Bài giảng kinh tế đất

,+&+8
751*,+&1é1*/ặ0
-----E
ED-----

%ơ,*,1*

.,1+77
%LrQVRQ
1. 7KV*9&7UQ9Q1JX\Q
2. .V7UQ7UQJ7Q

1P


3+ặ1%&+1*75ẻ1+
&+1* 1: , &1* 9 KINH 7 7ơ,
1*8<ầ1 7
&+1* 2: &Ѫ 6Ӣ KHOA +Ӑ& 1*+,Ç1 &Ӭ8
KINH 7ӂ ĈҨ7
&+̀˾1* 3: 3+ѬѪ1* 3+È3 3+Ỉ1 7Ë&+ KINH
7ӂ ĈҨ7
&+̀˾1* 4: ĈÈ1+ *,È +,ӊ8 48Ҧ 6Ӱ 'Ө1*
ĈҨ7
&+̀˾1* 5: 7+ӎ 75ѬӠ1* 1+¬ ĈҨ7 9¬ &Ð1*
7È& Ĉӄ1 %Ô *,Ҧ, 3+Ï1* 0Һ7 %Ҵ1*


&+1*
,&1*9.,1+7
7ơ,1*8<ầ17

1.1. .+ẩ,1,09ơ3+ặ1/2,7ơ,1*8<ầ1

1.2. VAI 75ẹ &$ 7 $, TRONG 61 ;87

&ẩ&91&+ậ1+

97 &+Ҩ7 9¬ 3+È7 75,ӆ1 KINH 7ӂ - ;­ +Ӝ,

1.3. ĈҺ& ,0 7 $, 9ơ ộ 1*+$ KINH 7
6&17+,7&$.+2$+&.,1+7

7ơ,1*8<ầ17.


1.1. .+ẩ,1,09ơ3+ặ1/2,7ơ,1*8<ầ1
7jL QJX\rQ Oj FiF GQJ YW FKW F WR
WKjQK trong VXӕW TXi WUuQK KuQK WKjQK Yj SKiW WULӇQ

FӫD Wӵ QKLrQ FXӝF VӕQJ sinh YұW Yj con QJѭӡL.

.KiLQLӋP

)

NguӗQ tjL nguyrQ cung FҩS QJX\rQ QKLrQ YұW
OLӋX Kӛ WUӧ Yj SKөF Yө cho FiF nhu FҫX SKiW WULӇQ
kinh WӃ - [m KӝL FӫD con QJѭӡL.

%ҧQÿӗWjLQJX\rQNKRiQJVҧQ
WӍQK4XҧQJ7Uӏ

)


3KkQORҥLWKHRQJXӗQJӕF

3KkQORҥL
WjLQJX\rQ

3KkQORҥLWKHRNKҧQăQJSKөFKӗL

3KkQORҥLWKHRVӵWӗQWҥL


3KkQORҥLWKHRQJXӗQJӕF
1. 7jL QJX\rQ WKLrQ QKLrQ
7jL QJX\rQ WKLrQ QKLrQ Oj QJXӗQ FӫD FҧL YұW
FKҩW ÿѭӧF KuQK WKjQK Yj WӗQ WҥL trong Wӵ QKLrQ Pj
con QJѭӡL Fy WKӇ Vӱ GөQJ ÿӇ ÿiS ӭQJ FiF nhu FҫX
cӫD FXӝF VӕQJ.
0ͱW Vͩ G̹QJ WjL QJX\rQ WKLrQ QKLrQ

7ơ,1*8<ầ1

- 7jLQJX\rQQQJOQJ: dX m, kht W, than

- .KRiQJVQ: kim loҥL«
- 6LQKYұWÿҩWQѭӟFNKtKұXFҧQKTXDQYY

2. 7jL QJX\rQ QKkQ WҥR

/j ORҥL WjL QJX\rQ do lao ÿӝQJ FӫD con QJѭӡL
WҥR ra QKѭ QKj FӱD UXӝQJ YѭӡQ xe Fӝ ÿ{ WKӏ
Q{QJ WK{Q Yj FiF FӫD FҧL YұW FKҩW NKiF.


3KkQORLWKHRNKQQJSKFKL
7ơ,1*8<ầ1

7+,ầ11+,ầ1

Sinh
YW

7171FyNKQQJ

7171NK{QJFyNK

SKFKL

QQJSKFKL

W

1F

5QJ

W

.VQ

.VQ

1KLrQ

FKW

kim

phi kim

OLX

ORL

ORL

KyD

WKFK
gas


3KkQORҥLWKHRVӵWӗQWҥL
1. 7jL QJX\rQ KӳX KuQK
'ҥQJ WjL QJX\rQ KLӋQ GLӋQ trong WKӵF WӃ Pj
con QJѭӡL Fy WKӇ ÿR OѭӡQJ ѭӟF WtQK YӅ WUӳ OѭӧQJ

FNJQJ QKѭ WLӅP QăQJ khai WKiF Vӱ GөQJ YL QKLX

7ơ,1*8<ầ1
7+,ầ11+,ầ1

PF tFK NKiF nhau QK: WjL QJX\rQ NKRiQJ VQ
WjL QJX\rQ QѭӟF v.v...

2. 7jL QJX\rQ Y{ KuQK
'ҥQJ WjL QJX\rQ Pj con QJѭӡL Vӱ GөQJ FNJQJ
ÿHP OҥL KLӋX TXҧ WKӵF WӃ cao QKѭQJ Qy OҥL WӗQ WҥL ӣ
GҥQJ ³NK{QJ QKuQ WKҩ\´, kh{ng xiF ÿӏQK ÿѭӧF trӳ
lѭӧQJ«9t dө: 7jL QJX\rQ WUt WXӋ WjL QJX\rQ VӭF lao
ÿӝQJ WjL QJX\rQ YăQ KRi...


9$,75Đ, CHӬC NĂ1G &Ӫ$ĈҨ7Ĉ$,7521*6Ҧ1;8Ҩ7
9Ұ7&+Ҩ79¬3+È775,ӆ1.,1+7ӂ- ;­+Ӝ,
‹ ĈҩW ÿDL Oj SKҫQ NK{QJ gian QKҩW ÿӏQK:
SKkQ Eӕ WUrQ WӯQJ Yӏ WUt NK{QJ gian, Fӕ ÿӏQK YӅ
Vӕ OѭӧQJ EӅQ YӳQJ YӅ Yӏ WUt

‹ ĈҩW ÿDL Oj WjL QJX\rQ WKLrQ QKLrQ: ÿӗQJ
QKҩW WӗQ WҥL OkX GjL Fy NKҧ QăQJ WiL WҥR ÿiS

1.2.1. .KiLQLӋP

ӭQJ PөF ÿtFK Vӱ GөQJ FҫQ SKҧL EҧR YӋ Vӱ

NLQKWӃYӅÿҩWÿDL

GөQJ ÿҩW EӅQ YӳQJ

‹ ĈҩW ÿDL Oj \ӃX Wӕ FӫD VҧQ [XҩW NN, Oj QӅQ
WҧQJ FӫD VҧQ [XҩW CN Yj GӏFK Yө ÿѭӧF WtQK Oj
\ӃX Wӕ ÿҫX YjR FҫQ SKҧL Vӱ GөQJ ÿҩW KӧS Oê Fy
KLӋX TXҧ Fy quy KRҥFK Vӱ GөQJ SK KӧS OkX
GjL.


‹ ĈҩW ÿDL Oj KjQJ KyD: &y quan KӋ mua
EiQ Fy JLi FKӏX WiF ÿӝQJ cung FҫX mua

EiQ SKӭF WҥS QrQ FҫQ Fy KӋ WKӕQJ OXұW
SKiS [ӱ Oê theo quan KӋ WKӏ WUѭӡQJ
‹ ĈҩW ÿDL Oj PӝW ORҥL WjL VҧQ: &y JLi WUӏ

1.2.1. .KiLQLӋP
NLQKWӃYӅÿҩWÿDLWW


OӟQ WӗQ WҥL OkX GjL Fy WKӇ mua EiQ
FKX\ӇQ QKѭӧQJ WKӃ FKҩS« QrQ ÿѭӧF
SKiS OXұW F{QJ QKұQ Yj EҧR YӋ
‹ ĈҩW ÿDL Oj PӝW ORҥL YӕQ: &y JLi WUӏ cao,

Oj WjL VҧQ YӕQ QJXӗQ Gӵ WUӳ FӫD FҧL EҧR
KLӇP YӕQ WKӃ FKҩS YӕQ.


‹ &KӭF QăQJ VҧQ [XҩW

ĈҩW ÿai lj Fѫ Vӣ cho UҩW QKLӅX KӋ

WKӕQJ sҧQ sҧQ xuҩW SKөF Yө FXӝF VӕQJ con
QJѭӡL. Qua TXi WUuQK VҧQ [XҩW ÿҩW ÿDL cung
FҩS OѭѫQJ WKӵF WKӵF SKҭP Yj UҩW QKLӅX VҧQ

1.2.2. 1KӳQJFKӭFQăQJ
FKӫ\ӃXFӫDÿҩWÿDL

SKҭP sinh YұW NKiF cho con QJѭӡL Vӱ GөQJ
WUӵF WLӃS hay JLiQ WLӃS.

‹ &KӭF QăQJ P{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ
ĈҩW ÿDL Oj Fѫ Vӣ FӫD PӑL KuQK WKiL
sinh YұW VӕQJ WUrQ OөF ÿӏD, WK{QJ qua YLӋF
cung FҩS FiF P{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ Yj di WUX\ӅQ

cho sinh YұW ÿӇ tӗQ tҥL, EҧR WӗQ nzL giӕQJ.


‹ &KӭF QăQJ FkQ EҵQJ sinh WKiL

ĈҩW ÿDL Oj WҩP WKҧP xanh, KuQK
WKjQK PӝW WKӇ FkQ EҵQJ QăQJ OѭӧQJ WUiL
ÿҩW - Vӵ SKҧQ [ҥ KҩS WKө, FKX\ӇQ ÿәL
QăQJ OѭӧQJ SKyQJ [ҥ Wӯ PһW WUӡL Yj FӫD

1.2.2. 1KӳQJFKӭFQăQJ
FKӫ\ӃXFӫDÿҩWÿDL (tt)

WXҫQ KRjQ NKt TX\ӇQ ÿӏD FҫX.
‹ &KӭF QăQJ WjQJ WUӳ Yj cung FҩS
QJXӗQ QѭӟF
ĈҩW ÿDL Oj kho WjQJ WUӳ QѭӟF PһW
Yj QѭӟF QJҫP Y{ WұQ Fy WiF ÿӝQJ PҥQK
WӟL chu WUuQK WXҫQ KRjQ QѭӟF trong Wӵ
QKLrQ Yj Fy vai WUz ÿLӅX WLӃW QѭӟF UҩW to
OӟQ.


‹ &KӭF QăQJ Gӵ WUӳ

ĈҩW ÿDL Oj kho WjL QJX\rQ NKRiQJ
VҧQ cung FҩS cho PӑL nhu FҫX FӫD con
QJѭӡL.
‹ &KӭF QăQJ NK{QJ gian Vӵ VӕQJ
1.2.2. 1KӳQJFKӭFQăQJ
FKӫ\ӃXFӫDÿҩWÿDLWW


ĈҩW ÿDL Fy FKӭF QăQJ WLӃS thu, JҥQ
OӑF Oj P{L WUѭӡQJ ÿӋP Yj OjP thay ÿәL KuQK
WKiL WtQK FKҩW FӫD FiF FKҩW WKҧL ÿӝF KҥL.

‹ &KӭF QăQJ EҧR WӗQ EҧR WjQJ OӏFK Vӱ
ĈҩW ÿDL Oj trung gian ÿӇ EҧR YӋ EҧR
WӗQ FiF FKӭQJ Fӭ OӏFK Vӱ YăQ KRi FӫD ORjL
QJѭӡL Oj QJXӗQ WK{QJ tin YӅ FiF ÿLӅX NLӋQ
NKt KұX WKӡL WLӃW trong TXi NKӭ Yj YLӋF Vӱ
GөQJ ÿҩW ÿDL trong TXi NKӭ.

‹ &KӭF QăQJ vұW mang Vӵ sӕQJ

1.2.2. 1KӳQJFKӭFQăQJ
FKӫ\ӃXFӫDÿҩWÿDLWW


ĈҩW ÿDL cung FҩS NK{QJ gian cho Vӵ
FKX\ӇQ YұQ FӫD con QJѭӡL; sӵ ÿҫX Wѭ VҧQ
[XҩW Yj Vӵ GӏFK FKX\ӇQ FӫD ÿӝQJ YұW WKӵF
YұW JLӳD FiF YQJ NKiF nhau FӫD Wӵ QKLrQ.

‹ &KӭF QăQJ SKkQ Gӏ OmQK WKә
0ӛL SKҫQ OmQK WKә mang QKӳQJ ÿһF
WtQK Wӵ QKLrQ kinh WӃ [m KӝL UҩW ÿһF WK,
NK{QJ QѫL QjR JLӕQJ QѫL QjR.


1.2.3. Vai WUz FӫD ÿҩW ÿDi trong Vӵ SKiW WULӇQ kinh WӃ [m KӝL
‹ ĈҩW Oj ÿLӅX NLӋQ ÿҫX WLrQ Yj Oj QӅQ
WҧQJ Wӵ QKLrQ FӫD EҩW NǤ PӝW TXi WUuQK VҧQ

[XҩW QjR.
‹ Ĉҩt lj ÿLӅX NLӋQ YұW FKҩW chung
QKҩW ÿӕL YӟL PӑL QJjQK VҧQ [XҩW Yj KRҥW

a. ĈҩWÿDLOjPӝWWѭOLӋX
VҧQ[XҩW

)

ÿӝQJ FӫD con QJѭӡL.
‹ ĈҩW Oj ÿӕL WѭӧQJ lao ÿӝQJ (cho P{L
WUѭӡQJ ÿӇ WiF ÿӝQJ QKѭ: [k\ GӵQJ QKj

[ѭӣQJ OjP ÿҩW v.v...).
‹ ĈҩW Oj SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ lao ÿӝQJ (cho
F{QJ QKkQ QѫL OjP YLӋF GQJ ÿӇ gieo
WUӗQJ chăQ QX{L gia V~F v.v...).


ĈҩW ÿDL Oj ³Wѭ OLӋX VҧQ [XҩW ÿһF ELӋW´, NKiF

YӟL FiF Wѭ OLӋX VҧQ [XҩW NKiF ӣ QKӳQJ ÿLӇP sau:
‹ ĈһF ÿLӇP WҥR WKjQK: ĈҩW ÿDL [XҩW KLӋQ

WӗQ WҥL QJRjL ê FKt Yj QKұQ WKӭF FӫD con QJѭӡL;

Oj VҧQ SKҭP FӫD Wӵ QKLrQ Fy WUѭӟF lao ÿӝQJ.

ĈҩWÿDLOjWѭOLӋX

)

VҧQ[XҩWÿһFELӋW

&iF Ẃ OL͟X V̻Q [X̽W NKiF Oj N͗W TX̻ lao
ÿͱQJ FͿD con QJ́͵L (con QJ́͵L W̹R ra).
‹ 7tQK KҥQ FKӃ YӅ Vӕ OѭӧQJ: ĈҩW ÿDL Oj

WjL QJX\rQ KҥQ FKӃ GLӋQ WtFK ÿҩW Eӏ JLӟL KҥQ EӣL
ranh JLӟL ÿҩW OLӅQ WUrQ EӅ PһW ÿӏD FҫX.

&iF Ẃ OL͟X V̻Q [X̽W NKiF Fy WK͛ WăQJ Y͙
Vͩ ÓͻQJ FK͗ W̹R O̹L WXǤ theo nhu F̿X FͿD [m KͱL.


‹ 7tQK NK{QJ ÿӗQJ QKҩW: ĈҩW ÿDL

NK{QJ ÿӗQJ QKҩW YӅ FKҩW OѭӧQJ KjP OѭӧQJ FiF
FKҩW dinh GѭӥQJ FiF WtQK FKҩW Oê KRi v.v...

trong ÿҩW.
&iF Ẃ OL͟X V̻Q [X̽W NKiF Fy WK͛ ÿͫQJ QK̽W Y͙
FK̽W ÓͻQJ quy FiFK WLrX FKX́Q (mang WtQK

ĈҩWÿDLOjWѭOLӋX

)

VҧQ[XҩWÿһFELӋWWW


Ẃ˿QJ ÿͩL do quy WUuQK F{QJ QJK͟ TX\͗W ÿͣQK
.
‹ 7tQK NK{QJ thay WKӃ: Thay WKӃ ÿҩW
EҵQJ Wѭ OLӋX NKiF Oj YLӋF NK{QJ WKӇ OjP ÿѭӧF.

&iF Ẃ OL͟X V̻Q [X̽W NKiF WXǤ WKXͱF YjR P΁F

ÿͱ SKiW WUL͛Q FͿD OΉF ÓͻQJ V̻Q [X̽W Fy WK͛
ÿ́ͻF thay WK͗ E͉QJ Ẃ OL͟X V̻Q [X̽W NKiF KRjQ
WKL͟Q K˿Q Fy KL͟X TX̻ kinh W͗ K˿Q.


‹ 7tQK Fӕ ÿӏQK Yӏ WUt: ĈҩW ÿDL KRjQ

WRjQ Fӕ ÿӏQK Yӏ WUt trong Vӱ GөQJ.
&iF Ẃ OL͟X V̻Q [X̽W NKiF ÿ́ͻF V΅ GͽQJ ͷ PͥL
FKͯ PͥL Q˿L Fy WK͛ di FKX\͛Q WUrQ FiF NKR̻QJ
FiFK NKiF nhau W\ theo VΉ F̿Q WKL͗W.
‹ 7tQK YƭQK FӱX: ĈҩW ÿDL Oj Wѭ OLӋX

VҧQ [XҩW YƭQK FӱX. 1ӃX ELӃW Vӱ GөQJ KӧS Oê,

)
ÿһF ELӋW Oj trong VҧQ [XҩW Q{QJ - OkP QJKLӋS
VҧQ[XҩWÿһFELӋWWW

ĈҩWÿDLOjWѭOLӋX

ÿҩW VӁ NK{QJ Eӏ SKi KӓQJ QJѭӧF OҥL Fy WKӇ

WăQJ WtQK FKҩW VҧQ [XҩW ÿӝ SKu QKLrX
FNJQJ QKѭ
KLӋX TXҧ Vӱ GөQJ ÿҩW.
&iF Ẃ OL͟X V̻Q [X̽W NKiF ÿ͙X Eͣ Ḱ KͧQJ G̿Q

KL͟X tFK V΅ GͽQJ JL̻P Yj FXͩL FQJ Eͣ OR̹L NKͧL
TXi WUuQK V̻Q [X̽W.