Góp phần nghiên cứu hệ sinh thái đảo Cò Chi Lăng Nam nhằm định hướng phát triển du lịch sinh thái bền vững


TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN






VŨ THỊ CHÂU





GÓP PHẦN NGHIÊN CỨU HỆ SINH THÁI
ĐẢO CÕ CHI LĂNG NAM NHẰM ĐỊNH HƢỚNG
PHÁT TRIỂN DU LỊCH SINH THÁI BỀN VỮNG

Chuyên ngành 
Mã s : 60 42 60




LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KHOA HỌC





Hà Nội – 2012
2


DANH MU
̣
C CA
́
C BA
̉
NG

1.  16
2.  31
 37
 38
 38
 39
7. 



 42
8. 












 50
9. 























 54
10. 




. 55
11. 


















. 65

3

DANH MU
̣
C CA
́
C HI
̀
NH

 7
 22
 26
 27
 36
 44
 46
8. Le hôi  Tachybaptus ruficollis 57
9.  Fulica atra 58
10.  Hydrophasianus chirurgus 59
11. 

 An as crecca 60
12.  Asdeola bacchus 61
13.  Egretta gazetta 62
14. - Egretta alba 63
15. D




  Ardea cinerea 64
4

DANH MU
̣
C CHƢ
̃
VIÊ
́
T TĂ
́
T

DLST: 




IUCN: 






HST : 





: 




5

MỤC LỤC





MỞ ĐẦU 1
CHƢƠNG 1. TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU 3
1.1  3
1.1.1 





? 3
 5
 5
 5
1.2  7
1.2.1  7
1.2.2  11
 

 20
 20
 21
1.3.3  22
1.4 



















 24
1.4.1 








? 24
1.4.2 











(HST) 24
1.5 -  25
1.5.1  25
1.5.2  26
1.5.3  28
1.5.4   29
6

CHƢƠNG 2. PHƢƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 31
2.1 



 31

2.2  32
2.3 



 32
2.3.1 









 32
2.3.2 

 33
2.3.3 
















 34
2.3.4 









 35
2.3.5 





 35
2.3.6 



 35

2.3.7 







 35
CHƢƠNG 3. KÊ
́
T QUA
̉
NGHIÊN CƢ
́
U VÀ BÀN LUẬN 36
3.1 - 36
 36
- 40
3.2 
















 49
3.2.1  49
3.2.2 













 50

 52
3. 3 












 54
3.4 

, 



















56

3.4.1 Le hôi  Tachybaptus ruficollis (hình 8) 57
3.4.2  Fulica atra (hình 9) 58
3.4.3  Hydrophasianus chirurgus (hình 10) 59
3.4.4  Anas crecca ( hình 11) 60
3.4.5  Asdeola bacchus (hình 12) 61
3.4.6  Egretta gazetta (hình 13) 62
3.4.7 

- Egretta alba (hình 14) 63
3.4.8 



 Ardea cinerea (hình 15) 64
7

3.5  65
3.5.1 



 65
3.5.2 Kha





 67
3.5.3 








, 

























. 69
3.6 



 70
3.6.1 


















70
3.6.2 








 72
CHƢƠNG 4 76
KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ 76
4.1  76
4.2 



76
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 78
PHỤ LỤC

1

MỞ ĐẦU

























d



 845 

22/12/1995  
79/2007/-

31/5/2007. 































, 
. 

















quan tâm,  







 
.
 () 



, 




,
 (



 ),




, 





 ,  . 




, 



, 




,  






 .v 












 . 





, 

















, 












.


,  


























, 



 , 






 . 






  8/1989. 

 






 , 





















 .  , 








 








































 . 







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









 . 

















  (/ 










 ) 
.
2

9,3 ha, 

c b 
  ,  
      2007   ng kình, cá ng  v 
nh  , 
 My, 




















nhiên,  . 













 
































 15 (

4/2011  6/2012),  


 



 
- X


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







 , 








 ,




.
- , 
























.
- 













 


.
- 

























Nam.









3

CHƢƠNG 1.
TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU

1.1 Khi niệm và cc nguyên tc du lịch sinh thi
1.1.1 





?














 , 


,  , 



















 . 





 









, . 
 , 






 . Tuy nhiên, 


























 . 



 (

, 

) 








, 



















. 









: ,















.


7].
               
 


 

 [7].


, 
:
 














.
4

 























 






.
 













 













 ,











.
 , 












 


















 , 











.
 , 


 (1966) [28] 





 
r

.  (











 ): 













 , 


















: N , xem d

 , 






, 


  (





 ): 












  h






 : N


nhiên, 









 , 










; 






















 ; 


, 








 







 : C
















.











 







 , 




























20/02/1999 : 

  








 , , 
. 9 , 56 ,  








1
 1999 





: T












  



, 





 , 







- 

, 







 -

, 




5








 (9, ). 



, 


















, .
1.1.2 


.
(1) 
- .
- .
- 
(2) 
- .
- .
- .
- .
(3) 
- .
-  
.
- 
(4) 
- 
.
- 
 .
1.1.3 
 
 [7]:
- 

6

              



- 
 
 và 

thng trình


- 
  


ã a

phong phú.
- 
u trú, vui ch
  

 
 [7].
1.1.4 
       
:
 

 [7] 



1.

7
















Hình 1. Cc loại hình du lịch

1.2 Du lịch sinh thi
1.2.1 




 ( Eco-tour, Ecotourism) 








 


 . 












(DLST) 















, , 









 
. 













































 ,  . 







?
Trong  

1980, 
 

 .  -








LOẠI HÌNH DU LỊCH
DL NGHĨA VỤ
TRÁCH NHIỆM
DL SỞ THÍCH THEO
Ý MUỐN
DL tham quan

DL sinh thái
DL vui chơi,
giải trí
DL thể thao
DL tìm hiểu
cộng đồng
DL nghỉ dƣỡng
DL mạo hiểm
DL mua sm
DL lễ hội
DL chữa bệnh
DL thƣơng mại,
công vụ
DL hội thảo,
hội trợ
8

































 (Mexico) l . 








 , 













( ) 
 . T, 































 , 























.





















.  , 







 - 













 , 













 . DLS






quan, 


















,   . 























 , 
 ,  , 













 , 











 


DLST .
M , 






nhiên, 










. 




 :
- 





  , 



















 . 












 
 



















. 






























.
- 



: 




































9

thu 










 
 . 

































 , 







 (






 o  ,    ),


 


. 











ma











 . 
 ()  .
- 






: L
 . 

 








 





 ; 

, 






























.
- 





: 

























 . 






























ng 










 . 












 

không 

















 [28]
- 

: T


























 .




















: 















 , 
















,  








.





















.  ,  
 , 







 ST.
10









 (International Ecotourism Society ) 


 DLST   D

















nhiên,  

















a 







.
 UCN (International Union
for Cosnervation of Nature), DLST 






















, 
 (












 - 










.
 (Australian
Commission on National Ecotourism Strategy) D

































  D




1999, 


































 DLST










. Theo Martha,

















 , 

, 


 ; 






















(

























). 



















; , 













 ; 
















































 [35]
, do p 

, 




































 . 

11














 [7]. Tuy nhiên, 




















. 







, 







 








nhiên, 
 ; 





















, 








.
1.2.2  ng



DLST

a 













 . Tuy nhiên, 














 

















: C , 

























. 























 









 , 





 , du
 .






 , 

















 . Trong khuôn 



, 






 .
Theo Martha, 














 7 






[35].
 

  : 













 , 














,  



 



 , , 



 . 



 







, 


. 









  





, 











, 
  . 
 ,  , 
12

 , 

,  , 








 . N












 ,


, 






  : C




 . 



 









, 





 



















 









 












 ; 






 


, ; 
















 .  , 
































.
 










 : 












 . 








, 

 









 (





 ), 








,  , 








 .






 
















.





   


 




, 


















 , 














, 
 . 








 

: 



; 




 


























 ; 










13















 
  , 
 , 












 .
 





 t  : DLST g






, 










 .

























: 








 ,  ,  ,
 















a du
. 



 



















 








.
 






















 :


, 










 




 







 ng quanh . 








 , 













 



, 

















 (



, 

,  ) 







 






. 





 , ,  , 











































 .  


 , 





























.


 , 














thôn, 
 

















.
 





 : DLST 



























 . Trong khi















 ,  , 






14

 











 









 









 . 

  , 

















 -
















 , 





















.
 , 








 









































. 


















 , 



















 






 

.
 














: 












































 . 





















 








, 



 . 

















,  
















 






.


   .








 , 














 . 
, 




















































. 







 













,  a nh
15

 -













  , theo nguyên
.

  (ANC) 








 , 

, 














 






  . , 




















ng, 




 








. 












: D

























 ? 








 







c ?

, 













 

: L


 













 ? 






















 7 




, 
















 , 


 





 . 



 , tuy 
































trên.
b) 
Theo Dowling (1998), 











 rong










. 




, 








10 -30%. Theo Rakthammachat (1993)  (1997) 


















 







DLST  

. 





 
nguyên     h , c




.  

, K





.
16

Tuy nhiê, 



 
 . 

,






, 



, 


 n tâm, 












 , 





 










.




 






  






, . 






, 







, 
 . 













 





 
, 



. T




 , 






 11  
1.
Bảng 1. Cc loại hình DLST cơ ba
̉
n ơ
̉
Viê
̣
t Nam
TT
Loại hình DLST
Khch du lịch
trong nƣơ
́
c
Khch du lịch
nƣơ
́
c ngoa
̀
i
1





X
X
2






X
X
3



X
X
4












X
X
5







X
6


X
7








X
8
Xem chim

X
9
(



)

X
X
10

X
X
11



X

12





X

17


Theo (2002) [7],  7,1 


du  (

300.000 1991 lên 2,14 




 2000) 




 7,5 (

1,5 

n 11,3 



). 








 , 









cao 





 , Singapore, 
Lan. 



 , 







 


 (ecotourisrs)  30%  50% 


. 






 







, 
 

















, K

K





[7].
  g, 








,  























. Tuy nhiên, DLST c
(









 

), 














n
 












xt. 



, c  

















 





 ,  .
Trong khi v 

 , Khu 


 






 


n



ông thôn, 








, , Sigapore

















 , 
 





  . 




 , V ia,  


































 , n


  











  



 . 


 ,  ên quan 






18

 , Ban q  , 


,  

,- 
.





  





 

.
Tuy nhiên, 



 





  






nhiên, 




 





 mang 

DLST 


. 

 (2000) [7], DLS



 d
:
  1


























. 









  ? C


,  , 


 DLST? 





t
Nam, 



 








 . 









 2000 [7] : 90% 








 (










 ên nhiên tiê








). 





















g, 





















, , 









 









 . 
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
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


 , 



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 
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
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
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
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
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

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.  
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
.
 2  . DLST


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
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
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
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
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
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 , 
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
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
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

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


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
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 . Tuy nhiên, 
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

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
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
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

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
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, 
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


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
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
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
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
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
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 . 
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
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