Nghiên cứu tâm lý học sư phạm với công tác đào tạo giáo viên

,IOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF IINUB
l-Juealion Science. 2013, Vol, 58, No, 4. pp. 138-147
This paper is available online al http //stdh hnue.edu vn

NGIIIEN CLfU TAM Ll HOC SV PHAM
V(')I CONC; TAC DAO TAO GIAO VIEN

i)ao Thi Oanh
Vlin Nghten et'fu Supligm.

Ti udng Dgi Iwr Suplicun Hd Ndi

Tom tat. Bai VILM trinh hay khai quat ve khai niem. doi tUdng, noi dung nghien cdu
cua Tam li hoc Su pham vdi tU each la mpt phan nganh ciia Khoa hoc Giao due
va g!^n bo chat che vdi Su pham hoc. Bai viet dong thdi de xuat nhflng noi dung
nghien ciiu chu yeu vh Tam li hpc SU pham trong thtii gian tiii nh^m phuc vu dac
lac hon nfla chu cong tac dao tan giao vicn trong trudng sfl pham, qua do khang
dinh VI tri. vai tro ciia nghien cu'u Tam li hoc Su pham doi vdi cong tac dao tao giao
vien. giao due nha tritdng d nfldc ta.
TUkhda: Tam h' hoc sfl pham, khoa hoc giao due, sU pham hoc,

1. Mc( dau
6 Viet Nam, Tarn h' hoc (TLH) la mot nganh khoa hoc non tre, chinh thu"c dfldc dfla
\ao giang day va nghien cflu vao nhijfng nam giiifa the ki XX. Nhflng so vdi cac chuyen
nganh TLH khac, c6 the ndi TLH Sfl pham (TLHSP) dfldc phat trien manh nhat vi d6i
tfldng nghien cflu va muc tieu phuc vii cua no gan lign vdi sfl nghiep giao due, phat trien
con ngfldi ndi chung, tre em ndi neng Ngay nay, d hau het cac ddn vi nghien cflu, dao tao
vc TLH cung nhfl cac trfldng sfl pham nfldc ta, cac van de cua TLHSP dlu dfldc quan tam
nghien cflu d cac pham vi, quy mo khac nhau, nham phuc vu cho sfl phat trien chung ciia
giao due dao lao Viet Nam. Tuy nhien chfla cd tai lieu nao tong ket mdt each dSy du nhiing
nghien cflu vc TLHSP va nhflng ddng gop cfla nhflng nghien cflu nay trong sfl nghiep giao

due cua nfldc ta, tfl dd dan den nhflng danh gia khong dung vc vai tro ctia TLHSP. Bai bao
nay khai quat bflc tranh ve TLHSP d Viet Nam, vdi mong mudn khang dinh vi tri cua llnh
vflc nay trong cdng cudc Giao due va n.io tao, chuan bi nguon nhan lflc chat Ifldng cao
xay dflng dat nfldc trong tinh hinh mdi.
Noi dung cua bai bao gdm hai phSn chinh: Doi tfldng nghien cflu cua TLHSP vit
Nhflng noi dung va cac hfldng nghien cflu chu y6u cua TLHSP Viet Nam. Cudi ciing la
mpt so ket luan.

Nga> nhan bai, 28-11-2012 Ng.n ch^p nhan dang, 11-4-2013
Lien he Dim Thi Oanh. e-mail, phanh 100 l(piyahoo com


Nghien cifu Tdm li hgc Supham vdi cdng tdc ddo tao gidn vien

2. Noi dung nghien cii'u
De phan tich, danh gia dung vai tro, stt dong gdp cua TLHSP ddi vdi cong tac dao
tao giao vien, trfldc hk cSn phai xac dinh ro pham vi doi tfldng va ndi dung nghien cflu
cua chuyen nganh khoa hoe nay.
2.1.

Ddi ttfcfng n g h i e n ciiu cua T L H S P

Viec xac dinb ddi tfldng nghien cflu cua TLHSP g5n day dfldc d6 cap d6n kha nhi6u
tren cac dien dan khoa hpc hoac trong cac bai viet mang tfnh ehuyen mdn cfla cac tac gia
trong nfldc va nfldc ngoai khi ban Iuan ve cac ITnh vflc nghien cflu lien quan dSn nd la
"Kbua hpc Gidu dur" (KHGD) va "Khoa bpe Su phgm" (KHSP), hay "Su phgm hue"
(SPH) [6]. Cac phan tich chu yeu tap trung Iam ro cac thuat ngii dfldc sti dung, pham vi
dfli tfldng nghien cflu va moi quan he gifla mpt so nganh/chuycn nganh khoa hpc nhfl: gifla
SPH vdi KHGD, gifla SPH vdi TLHSP, gifla TLHSP vdi TLHGD ,. DiSu nay xuat phat tfl
xu the phat trien chung cua tflng Iinh vflc khoa hoc, ciJng nhfl xu the lien mon, lien nganh

ngay cang cao trong nghien cflu khoa hoc.
2.1.1.

M6i quan he giira KHSP v6i KHGD

Trong mdt so tai lieu cua nfldc ngoai va mpt s6 bai viSt gin day cua cac nha nghien
cflu giao due [1,3.6], van 6k. ddi tfldng, ndi dung, m6i quan he ISn nhau va xu the nghien
cflu ctia KHGD va cua KHSP (SPH) dfldng dai da dfldc dg cap mpt each khai quat, kha
toan dien.
- Ch^ng han, ve khai niem KHGD, theo [6], thuat ngfl "Educational Science"/ "Education Science" it dfldc tim th^y trong cac tai lieu tieng Anh, ngay ca trong cac bd tfl
dien ldn cung nhfl trong cac he phan loai vh. khoa hoc, mac du hien nay d My dang cd
mpt t6 chflc nghien cflu hang diu v6 KHGD la "Vien cac KHGD" ("Institut of Education
Sciences" - lES). Trong khi dd, thuat ngfl tieng Phap "Sciences de I'education" bat dau
dfldc sfl dung rong rai trong cac thap ki gSn day d cac nfldc not tiSng Phap, Tay Ban Nha
va B6 Dao Nha.
Nghien cflu cung cho thay, nhu cSu dao tao ddi ngu giao vien chit Ifldng cao xuit
hien tfl sau chien tranh th6 gidi thfl II da thflc day manh me viec trien khai KHGD the
hien trong chfldng trinh dao tad giao vien trinh do cfl nhan. Theo dd, ngoai cac mon hoc
giao vien cin phai day trong tfldng lai, luc diu trong chfldng trinh cdn bao gdm cac mon
hoc nhfl: "Xd hdi hpc Gido dur"; "TLH Gidu due"; "Triiihgr Gido dur"; "Uch .sif Gido
dite" va sau nay xuit hien them cac mon hpc mdi nhfl "Pbdt trien dnfdng irinb "...
Cac nha nghien cflu cung da dfla ra cac ciu phin cua KHGD dfldc thfla nhan rong
rai hien nay, bao gdm: "Triit hpc Gido due"; "Xdbpibc)e Gido due"; "TLH Gido dur";
" Uch.sd Gidu due"; "Kinh ti hue Gidu diie"; "Qudn If Gido dur"; "SPH". Qua day c6
the thiy, SPH la mot ciu phin ctia KHGD.
ve khai niem SPH, thuat ngfl SPH trong tieng Viet dfldc dich ra tfl thuat ngfl tieng
Anh "Pedagogy" hay "Pedagogical Sciences".
6 nghia chung nhat, SPH dfldc hieu la "Kbua Iwc vi viec dgy hur va gido due ire
em", cd ddi tfldng nghien cflu la phfldng phap giang day, bad gdm cac muc tieu cua giao

Dao Thi Oanh
due va cac each thflc de dat dfldc cac muc tieu dd (theo cac nha nghien cflu cua Mi va By
Au) hay, la khda hoc ma doi tfldng ciia nd la giao due con ngfldi nhfl la mot chflc nang dac
biet cua xa hpi (theo cac nha nghien cflu cua Ddng Au va Nga).
0 nghia hep hdn, theo cac nha nghien cflu Mi va Tay Au. SPH la llnh vflc nghien
cflu M: ngfldi giao vien va vc qua Irinh giang day ctia giao vien, cu the la cac chien Ifldc
giiing da\ hoac phong each giiing day cua gido vien. Cdn theo cac nha nghien cflu cua
Nga. diiy lii linh vflc nghien cflu quii trinh the he di trfldc truyen lai cho the he tre nhflng
kmh nghieiii xa hoi can ihict cho cupc song va lao ddng xii hpi...
Nhin chung, noi dung cua khai nii;m SPH ht;p hdn so vdi npi hiim khai niem KHGD
tuy rang ndi dung nghien cflu ciia SPH kha phong phfl, trong dd, dfldc nghien cflu nhiSu
nhat lit "Cliucnig irinh" (Curriculum studies); "Pbtfdng pbdp day hoc" (Teaching Methods); "Ddnh gid gido dur" (Itducationa! Assessment).
2.1.2.

Moi quan he giffa SPII vdi TLHSP

I'heo c;ic nha nghien cflu, day la hai linh vitc gan bd chat che, khdng the tach rdi.
SPH cin phai tinh den dac thu phat trien cfla ngfldi hoc d cac giai doan ItJa tupi khac
nhau, do vay, SPH dfla nhicu vao thanh tflu nghien cflu cua linh \flc nghien cflu TLGD,
mil trfldc het la cua TLHSP [1,3,61.
Chang han, theo cac nha nghien cflu Nga, KHSP dfldc phan chia thanh: SPH Tien
nha irfldng, SPH Nha trfldng; SPH KT thuat Nghe nghiep, SPH Dai hpc; SPH San xuit;
SPH Quan sfl; Lich sfl SPH; SPH C}iao due Thfldng xuyen; Giao hoe phap Bd mon. Hay
mpt dc xuit khac vc phan loai cac KHSP theo nhflng diu hieu: Ciu true (cd SPH Bai
cfldng, Li luan Day hoc, Li luan Giao due,...); Ifla tuoi va mon hoc (SPH Tign nha trfldng,
SPH Dai hoc...); gia tn - y nghTa (SPH Nhan ban, SPH Hdp tdc ..); dieu chinh - phat trien
(SPH Dac biet, SPH Phdng ngfla .,), Cac ITnh vflc KHSPed lien quan chat che va dfla vao
thanh tflu ctia cac khda hdc khac nhfl Triel hdc, Xa hdi hdc, TLH,... [6J.
Gin day quan nigm \c SPH hicn dai chd rang, dd la ITnh vflc tich hdp nghien cflu

tfl nhigu ITnh vflc chuygn mdn khac nhau, bao gdm: "Kbua bur Nhdn tbifr", "TLH Phdt
tnen", "TLH Gido diic", "Do luc'nig vd ddnlt gid", "Cdng nghe thimg tin". De cd the day
tdt, gidd vicn can phai cd mdt tap hdp cac ygu td, nhfl: hicu biet vc mdn hdc; hie'u bigt ve
hoc sinh vdi nhflng 16 hong ve khai nicm cd the cd; hig'u bigt vg chfldng trinh; hieu bigt vg
SPH Dai cfldng. Dd la sfl hieu bigt vc "C;ii gi ?". "Khi nao''", "Vi sao?", "Lam thg nao
.'" dc day
2.1.3.

Moi quan he giu:a TLHSP va T L H G D

Trong cac tai lieu TLH cua My \{\ phfldng lay, thuat ngfl TLHSP va TLHGD doi
khi dfldc sfl dung thay thg cho nhau va dfldc xem la mdt ITnh vflc cua TLH Lfng dung
[6,13| Ddla \ i e c f l n g d u n g c 6 h c thdng nhflng nguyen tic TLH vao viec day va viec hpc,
vao viec to chflc qua trinh giiio due ndi chung. TLHSP la ITnh vflc nghien cflu li thuygt.
ddng thdi la linh vflc thflc nghiem, flng diing li luan cua nhigu chuygn nganh khda hpc
khiic, nhfl Giad due hdc, Xa hdi hpc, TLH Phat tnen, TLH Xa hpi, TLH Thin kinh, dac
biet la TLH Dai cfldng ., vao thflc tign nha trfldng. Vao ihdi cua minh, nha giao due noi
licng - Hcrbart, J.F. da cho ring, TLHSP bao gom 3 mang nghien cflu la; "Quan li"; "Day
hoc"; "Giao due dao dflc" [5.13].
140


Nghien cifu Tdm li line Suphgm vdi edng ldc ddo lao gido vten
Trong TLH Xd Viet [1,3,4,7], thuat ngfl TLHSP vii TLHGD dfldc sfl dung de chi hai
chuyen nganh khac nhau ciia TLH nhflng cd quan he chat che vdi nhau. Thed dd, TLHSP
la mdt chuygn ngiinh cua TLH. phat trien nhfl la mpt nhanh ciia TLH cd ban (TLHSP cd
ban) va TLH flng dung (TLHSP flng diing). Trpng tam nghign eflu cua TLHSP lii nhflng
qua trinh ITnh hdi tri thflc, hinh thimh cac mat khac nhau cua nhan each ngfldi hpc, phat
hien cac quy luat linh hpi nhflng dang kinh nghiem xa hpi khiic nhau (iri tuc, dao dflc,
tham mi, san xuit...), tflc lit nghign cflu dg hieu dfldc quii trinh chuyen vdn kinh nghiem

xa hpi dd thanh von kinh nghiem cua ca nhan nhfl the nao. Trong dd, mpt nhiem vu dac
biet ciia TLHSP lit kham pha ra nhflng phfldng phap chd phep chan ddiin trinh do va chit
Ifldng ITnh hdi cua ngfldi hpc. Cac nhit tam li giao due Xo Viel dfla vao tieu chi ve loai
kinh nghiem xa hpi dfldc ITnh hpi dc dfla ra cac ITnh vflc nghign cflu cua TLHSP, gdm:
TLH Day hoc; TLHGD: TLH ngfldi Giao vign.
Nhfl vay, TLHGD dfldc xem la mpt phiin nganh cua TLHSP Biin thiin TLHGD
ciing vfla la ITnh vflc nghien cflu cd ban (TLHGD cd ban), vfla la linh vflc nghien cflu flng
diing (TLHGD flng diing). Trong khi TLH Day hpc nghien cflu lam rd quy luat, ban chit,
dac diem, cac giai doan, cac dieu kien, tigu chi eua qua trinh linh hoi tri thflc, kT nang, kT
xao mdt each hieu qua. thi TLHGD nghign cflu cac quy luat cfla viec ITnh hoi cac chuan
mflc dao dflc va cac nguyen tac dao dflc, vigc hinh thanh the gidi quan, niem tin... trong
dieu kien day hoc va giad due d nha trfldng. Cac vin dg nghign cflu cu the cua TLHGD cd
rit nhigu. nhfl: dong cd va xu hfldng cfla nhan each; dong cd hpe tap; sfl phat trien nhan
each tre em vdi cac trinh dp nhan thflc khac nhau; sfl hinh thanh tinh each va ciic van de
cua lfla tuoi thieu men; nhan each vii mdi trfldng giao due; giao due gia dinh; giao due
tham mi; giao due the chat; ed chg thuc day lam nen tang eho vice giao due...). Trdng mdt
sd tili lieu chuyen mon gin day, ddi tfldng cfla TLHGD dfldc md rdng, theo do, TLHGD
nghien cflu cac quy luat binh thanh nhan each tich cflc va cd tinh dinh hfldng d ngfldi hoc,
cac quy luat cfla qua trinh tac ddng den nhan each xa hdi ndi chung d ngfldi hpe [3,4].
Qua phdn ti'eb d tren cd the ria ra din tifcjng nghien cifu eiia TLHSP nhu sauHieu radt each ngan gpn, TLHSP cd ddi tfldng nghign cflu la cac quy luat tam li cua
qua trinh day va hoc. Cdn hieu mdt each diy dfl, TLHSP la ehuyen ngiinh TLH, nghien
cflu ban chit, cd che tam li, cac phfldng each higu qua de phat trien tri tue vii nhan each cua
ngfldi hoc va ngfldi day, gdp phin nang cao chit Ifldng giao due trong nha trfldng [\,?>A\
Trong qua trinh phat trien cua minh, TLHSP Vict Nam chiu anh hfldng cua nhflng
quan niem li thuyet khac nhau, va ngay nay da xac dinh chd minh mot ehd dflng nhat
dinh, ngay cang tigm can vdi quan niem chung tren the gidi vc ddi tfldng nghien eflu cua
TLHSR

2.2.

Noi dung, cac htfdng nghien ctiu chu yeu ciia TLHSP cf Viet Nam

Nhfl da trinh bay d tren, TLHSP la khoa hoc li thuyet ddng thdi lii khoa hoc thflc
nghiem, vi vay, ndi dung nghign eflu ciia nd rat rdng, vfla la nghten eflu ed ban, vfla lii
nghign eflu flng dung. Dfldi day la mdt sd gdi y vg nhflng not dung nghien eflu chu yeu
dfli vdi TLHSP eua Vigt Nam, nhim phue vu cho giao due nhii trfldng vii cdng tac dao lao
giao vign [7,10,13].


Diio Thi Oanh
2.2.1.

Nghien ciiu cd ban phuc vu thtfc tiin giao dtic pho thong va cong tac dao tao
giao vicn

Cu thg', nghien eflu cae quy Iu5t phat trien tam li, smh li ctia ngfldi hoc ya ngfldi day
de van dung vad qua trinh giao due nhim dat hieu qua mdng mudn. Neu thieu nhiJng ket
quii nghien cflu cd ban nay thi qua trinh day hpc va giad due se thieu di cd sd khoa hpc
ctia \iec to chflc nd.
a). Nghign cflu dac diem lam, sinh If, trinh dd phat trien tri lue va xa hpi d ngfltii
hpc de CO the huy dong tot nhil cac chien Ifldc day hoc va giao due mot each hieu qua.
l)a\ dfldc xem lii mang npi dung nghien cflu ldn trong TLHSP d nfldc ta hien nay,
dac biel khi ygu ciu ve viec doi mdi chfldng trinh, npi dung dao tao; ddi mdi phfldng phap,
hinh thflc td chflc dao lao; dd'i mdi hinh thflc danh gia ket qua dao tao trong nha trfldng
dfldc dat ra ngay cang manh me. Ben canh viec trien khai nghien cflu nhim vao ddi Ifldng
la hoc sinh pho thdng, cac nghien cflu cdn hfldng vitd ddi tfldng ngfldi hoc d cac dd tuo'i
khiic nhau, dac bicl la sinh vien, trong dd cd sinh vien dai hoc sfl pham.
Cac nghien cflu xae dinh chi Sd ve trinh dp phat trien tri tue. trinh dd sang tao, mflc
dd bicu hien tri tue xiic cam, nang Itte tri nhd, sfl bien ddi cac qua trinh than kinh trong
qua trinh hoc lap tren Idp, cac dac diem trong dinh hfldng gta Iri, ddng cd, nhu ciu nhan

thflc, khd khan tam ii trong hoc tap cua ngfldi hpc, each ngfldi hpc tfldng lac vdi nhau de
giai quyet nhiem vu hpc tap, phong each hoc tap trgn ldp cua ngfldi hoc. se cung cip cd
sd khoa hoe chd viec xay dflng, phat trien cac chfldng trinh giao due tri tug. giao due chinh
tri, giao due ve smh hoc dfldng, giao due hanh vi sai lech chuin mflc, giao due sflc khoe
sinh san.. cho hpc sinh, sinh vien. Dong thdi giup eho eac nha giad d trfldng pho' thong
eung nhfl trdng trfldng dai hoc sfl pham dinh hfldng lfla chon cac phfldng phap, hinh thflc
td chflc day hoe, giad due mdt each phli hdp, hieu qua. Khong cd mdt phfldng phap dting
cho viec day mot bai hoc cu the, nhflng ed mpt s6 tigu chi giup giao vign dfla ra quygt dinh
ldt nhil cd the.
b). Nghign eflu sfl bign doi cua quii trinh phat trien dien ra d tflng dfla tre ve mat cd
the, tri lue, xa hoi: Khi nao dien ra"^ Dign ra nhfl the nao? Sit phiil trie'n nhan each ngfltJi
hoc dfldi tae ddng cua day hoe va giao due'' Cd sd TLH cfla cdng tac giao due dao dflc?...
O tre em, cac qua trinh phat trien nay dien ra nhanh chdng vii cd anh hfldng rd ret den
each thflc tre hpc tap, each thflc tre tfldng tac vdi giao vien. each thflc tre tfldng tac vdi cac
tre khac cflng tud'i.
c). Nghign eflu cac dieu kign anh hfldng tdi qua trinh hpc tap vii giao due cua ngfldi
hoc, nhfl: digu kign gia dinh (vi the kinh tg - xa hdi cua gia dinh; vi the xa hdi ciia cha me;
thai dd ctia gia dinh trfldc vigc boc tap cfla tre...); dieu kicn cua nha trfldng; nhiJng ygu tfl
ben trong ctia hoal ddng hoe tap... lam cd sd khoa hoc cho nhflng bign phap sfl pham phu
hdp, higu qua, giup hoal dpng eua ngfldi thiy thtfc sfl mang tinh khoa hpc, dam bao tinh
sfl pham cao...
d). Nghign cflu nhflng quy luat, ccf che va dieu kien hinh thanh cac mat dao dflc va
tham mT trong nhan each hoc sinh cin dfldc TLHSP quan tam nghien cflu manh me, sau
sic hdn. Vi du, nghign cflu cd sd tam, sinh li hoc, cac nguyen nhan, cd chg tam Ii cua
cac rdi nhigu hanh vi d hoc sinh (gay hin, bao lflc. nghign ngap,...) lam c0 sd xay dflng
cac bien phap giao due dao dflc eho hoc sinh mpt each phu hdp de' giam thie'u cac hanh
142


Ngliien ciiu 'Tdm If hpc Suphgm vdi cdng tdc ddo ign gido vien

vi tfldng tfl trong hoc dfldng va ngoai xa hpi. Day la nhflng diem ndng va cung lii nhflng
die'm ygu hien nay trong giao due hoc dfldng cua chflng ta. KHSP trfldc hel can tao lap
dfldc cai gde thi mdi gat hai dfldc nhflng gi mong mudn ve Iau dai. Cd the ndi, ngay tfl khi
mdi dfldc hinh thanh d Viet Nam, TLHSP da quan tam dfln npi dung nghien cflu nay [8],
Tiiy nhien. cung vdi sit phat trie'n cua xa hdi. da cd sfl dich chuyen ciia he thdng gia tri
dinh hfldng hanh dpng eua con ngfldi Viet Nam ndi chung, hpc sinh Viet Nam ndi rieng.
Nhieu vin de mdi xuit hien, ihSm chi vdi tdc dd nhanh vii khd Ifldng liim cho TLHSP
phai ddi mat. Vi vay. cd the' xem day la mang nghien eflu ma TLHSP khong bao gid dfldc
phep xao nhang, ddng thdi phai luon ludn tim kiem nhflng each lam phii hdp mdi mong
CO kgt qua,
d). Nghign eflu cd sd TLH eiia viec danh gia irong giao due, trong do, trfldc bet lii
viec danh gia qua trinh nhan thflc ctia ngfldi hpc: sfl dung cac hinh thflc danh gia hieu
qua? Dign bign va kgt qua ciia qua trinh ITnh hpi, qua trinh xfl li thdng tin mdi d ngfldi
hpc? Kgt qua hinh thanh va phat trien cac nang lflc khac nhau d ngfldi hpc...
e). Nghien cflu sfl tfldng tac xa hoi trong hoat dpng hpc tap de phat hien xem tflng
ca nhan ngfldi hpc chiu sfl anh hfldng tfl nhflng ngfldi khac nhfl the nao'' Ddng thdi, ngfldi
hpc cd the' chiu tac ddng theo cac chieu hfldng tieh cflc nhfl the nao? Mflc dp va chieu
hfldng tac ddng cfla nhflng ngfldi xung quanh dgn ngfldi hoe?.. Dieu niiy rat quan trpng
ddi vdi viee td' chflc day hpc, giao due mot each phii hdp, hieu qua
f). Mdt trong nhflng npi dung quan trong cua TLHSP la nghign cflu cae dac diem
tam li - nhan each cua ngfldi giao vien, mflc dd dap flng ygu cau nghg nghiep cfla giao
vien... litm cd sd xay dflng cac dinh hfldng, bien phap, each thflc ren luyen, phat trie'n cac
nang lflc, pham ehit nghe nghiep d ho, dap flng yeu cau phat trien giad due ndi chung.
Ddng thdl Iiim cd sd khoa hoe xay dflng/phat trien chfldng trinh diio tao giao vien dap flng
yeu cau phal trien giao due.
2.2.2.

Nghien ctfu ung dung Ii luan TLHSP vao qua trinh day hoc, giao due tf
trtfbng pho thong v» trong cong tac dao tao giao vien

6 mang nay, trong tam nghien cflu cin hfldng vao nhflng ndi dung eu the sau:
a). Van dung li Iuan cua TLHSP va cfla cac nganh/cbuyen ngiinh khoa hoc hen quan
vao nghien cflu khic phue. phdng ngfla nhflng lech lac trong phat tnen tam li, nhan each
d ngfldi hpc, nhfl: khic phuc nhflng khd khan lam Ii trong boc tap eiia hpe sinh, sinh vien;
day hpc chinh tri cbo cac ddi tfldng phat trien ranh gidi, giad due dap dflc cho hpe sinh
"cd vin dg"... Thudc hfldng nay edn cd viec nghien cflu flng dung cac van de vg TLH Hoc
dfldng vad nha trfldng phd thong, dap flng nhu eiu phat trie'n d hdc sinh mdi each kip thdi,
phu hdp, gdp phin phat trien toan dien nhan each hoe sinh. Day la hfldng nghign cflu ddi
hoi sfl phdi hdp tich cflc, cbu ddng gifla TLHSP vdi cac nganh khac nhfl Giao due hoc,
Sinh ll hpe. Xa hdi hpe... Hfldng nghien cflu nay trfldc het difdc xem la khia eanh nghign
cflu flng dung, nhflng ddng thdi cdn la khia canh nghien cflu li thuyfit eua TLHSP trong
b6i canh hien nay d nfldc ta. Thflc tg cho thiy. hoc sinh d bit cfl Ifla tudi nao, bit cfl cip
hoc nao cung cd the' gap phai cac vin dg khac nhau, vi vay, hicu dfldc nhu cau va hd trd,
giiip dd hdC sinh giai quygt eae vin de cua cac em la mpt nhiem vu cua cac nha TLHSP,
Kinh nghiem cua cac nfldc phat trien chd thiy, xa bdi cang phat trien, nhflng vin dg vg
sflc khde tam than eua thg he tre cang trd ngn cap bach ein dfldc quan tam kip thdi. Ddi
143


vdi hoc sinh, sinh vien Viel Nam hien nay. cd the ndi, ITnh vflc niiy dang ngay cang trd
ngn mdt nhu eiu cip bach, ddng thdi cung Iii trie'n vpng cfla TLHSP.
Cung theo hfldng nay. cin cd nhflng nghien cflu sau sac. than trpng vg phfldng phap,
hinh thflc td chflc hicu qua cua viec giao due gia Iri sdng. kT nang sdng. dac bi^t cac kT
nang xa hdi ed ban cho ngfldi hoc vit ngfldi day d cac dp tudi khac nhau, giup dieu chinh
Ciic hiinh vi khong mong mudn, hinh thanh he gia tri tich cflc, phat trien cac nang lflc cd
ban de ihich flng tdl nhit cd the trong xa hpi hien dai. Hicn nay, day dang la van dg «ndng»
trong cac nhii trfldng va trong xa hpi. b). Nghien cflu nhufng van de lidn quan dgn giao due
phat trien nang lflc Siing tao d ngfldi hpc, gin vdi muc tigu dao tao phat trien ngu6n nhan
lflc chit Ifldng cao cho dit nfldc trong thdi ki hdi nhap
C}iiio due phat men nang lflc sang lao cho hpc sinh da va dang lii mdi quan tam ciia

hiu hgt cac qudc gia tren the gidi, Ching biin. Singapore xac dinh liy ddi mdi va sang tao
la dong lflc de phat tnen dit nfldc: ciic chuyen gia My cho ring, khi vice xfl If thdng tin
logic da trd ngn dg dang nhd flng dung khoa hpc cdng nghe, thi tinh sang tao, tri tfldng
Ifldng mdi la yeu td quygt dinh,.,Vi vay, dinh hfldng eua ddi mdi giao due cua nhieu nfldc
hicn nay lii nhim phal trien ldi da tfnh lich cflc va kha nang sang tao d ngfldi hoc. Trong
hpe tap, ngfldi hoc khdng chi cd nhu ciu vg hpc thual, mil cdn ciic nhu ciu ve cam xiic,
xa hdi, linh thin. Giiid due phai giup tflng ngfldi bdc nhan thflc dfldc ban than va tim ra y
nghTa cudc sdng, giup hd kham pha va the hign nhflng cam xuc rieng cua ban than theo
Ciich rieng, ddc dao cfla minh .. Nhigu nghien cflu TLH tren ihg gidi cung nham vao phuc
vu dinh hfldng phal trien con ngfldi mdt each ldi da, loan dien cd the'. Vi du, Thuyet Da
tri lue da mang lai mot cai nhin nhan ban va cin thigt, keu gpi nha irfldng, dac biet la eac
giiio vien eoi trpng sfl da dang ve trf tue d mdi hoc sinh, bdi mdi lai tri tue deu quan trpng
vii mdi hoc sinh dgu cd ft nhieu kha nang theo nhieu khuynh hfldng phat trien khac nhau
cua cac kha nang dd, Nha Irfldng la ndi khdi gdi ticm nang d hdc sinh, tao digu kign, giiip
hoc sinh phat huy tdi da cac kha nang ciia ban than cac em. (3 Vict Nam, dieu nay da dfldc
neu trong dinh hfldng ddi mdi day hoc cac mdn hoc d cac cap hoc khac nhau.
c) Nghien cflu ciie dieu kien ve sinh hoc dfldng gdp phan nang cao chit Ifldng giao
due trong nha Irfldng: Thflc tien nha trfldng chd thiy day Iii van de cip bach hien nay.
dang hang ngay lam suy giam sflc khde the chit vii tinh Ihan nhieu hoc sinh. Day la loai
de tai nghign cflu ting dung, mang tinh lign ngiinh cao, hien dang rit dfldc quan tam do
y nghia quan trong cua nd ddi vdi chat Ifldng giao due trong nha trfldng. Ciic van de ve
sinh hoc dfldng lign quan dgn nhigu linh \ flc. nhigu ndi dung nghien cflu khac nhau, nhat
Iii trong thdi dai phat tnen khoa hoc edng nghe. Thdi gian qua ITnh vflc nay da dfldc quan
tam nghien cflu song cdn qua it di va chu ygu tap trung vao phat hien cac benh hpc dfldng
d hoe sinh (can thi, cong veo cot sdng...). Xuit phat tfl each tiep can phiit trien con ngfldi
ben vflng, TLHSP cin nghign eflu \i\n dung cd sd tam-sinh li hoe, quy luat. nguygn tac
"Id chflc lad ddng khoa hoc" vao hoat ddng hpc tap trong nha trfldng theo dac thu lfla
tudi Nhflng kgt qua cd dfldc se khdng chi giup ngan ngfla cac benh bdc dfldng d hpc sinh,
giflp tad ra nhflng the be bdc sinh khdc dep ca ve the chit Iin tinh thin, ma cdn hinh thanh
d ngfldi hdc nang lflc td chflc, quan li boat dpng cua ban than, la mpt loai nang lflc dfldc

Cdi trong va danh gia cao trong xa hoi hien dai.
Viec bao vg sflc khde tre em; viec td chflc hoat ddng hdC tap. lad ddng. vui chdi cho


Nghien cifu Tdm If line Suphgm vdi cdng tdc ddo tgo gido vien
hpc sinh mpt each hdp li, khda hpc; viec hoan thien sfl phat trien the chit va tinh thin cho
hpe sinh chi cd the cd dfldc khi cd nhflng hie'u biet ve viee td chu'c lao dpng mdt each khoa
hpc. Vi vay, nhieu nha sfl pham ndi tigng tren the gidi da nhin manh dieu nay, dae biet khi
de cap dgn vin de day hpc phan hda [5]. Vi vSy. nhflng khia canh niiy cung cin dfldc dg
cap den trong chfldng trinh dao tad giao vign d trfldng sfl pham,
d). Nghign eflu van dung cac nguyen tac TLHSP vao nha irfldng de giflp giao vien
xSy dflng nhflng quy dinh cua ldp hpc phu hdp nhu ciu ngfldi hpc; dieu khien Idp hpe
mpt each hieu qua; sti dung thdi gian trgn ldp hdp li, duy tri nhip do hoc tap trgn ldp dfldc
phu hdp...
Chang ban, viec nghien cflu van dung cac nguyen tae TLHSP rd rang la digu kien
tien quyet nham giup giao vign phat Irig'n cac ki thuat dieu khien ldp hpe, nhfl: phat tnen
cae chfldng trinh day hpc phan boa, phat trien viec hpc tap cd digu khien theo each chia
nhd qua trinh day hoc thanh mot chudi cac bfldc rigng re de ngfldi hpc linh hpi tflng bfldc
mdt, khuyen khich thdng tin phan hdi ngay lap tflc... hay mdt sd cac ki nang nhfl : sfl dung
hieu qua ciic hinh thflc thfldng-phal ddi vdi nhflng hoc sinh cd hanh vi vo ki luat trong Idp
hpc, khuygn khich hitnh vi tap trung vao gid h p c .
d). Nghign eflu cac dieu kien tam If - xa hdi cfla vigc to chflc giao due nhan each
cho ngfldi hpc trong nha trfldng, trong dd, hien nay ndi len trfldc het la vin dg nghien eflu
hoan thien mdi quan he Thiy - Trd trong nha trfldng.
Trong nha trfldng, mdi quan he Thay - Trd la hgt sflc quan trong, anh hfldng ro ret
den chit Ifldng giao due noi chung. Giao due hien dai lam thay doi can ban vi tri tam li xa hpi ctia mdi tac dpng qua lai gifla Thiy va Tro. Viec dam bao tinh thong nhil gifla qua
trinh day boc va giao due vdi tfl each la mdt nhigm vu cua giad vien doi hdi phai nang cao
vdn van hda sfl pham chung eua giao vien, trdng dd trfldc het lii nang lflc giao tiep bdi day
la nang lflc quan trpng de giao vign thflc hign hoat dpng sfl pham hieu qua. Cac khia canh
nghign cflu cd the la: kig'u quan he qua lai, tinh chat, ndi dung, chit Ifldng.., cua mdi quan

he Thiy-Trd...
Thupc hfldng nghien cflu nay, nhflng gdi y ve bon tru cot giao due trong thg ki XXI
ciia UNESCO cin dfldc bam sat va the hien sau sac hdn trong cac nghien cflu TLHSP,
dac biet la "Hpc de cung chung sdng" va "Hoe de lam ngfldi". Thflc te xa hoi hien nay
da chflng minh dieu nay va gin day bat diu xuit hien nhflng hfldng nghign cflu mdi trong
ITnh vflc TLHSP nhflng the hien tinh lien nganh va lien mdn cao nhfl nghien cflu xay dflng
van hda nha trfldng nhfl la digu kien tam li - xa boi quan trpng de giao due nhan each cho
ca ngfldi hoc lln ngfldi day,
Nhigu nghien cflu cua nfldc ngoai da khang dinh, trong xu thg loan ciu hda, de' cd
the' hpi nhap va phat trig'n, cac pham chit nhan each c;i nhan nhfl: li tfldng nghg nghiep;
kha nang lam viec nhdm; tinh hdp tac; tinh thich flng; nang krc kiem soat xuc cam ban
than; nang lflc tfl hpc; tae phong cdng nghiep., rit dfldc cdi trpng [Cheryl E. Sanders &
Gary D. Phye 2004; Edgar Morin, 2008; Gdleman, D, 2002, 2007;..], Nhflng pham chit
nay, tren thflc te, rat quan trpng trong viec tao ra mdi trfldng giiip ca nhan the hign, phat
trig'n tigm nang sang tao cua ban than


Diio Thi Oanh
2.2.3.

Nghien cihi hoan thien phtfdng phap, kT thuat nghien ctfu, kT thuat danh gia

Hign nay. tren thg gidi xuit hien nhflng trao Iflu mdi trong TLHSP, xuit phat tfl thflc
tien cua xa hdi hien dai, ddng thdi gifla cac ngn TLH cd xu hfldng xich lai gin nhau, co
tinh chpn lpc [5]. Vi vay, nghien cflu de' hoc tap, tiep thu nhflng cai mdi, hien dai trong If
luan cung nhfl trong phfldng phap/kT thuat nghien cflu cu thg' la digu hgt sflc quan trpng de'
phal trie'n TLHSP nfldc nha.
De trien khai ldt cac vin de nghign cflu. cung vdi viec cSp nhat. tigp thu cac quan
die'm Ii luan mdi ve vigc day va hpc; ve ban chit, ciu trtic eua iri lue; ciu true nhan each...
Vigc nghien eflu thfch nghi hda hoac xay dflng mdi cac cdng cu do Ifldng trong TLHSP

cin dfldc tiep titc quan tam dd yeu ciu phat trig'n nghten cflu phuc vu dao lao giao vien.
Day la viec lam khdng de, doi hdi trinh do chuyen mon sau nhflng cung phai rong cua
ngfldi nghien cflu, va dac biet la sfl iing ho eua eac cip quan li, vi rat ldn kem ve tai ehinh.
Hign nay, d mdt sd cd quan, ddn vi nghien eflu ctia nfldc ta da cd nhflng edng trinh nhfl
vay, song cdn rit khiem tdn va chfla dap flng yeu ciiu nghign cflu, theo nghTa la chfla thflc
sfl mang linh ehuan hda. Cd the' ndi, viec xay dflng cac cdng cu nghien cflu khach quan,
chuan hda ve trf tue vii nhan each dg' sti dung tren tre em Viet Nam noi ehung la cip bach,
vfla mang y nghia li Iuan, vfla la vin de flng dung thflc tign trong bdi canh chung ta hpi
nhap ngay cang sau rdng vdi thg gidi.
Trgn day la npi dung nghien cflu cua TLHSP, Rd rang nhflng npi dung nay, mpt lan
nfla khing dinh vai trd cua TLHSP trpng Giao due ndi rieng vii trong dao tao ngudn nhan
lflc ehit Ifldng cao ndi chung. That vSy, thdi diem chung ta dang sdng rit dac biet. khflng
chi vi dd la thdi diem khdi diu cua mpt thien nien ki mdi. ma con vi cd sfl thay ddi mang
tinh ban lg trpng ITnh vflc giao due d eho, vigc hoc va day da trd thanh mot khoa hpc hdn
la mpt nghe thuat. De thflc hien lot viec giao due hoc sinh, giao vien nhat dinh phat hieu
rd ve hpc sinh cfla minh, dp dd viec ap dung cac nghien cflu khoa hoc vao cdng viec giang
day hpc sinh da va se trd nen mdt nbu eiu thflc tign [10]. Cae nghien eflu TLHSP se cung
cip nhflng cfl lieu quan trong dd.

3.

Ket luan

Tuy Cdn la mdt linh vflc nghign cflu npn tre d Viet Nam, ke' tfl khi ra ddi, TLHSP
ludn cd ging the' hien vai tro cua minh trong sfl phiit trien giao due. Nhflng gi TLHSP da
lam dfldc trong thdi gian qua la ngn tang quan trong ve If luan va thflc tign de thiic day cac
nghign cflu trong ITnh vflc nay phat trig'n hdn nfla, cd nhflng dong gop thigt thflc hdn nfla
vao sfl nghigp giao due chung cua dat nfldc, dac biet trong cdng tae diio tao giao vign d
cac trfldng sfl pham
Trgn day la mot vai suy nght bfldc dau vg eac net ldn trong nhiem vii cua TLHSP

Vipt Nam thbi gian tdi nham phuc vu muc tigu phat trie'n giao due va thflc tiln xa hpi, Viec
trie'n khai thflc hien eac nhiem vu nghign eflu khong thg' chi do mpt minh TLHSP, mit doi
hdi cd sfl phdi hdp chat che, loan dien vdi cac nha nghien cflu tfl nhigu nganh/chuyen
nganh khoa hoc khac. Ma, quan trpng trfldc het la sfl nd life tfl chinh cac nha nghien cflu
TLHSP, bdi, khdng gi cd y nghTa hdn khi viec Iam cua mdi ngfldi Iai dfldc chia se bdi
nhflng ngfldi khac, nhat la bdi nhflng ngfldi khdng phai tfl ciing mpt chuygn nganh.

146


Ngliien cifu Tdm If hpc Suphgm vdi cdng tdc ddn tao gido vien
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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[3] Culaghina, Llu.. 2001. Tdm If hoc su phgm. Nxh «Tmng tam sang tao» Maxcdva (Ban
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Hdi thao Qudc gia vg Khda hoe Giao due Viet Nam. Hai Phdng, thang 02/2011.
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Giad due, Ha Npi.
[8] Pham Minh Hac, Dang Xuan Hoai (Ddng chti bien), 2002. Hugt ddng. giao tiep vd
ehdt lupng gidu dtte. Nxb Dai hpe Qudc gia Ha Npi.
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[10] Robert J. Marzano, Debra J. Pickering, Jane E. Pollock, 2011, Car phucmg phdp dgy
hpr bieu qua. Nxb Giao due. Ha Ndi (Ban dich tigng Viet cua Nguygn Hdng Van).
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due hpc trong ede trifdng dcd bpe suphgm. Nxb Dai hoc Sfl pham. Ha Ndi
[13] Wallace, Goldstein, Nathan, 1998. P.syehulogy. Second Edition. USA.
ABSTRACT
Pedagogical Psychology Research in Teacher Education
This article makes a general presentation about the concepts, definitions, objectives and contents of pedagogical psychology research as a branch of educational science
closely related to pedagogy. The article also puts forth some important research contents
of pedagogical psychology in order to more effectively serve the current teacher training
process in teacher training institutions through laying greater stress on the position and
role played by pedagogical psychology research in teacher education and schooling in
Vietnam.