
1.1.4 Các loi hình du lch



















1.2 Du lch sinh thái
1.2.1 
LOI HÌNH DU LCH

TRÁCH NHIM
DL S THÍCH THEO
Ý MUN
DL tham quan
DL sinh thái
DL vui chi,
gii trí
DL th thao
DL tìm hiu

cng ng
DL ngh dng
DL mo him
DL mua sm
DL l hi
DL cha bnh
DL thng mi,
công v
DL hi tho,
hi tr
















 , nguyên
, 


















; 















 (






















). 





 














; , 














 ; 

















 











1.2.2 
a . 
 







 








 
 












 



















 






 













b. 

1.3.1 Mi quan h gia DLST vi bo v ng sinh hc
1.3.2 Mi quan h gia DLST vi phát trin bn vng
1.3.3 Vài nét v DLST  n chim
1.4 





















1.4.1 







?
1.4.2 













 (HST)
1.5  - Nam
1.5.1 Ngun go Cò và h 

1.5.2 m tha h 
1.5.3 Vai trò cng, sinh thái
a. Cho tn và phát trin h sinh thái
b. Ch
1.5.4 Hin trng hong du lch  
u kin phc v tham quan du lch
(2) Hong qun lý DLST  

C 2: U
2.1 





















  , 



 , 




4 2011 

 6 2012. 








11 







 , 








 2-6 . 


































 42 . 








 ,  , 
n














 : 3 



 2
















 .
2.2 


:

 Tu1: 









.
 2: 



 , 



 .
 3: 













An D, 



 .
 :
 5: 



 , 



 .
 6: 



 , 

 .
2.3 





 


 , 


















 . 






















c
 . 













 




 .  , 


 (



 5h:00 8h:00 















 6h:00 9h:00 


 ) 














 








chim. 
















 11h:00 





 14h:00 
 . 

 













 

 .
2.3.2 




 , 




  ,
vv 

















.



























 




 . 
 , các cán b 













 ,
22 







 , (c )







 , 



 .  ,  , 





























 : , chim, 
2.3.3 


















  (Palmgren,
1930: Naumov, 1963, 1965: Segolov, 1977: Gaston, 1979 ). 








 ,




, , 

 , Stepannhan. L.S, 1987  
























Tây Nguyên.  , 







































 .








 (1987) 














 14 




 () 







 

.




























 . 









 




















 . 






 


.

























,  1 

. 









sau:
-  









 .
- 



















 , 
- -le-


- 



 ,  -le-xcop v .
2.3.4 













































































. 



 ,  5  , 2  , 2 
 1  . 











 , 













 .
2.3.5 








- 





 , 











2000 (Microsoft 2000). 






















 .
Da trên các tài liu và s lic thu thp tin hành vic la chn, tng
hp và phân tích các tài liu, s lin ni dung nghiên cu c tài.
2.3.6 





































 . 2.3.7 















 , 

















 , 










  .




, 



 , 

 - 
, 











  .

: 












3.1 u kin t nhiên, tình hình kinh t-xã hi ca khu vc nghiên cu
3.1.1 u kin t nhiên c
a. V a lý
 n Thanh Min, tnh H i khong 80km v
 H a lý 20
0

 Bc, 106
0

 
Phía Bc
Phía Nam giáp xã Diên Hng
-Thanh Giang
Phía Tây giáp huy

-

n Thanh Mic to
thành bt có thành phi t tht nh n tht
nghèo chng, tt canh tác m pH ct t 5,5-6,5.trong 
 (2)
a hình ci bng phng v cao tuyi t 0,9-2,5m.
c. m v khí hu
m trong khu vc trung tâm cng bng Sông H
y  a khí hu nhii gió mùa. Thi tic chia thành
bn mùa khá rõ rt: xuân, hnh, khô; mùa h nóng, m, nhi
bão.
(+) Nhi
 Hc mng nhit ln t mt trng bc x
tng ct quá 100Kcal/cm
2
  c x t quá 70Kcal/cm
2
 gi nng
t 1.600-1.800 gi trung bình ct 23,3
0

vi 8 tháng nhi trung bình
trên 20
0
C, tng nhi hong ca c 
0
C. Nhi 
23,3°C. Nhi gii khá ln. Tháng có nhi không khí cao
nht là tháng 7, trung bình là 29,1
0
C; nhi thp nht là tháng 1, trung bình là 16,1
0
C (bng 3).
Nhìn chung, ch  nhit  

 , tu kin thun li cho sinh hot và sn
xut ci dân

p trung t tháng 5 n tháng 10 t ít t tháng 11 n
tháng 4  .  m t 1.350-    
m t 80-
85%   nht là tháng 12, t
t giá tr ln nht
m dn vào cu








 11, tháng 12. Vào mùa
c này thoát xung h c trong lòng h dâng lên to
u king vc sinh sn và phát trin, cung cp ngun th




chim.
 m
  i trung bình  Hi      m l 
u trên 10 ngày. S chênh lch gia thi k m nht (tháng 3,4) vi thi k khô
nht quá 10%
(+) Ch  gió
Khu vc nghiên cu nm trong vùng khí hu nhii gió mu ng
ca hai loc thi t ng
không khí khô và li t n tháng 7, mang the Nhn xét:
Nhìn chung khí hu thi tit ca vùng khá thun li cho phát trin sn xut nông nghi
 khác.
d. Th
H thng thng và phong phú, gm nhiu sông ngòi, ao
h,
Sông ngòi gm có: Sông Cu An bt ngun t xã Tin Phong chy qua phía Tây ca xã
r vào sông Neo; phía Bn ngòi vn lc t Cng Tàu ch
lc t sông Cu An chy v, ngòi Dao lc t vc Tri

 c lc
t vc Hàng thôn.











 3.020,8m
2


 

  n tích mt
c 90.377,5m
2
và h Tri  n tích m c 43.890m
2
. Kênh ni gia h An
 Triu rp nht 4,5m.
m v kinh t-xã h
a. V phát trin kinh t
-2010), nn kinh t p tc phát trin, có
mng khá. Tng sn pht 55,275 t n so
v 2005, 

 t 10,185 triu
ng so vu kinh t chuyn dng tích cc NN-TTCN-TMDV t
65,4%-16,5%--20,45%- nông nghip,


T ng kinh t 
b. V -xã hi
ng
Tng dân s c phân b tc
th hin qua bng sau (bng 6).
c. Sn phm du lch
d. Khách du lch
e.Doanh thu du lch
3.2 
















3.2.1 















































 .  , 





















 . 










 
.












 [8] 



















 ,  















 (1)










 2008 [8] 
















 hêm 9 : Le hôi-

Tachybaptus ruficollis,  -Dupetor flavicolis,  -Botaurus stellaris,  -Anas
poecilorhyncha, 



 -Anser anser, -Pandion haliaetus,  -Kentupa
zeylonensis, 



-Pycnonotus aurigaster, 

-Gracula religiosa. 


 , 


 . 







 : Cu sen-Streptopelia orientalis,  -Fulica atra. 
 .

















 60 


28 , 12 

(7).
3.2.2 















 7  1 






















 :
a) 














Nam
Trong 12 







, 30  2  14 
 1  54,54% 



,  :  , ,  , 



,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , ,  ,
 ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  . 4 
(12,12%) 2  :  ,  ,  . 6 (18,18%) 3
 : , ,  ,  ,  , . 2 (6,06%)
4  , . 
(30,3%),
u loài chim quý v   
Vi s t trong nhn chim có s ng
ng so vn chim khác trong khu vc min Bc. S ng
o ln nh

 12 

  ng khong 12.050 cá th loài cò và 5.020 cá
th vc. Tháng 4 và tháng 5 là thi gian qun th o thp nht khong 8.000 cá th.
Nguyên nhân là do mt s u t tháng 2. Tri qua thi gian, 


  n, khai thác ba bãi, thc phá , 






  hãi và s ng cò gim sút. Hin nay, nh s nâng cao ý thc hiu bit ci dân
v ng mà   quan tâm chú ý,
bo v ca cng và chính quy
b) Thành phn các loài cá
H i ngun thy sinh vng sng ca nhiu

loài cá và thy sinh vc bit h có mt s loài sinh v





 : rái cá, ba
ba gai cá ngnh, cá vin, ,  . 



 






:
- B cá trích: cá lành canh,
- B cá chép: cá chép, cá dic, mè hoa, mè trng,  , trm c
cá thi
- B cá nheo: cá nheo, cá bò, cá trê
- B cá qu: cá qu
- B , cá bng
- B 
- B cá chch: cá chch lá tre
- Cá loài thy sn: Tôm, cua, c, ch, ba ba sông
Bên cnh ngun cá t i dân trong xã còn nuôi mt s  , vi sn
t khong 30 t

c) H thc v
o cò và xung quanh h An u loài thc vt trng, thc vt hoang di
cùng vi nhiu loài thc v

 i h và trên mc.
- Thc vt trng: gm các loi, nhãn, vi, xoài, i, cam,
táo ta, hng xiêm, quýt, trng gà, chanh. Các cây trng này không ch có giá tr kinh t mà còn là
ch  ca cò và vc.
- Thc vt hoang di: gm các loa d, cây xu h, rau
má, mng, cà gai, 

 , rau ng di, sung, dui, gáo, dành dành, rau du, c gà, c
mn trng cây hoang di này mc thành bi gn bc bit là b 
ca h.
- Thc vt trong lòng h và trên mc gm các lo
cây trang, bèo tm, bèo Nht Bn, bèo tây, rau ng
ng v thành phn loài chim gii các
n chim khác  Vit Nam
3. 3 













 4 



 : 



 , 
 ; 







 . 





, 









 ,  50 


 4 

 .
 . 





























 .






 















 4 





 (7).
3.4 

, 





















  . 




, 



















































 , 
. ,  ,  ,





, 

,  .
3.4.1 Le hôiTachybaptus ruficollis












 . , 










 .  , , 


. 
 
4. 

 5 









 . 

 7,
 . 



  , 




. 




















 . 






, rong, rêu.  5 

 , 













 30-35cm,  20-25 cm. 







 3-5 . 




 36x26 mm.  , 


. 






, 

 







. 














 . 
 19-26 y. 



 , 


















.  , 









 3-5 con. 









 11 87 con. 

 , 














, 














 . 



 (1963) , 






, 

 , 





 , 






 , . 
(1971), 









 5  7  10 
.
3.4.2 

Fulica atra






 . 

 















 . 






 ( 11)  . 




 16/11/2011  3/2012. 









 2, 









 96 con. 








 . 





ng 3/2012, 


 ,








 9 







 3/2012.










 . 2/2012 , 













 2 

 . 








 0,9 





 1kg. 








 90% 
 ,  , , 



 . 








 [13]
3.4.3 Hydrophasianus chirurgus
 .  , 









 2   4 

 1 2 










 .  . 





 16 27
con.   . 






 3/2012 45 con. 












 ,
 , 















. Theo S .Baker
(1929)  








 , 
















 . 






 4 

,  . 
 37,4x 26,6mm. 



 , 





 










sinh.
3.4.4  An as crecca
 .  , 
10 

 4  . 








  12/2011
150 con.  . 


















 . 













 , , 





 [12]
3.4.5  Asdeola bacchus
 , 





















 


 . 


 . 
. 

02 
 . 














, ,  [12]. 












 9  g 4  . 



 , 
, 





 ,  5-10 









 . 





 ,  . Ban



















 . 
 ,  2-5 

 , 
 .  












12/2011 1.100 con.
3.4.6  Egretta gazetta
 11 



 4
. 



  . 



25 - 45 con.  , 






 . 









 , 

























 . 





 03 








 . 




 (1971) [14] 















 . 































 ,  ,


































 .  










 1/2012, 550 con.
3.4.7 - Egretta alba

 ,  11 



 4 . 
 . 











, 



 ,
 . 








 




 . Khi bay,  . 




 . 














 2/2011 75 con.










































, tôm, .
3.4.8 



Ardea cinerea










 .  

10 

 3 . 


.  , 











, 
 .  , l


 ,  . 







 , 















 . 



 



 12/2011
70 con. 











 2011  2012 

20- 30 con. 



, 










,  . 

 

































 . Theo anh







 ( )  
20102011 







 35 



 , 6 







 . 







 2011  2012 





 .
3.5 



, 
 . 100% 





  . 















 27-87 

. 



 53% 







 , 47 %
 10% 





 . 












 g 9
3.5.1 




































 .  60  , 






  . , 



















 , 
. 





  2 



: 






 , 







 :
3.5.2 














  , 









 . 

 , 



 , 
 





 . 










 , 












 .






 34,7% 

























 . 




















 . 


































, 












, 











 . 




 9, 


 ,  72% 













 (, cua, ,) 
; 13%  . 






 . 




































 7  12,  










120kg/, 250-350kg/. 





 , 








 200kg/,  100kg/. 





hoach  , 












,  . 












  . 



tôi, 









 ,  






















 . 



 ,  ,
 : , 

,




,  











  , 



















 . 





















 .  












,  ,  , 



, 









 .














 m, 

























 . 





















 .


















 




. 




, 






 . 

, 

















 













 . 










ngan,  . 





















.




 

























 , 










 .  















. 


















 ,  , 





 . 


















 , 





















 .
3.5.3 









 , 



















 .












 , 












 ,








  . 
 .
3.6 



















3.6.1 























3.6.2 








a) 
b) 















 
c) 





























: KT LUN VÀ KIN NGH
4.1 Kt lun

1 









 60  28 , 12 







 . Trung
 1 , 





 2 . 










 15 . 












 (Ardeidae) 10 .
2 














 


 . 













 .
3 










 :  , 

 ,  , Vân Long ,


 ,  
, 



 / . 

























 .
4   , 








 12.  , 







 5000 .











 :  (Ardeola speciosa), 
 (Egretta gazetta),  (Bubulcus ibis),  (Egretta alba), 


(Egretta sacra), 



 ( Adrea cinerea).
5 













 , 













 







, 

, 

, 

.
6 




















 , 



















 .
4.2 




1. 





 





 , 











 . Do









































































 2  . 



 
 .
2. 





 , 















 
 , 

, 



 ; 








 , 

nguyên thiên nhiên , 













 .
3. 













 , 















 .
4. 









 , 









 





 .
5. 

























 .
6. 



  , 























 .
7. 











, 








 : 




 


















































 .

References
A. TÀI LIU TING VIT
1. 






, 









 ,  (.
), 







, , 2007.
2. 



, 



, Karen Phillipps, 


, 

 -, 2000.
3. Nguyn C, Xây dng mô hình qun Thanh Min tnh
H, D án GEF/SGP, 2006.
4. 

 ,  , 








, 1999.
5.   





, 





 ,  , 



, 

, , 2001.
6. 

 , , 



 , , 1988.
7. PhDu lch sinh thái nhng v lý lun và thc tin  Vit Nam, Nxb
Giáo dc, 2002.
8. Trn HNghiên cu thành phn loài chim và mt s m sinh thái hc ca các
c làm t tn, H
sinh h
9. Nguyn Quang M, Kt qu u nghiên cu du lch sinh thái  Vit Nam. Tuyn tâp báo
cáo hi tho v DLST và phát trin du lch bn vng  Vit Nam 4/1998.
10.  ,  , 

















, , 2006.
11. , 













, 

1, 








 ,
, 1971.
12. , 

- , 

1, 







 , i,
1975.
13. , 

- , 

2, 







 , ,

1981.
14. , 



, 



, 

, , 1995.
15. ,  ,  

2, 







 ,  ,
1995.
16. 



 ,
















 , 
, 47, tr. 48-51,1999.
17. 



 ,  ,  , 
291, tr. 48-51,1998.
18. 












 , , 




, 











,  

















, 2003  2004.
19. Tng cc Du lch Vit Nam, S ng cng cho phát trin du lch,
kt qu c c qung Vitài tr, 2005.
20. ng thwww.tnmthaiduong.gov.vn
21. 



,  , Lê Thông ,  , 

 , 






, 



 h.

22. , 



 ,  , 


, , 7, tr 24-26, 1996.
23. Nguyn Minh Tu, a lí du lch, Nxb TP H Chí Minh, 1999.
24. Trn Yêm, Nguyn Xuân Hi và nnk, Nghiên cu ô nhic h  o Cò, xã
n Thanh Min, tnh H, Tng, B Tài
ng, S 11 (73), tháng 6, 2009.
25. 

 , 


















 


 ( , 

 ,  ), 






 , 1994.
26. ,  , , 



,  

.
27. , 2010.
28. 

, 










, 1966.

B. TÀI LIU TING ANH
29. Benking, Martin vWoodcock, A Field Guide to the Birds of South-East Asia, William
Collin Sons and Co.Ltd.Glasgow, 1976.
30. Blarney, R.K, The Nature of Ecotourism, Occasional Paper 21, Bureau of Tourism
Research, Canberra, Autralia, 1995.
31. Boonsong Le Kagul and Philip D.Round, A Guide to the birds of Thailand, Saha Karn
Bhaet Co. Ltd.Bangkok, 1991.
32. Ceballos-Lascurain, Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland,
1996.
33. Commomwealth Department of Tourism, National-Tourism Strategy, Autralian
Government Publishing Service, Canberra, Australia, 1992.
34. Eagles PF.J.IW Cascagnette, Canadian Ecotourism: Who are they?, tourism recreation
research, vol.20, no1, pp22-28,1995.
35. Honey Martha, Ecotourism and sustainable development- Who owns paradise?, Island
Press, Washington, D.C, U.S.A, 1999.
36. M.G. Wells, World Bird Species Checklist: With Alternative English and Scientific names,
Worldlist, UK, 1998.

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