Tác động của phát triển kinh tế đến phát triển bền vững con người ở nước ta hiện nay một vài phân tích từ góc độ môi trường

TRAO DOI
TAC DONG CUA PHAT TRIEN KINH TE
DEN PHAT TRIEN BEN VCTNG CON NGlTdl 6 NlTCSC TA
HIEN NAY: MOT VAI PHAN TICH TU" GOC D O MOI TRtT^NG
TRUONG VAN DUNG*
Tir khda: mdi irudng, con ngudi. phdt trien ben virng.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 02/10/2019, ngdy giri phdn bi?n: 03/10/2019, ngdy duy?t ddng bdi:
16/12/2019,
I. Moi quan be giira con ngudi va moi trvdng trong phdt trien ben vung d nude
ta hien nay
Mdi tmdng lu nhien Id lat ca nhung gi tgo nen moi tmdng sdng xung quanh con
ngudi. Do la to hgp ciia cac yeu to nhu: ldi nguyen thidn nhien, khdng khi, dat, nude,
khi hau, dnh sdng, cdnh quan,... Theo Ludt Bdo ve mdi tmdng: "Moi tmdng bao gom
cdc yeu to ty nhien va yeu td vdt chat nhan tgo quan he mat thidt vol nhau, bao quanh
con ngudi, ed anh hudng tdi ddi song, san xudt, sy ton tai, phdt triin ciia con ngudi vd
tiiidn nhien" (Didu 1). Neu ndi dilu kidn cua mdi tmdng ly nhien Id dja bdn va doi
tupng cua sy phat tridn, thi phdt trien Id nguyen nhdn tao ndn cdc bidn doi cua mdi
tmdng. Vdi tu cdch la mpt thyc the ty nhien, vdi sy van ddng (hoat dpng) ciia minh, con
ngudi song, tdn tai vd phdt trien cimg vdi moi tmdng cua ty nhidn. Mpi sy xao trpn vl
mdi tmdng ly nhidn se tde dpng tryc tidp den cdc hoat ddng, chat Iugng cudc sing cua
con ngudi, bdi giira chiing cd mdi quan he chat che vdi nhau.
Mdi tmdng tu nhien trong phdt trien kinh te co mdi quan he khdng khit, chat chg vdi
con ngudi, nd tac dpng thudng xuyen (hang ngay, hang gid), true tilp anh hudng tdi su
tin tgi vd phdt tridn ciia con ngucri. Chiing la co Ihl khdi qudt vl mii quan he do tren
mpt si npi dung: Mdi Uudng ty nhien Id dieu kidn Ihudng xuyen, cdn thill cho sy ton lai
vd phdt trien cua xd hpi lodi ngudi; Mdi tmdng ty nhien Id khung cdnh lao dpng, nai
nghi ngoi. vui choi, giai tri ciia con ngudi; Mdi tmdng ty nhien Id noi phdt trien tri tue

•TS . Vi^n Nghien ciru Con ngucri. Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam.
jg

NgNin

cUu Con ngudf sg6(lOS)

2oi9


Truang Vdn DUng
tham mT va nhihig phdm chat tot dep cua con ngudi; Mdi tmdng ty nhien cung Id noi
tilp nhgn, bidn doi cdc chdt thdi ciia con ngudi.
Trong phdt triin kinh ll xa hdi cua eon ngudi, moi Uudng t\x nhien cd quan hp khdng
khit, chdt che, tdc dpng qua lai Ian nhau Uong mpt thd can bdng va thong nhdt. Mdi
tmdng ty nhien cung cdp nguyen lieu va khdng gian cho sdn xudt xd hpi, no khdng chi
cung cap "dau vao" ma cdn chiia dyng ca "dau ra" Uong qua trinh sdn xudt vd ddi sdng.
Cdc hogt dpng san xuat la mpt qua trinh bdt dau tu vide su dung nguydn, nhien lipu, vgt
tu, thiet bj mdy mdc, dat dai, co sd vgl chat kT thual, sue Iao dpng cua con ngudi dl tgo
ra sdn pham hang hda. Ma nhtmg dgng vat chat tren khdng phdi gi khde chinh Id cdc yiu
to moitiirdng.Cac hoal dpng sdng eiing khdng the tdch rdi yeu td mdi tmdng ly nhidn:
nhu khong khi de thd, nhd de d, phuong tipn di Igi,... Nhu vdy, chinh cac yiu tl mdi
tmdng Id "dau vao" cua qud trinh sdn xudt vd cdc hoal dpng sdng ctia con ngudi. Dong
tiidi, moi tmdng ty nhien eiing lgi Id noi chiia dyng, dong hda "ddu ra" cdc chdt thai cua
qua trinh sdn xuat, ddi sdng con ngudi. Trong cdc chdt thdi ndy, cd the cd nhieu logi dpc
hgi lam d nhiem, suy thoai gay ra cac sy co ve moi tmdng. Van de dat ra la can phdi Iam
till ndo de hgn ehl thdp nhdt cdc chdt thdi, ddc bipt Id chat thdi gay d nhiem, tdc dOng
tieu eye doi vdi moi tmdng ty nhidn.
Sy gidu ngheo cua moi quoc gia cung phy thupc khd nhidu vdo ngudn lai nguyen
thidn nhien. Thyc tl, rdt nhidu quic gia cd sy phdt tridn kinh te - xd hpi chii ydu dya trdn
CO sd khai thde tdi nguydn dl xual khau, ddi lay ngoai tp, thidt bj cdng nghe hien dgi,...
Cd thd khdng djnh, tdi nguyen noi ridng vd mdi tmdng ty nhien ndi chung cd vai trd
quydt djnh ddi vdi sy phdt tridn ben virng vd kinh te - xd hpi ciia moi qudc gia, viing

Idnh thd vd dja phuang.
Trong qud trinh phdt tridn kinh Id vdi mye lieu nang cao dieu kien sdng ve vat chat
vd linh than ciia con ngudi thong qua vide sdn xuat ra cua cdi vgt chal, edi lien quan he
xd hpi, ndng cao chdt Iugng van hoa, chung ta bill ring, tii com an, nude udng, thudc
chtta benh, qudn do diu Id sdn phdm tii thien nhidn thong qua qua trinh Iao dpng ciia
chinh con ngudi. Con ngudi lya chpn, tao dyng cudc sdng cho minh tu mdi tmdng ty
nhien, con ngudi se tdc dpng vdo mdi tmdng, sy tdc ddng do cd tiid theo cd hudng tich
cyc vdtieueye. Su tac dpng cua con ngudi ldng theo sy gia ldng quy md dan sd vd tiieo
hinhtiiaikinh tl, tii chd Id thudc, bj dpng din cai lao, chinh phyc tu nhidn. Sy tdc dgng
tich c{rc ciia con ngudi vao mdi tmdng tii nhidn duge till hien qua vide tan dyng khai thac
ldi nguyen thien nhidn, cdc yiu ll mdi tmdng nhdm phuc vu cudc sdng ciia minh. Ngugc
Igi, neu sy tdc dpng dd theo hudng tieu cue khidn cho mdi tmdng ty nhidn bj hiiy hoai,
tan phd, dan din Idm biin dii khi hau, thay ddi tdng ozdn, sinh ra d nhiem mdi tmdng,
NgNin cOu Con ngudf sg6(105} 2019

57


Tde dgng cua pno^^
han hdn, bdo lu, bdnh djch,... Qua dd cho chiing ta thdy, giita mdi trudng va sy ph^*
tridn ludn cd mdi quan hp chdt che. Mdi tmdng la dja bdn vd ddi tupng ciia s\f ph^^
Uidn, cdn phat Uidn Id nguydn nhan tao nen eac biin ddi eiia mdi tmdng. Mdi uudng ty
nhien tdc ddng den su phat trien kinh tl tiidng qua viec suy thodi nguon tdi nguyen - doi
lupng eua sy phat Uidn kinh Id hodc gay ra cdc thdm hpa, thidn tai ddi vdi cac hogl dpng
kinh te xa hdi trong nude vd khu \arc. O cdc qudc gia cd trinh dp phdt triin kinh te khae
nhau eiing cd cac xu hudng gdy d nhiem mdi tmdng khde nhau. Dudi gdc dp an ninh
quoc gia, mdi tmdng cd lien quan tdi phdt trien bdn vflng ciia mpt qude gia, ddn tpc.
Khi kinh Id, xd hpi phdt trien cao se giiip chiing ta cd du dieu kien dam bdo an ninh quoc
phdng, giu vung dde lap chii quydn cua ddn lpc. Didu do Igi tao dilu kipn In djnh chinh
trj xd hpi dl phdt triin kinh te ddl nude. Van de d day Id phdi ludn dam bdo su hai hda

gitta phdt tridn vd bao ve mdi tmdng.
Tuy nhien, trong qud Uinh cdng nghidp hda, hien dgi hda, phdt trien ndng nghipp, du
Ijch; qud trinh dd thj hda, xay dyng ndng thdn mdi,... d Viet Nam da cd nhihig tdc dgng
manh me din sy phdt trien khong binh thudng cua mdi tmdng ty nhien nhu: d nhiem
ngudn nude, khdng khi, bao lu,... Vd thyc te, Vipt Nam hidn dang phdi ddi mdt vdi
thdch thirc mdi trudng cd nguy co ngay cang tang cao do sue dp phat tridn kinh te, sy
thay doi ca cau xd hgi vd nhimg bidn ddi trong ty nhidn, ddc bidt Id d nhiem rac thdi
nhya vd khdng khi. 6 nhiem mdi tmdng da din muc dang Io nggi, dang de dpa, dnh
hudng den ddi sdng, tdi sdn vd sinh ke cua hang trieu ngudi, chung la dang phdi dii
dien vdi sy "phat tridn" ciia benh tdt, ddc bipt la benh ung thu, bdnh vl dudng hd hap,
tim mgch, tieu hda, didc, cao huyet dp, benh tram cam, benh mdl ngu,... do la hien tupng
eiia sy d nhiem ldng ozdn, khdng khi, ngudn nude sinh hoat, ciia chdt thdi cong nghipp
gdy ra ldm dnh hudng nghiem trpng ddn moi trudng sinh thdi vd sue khde con ngudi. Tu
cdc van dd neu Uen dd cho chung la thay: mdi Irudng, con ngudi vd phdt triin bin vtmg
cd moi quan he rdt chdt che vdi nhau. Do do, dl dam bdo phat iriln bin vung, cdn khai
tilde hgp li tai nguyen tiiien nhidn, mdi tmdng; thyc hidn san xudt sgch, phdt triin sdn
xuat di ddi vdi gidi phdp xir Ii mdi tmdng, bao tdn cac ngudn gen dpng, thuc vat* bao
tin da dgng sinh hpc. Bdo ve mdi tmdng khdng chi cd y nghTa vdi hipn tai, md quan
Upng hon nd ddm bdo su phdt tridn on dinh, ben vttng trong tuong lai. Nlu hdm nay
chiing ta khdng quan tdm tdi mdi Uudng, khdng ldm tit cdng tdc bdo ve mdi tmdng
Iam cho mdi tmdng bi buy hoai, tan phd vd xuong cdp thi Uong tuong lai, con chau
chiing la chdc chdn sd phdi gdnh chiu nhttng hau qud xdu. Dd chinh Id sy phat triin
khdng cd tinh bin viing giiia mdi tmdng vdi phdt triin con ngudi.
NgNin ciiu Con nguM «d«ff05j 2019


Truong Vdn DUng
1. Tdc dpng cua phat trien kinh te tdi moi tnrdng va con ngudi
2.1. Tdc dgng tie qud trinh do thi ^^° ™ Z'*^' '"^" c^^ kh u cdng nghiep
Sy gia tdng cua cdc khu do thi vd khu cdng nghipp ciing la mdt bidu hipn eua sy tdng

tnrdng vd phdt triin kinh td xd hpi, dilu dd la dang mimg. Tuy nhidn, phdt triin nhanh,
tdng tmdng qud nong cung vdi sy mdt can ddi, phd vo quy hoach, ihudng mang lgi
nhihig hp qua khdn ludng cho con ngudi vd xd hpi. Theo si lieu, tinh din thdng
11/2019, eac khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te Udn cd nude da thu hiit dupc khodng 820 dy
an ddu tu nude ngodi va 650 dy dn ddu tu Uong nude, vdi tdng vin thu hiil ddu tu va
dilu chinh tang vdn dat khoang 14,7 ti USD va 92.000 ti ddng (Nguydn Hoang, 2019).
Cdntinhdin hittiidng5/2018, Viet Nam cd khodng 813 dd Uii cdc loai (bao gom cd cdc
dd thj trong khu kinh td, khu cdng nghiep,...), kinh td khu vyc dd tiii chilm ti Ip 70%
Uong long GDP (Ld Anh, 2018). Ciing vdi sy gia ldng manh me cdc khu dd thj la sy gia
tdng dan sd, theo kdt qud Dieu tra dan sd ndm 2019 "Dan so khu vyc thdnh tiij d Viet
Nam ndm 2019 la 33.059.735 ngudi, chilm 34,4%; khu vyc ndng tiidn Id 63.149.249
ngudi, chilm 65,6%" (Ngo Huyen, 2019). Khu vuc do thi mang Iai nhidu gid trj sdn xudt
cdng nghipp, gid trj xuat nhgp khau, lien bp khoa hpc cong nghe va cd tdc dyng Ian Ida,
thiic ddy sy phdt tridn kinh te xd hdi d cae viing va trong cd nude. Tuy nhien, ben cgnh
nhttng thdnh tyu dgt duge trong qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, dd thi hda tai Viet Nam thi dd
ndy sinh nhttng bat cgp, hp lyy xau tac dgng den cudc sdng con ngudi khd nghiem trpng.
Tmde hit, dd thj ldng nhanh, nhung ti Upng dat danh cho xdy dyng co sd hg tang rat
tiiap, tu do Iam cho cac cong trinh hg lang xa hdi nhu: giao thdng, y id, gido dye, vdn
hda (thiiu khdng gian sinh hoat vdn hda cdng ddng), cdng vidn cay xanh... qua chat
hep. NghTa Id ha tang chua tuong xiing vdi tdc dp tang tmdng kinh te, xd hdi, ehua dap
ling nhu cau su dung eiia ngudi ddn, khdng tuong thich vdi quy chuan ciia phdt trien dd
thj, dan den tinh trgng ach tdc giao thdng, img nggp, 6 nhidm mdi uudng (nude, khdng
khi, rac thai,...) vd ddc bipt hg tdng kT thuat chua dam bao ket ndi gitta cac dd thj vd
gitta eac khu vyc trong timg dd thj. Cdc he luy do da tac dgng mgnh me tdi mdi tmdng
sdng vd phdt uidn cua ngudi dan. Hidn lugng 6 nhiem mdi tmdng dupc thd hien d mpt
si m$l CO ban nhu: d nhidm khdng khi (byi cdng tmdng, khdi xe, khoi nhd may san xuat
cdng nghipp); ngudn nude, rac tiidi ddn sinh, rac thai edng nghiep, Idng nghd, rac thdi y
tl,... Tai cdc dd tiii, viec chilm dung ddt cdng, san ldp mat bang, sdng ngdi, Ian chidm
Idng ll dudng dl Idm nha va xay dyng trdi phep, sai phep cdn dien ra thudng ngdy
(khdng kl dd Id do tiii Idn hay nhd) gay ra nggp ung, ach tac giao thdng. Xu Ii nude thdi

chua duge chii trgng tgi hdu hit cdc dd thj, thiiu sy ddng bp trong xay dyng va khai thac
NgNfy\ cAi Con ngudf sg6(105) 2019

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tac

agngluuy

he tiidng ha tang kT thugt dpe cdc myen dudng tgi cdc do thj. Hp thing ca\ xanh cong
vien d nhieu dd thj chua duge quan tdm. thidu quy hogch vd ke hogch triin khai dau tu,
mdt nude (sdng. hd didu hda) uong nhieu do tiii bj suy gidm. Trong mpt nghien ciiu cua
Quy Ddn sd Lien hgp qudc (UNFPA) cho thdy, chdt lugng khdng khi tgi Hd Npi vd Tp.
Ho Chi Minh thude vdo logi toi nhdt uong khu vyc, tgi Hd Npi cd thdi didm ndng dp byi
sidu min trong gid cao dilra Idn tdi 27.000 - 31.000 hgt/cm^ Cimg vdi dd Id d nhiem rdc
thai, chiridngrac thdi sinh hogt, moi ngdy tgi Ha Npi thai ra udc tinh khoang 6.500 tan.
Nhung vdn dl nguy hidm la d chd. rdc thai ciia Hd Ngi hipn nay chii yeu la chdn lap
(khodng 89%) (Trang Ninh, 2019), ma chua xu li dupe bdng cdng nghe cao, day la nguy
COtiimdn dan din d nhiem ngudn nude ngam rdt Idn,... Cd noi, hogt dpng eua cdc nhd
mdy trong khu cdng nghipp da pha vd hp thing thiiy Igi, tao ra nhflng cdnh ddng hgn
hdn, ngdp lyt vd d nhiem nguon nude tudi, gdy trd nggi rat Idn cho sdn xual ndng
nghiep- Thyc trang do Iam cho mdi tmdng sinh thai d mgt sd dja phuong bj d nhiem
nghiem trpng. Cpng ddng dan cu, nhdt Id cae cpng ddng dan cu ldn can vdi cdc khu
cdng nghiep dang phdi dii mdl vdi thdm hpa vd mdi tmdng, hg phdi sdng chung vdi
khdi byi, ulng nude lu ngudn 6 nhiem chat thdi cdng nghipp.
Hidn nay, do thj Viet Nam dang phai dil mdt vdi cae van de yl bien ddi khi hgu. Bidn
doi khi hgu gay bdo, lu lyt vd nude bien dang tac dpng ddn phdt trien hp thdng dd thj ven
biin vd cdc vimg ddng bdng ldn, tren 40 tinh c6 nguy co ngdp cao (cdc vimg Ddng bdng
sdng Cim Long, Ddng bdng sdng Hdng, Duydn hdi ven bidn mien Tmng, Ddng Nam Bp),

khodng 128 dd thj cd nguy co cao bj ngdp, 20 dd thi ed nguy co nggp n^g; biin doi khi
hgu gdy mua Idn, lu quel, sgi Id dat tdc ddng din phdt trien he thing dd thi vimg niii phfa
Bdc, Tay Nguyen va mien Tnmg, 31 linh (thugc cdc vimg: Trung du vd mien niii phia
Bdc, Bdc Trung Bg vd Duyen hai midn Trung, Tdy Nguyen, Ddng Nam Bp), khodng 139
ddtii;chiu dnh hudng, 15 dd thj ed khd ndng chiu tdc dgng manh (Biii Hdng, 2014).
Nguyen nhdn chinh vd chu yeu ldm phdt sinh hp luy dd Id do trong qud trinh phdt triin,
ehiing ta khdng nhflng thieu quy hoach long the ma cdn pha vd cde quy hogch dd cd. Hau
het cdc qu\' hogch phdt trien ciia Viet Nam diu bj pha vd chi Uong mpt tiidi gian ngdn dd
gdy Idng phi tdi nguyen ddt dai, ngudn lyc cua ddt nude. Vipc phd vd quy hogch dan din
hien lugng chdp va trong quy hoach khien mdt lidn nhidu thanh phd bj bdm ndt bdi linh
trgng ehia Id, nhd dng ddy ddc. Tdm nhin ngdn hgn vdi mong mudn khai thde nhanh
nhttng lpi ich tmde mdt, hang ngdn dy dn bao quanh cdc thdnh phi ciing dd duge chuyin
dii mye dich cho cac cdng ty kinh doanh bdt dpng sdn vdi hg tdng chdp vd, tgm bg. Tir dd
tiij Idn, nhan bdn ldi cdc dd thi nhd khidn gid day tim ddt xdy tmdng hpc, bpnh vipn, khu

60

NgNin ciiu Con ngudf agt(i05) 2019


Truang Vdn DUng
vui choi gidi tri, cdng vien,... trd ndn nan giai, tinh trgng ngdp iing, tdc dudng, d nhiem
ngdy cdng gia tdng. Tinh trgng Bng phi ddt dai uong cac dd thi chua duge khde phyc, hieu
qua dau tu xdy dyng cdn tiiap dnh hudng ddn phdt trien difn mgo dd thi vd phdt trien bin
vttng con ngudi. Tinh khdng bdn vung cdn the hien d cho, qua trinh dd thj hda nhanh
khidn cho nhidu Iao dgng vdn dT gdn lien vdi ndng nghidp khdng kip chuyin dii nghi.
Nhttng nghi ngudi ndng dan lam tai do thi nhu: xe dm, cuu vgn, phy hd, giiip viec,...
khdng CO tdc dyng din ndng cao tay nghi cho lyc lupng sdn xudt hay ddy mgnh tiln trinh
tang ndng sudt, chdt Iugng lao dpng xd hpi. Mpt sd "nghd" cdn cho thdy mdt trdi, mdm
ming xuat hipn cua Id ngn xd hpi. Di dan gay dp lyc vl ha tdng cho nhilu dd thj, ti-ong khi

ndng thdn khdng cd ngudi ldm mgng, xudt hidn tinh trang nha khdng c6 ngudi d, mpng
vudn bd khdng, ndng thdn chi cd ngudi gia vd Ue nhd. Vd nguyen nhan culi cimg la xu Ii
chua nghiem, chua kip thdi cdc hdnh vi vi pham ve mdi tmdng. Chi ridng uong ndm 2018
va qua dudng day nong cua Tdng cue Mdi tmdng dd nhan dupe ling sd 1.143 thdng tin
phdn dnh ve 6 nhiem mdi tmdng tren pham vi cd nude, trong dd cd 542 viec hodn thdnh
viec xu Ii vd phan hdi tdi ngudi dan; mgt sd vy vide dang dupc cdc dia phuong xdc minh,
xu li'... Qua dd cho thay, cdn nhidu vi phgra radi Irudng duge phdt hipn qua nhieu kenh
tiidng tin khae nhau nhung chua duge xu li vd ehua bj phdt hien.
2.2. Tdc dgng tH" qud trinh phdt trien kinh te ndng nghiep, nong than
Chu tnrcmg, chinh sdch ciia Ddng va Nhd nude ve xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi Id hoan
toan diing ddn, vdi kel qud dat duge Id ddi sdng van hda (vdt chat vd tinh thdn) ciia ngudi
dan khdng ngimg duge nang len, ti Ie hg ddi ngheo ngay cang giam manh, miic sdng va
thu nhgp ciia ngudi ndng ddn ngdy cdng duge ndng cao, hg tang kinh te, xa hpi ngdy cdng
dupc cdi thipn. Tuy nhien, ben cgnh nhung thdnh tyu do, ngudi ddn ndng thdn cung dang
phai ganh chju nhung hgu qua ngng nl eua d nhiem mdi tmdng. Ciing xuat phdt lu nhttng
vdn de tdng Uudng ndng, vdn dd Id chiic lai sdn xuat, van dd quy hogch manh miin, dan
den dudng bd tdng, nhd dng dua nhau mpc Ien, nude thai chdy loanh quanh rdi cudi ciing
Igi dan ra ao hd Uong ldng, dau dau eung trdn ngap rdc thai sinh hogt, rdc thai cdng
nghiep, rac thdi ndng nghiep (cdc Ioai thuoc tni sau, phdn bdn). Do do, hien cdn cd qua
nhieu viing nong thdn bj d nhiera bdi raui hdi thdi tii cdc cdng trinh chan nudi, cdng trinh
v$ sinh, nude thdi cdc khu cdng nghiep, ldng nghd,... trong khi do cong tdc xir Ii d nhiem

' c i n g thfing tin di^n tu Bp T^i nguyen va moi truing. 2019. 'T6ng cyc Moi tnrcmg cSn bSm sSl Nghj quyet
01 nftm 2019 cua Chinh phu de hknh dpng va biit pha", ( ngiy truy c^p
03/01/2019.
Nghiin eOu Con ngudf sg 6(105} 2019

61

tac agng c-uuti
mdi tmdng chua dupc quan tdm tiiyc sy. Chdng hgn, din nay, ti Ip ldng nghd c6 tiiu gom
nude thai tap trung chi chidm 27.6% tdng sd Iang nghd cd nude tiidi cdng nghiep' ^^^^
dd ti Id Iang nghd cd nude tiidi xu Ii tap tnmg dgt lieu ehudn mdi trudng chilm 16.1%; H
le lang nghd ed diem thu gom chat thdi rdn cdng nghipp chilm 20,9% tdng so Idng nghe
CO chat thai ran cdng nghidp (Bd Ndng nghipp va phdt triin ndng thdn, 2019). Nhu vgy,
ed the thdy, cdn hdng udm ldng nghe chua khde phyc dupc hidn tugng d nhiem mdi
trudng. Hon nira, uong qua trinh kinh doanh lu trdng Ugi, chan nudi, thu hogch, bdo qudn,
so ehl ddn che bien thdnh phdm dang su dyng mgt cdch luy tipn cdc Ioai thudc trir sau,
thudc bao vd thyc vat, phy gia vd cdc chat cdra vao luong thyc, thyc pham dd eung cap
cho thj tmdng.
Ben cgnh dd, hidn tugng virt bira bdi cdc logi bao bi thuoc thii y, bdo ve thyc vdt trdn ede
canh ddng, bd mgng chua dupc tiiu gom xu li dd gdp phdn Iam d nhiera radi tmdng, ngudn
nude,.... Theo bao cao ciia Bg Ndng nghiep vd phat trien ndng thdn, linh den thdng 5/2019,
ddn si khu vyc ndng thon Vipt Nam cd hon 62,3 trieu ngudi, nude thai sinh hogt d khu vyc
ndng thdn cd tdng khdi Iugng la khodng hon 6,2 tiieu ra^/ngay dera. Cd nude cd 3.210 xd
vd 19,5 nghin thdn cd he thdng thodt nude tiidi sinh hogt (chiem 35,8% tdng sd xa va 24,4%
tdng sd tiidn) (Bg Nong nghiep vd phdt tridn ndng thdn, 2019). Tuy nhidn, Ihye trgng hi$n
nay cho thdy, hdu het ede hg gia dinh ndng tiidn mdi chi dp dyng bien phap xu Ii so bp (bl
phot) ddi vdi nude thdi ttt nhd \'e sinh (nude den), phdn nude thai cdn lgi tu cae hogt dpng
sinh hogt khde (nude xam) hdu nhu khdng dupc thu gom vd xii Ii. Hp qua la, hipn d cdc dja
phuong (vimg ndng thdn) Uong ca nude cd "37 ldng ung thu", cde ngudn nude dn udng,
sinh hoat lgi cdc Idng nay ddu d nhidm ndng. Cy Ihl, hon 80% kit qua phan tich mhi vi sinh
vupt tidu chuan cho phdp, hon 65% kdl qud phan tieh nhiem bdn vugt tieu chudn cho phdp,
hon 30% sd mau cd tdng hdm lupng sat. nhdm, cadimi, benzen, bentazone, phenol, asen,
mangan vupt tieu chudn cho phep (Phan Song Ngdn, 2015). Ddy Id nhimg mii de dpa nguy
hidm tryc tiep tdi con ngudi, ddn phdt trien bin vung, ddc bipt Id ngudi ddn ndng thdn hidn
nay. Vimg Ddng bdng sdng Cim Long hipn dang Id diim ndng ciia 6 nhiera radi tnrdng.
Chiing ta biit rdng, ddy la vimg kinh Id ndng nghipp upng diim, ludn dung ddu ed nude v l
nhilu mdl hdng ndng sdn, tiiiiy san. Tuy nhien, nude tiidi ttt hogt dpng canh lac ndng nghidp

hdu nhu khdng tiid kidm sodt.
Theo bao cao ciia Ngdn hdng Thd gidi, hdu hit ndng dan trdng liia deu su dune nhdn
bdn vd thudc bdo vd thyc vdt nhidu hon miic duge khuyin nghj. Vd theo tinh loan moi
ndra cd khoang 1.790 tdn hoal chdt tiiudc diet dc sen, 210 tdn hogt chdt tiiulc diet cd
1.224 tin boat chat tiiudc trir sdu vd 4.245 tdn hoat chdt tiiudc dipt ndm duge su dyne d
52

^^^*"

"'^ ^^

"*'•** '^SfWS; 2019


Tnrong Vdn DUng
thua yong sdn xudt liia d Ding bdng sdng Ctm Long. Bdn canh do, hoat dgng nudi ti^ng
thiiy sdn ciing dang Id nguon gay d nhiem mdi tmdng cue bg tren cdc sdng vimg Ddng
bang sdng Cuu Long. Todn vimg co dien tich nudi thiiy sdn nude ngpt, nude mdn trdn
685.800 ha, bdng gdn 60% ciia cd nude. Chi tinh rieng tgi tinh An Giang da cd 102 co sd
nudi uong tiiiiy san phdt sinh nude tiiai tii 1.000 - 70.000 raVngay ddm (Mai Chi, 2019).
Mpt dieu hit sttc quan nggi la bim phu sa Idng dpng Uong ao nudi udng tiiuy sdn thdi ra
hang ndm trong qua trinh vd sinh va ngo vet ao nudi Id nguon gay d nhidm ehinh; chdt thdi
ao nudi cdng nghiep ciing Id ngudn co thd gay d nhidm moi tmdng va djch bdnh tiiuy san
phdt sinh trong moi tmdng nude. Tinh den giira ndm 2018, loan viing cd 37 khu cdng
nghipp tgi 12 tinh, thanh phd dang hogt dpng. Hdu het cac khu cdng nghipp, cym edng
nghipp tgp tmng tren dja bdn cdc tinh vung Ddng bdng sdng Cmi Long ddu nam dpc tuyin
sdng Hdu vd sdng Tien, hoat ddng Uong ITnh vyc chd bidn thiiy sdn ddng Ianh xual khau.
Ti le khu cdng nghipp co hp thdng xir li nude thai tgp tmng tren dja ban cdc tinh Ddng
bdng sdng Cuu Long la 89%, tuong ducmg ti le trung binh cd nude (88,5%). Trong tdng
so 52 cym cdng nghipp cd 17 cym cdng nghiep da cd he thdng xu Ii nude thdi tgp tiling,

chilm ti Ie 33%, ddy Id ti lp khd cao so vm cdc vimg khde (li Id Uung binh loan qudc la 16)
(Mai Chi, 2019). Nhu vgy, van cdn mdl Iugng dang kd nude thai khdng qua xu Ii hodc xu
li khdng dat tidu chuan xd ra mdi trudng. Day la mgt trong nhimg nguydn nhan khien cho
tdi nguydn nude bl mdl trdn sdng Tien, sdng Hdu vd cdc cira sdng thdng ra bidn dd bj d
nhiem do chdt hfln co vd vi sinh Id: BOD, COD, Colifonn, H2S, NH4, phen sdt,... Bill
rdng, dl dap img nhu cdu luong thyc, thyc pham hang ngdy, con ngudi khdng the chi dya
vdo thidn nhien vd su dyng cdc phuong phdp canh tdc cd xua ma phdi dua lien bp khoa hpc
- kTtiiugtvao sdn xuat va ddi sdng nham ndng eao nang suat lao ddng vd chat lugng cugc
sdng. Nhung, d nude la hidn nay, trong cac sdn phdm lieu tiiu hang ngay cdn tdn du qud
nhidu hda chdt dgc hgi gay ra nhung vy ngd ddc nghiem tipng. Cac hogt ddng sdn xuat tiiam
canh ldng vy, trong trdng trpt va nudi tring thiiy san dd bgc Ig mdt trai nhu: Gay d nhiem
mdi trudng, mdt cdn bdng sinh tiidi, sut lun ddt, suy giam mgch nude ngdm; cdc ngudn chat
thai trong sdn xudt nong nghiep, chan nudi, nudi thiiy sdn vd nude thai ndng tiidn,... chua
dupc xu li tiiet dl dang d nhidm mdi trudng vd nguy co lay lan dich bdnh. Dieu do ldm dnh
hudng Idn din sue khde con ngudi. Ben canh nhung anh hudng tryc tiep, cdc vu ngp dgc
anh hudng din siic khde con ngudi, nhttng hda chdt dgc hai do cdn dd lgi nhttng di chimg
tidm an lau dai, gay ra nhilu chiing bdnh nan y rad con ngudi phdi ganh chiu. Theo thdng kd
ciia Bp Y tl, hang ndm, cd nude cd gdn 200.000 ngudi bi benh ung ihu mdi phdt hipn vd cd
70.000 ngudi chit vi cdn bdnh ndy (Trdn Ngpe, 2016). Mpt yong nhung nguydn nhdn

Nghibi cdu Con ngudf sg6(105) 2019

63


Tdc dgng cuu pru
CO bdn dan den tinh uang bpnh ung tiiu ngay edng gia tdng. tiieo ddnh gid tdng hgp cua Bg
Y td vd Bp Tdi nguyen va mdi Uudng Id do mdi Uudng song ngdy cdng xuong cap
nghiem upng.
2.3. Tdc ddng tu viec khai thac tdi nguyen thien nhien

Chiing ta bidt rdng, rimg Id Id phdi xanh ciia Trdi ddt. Id nguon song ciia eon ngudi.
Nhtmg rung dang bj de dpa nghiem trpng, linh trgng chdt phd d muc bdo dpng dd. Neu
nhu khdng bidt quy trpng va bdo \ e rimg thi cupc sdng eiia chinh con ngudi cung dang bi
huy hogi nghidm Upng. Theo bdo cdo cua Bp Ndng nghipp vd phdt Uiln ndng thdn, tinh
din ngdy 31/12/2018, dien tich ddt cd rimg lodn qudc la 14.491.295 ha; Uong dd: rimg ty
nhien 10.255.525 ha, rimg trdng 4.235.770 ha. Dien ti'ch ddt cd rung du tidu chuan dl tinh dp
che phil toan qudc Id 13.785.642 ha; ti Id che phii Id 41,65%^. Theo Ting cue Lam nghiep
(Bp Ndng nghiep vd phdt Uien ndng thdn), chi hon 5 ndm (lir ndm 2012 - 2017), dipn tich
rimg ly nhien bi mdt do chuydn rauc dich su dyng rimg tgi cdc dy dn duge duypt chiem
89% tdng didn tich rung gidm; cdn Igi Id do phd rimg trdi phdp Iuat lam mat 11%. Ttt tong
hpp ciia 58 tinh, thdnh phd trdn ed nude cho thay, trong khodng 5 ndm qua, cac eo quan
nhd nude dd phd duyet ehuyen myc dich sii dyng rimg gan 38.300 ha/1.892 dy dn. Trong
dd rimg ty nhien gan 19.000 ha. rimg Udng hon 15.800 ha, dat chua co rimg quy hogch
cho ldm nghipp trdn 3.500 ha'. Ddng Iuu y, mpt so vy phd rimg nghiem trpng d cdc tinh
Tdy Nguyen, Qudng Nam, Qudng Ngdi, Binh Djnh, Nghd An, Bdc Kan, Didn Bidn duge
phdt hipn chdm.
Theo Bg Ndng nghipp va phdt trien ndng thdn, ehinh vide xu Ii thiiu kien quyll,
khdng nhdt quan, thdm ehi cd bieu hidn ne tranh trdch nhiem, ldm ngo, tilp tay cho
ngudi phd rimg, gay thiet hai ldn ddi vdi tai nguydn rimg, gdy bue xuc trong xa hpi.
Rimg tiid hien vai trd khdng thd thay thd trong cupc sdng eua con ngudi. Rimg ddng vai
U6 quan Ugng Uong cupc chiln chdng biin ddi khi hdu todn cdu, cung cdp dxy cho khi
quyen vd gitt Igi Iugng Idn CO2 thdi ra. Rimg gdp phdn tich trtt nude eho cdc ddng sdng,
Id nguon cung cap nude cho gdn 50% cac thdnh phd Idn nhdt thi gidi. Rdng tao ra vd
duy tri dp phi nhieu cho ddt; giiip didu chinh tde dgng Ueu eye eiia cdc hien tugng thdi
tiet cyc doan nhu bdo, lu vd hgn ban,... Tdm quan trpng cua rimg cdn thi hien d cho
rimg Id hp sinh thdi cd gid tri da dang ldn nhdt vd Id noi sinh sdng ciia hon mpt nua cac
lodi dpng vat, tiiyc vdt va cdn Itnng tren can,... Hien nay, sinh k l cua 1,6 ti ngudi tren

- Ngu6n: Quy^l djnh so 91 l/QD-BNN&PTNT-TCLN ngiy 19/3/2019 cua Bp Nong nghiep vi phit tri^
n6ng thon \ e C6ng bA hien tr?ng rimg toin qu6c d^n ng4y 31/12/2018.

"
'Tiili$udad^tr€n.
^

NgNin cuU Con nguit Mge(ios) 2019


Tnrong Vdn DUng
Trai dat phy thupc vdo rimg. Do do, bdl chap tat cd lgi ich vd gid v l sinh thdi, kinh ll,
xd hpi vd sue khde, con ngudi dang khai thac rimg rapt each kha tuy tien. Viec phd rung
de Idra thiiy dien, kinh td; phd rimg de phat tridn co sd djch vy kinh doanh; phd rimg d l
dao md, khai thac Iam, khoang sdn; pha rimg de Iam nucmg ray, tham chi, phd rimg vi
nhttng nhu cdu qud "thye dyng"; chdt go dd lam thdt, ddt rimg dd ldy than hoa la mpt
thdm hpa cho con ngudi,
Theo tiling ke mdi nhdt cua Cyc Kiim Idra tiii 9 thdng ddu nam, ndm 2017 cd 155,68
ha rimg bj chdt phd vd 5.364,85 ha rung bj chdy. Didn tich rimg ty nhidn udn khdp cd
nude bj suy gidm nghidm trpng. Trong dd, dp che phii eua rimg chi ndm d con s i chua
day 40%. Dipn tieh rimg nguyen sinh chi cdn khoang 10% (Ngoc Cdm, 2016). Theo bdo
cdo ciia Bg Ndng nghipp vd phat triin ndng thdn, trong ndm 2018, lyc Iupng chuc ndng
da phat hipn tren 12.900 vi phgm phdp Iuat vd rimg, gidm 3.500 vy so vdi ndra 2017.
Trong sd vi phgra ndy co 1.727 vu pha rimg trdi phep (gidm 440 vy). Dipn tich rimg bj
thiet hgi Id 936 ha, giam 515 ha (tuong ung gidm 35%). Cd 11.289 vy vi phgm da dupc
xir li, trong do, xtt phat hdnh chinh 10.900 vy, gidm 3.077 vy (tuong img 22%) so vdi
ndm 2017. Didu dang ndi Id sd vy phd rimg giam nliung sd vy bj xtt Ii, khdi td hinh sy lai
tangmgnh'vdi363 vy, tang51 vy (tdng 16%) so vdi ndra 2017; tren 16.027m^ g5 cde loai
bj tjch tiiu (gidm 7% so vdi nam 2017). Cung trong ndm nay, cd 4.967 vy van ehuyin,
mua bdn trdi phdp lugt go va lam san (giam 25% so vdi ciing ndm 2017) bj phdt hien vd
xir Ii, tjch tiiu 16.027m^ go, trong dd, cd 7.236m' go Udn; 8.791m^ go xd (L.V., 2018).
Ciing vdi dd Id ngn phd rimg tren the gidi eung edn ddng Io nggi, theo sd lieu do Td chuc
Ndng Iuong Lien hgp qudc (FAO) cdng bd "mdi nam, cd khodng 130.000 km^ rung trdn

the gidi bj bien mat do nan pha rimg" (Tai Nguyen, 2019). Didu ndy khien cho radi
tmdng song ciia 2/3 lodi trdn Trdi ddt hi thu hep, da dang sinh hge bj suy giam. Bdn
cgnh dd, viec chuyen ddi ddt rimg sang ddt ndng nghidp, dat djnh cu, thu hoach gS
khdng ben vflng, qudn Ii ddt dai khdng hieu qua,... ciing la nhung li do phd bidn nhdt
cho sy that thoat rimg d rtiiieu khu vuc tren the gidi. Mdt rung lam mdt can bdng ngudn
nude, noi cd rimg bi tan phd Ihudng thiiu nude trdm ti-png. Ngudi ta udc tinh vdi ngn
phd rimg nhu hidn nay, tdi nam 2050, se cd 2 ti ngudi, tiic 20% dan s i thd gidi bi Ihilu
nude. Hau hdt sd ngudi phai chiu cdnh thidu nude nay ddu sdng d cde qudc gia dang
phat hidn. Ngoai ra, nguin thyc phdm ciing cd nguy ca bj de dga vi nude diing de tudi
tidu cQng trd ndn khan hiim. Qua thyc Id neu tren, chiing ta cd the nhdn thay dien tich
vimg ngay rapt giam ddn, ddn din ngn d nhidm mdi sinh, nan udi dat am ddn Idn, ngn
ddi kem, hgn han, lu lyt ngdy mdt tang ca vl tdn suat va cudng dp, ngn voi bd rimg vd
budn Idng giet hgi con ngudi, pha hogi tdi sdn da xdy ra. Rimg mdt di ddng nghTa Id
Nghiin cuu Con ngudf sg6{10S) 2019

65


Tdc dgng cua phi
tiiien tai nguy hidm nhu EL Nino. La Nina.... lidn tilp xdy ra. Lfl quet, lu ddu ngudn. sat
Id ddt. bidn ddi khi hgu, bdng tan,... Id nhflng con gidn dtt eiia thidn nhien de phan dnh
Igi sy tdn pha ctia con ngudi.
Thyc tien cho thay, de tdn tai vd phat trien, con ngudi ludn cdn mgt khodng khong
gian ddnh cho nha d, san xudt Iuong thyc vd tdi tgo mdi tmdng. Con ngudi cd the gia
tdng khdng gian sdng can thiet cho minh bdng viec khai thde vd ehuydn ddi ehue ndng
su dyng cua cdc loai khdng gian khae nhu khai hoang, phd rimg, cdi tgo cae vimg ddl va
nude mdi. Nhung vide khai thde qud muc khdng gian vd cdc dgng tdi nguydn Ihien
nhien sd dan din nhflng hgu qua ndng nd ma con ngudi phdi gdnh chju. Do dd, dd vira
dupc hudng cupe sdng cd chat Iupng cao vtta bao vp dupc mdi tmdng sdng Id ca rapt
van dl Idn vd phuc lgp. khdng chi gidi ban trong vide su dyng nhflng san pham tieu thy

ma cdn lien quan rdt nhilu din each cu xu cua chinh con ngudi vdi thidn nhidn. Rimg
mdl keo theo bao he luy. Mua bdo xay ra trdn Idnh thd Viet Nam ngay cdng tdng cd ve
ldn sudt vd mtte dp nguy hgi, trd thdnh mdi de dpa thuc su ddi vdi cugc sdng eua con
ngudi vd sy phdt triin ciia nin kinh te. Nan phd rimg ddu ngudn dl khai thde go, phdt
triin ndng nghiep, thiiy didn,... lam thdm thyc vgl tren cdc luu vyc ngay cdng gidm dan
din khd ndng gitt nude, can ddng chdy kem, tao ra lu dng, lu quel hiiy hoai ldi sdn, hoa
lgi, de dpa tinh mang con ngudi.
3. Mpt vai de xuat hudng den phat trien ben virng vi muc tieu phat trien con ngudi
Con ngudi va mdi trudng ed mdi quan he bien chirng, ehdt chd vdi nhau. Con ngudi
sdng Uong mdi trudng ndo thi chju sy tac dpng qua lgi cua mdi tmdng dd. Trong moi
quan hp vdi mdi trudng ty nhien, con ngudi lya chpn tao dung mdi tmdng sdng cua
minh ttt mdi tmdng ty nhien, tan dyng khai thac tdi nguyen thidn nhidn nhdm phyc vy
cupc sdng cua minh. Trong mdi quan he tucmg tdc, mdi trudng tu nhien lam nen ldng
eho cupc sdng ciia con ngudi. Neu con ngudi biet gidi ban dd vua su dyng vira bao vp
mdi tmdng ty nhien thi mdi quan he ngay cdng ben chdt vd ldn lai lau dai. Nhung qud
trinh phat tridn kinh te trong nhiing ndm vua qua da de lai hdu qud kha ndng nl cho mdi
tmdng sdng con ngudi hien nay. De khae phuc cdc van dd do va bao dam cho su phat
tridn bdn vung. ddi hdi phdi duy tri mdi quan he than thidn gitta con ngudi va mdi
tmdng, ngdn chdn nhflng tac dpng lidu cue ciia con ngudi tdi mdi tmdng ty nhidn vd x3
hpi. C\i thd, ehimg ta can phdi thyc hidn nhimg vdn dl sau:
Thir nhdt, tdng eudng ndng cao nhdn thue cho cpng ddng vd lara quan trpng ciia mdi
tmdng ddi vdi sue khde vd chat lugng cudc sdng con ngudi. Nang cao y thuc vd bdo vd
mdi Uudng lu moi ngudi ddn, moi gia dinh, moi dia phuang; xdc dinh "Bao vp mdi Inrdne
la sy nghipp eua lodn dan. To chuc, cd nhdn phdi cd trdch nhiem bdo ve mdi tmdne
66

NgNin ciiu Con ngua ag6{ios) 20ia


Truong Vdn Dung

tiii hdnh phdp lugt vl bdo vp mdi Uudng, cd quydn va ed trdch nhidm phdt hipn, to cdo
hdnh vi vi phgm phdp lugl ve bdo vd mdi tmdng" (Dieu 6, Lual Bao vd mdi uudng);
Thudng xuydn cdng khai cac tiidng tin, sd lieu lidn quan din tinh hinh d nhiem vd cdc
nguon gay d nhiem mdi tmdng trdn cac phucmg tidn tmyen thdng de ndng cao y thue
cua ngudi ddn trong bdo ve mdi tmdng sdng Uong dd thi. Tuydn tmyen, vgn dgng,
khuyin khieh ngudi dan stt dyng cdc nhien lieu sgch Uong sinh hoat, su dyng diing cdch
hon, quy djnh cdc hoa chdt, thudc bao ve thuc vat trong hogl ddng sdn xudt, kinh doanh
bao ddm khdng gay d nhidm khdng khi, ngudn nude vd vd sinh mdi trudng.
Thir hai, thuc day vipc lap vd thyc hidn quy hoach bdo ve mdi tmdng, quy hogeh dd
thj phdi gdn vdi bao ve mdi tmdng, cd cde gidi phdp, kd hogch. Id trinh thyc hipn quy
hogch xdy dyng kdl hgp bao ve mdi tmdng, bdo ve ngudn nude. LTU lien phdt triin giao
tiidng cdng cpng, ddc bidt la cac phuang tien giao thdng cdng cgng hipn dai, khdng gay
d nhiem. Kl hogch dl ra muc lieu long quat la hudng ldi tdng cudng edng tdc qudn Ii
chat Iugng khdng khi thdng qua kiem soat ngudn phdt sinh khi thdi; gidra sat chdt Iugng
khdng khi xung quanh nhdm cai thidn chdt lugng mdi tmdng khdng khi vd bdo dam sue
khde cpng ding. Cdn xem vide phdt trien phuong tidn van chuydn cdng cpng Id gidi
phdp trpng tam dl gidm nguy co tde nghen giao thdng vd d nhiem mdi tmdng dd thj.
Cac chiln luge, chinh sdch quy hogch dd thi can phai cd lam nhin ehien luge lau ddi, ttt
20 ndm tdi 50 ndm, tam nhin 100 ndm.
Thir ba ,kilm soat byi trong qua trinh thi cdng, van chuyen nguydn vat lieu, chat thdi
lgi cdc cdng tmdng xdy dyng; ddu tu, thyc hien ddi radi eong nghe, quy trinh san xudt,
thiet bj sdn xudt tgi cdc ca sd sdn xudt cdng nghiep nhdm hgn che phat sinh khi thdi; tidp
tyc ddu lu xdy dyng, ldp ddt, van hanh cdc he thing thill bj xu Ii khi thai phdt sinh tii
cdc eo sd cdng nghiep, bao ddm khdng gay d nhiem mdi tmdng khdng khi,... Ddc bipt
phdi tiiilt lap Iai vd thyc hien vipc phdn logi rdc thdi lgi nguon, giiip tdi ehl rdc thdi, tiet
kiem tdi nguyen, tao ndng Iugng mdi, san phdm cd ich nhu phan bdn, khi racial phyc vy
sdn xuat dien. Khuydn khich dp dyng cac bidn phap gidm thidu khi CO2 nhu tidl kipm
ndng Iugng dipn, than dd, ddu md hay dimg cdc cdng nghd it tao ra khi thai. Ho trg vd
khuyin khich doanh nghipp, cdng ddng tham gia thyc hidn cdc chinh sach, cdng cy kinh
te trong quan li vd bdo vd mdi tmdng.

Thu nr, Vipc quyll dinh cac du an ddu tu can duge cdn nhdc kT ludng gitta lpi ich
dem Igi horde mdl vdi nhimg dnh hudng ciia nd ddn mdi mrdng vd lau ddi. Thyc hipn
cdng khai, minh bach vide quy hoach cdc cdng trinh, cde dy an ddu tu phai dupc Id chuc
tiiyc hien nghiem tiic khdu thdm djnh, danh gia tac ddng radi tmdng ddi vdi cac dy dn
dautir,ddc bipt phdi tgo dilu kien dl mpi td chuc vd cdng dan cd thd thara gia phdn bien
NgMinciiU Con ngudf sg 6(105) 2019

67


Tdc apng cuu frnt

xd hdi \e tac ddng radi trudng cua nhimg quy hogch va dy an dd Uude khi cap giay
phep dau tu. Ddc bipt. trong xay dyng va hogeh dinh chinh sdch phdi ldng ghdp cdc gi^
uj ciia rimg vdo kd hogch chi ngdn sach, trdnh sy ban ciing hda cua ngudi dan dan den
viec phd rimg. ga\ tdn hgi den sy sdng ciia rimg. Xdc djnh rimg bdo ddm sy ton vong
cua con ngudi. cdn rimg la cdn ngudi. Tdng cudng kidm sodt hdnh vi xam phgm, hiiy
hoai tai nguyen rimg, ddy nhanh hon tdc dp phii xanh ddt trdng, ddi nui ypc. tdng dp
bao phii ciia rimg, xir li nghiem minh ddi vdi nhfhig hdnh vi phd rimg.
Thu nam, tdng cudng hpp tac qudc Id vd bdo vp moi tmdng. Tdng cudng trao doi,
hgp tdc song phuong. da phuong cimg cam kdt thye hien Cdng udc ciia Lien hgp quoc
vl Bien ddi khi hgu (UNFCCC); hgp tac trong ITnh vyc ldi nguyen vd mdi trudng, bdo
tdn da dgng sinh hpc, bdo ve tdi nguydn mdi tmdng bien, qudn li tdi nguydn nude, bien
ddi khi hdu, quy hogeh dat dai va bdi hodn da dang sinh hpe; cam kit ciing thyc hipn cdc
Myc tieu phat trien ben virng (SDGs) vd Thda thudn Paris ve biin doi khi hgu. Thiic day
hpp tac kT thugt vdi cdc nude cd kinh nghidm vd hd trp ngudn lyc trong bao ve mdi
tmdng khdng khi; uu lien md rdng quan he qudc te ve bao ve mdi trudng khdng khi
dudi hinh thuc thidt lap cac chucmg trinh. dy an da phuang vd song phuang, ho trg kT
thugt; tidp tue ddy manh hgp tdc vd sii dung hidu qud ho trg cua cdc td chuc qudc te nhu
Chuong trinh Phdt triin Lien hpp qudc (UNDP), Chuang trinh Mdi tmdng Lien hgp

quic (UNEP), Ngdn hang Thi gidi (WB), Quy Mdi tmdng todn cdu (GEF), To chirc
Sdng kidn Khdng khi sach chau A (CAI-ASIA),...
Thu sdu. tidp tue nghidn ciiu, td ehue lai san xuat, dp dyng cae md hinh tdng tmdng
xanh, khdng tang trudng bdng mpi gia. Mpi hogt dgng san xudt, kinh doanh phdi bdo
dam an loan chdt lupng nude vd he sinh thai dudi nude, vide cdp thodt nude, xir li rdc
thai cdng nghiep, y td/hda chat.... phdi tuan thii nghidm ngdt, hgn chi din muc thdp nhdt
d nhidm khdng khi va bidn ddi khi hgu; tang cudng ngudn lyc cho cdng tdc bao vp radi
tmdng. Thyc tien cho thay, cdng tac quan Ii mdi tmdng van cdn nhimg hgn ehl do vipc
bd tri ngudn lyc cho cong tac xay dyng vdn ban chua that hgp li. ngudn lyc cdn bj phan
tan, chua bao dam tinh uu tidn, tap uung, thing nhdt; thyc hien sdp xdp, to chuc bd
may, cdn bd theo chuc nang. nhidm vy bao dam hoat ddng hidu lyc, hidu qua. Ddng
thdi, phdi tidp tyc tdng cudng xtt Ii nghiem cac hdnh vi vi pham mdi tmdng.
Thyc hien tdt nhflng vdn dl udn. chiing ta cd thi bdo dam phdt tridn bin vttng con
ngudi uong qud uinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda vd hgi nhgp quic tl, gdp phdn quan
Upng cimg cpng ddng qudc tl bao vd mdi trudng sdng ngdy cdng trong idnh vd than
thien vdi eon ngudi Udn phgm vi loan cdu.

68

Nghiin ctiu Con ngudf sg6(los) 2019


Truang Vdn DOng
Tfti lifu tham kbao
L

Le Anh. 2018. "Nhihig bdt cap trong qua trinh do tfij hoa - goe nhin dgi biiu",
(ht^://quochoi.vn/UserControls/Publishing/News/BinhLuan/pFormPrint.aspx), ngay tray cgp
06/10/2018.

2.

Bp Ndng nghiep vd phat triin ndng thdn. 2019. "Bao cao Ting kit 10 ndm thyc hien
Chucmg trinh myc tieu quoc gia xay dyng nong thdn mdi giai doan 2010 - 2020".

3.

Bp Tai nguyen va mdi tmdng. 2016. "Bao cao Hien trgng mdi tmdng quoc gia giai dogn
2011-2015".

4.

Bp Tai nguyen vd moi tmdng. 2016. Kfch bdn bien ddi khi hgu vd nude biin ddng cho

5.

Cong udc ciia Lien hpp quoc ve Bien ddi khi hau (UNFCCC) ndm 1992.

Viet Nam. Ha N0i: Nxb. Tai nguyen moi tnrdng va Ban do Viet Nam.

6.

Mai Chi. 2019. "Dong bdng song Ciiu Long: Bao d ^ g nude thai nong nghi?p",
( .html), ngdy tmy cgp 27/08/2019.

7.

Ngpe Cam. 2016. "nghien ciiu Ijch sir" (), truy c§p
ngdy 21/12/2016.

8.

Cong thdng tin dien tir Bp Tai nguyen va mdi trudng. 2019. "Tdng cue Moi tmdng can
bdm sdt Nghi quyet 01 ndm 2019 cua Chinh phii de hanh dpng va biit phd",
( ngay tray cgp 03/01/2019.

9.

Nguyin The Chinh, Phan Thi Kim Oanh. 2016. "An ninh ngudn nude trong tiln trinh
hpi nhgp khu vyc va sy lya chpn chinh sach cua Viet Nam". Ki yeu Hgi thdo quoc te ve
An ninh phi truyen thdng trong tien trinh hgi nhgp khu vuc: Kinh nghidm EU - ASEAN
vd nhirng ggi md chinh sdch cho Viet Nam.

10. Ding Cpng san Vi?t Nam. 1991. Cuang Unh x^ dung dat nirdc thdi ki qud dg len chii nghia
xd hgi. Ha Npi: Nxb. Chinh tri Quic gia.
11. Ddng Cpng sdn Viet Nam. 2004. Nghj quyet so 4I-NQ/TW, ngay 15/11/2004 ciia Bg
Chinh Uj khoa IX vl "Bao ve mdi tmdng trong thdi ki day manh cdng nghiep hoa va
hi§n dgi hda dat nude".
12. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam. 2016. Vdn kien Dai hgi Ddng todn qudc ldn thirXII.
13. Nguydn Hoang. 2019. "Cac khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh tl Viet Nam: Phat Uien vihig mgnh
nfim 2019", (nguon kinhtevadubao.vn), ngay tmy cap 07/12/2019.
NgNin cdu Con ngudf sg 6(105) 2019

69


Tdc dgn^ cua pnin » -^^
14. Biii Hdng. 2014 "Ung pho vdi bien dii khi hgu ddo thj", {https://baolintuc.\ n \o-hoi/ungpho-voi-bien-doi-khi-hau-o^io-thi-20141216233103344.htm). ngay cgp ngay 07/12/2019.
15. Ngo Huyen. 2019. "Cdng bo kit qua so bp ting dilu tra dan so va nha d nfim 2019 ,
(https://baotainguyenmoitniong.\7i/thach-thuc^a-tang-do-lhi-hoa-273903.htm!). ngay truy cgp

16/07/2019.
16. IMHEN va UNDP. 2015. "Bao cao ddc bi?l cua Viet Nam ve Qudn li nii ro thien tai vd
hien tupng cue dean nham ihiic da\ thfch umg vdi bien ddi khi hgu".
17. TrangNinh. 2019. '"6 nhiem moi trudng song va bai loan quy hogch", ft|ttps://dautubds.bQodautu.vn/onhien-moi-truong-song-va-bai-toan-quy-hoach-dl I018l.htnil),ngay Iiuycgp06/11/2019.
18. Tdi Nguyen. 2019. "Nhirc nhoi ngn pha rimg",( ngay truy c§p 21/03/2019.
19. Phan Song Ngan. 2015. "Lang ung thu khat nude sgch", ( tray cgp ngdy 01/02/2015.
20. Tran N^ic. 2016. "Moi nam Viet Nam co tfiem 200.000 ca ung thu mdi", 0itqDS77pIo.vn/suckhoe/moi-nam-via-nam-co-them-200000-ca-ung-thu-moi-653938JitmlX ngdy tn^ cgp 22/09/2019.
21. Phgm Nggc Lang. 2016. "Tai bien mdi tmdng - Mpt mjt tran an ninh phi trayin thong
ndng bong". Tgp chi Cgngsan.
22. Bich Lien. 2016. "Gia tang lui^g chat thai nguy hgi tCr hogt dpng san xuat cdng nghiep",
( ngay truy cap 11/10/2016.
23. Sdnke Kieft, David Eckstein. Lukas Dorsch & Livia Fischer. 2015. Global climate risk index
2016 - Who Suffers Most From Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2014
and 1995 to 2014.
24. Qudc hpi nuac Cpng hoa xa hpi chii nghTa Viet Nam. 2004. Lugt An ninh qudc gia.
25. Quoc hpi nuac Cgng hda xa hpi chii nghTa Vi?t Nam. 2014. Lugt Bdo v^ moi trudng.
26. Quyet djnh so 91 l/QD-BNN&PTNT-TCLN ngay 19/03/2019 ciia Bp Nong nghiep vd
phat trien ndng thdn ve Congbl hien trgng rimg toan qudc den ngay 31/12/2018.
27. L.V. 2018. "Trdn 1.700 vy pha rimg trai phep gay bite xiic du lugn", ( truy cap 26/12/2018

70

NgNin

cM Con ngudf «tf BftOsj 201»