Báo cáo khoa học: Bàn thêm về giá trị của tum tiêu trong nền văn học Campuchia pptx

BAN THEM VE GIA
TRJ
CUA TUM TIEU
•
TRONG NEN VAN HOC CAMPUCHIA
NGUYEN SY
TUAN^*
C
au chuyen ve Tum Tieu
diia
theo
tam tham kich cd that xay ra vao
the ky XVI d vung Td-bdng Khd-mum,
thupc tinh Pray-veng. Tam tham kich nay
dupc
luu
truyen treng dan gian sud't nhieu
the ky sau de. Den cud'i the ky XIX, Ok-
nha Xdn-tha Mdc
diia
vao cau chuyen nay
viet thanh truyen thd Tum Tieu. NhUng
truyen thd nay ft dUdc biet den. Nam
1915,
Bc-tum Mat-the Xom
(1852-1932),
sU tru tri d chua Kdm Prau, huyen Xit-the
Kon-dal,
tfnh Pray-veng viet lai Tum
Tieu theo the thd Pia pram-pi (the 7
chU)'".

Ve cot truyen,
Tum
Tieu thupc loai
truyen phd bien giUa
nhUng
doi trai tai
gai sic gap nhau. ThUdng thi tinh yeu cua
hp
dii
gap nhieu
trie
trd, phai trai qua
nhieu gian truan, nhUng
cue'i
cung, tinh
yeu va
leng
chung thuy da la lieu thue'c
dieu ky giup he chien thang, dUdc hanh
phuc vien man. Day la me tip phd bien d
nhieu
nUdc
treng khu vUc. Tuy nhien,
Tum Tieu cd nhUng khac biet rat
16n.
Tum
va Tieu yeu nhau say dim. Mdi tinh manh
bet cua hp da lay chuyen
dUdc:
vua

Ria-
mia, ngUdi vd'n cung rat yeu men va
muen
Tieu trd thanh hoang hau. Vua
Ria-mia
cho phep hai ngUdi dUdc lam dam
cUdi.
NhUng tinh yeu
ciia
hp hi ba Phan, me cua
Tieu ca'u ket vdi
bo'con
Or-chun, mpt vien
quan trong vung,
ngan
can. Tum bi bpn hp
lap mUu sat hai ngay trong ngay
cUdi
cua
Tieu va Mdn Ngudn - cdn trai
ciia
Or-
chun (ba Phan da
lUa
gat va ep bupc Tieu
phai la'y Mdn Ngudn). Tha'y ngUdi yeu bi
giet, Tieu ciing tU van theo. No, ngUdi hau
gai cua Tieu ciing quyen sinh thee chit.
Hay tin Tum hi giet hai va nang Tieu vi
dau khd ma chet thee, nha vua ndi gian,

ra lenh bat
bo
con Or-chun va ba
Phan'
chon sd'ng, dung bUa bUa qua cd, toan bp
dan lang Td-bong Khd-mum,
nhUng
ngUdi
khdng lien can ciing bi bat lam no le. Vi
ket
cue
bi tham nay ma nhieu ngUdi da gpi
Tum
Tieu
la mpt Romeo va Juliet
ciia
dat
nUdc Chua thap.
Bi kich Tum Tieu chUa dUng treng dd
nhUng
van de gi da tUng la cau hei dUdc
dat ra tU hang thap nien qua
tU
khi nd
ra ddi.
O Campuchia, Tum
Tieu
da nhan dUdc
nhUng danh gia, khen che khac nhau.
NhUng ngUdi dUng tren quan diem nhan

van
thi cam theng va chia se ndi dau cua
hai con ngUdi tre tudi. NhUng ngUdi khac,
nhu Ok Xa-mon, lai phan xet Tum Tieu
dudi nhan quan cua luan ly truyen thd'ng
va dao dUc Phat giao. Ok Xa-mdn cho
rang, trong cau chuyen nay, ca ba ngUdi
TS.
Nguyin Sy Tuan, Vien Nghien
ciiu
Dong Nam A
12
Nghien cim Ddng Nam A
5/2010
ba Phan, Tum, Tieu deu sai. "Ba Phan la
ngUdi me tham lam, coi, tien bac, cua cai,
dia vi, quyen
luc.la
nguon goc cua hanh
phuc".
Tieu la "con gai nhUng lai trai ldi
bd' me", da "tU bd dad dUc, nen nep truyen
tho'ng" de "chay theo sU khoai lac" ("vUa
nghe ldi, tha'y mat da yeu ngay"). Dac
biet, tac gia da "danh" chd Tum ldi phe
phan gay git nha't. Thee tac gia, Tum la
ngUdi "da theo
eifa
Phat nhUng khdng
vupt qua dupc cam do cua

nhue
due,
la
ngUdi da tU bd mpi dao dUc, pham
each,
quen dn quen tpi, quen ca hd then de
chay theo tieng gpi cua tinh
yeu"'->.
Rd
rang, theo tac gia, tat ca bpn hp deu mang
tpi tham, san, si cua dao dUc Phat giao.
0 Viet Nam, Tum Tieu cung dUdc cac
nha nghien cUu don nhan vdi mot thai dp
tran trpng, khach quan. Tuy
sac
thai c6
khac nhau, nhUng tUu trung, cac nha
nghien cUu, trong do co ngUdi viet bai nay,
cho rang Tum Tieu la ban tinh ca tham
dam nudc mit, ca ngdi nhiing khat vpng
tu dd yeu dUdng, rpng ra la tU dd dinh
ddat hanh phuc ca nhan; la ban cao trang
khong the danh thep hdn te' cad che dp
chuyen che, met che dp ma d dd tieng ndi
cua ke theng tri la chan ly, la tieng ndi
tuyet dei''". NhUng y kien danh gia tren
day, du it hay nhieu, deu chUa dung
nhUng hat nhan hdp ly cua nd, tuy thee
"che dUng" cua mdi ngUdi. Dudi day,
chung tdi chi ban them mpt vai khia canh

ve gia tri cua Tum Tieu trong nen van hpc
Campuchia nhUng nam dau the ky XX.
1.
Cai thien va cai ac. Cd le hiem cd mot
tac pham nao ma tac gia cua no da danh
den bon trang de thuyet giang cho muc
dfch sang tac cua minh nhu Tum Tieu.
Theo Bo-tum Mat-the Xom, con ngUdi
sinh ra da la khd dau (ddi la be khd),
nhUng Cdn ngUdi cung cd the hoan toan
tranh difdc mpi khd dau, thoat dUdc mpi
benh tat neu nhu hp dUdc che chd, dUdc an
nap dudi bong cua cac dang uy vu be tren
nhu cha me. sU thiy, ton giao va cad hdn
nUa la mat trang, mat trdi Khdng chi la
ldi giao dau (qua ldi tUa), tU tudng nay cdn
dupc tai khang dinh qua ldi ket
ciia
tac
pham:
"Hdi tat ca thien nam tin nii
Sinh lam ngUdi hpc chU ma xem
Le thUdng qua bao la nhan hpc
Tu tri, tu tam ay phai ren".
"Tuyen ngdn" cua Bo-tum Mat-the
Xom cung gan giong vdi Nguyen Du doi
v6i Truyen Kieu, mac dau muc dfch cua
hai tac gia co khac nhau. Neu nhu
Nguyen Du lam cho ngUdi ta hieu ring
eng cd

xiiy
cho thuyet "tai menh tUdng dd"
("chu tai chu menh
khee
la ghet nhau")
thi Xom true tie'p hdn, khuyen cen ngUdi
hay tranh xa "luyen ai nam nii" de tap
trung vad viec "tu
tri,
tu tam". Cd the, khi
dUa ra ldi khuyen nay, Bd-tum Mat-the
Xdm da man cam tha'y tru6c-du cdn rat
mdng manh - nguy cd lam xdi mdn dan
dUc Phat giad trudc sU "nga'p nghe" cua
van
hoa Tay phUdng d Campuchia nhUng
nam
dau the ky XX. NhUng dieu dang nei
trong "tuyen ngdn" (ca triic tiep va ca gian
tiep) nay la, mot mat tac gia bao ve dao
dUc Phat giao (cho'ng lai tham, san, si),
mat khac tac gia lai ddng loa vdi cai ac
(mac
dii
cdt de giii dudc dao difc Phat
giao).
Viec sat hai ca ba ngUdi Or-chun,
Mdn Nguon, ba Phan bing hinh thUc chon
sdng, dung trau biia len cd, ddng thdi bit
toan bp dan lang Td-bong Khd-mum vd tpi

lam nd le, du nhin nhan d gdc dp nad va
bing ba't cU ly dd gi thi ciing la mpt tdi ac.
Tri tdi nhUng ke gay ra dieu ac bing
met
hanh dpng khong the ac hdn cung la mpt
Nguyen
SyTiid'n
- Bdn them ve gid
tri ciia
Tum Tieu trong nen van hoc
13
tpi ac, chang the bien minh. The nhUng
tac gia lai
cd^
tinh nhin nhan nd d mdt gdc
dp khac: lam dieu ac nhan danh cai thien:
Mucn dan tha'y luat hinh nghiem ngat
Bao nhau song lay dUc cho toan
Chd hpc thoi bat nhan bac ac
Ludi gUdm kia chang ket tpi oan.
Hdn the, tac gia con bien minh them
rang dd ddn gian la "vi nudc vi dan":
"NgUdi vi
nUdc
vi dan tri
nUdc
/ Luat mUdi
dieu nghien cUu them sau". Nhu
the
ma

tac gia van che rang "DUc vua trd ve kinh
de cu / Tri tue van cae dUc van day" (!).
Khdng, bat ky ai, du bat ky ly do gi, bat
ky dUng tren quan niem dao dUc nao
(quan niem dao dUc Phat giao lai cang
khong) cung khdng the ddng tinh ve quan
niem cung nhu muc dich sang tac nhu vay
cua tac gia (mac du
nam
mUdi
nam
sau,
quan niem nay lai dUdc Ok Xa-mon chia
se qua viec tha bdng cho nhUng hanh dpng
tan bad
ciia
vua Ria-mia qua cdng trinh
Nghien ciiu Tum Tieu (tai lieu da
dan)''*'.
NhUng neu chi nhu vay ce le Tum Tieu
da
kheng
dUdc nhan dan Campuchia yeu
men va danh gia cae den vay suot may
chuc
nam
qua, ke tU khi nd ra ddi (1915).
Bdi le, "tuyen ngdn" la vay, nhUng dieu
ling dpng trdng ldng dpc gia khdng phai la
thU triet ly mang dam sic mau Phat giad,

khd cUng. Hp se quen ngay nhUng thuyet
giang luan ly nay de de'n hien thiic sdng
dcng khi dpc
nhUng
cau thd day hinh anh
va bieu cam:
Ldi Tieu lap treng riing hdn dim
Tdc em day may tham bdng benh
Mdi em nd ndng nan hda trai
NgUc em tran len ca mei
anh"^'.
Va ngUdi dpc chi con tha'y vi mot sac
dep me hdn cua nang Tieu ma vi no, Tum,
mpt chang trai dang nap bdng
eifa
Phat
da dUt ad ra di, bd lai sau
lUng
minh canh
eifa
chua ngan nam quyen ru. NgUdi dpc
cung tha'y rat ro vi tinh yeu ma Tieu, mdt
Cd gai doan trang hien thuc dam bd ngoai
tai nhUng ldi ran day
ciia
me cha vdn day
quyen uy de chay theo tie'ng gpi tinh yeu.
Cae hdn, vi tinh yeu ma Tieu dam lieu
linh
budc qua ngUdng

eifa
cua tap tuc
khat khe ve than phan ngUdi con gai de tU
nguyen trao tang, dang hien sU trang
trong
ciia
minh cho y trung nhan. Trong
hoan canh ngat ngheo dd tinh yeu hien ra
va vUdt len thanh mpt phep nhiem mau
giup hp cd them sUc manh, cd du can dam
de thd 16 md'i tinh cua minh tru6c vi vua
t6'i thupng, quyen uy ma khdng sd phep
nu6c.
Trong cupc d6'i dien cam go, nghiet
nga nay tinh yeu hay chinh xac la sUc
manh tinh yeu da chien thang. Vdi hanh
dpng ddng y cho Tieu trd thanh vd
ciia
Tum
(chU
kh6ng phai trd thanh Hdang
hau cua minh), chinh vua Ria-mia da
thUa nhan
sii
chien thing cua sUc manh
tinh yeu chan chinh. Nhu vay, c6 the ndi,
tinh yeu da thing, khat vpng
tii
de yeu
dUdng da thing. Thing

giad
ly nha Phat,
thing phdng tuc, tap quan, thang quyen
lUc
cua cha me, thing quyen
lUc
toi
thupng cua nha vua. Ndi mpt each tdng
quat thi tinh yeu da thang ca than quyen
va the quyen. De m6i la cai thien dfch
thuc - "thien
can
d tai ldng ta". Va ngay ca
cai chet cua Tieu ben canh Tum khi chang
bi sat hai cung la
sii
chien thing cua tinh
yeu. Tinh yeu da chien thang nei sd hai
(bing cai chet, Tieu se dUdc s6'ng ben canh
Tum mai mai). Vdi Tum Tieu, sU ling
dpng trong long dpc gia chinh la qua trinh
hanh dpng co y thUc cua hinh tUdng nhan
vat, nd phan anh quy luat cua sU van
dpng kh6ng
ngUng
cua con ngUdi va xa
14
Nghien ciiu Ddng Nam A 5/2010
hdi.
Chfnh vi the, cai chet cua Tum va

Tieu kheng phai la sU ket thuc ma chinh
la sU khdi dau, nd khdi gdi bad nhieu van
de,
bad nhieu cau hdi: tinh yeu hay cua
cai,
bao
lUc
hay tU do; ve bao
moi
quan he:
b6'
me va con cai, gia dinh va xa hpi, cai cu
va cai mdi , nhUng van de
chi
co the dUdc
dat ra va giai quyet "rot rao" trong van
chUdng hien dai. Va nhu vay co the ndi,
vdi Tum Tieu, Truyen thd Campuchia da
phat trien thee chieu hudng giai phdng
van hpc ra khdi cac muc dich phi
van
hpc
- muc dich giao ly (ta't nhien la dan dan
va chua triet de) de tiem can vdi nen van
hpc hien dai.
2.
Budc tien mdi ve
tinh
hien thuc
trong Truyen thd. Vdi Tum Tieu, Truyen

thd Campuchia da di dUdc mpt budc tien
dai tu the gidi than linh de'n the gidi cua
loai ngUdi va tU the gidi ngUdi vdi tU each
la
Idai
den cen ngUdi ca the, c6 ddi sd'ng va
quan he rieng
ciia
nd. Ve van de nay,
chung ta tha'y, tU Truyen thd dau tien
mang ten "Ld-b6c Angkor Voat" (1609),
cac truyen
Banh-nhg-xa
Xe-ra-xa, Pre Xa-
mut cua
Ok-nha Khd-leng
Nong (dau the
ky
XVII 1)
den Truyen Ndng Ca-cdy cua
Ang Uudng (1815), cac nhan vat chinh
deu la cac vi than linh day quyen phep.
Den truyen M6-ra-na Mia-da cua Thom
Banh-nha Uk (1877) thi con ngUdi da
dong vai tro nhan vat trung
tam**''.
Mac
dau vay, "con ngUdi" trong truyen nay chi
mdi dUdc "cha'm pha" b mUc dp "loai".
Nhung den Tum Tieu, con ngudi mdi

dUdc
khac hpa mpt
each
kha ro net. NhUng
nhan vat chinh nhU Turn, Tieu khong con
la con ngUdi "nha't phien" ma la con ngUdi
CO
ddi sdng npi tam phong phu, phUc tap,
bi giing xe, chia se giUa mpt ben la bdn
phan lam con, lam phat tif, than dan ,
vdi mpt ben la khat vpng, la tieng gpi cua
tinh yeu
Va, ciing c6 the noi ring, vdi Tum
Tieu, the gidi ky ao ndi thUdng gidi hay
nhUng dia danh xa x6i tan xU sd an Dp da
dUdc thay the bang nhUng ten dat, ten
lang, ten chua than thupc, gan gui, vdi
nhUng con ngUdi cu the. Hdn the, Tum
Tieu cung bat dau hudng tdi mot xa hpi
hien thuc, vdi day ray cam bay; vdi tat ca
dac tinh thien - ac, ngay - gian - tham lan
Ipn;
vdi day du mpi loai ngUdi, tU binh
dan de'n quy tpc, vua quan, tU t6n giao den
the tuc v.v
3.
Su
each
tan ve ngon ngii. Vdi Tum
Tieu Truyen thd Campuchia da c6 budc

phat trien theo
hUdng tU
ngon ngii mang
phong each "bac hoc" (Sangskrit,
Pa-li)
chuyen sang ngon Khmer, mpc mac, gan
gui vdi dan chung "binh dan". Dac biet, la
mdt nha sU nhUng tac gia da sif dung mpt
ngdn ngU rat tran tuc va tUdi rdi cupc ddi.
Tuy d6i luc nhu6'm mau nhue
due
nhUng
phai ndi rang Xom da m6 ta moi tinh cua
Tum va Tieu het sUc s6ng dpng va tran
day sUc sdng. NhUng cau thd sau day mac
du dUdc chuyen sang Viet ngU rat hay
nhung cung chUa lot ta
dUdc
tinh than
nguyen ban: Tum sung
sUdng
pha niem sd
hai / Gat Tum ra mat lanh trach chang /
Rifng mdn mdn kia ai nd pha / Ma phan,
ngiic
day, tay dUa
ngang*'".
Cai hay trong
each
mieu ta khong chi

la ndi mpt ndi
each
manh bad pha chut
mau sic tu nhien chu nghia ma con the
hien trong
each .sif
dung ngon tif mot
each
phii
hdp, dac biet la trong each
.so
sanh vf
von. Nhieu
ngUdi
thich doan do'i dap giiia
Tum va Tieu, trong do tac gia mieu ta tinh
yeu cua do'i trai tai gai sic nay d tam voc
vu tru (mpt each so sanh quen thupc trong
van
hpc phUdng Dong): "Tieu ring than
Nguyen
SyTud'n
- Bdn them ve gid tri
ciia
Tum Tieu trong nen vdn hoc
15
em nhu sao trdi / Con anh yeu quy nhU
mat trang / Sao mpc rai rac khap bau trdi
/ Vay quanh mat trang khdng xa vdi".
Nhung thudng thi tac gia sif dung 16'i so

sanh cu the, gan giii: "Than anh nhu sU tif
/ Con em khac nao hang da / Su tif dUdc
ndi d tdt / Chang bad gid lai muon rdi ra".
Hdac:
"Anh nhu cdn vdi / Em khac nad
cay mia / Dudc mat ngpt chang chiu ddi
chan / Voi co bao gid bd mia ". Con ndi ve
n6i budn rau cua Tieu khi phai xa Tum,
thi:
"ThUc
an nUdc
uong kh6ng tUdng den
/ Thit ldn, thit ga, thit vit day bat / De
nguoi ngat, an chang dUdc /N6i budn ve sU
chia li lam bee ldng". Nhung khi cin, thi
tac gia cung het sUc y nhi, bdng bay: "Em
tiia
dda hda thdm / Anh khac nao con ong
mat / Em la ben dd /Anh nhU con thuyen
xuoi
ngUdc.
Bo-tum Mat-the Xom
Cling thfch diing cac thanh
ngU,
tuc
ngU
va sif dung chung mot each "dac dia":
banh ldn hdn khuon", "chin
trUdc
khi

chua" (tUdng
tii "trUng
khon hdn vit",
"an
cdm trUdc keng" trdng thanh ngii Viet),
"ngUdi (chet) de tie'ng, vdi (chet) de nga",
"lam rupng xem ce, cudi ga cdn chau xem
ky ndi
chen",
"tha ma't mpt thung bac chd
de mat ldi ndi" v.v
*'^'
Co the noi, cung vdi
nhUng
canh hudng,
nhiing tam trang, nhUng tinh tiet da dupc
tac gia dung cong xay diing thi nhUng
each
so sanh, vf von tren day thUc
sii
lam
say dim mpi gidi dpc gia Campuchia qua
cac thdi ky. Quan trpng hdn,
Idai
ng6n ngU
nay rat gan vdi ngdn ngii van xudi va la
mpt trong nhiing tien de cho viec hinh
thanh nen van xuoi nghe thuat cuoi
nhiing nam ba mUdi cua the ky
trUdc.

4.
Mot budc tien mdi ve
each
thifc ket
ca'u. Vdi Tum Tieu, Truyen tho
Campuchia da co
nhUng
budc thay ddi ve
each thiic ket ca'u. TrUdc day, mpt truyen
thd dUdc viet theo nhieu the thd khac
nhau. M6i the thd dung de bieu dat nhUng
npi dung khac nhau. Vi du: the Brah-ma-
kit (5-6-5-6) dung trong viec dan do
khuyen ran, mang tinh chat tha thiet tinh
cam; the Ka-ka-te (4-4-4-4-4-4-4) dung
de thuat lai cac cau chuyen; the Phu-
chu6ng-li-lia (6-4-4) dung de dien ta cac
cupc hanh trinh hoac luc dUa tien nhau;
the Pum - n61 (6-4-6) dung trong cupc
tranh luan d6'i thoai
'^'.
Cac the thd nay
khdng
chi
dUdc sif dung de the hien npi
dung cu the
ciia
tUng trUdng doan ma con
dam nhiem vai tro chuyen canh hay to
chUc,

lien ket
ciia
tac
pham'^"'.
Nay vdi
Tum Tieu, cau chuyen chi dUdc viet theo
mpt thd thd (the Pia pram-pi, the 7 chU)
se la met khd khan ddi vdi tac gia. NhUng
mat khac, dd se la "da't dien" de tac gia cd
the the hien tai nang, de "tung tay" ngoi
but cua minh, nha't la trong viec mieu ta
nhUng cam xuc tam trang nhan vat, trong
viec lien ke't tac pham, lien ket mach
chuyen. Tuy nhien, vdi Tum Tieu, tac gia
cung chUa thoat khdi tinh chip
khue
v6'n
cd cua Truyen thd (vf du, de chuyen sang
mpt trUdng ddan khac, tac gia thudng
dung "ring ", "vi rang "
liic
d6 ".
Dieu nay cung tUdng tU nhU each nei cua
cu Nguyen Dinh Chieu: "ThU nay de'n Luc
Van Tien" trong Luc Vdn Tien). Tuy
nhien, day cung co the la mpt
each
"dien
dat" phu hdp do'i vdi mpt do'i tUdng ceng
chung von "thich lam khan gia hdn dpc

gia, thich boat dpng hdn la suy tU, thich
hdat dpng gifla trdi hdn la thu minh vad
phdng hep ".
Danh gia mpt each tdng quat, c6 the
noi,
Tum Tieu tfl khi ra ddi da tao nen
mot
.so'phan
rieng, vUdt qua gidi ban, vUdt
qua muc tieu giao ly ma tac gia vdn da
kh6ng he da'u diem, de trd thanh mpt tac
16
Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 5/2010
pham danh da'u mpt
sii each
mang that sU
cua Truyen thd Campuchia, kh6ng chi d
sii
ket thuc mang tinh bi kich nhu nhan
xet cua Td-rang Nghia" ", ma cen dUa den
cho ngUdi dpc sU cam thong, chia se ve
moi tinh thuy chung cua doi trai tai gai
sic vdi nhflng cau thd me hdac ldng ngUdi.
Va quan trpng hdn no con chuan bi nhUng
tien de de tham gia vao dUdng hien dai
h6a nen
van
hpc Campuchia sau
nay,
tren

ta't ca cac phUdng dien tfl npi dung den thi
phap"-'.
Nhflng phan tich, ly giai tren
day, chung t6i hy vpng co nhflng ddng gdp
nhd trdng viec danh gia met trong nhflng
•tac
pham ldn cua nen
van
hpc truyen
tho'ng Campuchia./.
CHU THICH
1.
Nam 1942, can chuyen dan gian nay mot
lan
nfla difdc Nu Kon viet lai theo the thd
Pia pram-bay (the 8 chfl)
difdi
tieu de
"Tieu Ek".
2.
Nghien ciiu Tum Tieu. Ok Xa-mon, Phnom
Penh, 1966, tr. 224-225 (tieng Khmer)
3.
Xem them: Vdn hoc Campuchia qua nhiing
chang diidng lich sii.
Vu
Tuyet Loan-
Nguyln Sy Tuan. Nxb. KHXH, H. 2000 vd
Vdn hoc Dong Nam A.
Lifu

DUc Trung
(chu bien), Nxb. Giao
due,
H. 1998.
4.
Trong cong trinh
nay.
Ok Xa-mon chi ket
tpi ba nhan vat: ba Phan, Tum, Tieu
(nhif
da noi), con vua Ria-mia khong he difdc
nhae
tdi.
5.
Tum Tieu, ban dich cua Phung Huy Thinh,
Nxb.
KHXH, 1987, tr. 58
6. Chuyen viet ve mpt
moi
tinh rat manh liet
va tham khoc: Kdom-pi dem long yen say
dam mpt co gai. Hai ngifdi bo trdn de'n
sinh song d mot viing da't xa xoi. Khi da
trd nen giau co, ngu'di chdng da giet chet
ngifdi vp da mpt thdi chung song luc ban
vi de song vdi mpt ngifdi dan ba khac, bd
lai ngifdi con gai bd vd.
7 Nguyen van cau 425 trong nguyen ban:
"ddm
hon

len md, sd len
vu\
NhUng cau thd nay chung toi dich (nghia) tif
nguyen ban tieng Khmer, khong tuan
theo diing nguyen tic
van
luat cua the
thd Pia pram-pi.
8. Xem them: Nghien ciiu Tum Tieu, Sdd, tr.
226-227.
9. Xem Kien Rem: Thii tim hieu nen thi ca
ciia
dong bdo Viet goc Mien. Luan dam,
1963,
Bp III, sd 1, tr. 65-70.
10.
Vi du trong Truyen thd Ndng Ca-cdy,
Ang-DUdng,
da sfl dung 4 the thd xen ke
nhau (tuy tUng
trifdng
doan): Ka-ka-te,
Pum-nol,
Brah-ma-kit,
Phii-chuong-li-
lia.
Con Riem Ke, mpt tuyet tac khac cua
van hpc Campuchia cung viet theo nhieu
the thd: tfl
chifdng

1 de'n
cbifdng
10, theo
cac the Ka-ka-te, Brah-ma-kit,
Phii-
chu6ng-li-lia, Pum-nol, B6n-t6-la-ka, tif
chifdng 75 den chifdng 80 lai difdc viet
theo the Pia
pram-mudi,
v.v
11.
Xem Td-rang Nghia: Vdn minh Khmer.
Phnom Penh, 1972, tr. 15 (ban tieng Khmer)
12.
Chiing tdi quan niem rang sU ra ddi cua
van hpc hien dai Campuchia khong phai
theo con difdng phu dinh (tat nhien la
phai bien chUng va tflng
bifdc)
nen van
hpc truyen thong de tie'n tdi mot nen van
hpc hien dai ma do sU tac dpng cua nhieu
yeu to' ben ngoai,
nhif
anh
hifdng
cua van
hpc Phap, sU doi hoi cua mot xa hpi mdi
vdi nhflng dieu kien mdi (ldp ngifdi sang
tac mdi, cong chung mdi, dieu kien in

an ). Du vay thi van hpc truyen thdng,
trudc het la Truyen thd vin cd anh
hUdng
ldn den npi dung va hinh
thfle
cua van
xuoi hien dai Campuchia ndi chung va
tieu thuyet hien dai Campuchia noi rieng.
('iing
can noi them rang, viec hien dai boa
nen van hpc Campuchia, xet ve
phifdng
dien the loai, cung co nhflng dac diem
rieng. Trong khi tieu thuyet da hinh
thanh va bit dau phat trien thi kich noi
dien ra cham hdn nhieu va dac biet la thd
mdi vdi
tif each
la mpt the loai khdng xuat
hien. Cho de'n nay, d Campuchia, vin
chi