di sản bảo tồn kỹ nghệ thêu ren làng văn lâm huyện hoa lư - tỉnh ninh bình

BO VAN HOA - THONG
TIN
CHUONG TRINH BAO TON
:
DI SAN VAN HOA PHI VAT THE
HAM
20GS
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ONG
TIN
NINH
BINl
BO VAN HOA THONG
TIN
CHUONG
TRINH
BAO
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CAC DI
SAN VAN HOA
PHI VAT THE
NAM 2003
***
M JAU
SAO TOM
KY NGHE
THEU
REN LANG VAN LAM

HUYEN HOA
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Sa Van hoa Thong tin Ninh Binh
Thuc hien - 2003
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PHAN

THIT
NHAT
LANG VAN LAM
V(3l SI/HINH
THANH,
LlTU
TON NGHE THEU REN
I- MAY NET VE LANG NGHE THEU VAN LAM.
Lang Van Lam Ihuoc xa Ninh Hai, huyen Hoa Lu, tinh Ninh Binh (d
phia
dong nam dia ban xa).
Tii thi xa Ninh
Binh,
xuoi quoc lo
lA
ve phia Nam chirng 4km, roi
re vc phia ben phai - nay theo mot con duang mod md, rong rai hai chidu, co
dai phan each trong cd va cay xanh - chimg 2 km la tod lang Van Lam. Day
la mot vung dat co vdd be day truyen thong van hoa vat the va phi vat the.
Tren khap dia ban chung quanh lang Van Lam co nhQng khu danh thang va
di
tich
lich
sii
van hoa noi tieng, tieu bieu la: Tam Cdc, Bich Dong, Thai Vi.
Cac di tich, danh thang nay da dugc Nha nudc cap bang cong nhan di tich
danh thang cap quoc gia.
Moi
ngudd
trong

nirdc
va rat nhieu du khach nudc ngoai dd dang nhd
va hinh dung: Lang Van Lam
a
ngay canh ben do Tam Cdc, ke sat khu du
lich Tam Cdc - Bich Dong. Ben
thuy^n
nay con goi la Ben Van Lam - nai
thuyen do ngay ngay nhon nhip ngugc xuoi tren dong song Ngo
(Ngi)
Giang, con goi la song Ngd Dong) giua cac nui non trung diep de ra vao
Tam Cdc (Tam Cdc nghia la ba hang), mot danh lam thang canh noi tieng d
tinh Ninh Binh va trong ca nuac.
Tam Cdc - Ba Hang gom: Hang Ca, Hang Nhi, Hang Ba. Mdi hang
la mdt vom dong day nhu da, dep va huyen dieu muon
hinh
van trang. Cac
hang
each
nhau chimg gan mot cay sd. Du khach tham Tam Coc di thuyen
1
\6i NQHE THiU R£Ai LANQ m LAH
do tren dong song Ngo udn
lugn
that
hiru
tinh.
"Duong vao Tam Cdc quanh
CO
- Bong benh may nudc con do troi em".

6
gan ke vdi khu vuc Tam
C6'c
la khu di tich- danh thang Bich Dong
noi tieng xua nay, gom ca he thong chiia va dong.
Bich
Dong co nghla la
"ddng xanh" (xanh ngoc
bich).
Dong nay
tijr
xa xua da co tieng la dong dep,
tir
thdd nha
Nguyen
dugc menh danh la "Nam Thien De Nhi Dong" (dong
dep
thii nhi
dudd trod nudc Nam).
D6ng a
tren lung
chijmg
day nui, kha dai
va rong, dep den me hon vdd
nhirng
bac vuong gia, tao nhan mac khach xua
nay. Chiia
Bich
Dong
th5

Phat va
th5
cac vi than hoang ban dia, gom ca
mot he thong 3 chiia la chua Ha (d chan nui),
Chiia
Trung (d lung chimg
nui) va
Chiia
Thuong (d ben tren chiia Trung).
Tam Cdc va
Bich
Dong la hai danh thang, di
tich
rieng nhung gan
nhau nen goi la Khu Tam Cdc -
Bich
Dong, mot khu du lich noi tieng,
nhieu tiem nang.
Tren dia ban gan ke lang Van Lam, ve phia bac- tay bac co khu di
tich- danh thang Thai Vi. Theo
sii
sach chep, sau cuoc khang chien chdng
quan Nguyen - Mdng lan
thii
nhat (vao nam 1258), Vua Tran Thai Tdng da
nhudng
ngdi cho con la Thai
til
Hoang (Tran Thanh Tdng) de len ngdi Thai
thuong hoang vd viing nui Vii Lam cho xay dung Hanh cung Vii Lam v6i

nhirng cung dien de ngu lam va cho dung Am Thai Vi de thd Phat va thd
Tam Thanh Thuong De. Khi ay nha Tran dang ciing toan dan tich
cue
chudn
bi cho cuoc khang chien chdng Nguyen Mdng lan
thu"
hai.
Canh quan khu di
tich
Thai Vi dep hiing vT, the dia hiem yeu, thuan
lgi cho ddd sdng an duang, lai dd phdng
thii
khi cd chien tranh. Ten goi
"Thai Vi" mang y nghia la dia danh noi hoang de - Thai thuong hoang (nha
Tran) xua't
M.
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Hien d trung tam khu di
tich-
danh thang Thai Vi toa lac Den Thai
Vi.
Tuong truyen ngdi din nay dugc xay dung cudi ddi Tran, dau thdi Le
ngay tren ndn Am Thai Vi xua. Den Thai Vi thd cac vua (Thai thuong
hoang) nha Tran ciing cac vuong tdn, cdng
til.
Phia trudc san den cd gac
chudng bang gd, lop ngdi tam mai c6 kinh.
Cai ten lang Van Lam tuong truyen la cd
tii"
thdi Tran (trudc dd goi

la lang O Lam) nghia la
"Rimg
qua".
Truydn
thuyet dan gian va da
sii
dia phuang cho biet: nghd then ren
d lang Van Lam cd tii thdi
TrSn
(The ky
13),
nd gan lien vdd su xuat hien va
luu ton cua Hanh cung Vii Lam va do chinh cdng chua nha Tran, nhirng
vuong tdn cdng
til
hoac vi quan nao dd
ciia
nha Tran phat kien, roi md
mang va truyen ba cho ngudi duong thdi va ldp ngudi hau the trong vimg.
(xem d muc tiep theo).
Neu nhu Hanh cung Vii Lam xua la noi phat tich
ciia
nghe theu ren
truydn thdng
ciia
lang Van Lam
thi
den ngay nay, khu du lich Thai Vi ciing
cac noi du lich Tam Cdc,
Bich

Dong, Hang Mua va nhieu diem du lich
quanh khu vuc nay la nhirng noi gidi thieu, trao doi mua ban cac san
phdm
theu ren rat phong phu, da dang
ciia
lang Van Lam ndi rieng va
ciia
nhirng
lang xa lan can ndi chung.
Lang Van Lam hien bao gom hai thdn: thdn Ngoai va thdn Trong,
vdi khoang 150 hd gia
dinh.
Theo sach Kham Thien Dai Viet
sii
thdng giam
cuong muc, vao The ky 19, lang Van Lam thudc xa VQ Lam (noi cd hanh
cung Vu Lam), huyen Gia Khanh,
tinh
Ninh
Binh.
Theo eae cu gia ngudi lang Van Lam, thdi xa xua trong cd 4 ddng ho
lau ddi nhat la: ho VQ, ho Dd, hg Pham va ho Luu. Vd sau nay cd them cac
ddng ho: Le, Dinh, Chu,
Nguyen,
Trinh. Nhu vay, hien lang Van Lam cd
\6l NQHS MU ^SN MQ m LAH
chin "ciia
hg".
Hfiu
het cac ddng ho ngudd lang Van Lam hien cd md t6

dugc xay cat d
ti^g
khu rieng. Mot sd ddng ho cd lai lich lau ddi cd nha thd
to ho. Tuy nhien, do didu kien ve chien tranh lau dai, do thien tai mua gid
bao lut lau nam nen
nhi^u
ban tdc pha da bi mai mot, khd khdi phuc lai.
Lang Van Lam (ca thdn Ngoai va thdn Trong) dugc chia thanh 6
xdm: Xdm Ngoai, xdm Bang, xdm Doan Ket, xdm Chiia, xdm Dong, xdm
Tay. Cu dan thudc sau xdm tren lai tap trung trong 4 giap la:
1-Giap
Thuong.
3-Giap
Cat.
2-
Giap Chung. 4- Giap Cac.
Van Lam la mot lang co
\6i
quy md kha
Idn.
Xua kia lang cd hai
ngdi
dinh,
ba diem canh, ba ngdi den (ke ca den Thai Vi) mot chua, mot
phu. Dan lang Van Lam hien cdn truydn tung cau ca:
"Lang ta ba diem hai
dinh
Ta ngdi ta ke chuyen
minh
chuyen ta

Xdm giua cd mot cay da"
Hai ngdi dinh ldng la:
1-
Dinh Chung la
dinh
ciia giap Chung va giap Thugng. (Hien nay
Dinh
Chung khdng cdn nua, khu dat nay dan lang da lam nha d).
2-
Dinh
Cac la dinh ciia giap Cac va giap Cat. Hien ngdi dinh nay
van
cdn toa lac gan ke ben dd Tam Cdc, ngay
Id'i
re vao den Thai Vi.
Ba ngdi den la:
1 -
Den Thai Vi - thd Tran Thanh Tdng va cac chu vi
2-
Den Ngoai - thd Ban Canh Thanh Hoang (nay ngdi ddn nay khdng
cdn nua).
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3-
Den Trong - thd Thugng Dang Cao Son (tuong truyen vi than nay
xua kia cd cdng tri cac loai ho bao quanh viing). Hien nay dan lang Van
Lam va dan quanh vung hang nam
vSn
td
chQc
cung te d day.

Mdt ngdi chila cd ten la Thie'u Lam Tu, quen goi la chiia Sd.
Mot ngdi phii: Thd Ba Chua Lieu Hanh (la mot trong
"Tu-
bat tu"
theo
tin
ngudng dan gian).
Lang Van Lam da cd be day lich
sir
qua hang may the ky, lai la vung
dat cd Hanh cung Vu Lam thdi Tran vdi nhiing tac ddng anh hudng ve
nhiSu
mat ddi sd'ng. CQng do dd ma ngudi Van Lam qua cac trieu dai trudc
day da vd'n cd truyen thdng hie'u hoe, tu than lap nghiep. Qua cac ky khoa
cii
thdi phong kie'n, Van Lam cd ngudi dd bang nhan, tu tai va dac biet cd
kha nhieu cu do nho. Chi
each
day may chuc nam (cudi tridu Nguydn) d
lang cd cae cu do nho nhu: cu Do Bang, cu Do Rieu, Do Lung, Do Giang,
Do Pha'c
O
Van Lam xua cQng cd nhQng thay phii thuy kha "cao tay",
nhimg thay cung, thay so cd ten tuoi.
Vao dip hdi lang hang nam
(tQ
nhQng nam 1960 trd ve trudc), dan
lang Van Lam xua
vSn
cd \i hdi miing cdng nghd theu ren, trong

II
hdi cd
diin
cac trd dan gian: dua
thuydn,
bod loi, vat, danh du, da'u gay, hat dum
giao duyen, hat van, thi den keo quan, bit mat bat de, dap noi, dut banh
trung, to tdm die'm, dau cd ngudi, mua senh tien, keo chu that la phong
phu. Thdi nay, nhieu dia phuang quanh viing khi to chQc
Id
hdi truyen thdng
hang nam thudng cd mdi nhiing nghe nhan lang Van Lam tdi de "giup vui".
Mdt net dac
sSc
cua lang Van Lam trudc kia la: dan lang cd td chii'c cac
phudng hdi trong ddi sd'ng sinh boat hang nam theo mua vu. Tidu bieu la: phudng
san, phudng up ca (up ca
bang
rap ludi) Viec lao ddng, sinh hoat theo phudng
hdi nay la mdt
tap
quan lau ddi d Van Lam, lam tang dang ke hieu qua ve san
ICV NQHB MU ^£N LANQ m
L^H
pham lao ddng va tinh than, tinh cam,
sir
ben chat cua mdi lien he cdng ddng,
lang xdm. Tuy nhidn, tap quan sinh hoat nay
chi
phu hgp vdi ddi sd'ng kinh te tu

tlic,
tu cap trudc kia d dia phuong va dua vao dieu kien tai nguyen, san vat thidn
nhien cdn phong phu.
Mdi khi tdt de'n xuan
vl,
lang Van Lam xua kia cd to chuc hdi thi cd
yen. Goi la "cd yen" nhung cac mdn an trong mdi mam cd chu ye'u dugc
che bien tQ nguon thuc phdm, rau qua va gia vi
ciia
dia phuang, kha phong
phu va dac sac nhu: Ca sdng, thit gia
siic,
gia cam, thit rimg Cac ho tdc
trong lang thi nhau
tim
kie'm nhiing san vat ngon va quy d khap vung rdi cat
cu nhirng nguoi gidi che bie'n tro tai nau nudng, bay bien lam cd de dem ra
dinh
lang
dirthi.
Mdi mam cd du thi theo quy dinh la "cd bdn" (mam cd cho 4 ngudi).
Mdi ho giap trong lang ddu cd nhimg bi quyet rieng de lam cd yen nham
"ganh dua", giat giai eao. Mam cd du cugc thi doat giai nhat se dugc dem
dang len bac tien chi ciia lang va dugc hau thudng vdi nidm tu hao, hanh
dien ve mdt nam mdi phuc ldc, thinh vugng cho ca ho tdc. Ben canh nhirng
"son hao hai vi" de lam cd yen, d Van Lam xua cdn cd nhiing mdn an tuy
dan gia ma dac sac nhu mdn giiin (mot loai reu moc d nui da) mdn hoa
chud'i
rOng
ngot gidn, nhiing mdn che bie'n

tir
cac loai cii, qua lay dugc d
trong rimg hay tren
niii
Mot mdn an khdng kem phan dac sac va tinh te la
mdn ca qua nau am vdi gao ne'p huong cQng thudng cd vao nhQng ngay tet.
Tiec thay da so cae dac san, mdn an ddc dao nhu tren d Van Lam den nay
da mai mdt, hiem cd.
Nhu
vay.
Van Lam la mot lang Viet cd thudc ngoai vi kinh thanh
Hoa Lu (The ky X), thudc vung dat cd nhiing di
tich
danh thang ndi tieng
ciia tinh Ninh
Binh
va ciia ca nudc. Dac biet ben lang Van Lam xua cd
Hanh cung Vu Lam ciia nha Tran, mot can cQ, mot noi hoi tu va lan toa
\6i MQHB fHJU
J^£N
LANQ m
L^H
nhimg ye'u td kha dac sac cua ddi sd'ng van hoa - sinh hoat. Ye'u td "dia van
hoa" tu xa xua da tac ddng
true
tiep va gian tie'p hinh thanh va lua tdn mdt
nghd thii cdng truyen thdng dac sac. Va tQ dd,
hinh
thanh va luu tdn mot
lang nghe truyen thdng - Lang nghe Van Lam.

Tu bao ddi nay, ngudi thg theu ren d Van Lam da in da'u chan
minh
d khap cac mien Nam, Bac de lam nen cac san phdm theu ren cho nhung
noi cd cuoc sd'ng "vuong gia". Cung
vi
the ma nghe theu ren lang Van Lam
du da qua bao do thang tram, bie'n cai
vSn
trudng ton va dang hang ngay hdi
sinh.
II-
Sir
HINH THANH,
LUtJ
TON NGHE THEU REN LANG
VAN LAM.
NhQng ke't qua khao sat, suu tam eua chung tdi nhQng nam qua vd
nguon gd'c
hinh
thanh nghe theu ren d viing Ninh Hai (Hoa Lu) va qua trinh
hinh
thanh lang nghe theu ren Van Lam cho thay: Nghe theu ren d day ve
CO
ban cd tQ thdi Tran (the ky
13)
va lang nghe "lang nghe Van Lam" cung
bat dau
hinh
thanh d thdd ky lich su sau 66.
De'n nay, viec

tim
hieu de xac dinh ngudn gd'c ciia nghe theu ren d
lang Van Lam, hay
it
nhat la de xac dinh dugc chinh xac mot "thdi diem
manh" trong qua
trinh
hinh thanh va phat trien, luu truyen ciia mdi nghe thii
cdng truydn thdng lau ddd d cac dia phuong ndi chung, d Ninh Binh ndi
rieng - ma lang Van Lam la mot dia danh eu the - la rat khd khan, phuc tap,
phu thudc bdi nhieu ye'u to (nhu bia ky, su sach, hien vat khao cd
hgc.v.v ).
Qua
nhilu
thd' ky vdi biet bao be dau bie'n cai, vat ddi sao ddi,
sir
lan
ve vdi nguon edi
ciia
mdt di san van hoa- nhat la van hoa phi vat the- ne'u
dat dugc ket qua nhat dinh nao dd, theo chiing tdi dd
cQng
la mot ky cdng.
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Rieng dd'i vdi nghd theu ren d lang Van Lam va qua tnnh hinh thanh
"lang nghe theu ren" ddc dao va dac sdc nay thi ngudn gd'c hinh thanh hau
nhu chi cdn dugc phan anh qua truyen thuyet dan gian va nhQng mang da sir
truyen lai d tai dia phuang. Ben canh dd la nhQng mang hdi
Qc
ciia cac nghe

nhan theu ren ngudd lang Van Lam, nay da cao nien.
TRUYEN THUYET - DA SLf.
1-
Vi
tirdug
nha Tran truyen day theu ren.
Truyen
kerang:
Vao thdi nha Tran cd vi tudng la Dd
DQc
Hanh vdn
ndi tieng la ngudi thdng minh, khdn kheo. Vao mot nam no, nha vua sai
phai Dd DQc Hanh di sQ sang phuang Bdc, thdi nha Nguyen, cung la de thi
tudng tai.
Sau bao ngay thang lan lgi bdn ba, Dd DQc Hanh ciing doan su bd ta
da dat chan tdi kinh dd thien trieu. Nghe sQ than cdn tau xong, vua Nguyen
sai linh dua Dd DQc Hanh, vi chanh
sQ
len mot gian lau cao each biet, giam
lai d day, cho canh phdng dem ngay cdn mat, lai truyen rdng: sau ba thang
mudi ngay
thi
mdi dugc tai ngoai.
Mot minh noi gian lau cao biet lap, phan vua lo ldng, phan lai ddi
khat, Dd DQc Hanh quan sat ty my khdp lugt chung quanh. Trong gian lau
cd mdt pho tugng
v6
tudng ngdi uy nghi, to gan bang ngudi that, lap lanh
ngu sdc. Vi sQ than nudc Dai Viet ben lay dao nhd cd sdn cao
thir

ldp mau
xanh dd noi
phia
lung pho tugng, thay
Id
ra ldp mau nau sang, lai ngui thu
thi thay tham tho quyen rii la lung.
Thi
ra pho tugng dugc due bdng che
lam, ngu cdc luyen mat. Ong lien cdt lay mot mieng ma an. Lai thay d ben
dudi pho tugng che lam cd mdt vd nudc sach, dng vdc lay nudc nay ma
ud'ng. Nude mdt
nhin
ISn,
phia tren pho tugng thay cd treo mdt buc tranh
theu
dep la ky,
hinh
hoa la, mudng thu, cung
difn,
tQ linh, y nhu that, ma
8
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L^H
lung linh, huyen dieu. Vi
sQ
than ngdm
nhin
that ky bQc tranh theu, rdi ngay
lai ngay dung cdng xem xet ti mi ma nhap tam timg dudng kim mui chi,

Idi
theu cai.
Tham thodt mdt thang da trdi qua, trang rdm lai td vdng vac ngoai
hien. Luong an la pho tugng bdng che lam, da khuyet 1dm, nudc ud'ng trong
vd cung voi di mdt phan. Chgt ddi mdt sQ than sang len khi trdng thay mot
ddi long treo tren tan ndc mai lau. Vi sQ than
tim each
lay cho dugc ca ddi
long bdng lua xanh dd rdi cay
ciia
ra hien, hai tay cam chdc hai long ma
budng mmh, cham dat.
Sdm ngay hdm sau, vua quan nha Nguyen thay sQ than Dai Viet xin
vao trinh tau
thi
rat ddi kinh ngac. Ai nay deu trgng ne bac tai
tri
vd song ay
ma chdng ai ngd rdng: Dd DQc Hanh da nhap tam dugc tung dudng kim mui
chi cung vdi
Id'i
theu thua
chim
ndi cac
cay
la, cung dien, tQ linh ciia bQc
theu rua tuyet my tren lau
kin
nhirng ngay qua.
Het han di sQ, Dd DQc Hanh cung doan sQ bd vd nudc, rdi sau vd an

lao o Hanh cung Vu Lam. Ong da ra cdng truyen day cac ky nghe theu thua
cho nhieu con chau vua quan. The roi dan lang Van Lam hgc dugc nghe
theu ren ke
tQ
luc bay gid.
2-
Linh
Tu"
Quoc Mau day theu ren.
Ong Pham Van Song (68 tudi, ngudi lang Van Lam) ke: Tuong
truyen, ngay xua vao khoang dau ddi Tran, vua Tran Thai Tdng nhudng
ngdi cho thai tu,
ien
ngdi Thai thugng hoang roi ve vung Thai Vi canh lang
Van Lam ngay nay dung am niem Phat. Thai thugng hoang cdn cho dung
cung dien nguy nga, nhieu lau son gac tia.
Bay gid cd ba Linh
tQ
qud'c mdu ten la Tran Thi Dung, phu nhan cua
Thai su Trdn Thii Do cung ve Thai Vi de cham lo coi sdc viec nQ cdng
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vuong gia chanh cho nhQng cdng chua, cdng nuong va con gai cua cac quan
trong trieu. Linh tQ qud'c mdu cung da truyen day nghe tam tang canh cui,
lai truyen day nhQng each thQc theu thua cho nhidu ngudi 6 Lam, nay la
lang Van Lam.
Nghd
Ndi nghiep Linh TQ Qud'c Mdu, cac cdng chua, cdng nuong da cung
nhiing ngudi phu nQ thudc hoang tdc nha Tran da thang ngay cham chi viec
theu thua lam ra nhieu san phdm theu ren dep,
hinh

ve da dang dung trong
Hanh cung Vu Lam va dua ve kinh dd phuc vu nha vua cung cac vi dai
than. Vung Van Lam bay gid cd nhieu ngudi con gai vao lam nQ ty trong
Hanh cung. Hg da
tim
hgc duge cac each
hinh
thQc theu thua roi dan trd
thanh nhQng tay kim chi khdng kem phan tai hoa kheo leo. Vd sau hg da
truyen day lai nghe theu cho dan lang Van Lam. The rdi ddi nay ndi tiep
ddi kia, dng ba truyen nghe cho chau, cha me truyen nghe cho con cai, anh
chi day nghd cho em, cung nhidu sang kien che tac ma nghe theu ren d Van
Lam duge luu tdn, thinh vugng.
3-
Nghe theu ren do ngudi ho Dinh truyen day.
Cu chu Van Lugng - 80 tudi, la thg
thdu
ren lao luyen ngudi lang
Van Lam ke: Cach day may ddi, vao dau thdi thudc Phap, d Van Lam cu
dinh Van tuyen la mdt nha nho ngheo lam nghe thudc. Cu sinh dugc dugc
bdn ngudi con trai la Dinh Xuan Henh, Dinh Xuan Soang, Dinh Van Hicn,
Dinh van Hodng va mdt ngudi con gai la Dinh Thi Tenh.
Tuy nha ngheo nhung cu Dinh Van Tuyen la ngudi ed
chi
Idn,
it
nhieu biet dugc each thuc theu ren va lai rat say me,
yeu
quy nghe nay. Cu
da ban di mdt

niia
sd dat thd cu, quyet cho hai ngudi con trai Dinh Xuan
Henh va Dinh Xuan Soang
tim
ra tan Hai Phdng de tam su hoc dao.
10
\6l NQH£ WU Jl£N LANQ m LAH
Hai ngudi con trai cu Tuyen lan lgi dam trudng qua may ngay dem
thi den vung Hai Phdng vdi chut gao tien mon. Hai anh em tim vao cu Hoan
Tham la mdt nghe nhan theu ren cd tieng de xin "hoc dao".
(Vi
xua kia viec
hoc nghe cung dugc coi la "hgc dao").
Sau khi "xem mdt", cu Hoan Tham bdng ldng day nghe cho hai
chang trai, nhung cu ra dieu kien la trong qua
trinh
hgc nghd, hai trd phai tu
tuc ve ddi sd'ng va khdng dinh thdi han truyen nghe. Nhiing san phdm tu
theu neu dung quy each va dep mdi dugc tra mdt phan cdng. Hai de tu ban
than hoi lau mdi quyet tam le phep dQng
ien
chap thuan.
Chang may lau, nghe tin nay
thi
ngudi cha (cu Dinh Van Tuyen) lidn
ban di them mdt phan thd eu de lay tien cho cd con gai khan tui tim ra Hai
Phdng, de tien lo com nudc, ao khan cho hai ngudi anh. Vdn thdng minh,
hie'u hgc, kheo leo, cham chi
nen
hai anh em la Dinh Xuan Henh, Dinh

Xuan Soang dugc thay day nghe
yeu
men va chu dao, du rdng cdng lenh
chdng dugc dang la bao. Chdng bao lau, hg da trd thanh nhQng tay thg gidi
hang dau ldp hgc. Sau bdn nam, hai anh em tu gia thay Han Tham, tim vao
lam cdng cho ba Le Thai Tinh cung d Hai Phdng, tdi Ha Ndi nhan hang dat
theu ren ciia nhieu dng chii ngudd Tay, ngudd ta de lam va bdt dau truydn
day nghe cho nhieu ngudi - trong so nay cd ca ngudi que Van Lam. Theo
cac cu nghe nhan dia phuang ke lai
thi Id'i
theu "Pha hoa rua' va nhieu
Id'i
theu hoa my ddc dao khac ehinh la do hai dng Dinh Xuan Henh va Dinh
Xuan Soang sang tao va truydn day ma luu tdn cho tdi ngay nay.
TQ xa xua, ngudd van Lam in da'u chan khdp hai mien Nam, Bdc de
lam
nen
nhieu san phdm theu ren cho nhQng "bac vuong gia". Do vay ma
nghe theu ren d Van Lam trudng ton den nay va mai sau. Nhieu cu gia
ngutti
lang Van Lam phai thua nhan day la mdt "vuong qud'c theu ren".
11
\LS NQH£ MU Jl£N LANQ m LAH
Cu Chu Van Lugng- mdt nghe nhan theu ren lao luyen d Van Lam
ndi:
Nghe theu ren d lang Van Lam da cd tQ xa xua 1dm. Khi cac cu sinh ra
va
Idn
len
thi

d lang que da phd bien nghe nay rdi. Bay gid nghd theu ren d
Van Lam khdng he bi mai mdt ma chi phat trien md rdng.
Hang theu ren tQ nod day vdn dugc luu hanh khdp noi trong va ngoai
nude. Nhung trong tam kham ciia cac cu nghe nhan hien vdn cd mdt
sir
hoai
tudng ve "thdi xa vdng"!? Dieu nay da dii ndi len rdng: san phdm theu ren
truyen thdng ciia lang Van Lam tQ xa xua vd'n da ham chQa nhQng gia trj
van hoa - nghe thuat cao trong tam thQc va ddi sd'ng ciia ngudi Van Lam.
(Tuy nhien, qua ket qua khao sat ciia chung tdi
thi
tren xQ sd ciia nghe theu
ren truyen thdng nay
it
cdn bao luu duge nhiing san phdm theu ren cao cap,
sang trgng, cd do tudi cao - N.Q.H).
Dugc biet, nghe theu ren d Van Lam tQ lau dugc luu tdn trong mdt
chu trinh "khep kin" d dang gia truyen trong
timg
gia dinh, hg tdc. NhQng
nguyen lieu nhu vai vdc, kim chi, mau nhudm, khung theu truydn thdng deu
do ngudi Van Lam tu
che'
tac, "tu san, tu tieu".
Chdc rdng, nghe theu d lang Van Lam (thudc Hanh Cung Vu Lam
xua) va nghe tdm tang d vung ddi Tam Diep xua kia da cd mdi lien he
true
tie'p ciia ca mdt vung dia van hoa ven/ngoai Co dd Hoa Lu. Day la mdt net
van hoa vat chat/tinh than ciia mdt qud'c gia ddc lap, tu chu trong tien trinh
chan

hmig
va phat trien.
Dan lang Van Lam vdn truyen tung
cau
phuang ngdn: "Hgc nghd,
hgc dao lam ngudi". "Nghe" a day la nghe theu ren vay!
Thdi thudc Phap
thi
Chinh phii Phap cung da
timg
trao tang
"Ciiu
phdm" cho nghe nhan theu ren ngudi lang Van Lam do cd cdng lao sang tao
nen nhiing mdu hang theu ren dac sdc, hoac da tu tay lam ra nhiing san
12
\6l NQH£ MU ^£N LANQ m
L^H
phdm theu ren dugc danh gia cao d cae hdi chg. Day cung la mdt ket qua
dang chu y ve "ea che thi trudng" each nay da may thap
ky!
Danh hidu ay chua hdn la quan trgng nhat dd'i vdi nhQng nghe nhan
lao luyen, ma chinh la bdng chirng ve tai nghe vdi nhiing thanh qua nghe
nghiep da di vao lich su cua cdng dong dan tdc va nhan loai.
NhCmg
kinh
nghiem gia dan ciia cac nghe nhan theu ren d Van Lam cho thay: Nghe thu
cdng truyen thdng nao cung chinh la mdt dang "thQc an van hoa" trong
cugc sd'ng, ma dieu cd't yeu d day la giQ
gin
ban sdc van hoa dan tdc. Do

chinh la dieu kien mang tinh sd'ng edn!
Mdt sd
CO
sd theu ren d Van Lam hien quy tu tdi may chuc tay thg,
chii yeu la tre tudi ma chu co sd chinh la cae chau ciia cac nghe nhan Dinh
Xuan Henh, Dinh Xuan Soang vang bdng mdt thdi. San phdm theu ren d
day rat phong phu ve chung loai, mdu ma, kich thudc nhu: khan tdm, ga trai
giudng, vd gdi, rem cua, tam theu trai ban,
Idt
khay chen, ao kimdnd dam
bao \6 chat lugng va rat cd uy tin tren thi trudng d trong nudc va tren the
gidi.
Nghe theu cung 1dm cdng phu. Cac cd gai thao theu ren tinh diu
dang, nen na, nhanh mdt, kheo tay, cdn than, ty mi mdi cd the lam nen dugc
san phdm tinh vi.
Hang theu ren d Van Lam ndi rieng va d nhieu dia phuang khac ndi
chung hien nay chu yeu dugc lam bdng nguyen lieu ngoai nhap (vai, chi
theu, mau nhudm ). Hien trang nay da va dang lam "nhuc nhd'i" nhieu ca
nhan va td chQc. Nghd thii cdng truyen thdng nay vdn dang thu
hiit
ddng
dao ngudi tham gia d nhieu do tudi. Tuy vay, viec lam thoa man nhu cau ve
san phdm theu ren d trong va ngoai nudc, khdi lugng hang hoa theu ren va
sir
da dang vc ndi dung ciia cac hgp ddng kinh te, su thay ddi phQc tap cua
13
ILS NQH£ JH£U
J^£N
LANQ m
LAH

thi trudng dang la nhirng ganh nang de len vai ngudi lao ddng va ngudi kinh
doanh
Du cd
rat
nhieu khd khan, nhieu
sir
thang tram, bien cai, song vdi be
day truydn thdng eiia mdt lang nghe cung vdi
sir
sang tao, nang ddng ciia
nhQng ngudi thg, chdc rdng nghe theu ren d lang Van Lam ve lau dai vdn
dugc bao tdn va phat huy, phat trien.
14
icy NQH£ 7H£U Z£N LANQ m LAH
PHAN THLT HAI
QUY TRINH
CHE
TAG SAN PHAM THEU REN.
I- DUNG CU THEU:
1-
Khung theu hinh
chQ
nhat : Thudng mdi gia dinh lam nghe
hoac mdi nhdm thg theu 4-5 ngudi can ed mdt bd khung theu gdm 3 cai, cd
kich CO
khac nhau (ggi la ddi khung theu, loai khung
hinh chQ
nhat).
- Loai khung dai 3,20 m: Cai khung (hai thanh dgc) cd dudng
kinh

6,5 cm.
- Loai khung dai 2,6 m: Cai khung cd dudng kinh 6 cm
- Loai khung
dai
1,2 m: dudng kinh ciia cai khung 4,5 cm.
Tren mat hai thanh cai khung cd xoi due hai dudng ranh rdng 1 cm
de dat hai thanh thep bdng tre gia, that thdng va cQng, rdng chung 0,7 cm,
dat
Igt
vQa xud'ng ranh.
Hai thanh ngang ciia khung theu ggi la nhanh khung, dai khoang 70
cm dugc lam bdng tre hoac gd.
Khung theu thudng lam bdng gd tdt (nhdm 2,3). Cac dung cu co ban
di kem vdi khung theu gdm: ddi me (chan ngira) de ke khung (dai 0,75 m,
cao hon 0,3 m); Vai hoac ni
Ion
de che
bgc
km khung theu trong
nhung
gid
nghi.
2-
Khung then hinh tron: Khung trdn cd dudng kinh be mat
Idn
nhd tuy thudc vao kich cd san phdm theu. Thdng thudng, khung nay cd
dudng kinh khoang
tQ
0,5 m den 1 m. Khung cd 3 chan dd, cao bdng khung
hinh chQ nhat.

15
\6l
NQH£ 1H£U
Z£N
LANQ m LAH
3-
Cac dung cu thiet ye'u khac: Ngoai khung theu la dung cu dugc
che tac theo chudn muc, cac dung cu thiet yeu de theu ren phdi cd la:
- Nhanh (bdng thep hay bdng tre)
- Thep (bang tre, gd )
- Dao nhgn de dui, trfch sgi vai.
-Keo.
- Kim cac loai.
- Giay de ve mdu ma san phdm.
- But
ehi,
muc lo.
4-
Nguyen lieu then ren gom: Vai vdc cac loai,
chi
theu cac loai,
mau nhudm cac loai.
II- TAO MAU VA IN MAU
SAN
PHAM THEU.
1-
Ve hinh va hoa van: Cd vd sd cac hoa tiet, hoa van tren mdi san
phdm theu ndi chung. Nhung nhin chung cd hai loai ma nghe nhan tao tac
la: sang tac va md phdng.
Sang tac: la do nghe nhan tu tao ra.

Md phdng (va dap khudn): la do nghe nhan, thg theu phdng lai hoac
trd de in lai theo mdu cd sdn. Trinh tu nhu sau:
- De tao
nen
mdu hinh hoa tren san phdm theu (du sang tac hay md
phdng) thl khau trudc tien la phai the hien hinh hoa tren giay (phd bicn la
giay bdng can, thQ la gia'y trdng ). Loai giay bdng can hay gia'y dd ben,
ticn lgi hon.
(Nghe nhan dung but
chi
the hien
hinh
hoa tren giay).
16
\6l NQH£ 1H£U ^£N LANQ m LAH
2-
Tro va in hoa van.
Dat gia'y da ve hmh theu len mdt tam ni
Ion
(mdng) rdi dung kim trd
xam theo dudng net, chi tiet cua cac
hinh
hoa. Khoang each giQa cac mui
trd cang lidn nhau cang tdt (khoang 1-3 ly).
- Dat tam ni
Ion
len tam vai dinh theu, can ke cho that vudng vdn,
chinh xac rdi dung mdt thQ bdt mau, da pha vdd nudc (cd the them rugu),
ggi la "bdt lo"
vi

nd cd mau xanh lo, diu mdt, di nhin, lai de giat tay di khi
da theu xong (theo truyen thdng giat tdy bdng nudc chanh. Thoa mdt ldp
mue lo tren mat tam ni
Ion,
dung chdi ldng mem (tua chd quet son, xi) quet
that
diu
len nhQng chd can phai in an. Xong, nhac tam ni
Ion
ra khdi tam
vai (thudng la vai trdng)
thi
cac hoa van, hoa tiet da dugc in tren bl mat tam
vai rdi. Ngudi thg sau dd chi viec theu thua theo cac dudng net tren tam vai
theo cac
hinh
hoa, hoa van da dugc in sdn. Khi theu da xong, tam vai nay
(san phdm theu) dugc mang giat, la, vet muc lo sach het. Cdn tam ni
Ion
dugc lau chui sach, cat giQ de cd the dung vao nhiing lan
iaJheu
sau.
Ill-
CANG
vAl
TREN KHUNG THEU.
\ ^. | \ .^
a- Cdng vdi theu tren khung chii nhat: Dat
k'm^alaa
in sdn mdu

^
theu ngay ngdn d giQa khung.
\ ^ z \
- Xem lai khung, thep, nhanh, lau chui sach se,
Kim-chiriiay
budc
"^
- Khi tam vai da ngay ngdn, da sdng min, cam thep tren tay trai, giQ
chat. Tay phai cam kim (vdt tQ trai sang phai) khau 3-4 mui de dm giQ vai
vao thep khung, rdi quan ehi 3 vdng vao thanh thep cho chat, cd dinh lai,
khau tie'p may mui nQa.
Neu mdu san phdm to rdng thi phai cd hai ngudi (mdi ngudi mdt
phia khung).
17
US
NQH£ WU ^£N LANQ m LAH
Lay thanh thep an chat vao ranh tren thanh cai khung theu, budc chat
lai.
Phia ranh khung theu ben kia, dat thep vao ranh, sdng hai mep vai rdi
eudn va vud't tam vai cho phdng. Lay ddi nhanh xd vao hai dau khung theu,
cang vai ra, rdi dung dinh (tre, thep) cdm vao
Id
nhanh theu de cd dinh buc
vai theu rdi dung day budc vao khung, ket hgp chinh sua do cang
diu ciia
tam vai dinh theu.
b- Cdng vdi theu tren khung trdn.
Tuong tu nhu cang vai theu tren khung
hinh
chQ nhat (dat vai chinh

giQa khung, vud't sdng cho phdng). Khac vdi khung theu
hinh
chQ nhat,
khung theu trdn cd mdt thanh vdng trdn lam bdng thep de ep chat mep vai
hinh trdn quanh mep khung (cd anh minh hoa).
Khi da vud't sdng vai tren mat khung, dat thanh vdng trdn chup sap
quanh mep khung, ket hgp keo cang,
can
dd'i tam vai theu tren mat khung
trdn rdi van dc dinh ep de ed dinh vai tren mat khung theu.
Dd'i vdi khung trdn: thudng chi
dl
theu cac san phdm cd kich thudc
nhd, hoac de sua chQa tiing phan ciia hang theu cd
kich
thudc
Idn.
IV-
TUTHE
NGOI
THEU vA
DONG
TAC THEU.
a-
Tii
the ngoi theu: Ngdi ngay ngdn (nhu ngdi viet). Xua kia ngudi
theu ngdi "bet", chan dudi, nay
thi
ngdi
ghede

theu.
Khoang
each
tQ mdt tdi chd vai theu khoang 25 cm- 30cm. Khi theu
tQ
phai sang trai) (hoac ngugc lai)
thi nen
dich chuyen chd ngdi theo (khdng
ndn theu vdi,
dl
bi lech lac mui theu). Tranh ngdi lech, nhin lech mui theu,
hudng theu, dl bi anh hudng mdt, dac biet la cdt sd'ng.
18
\6l NQH£ MU ^£N LANQ m LAH
b- Ddng tdc then:
- Tay phai (cd trudng hgp la tay trai) cam kim dat trdn tam vai cang trdn
khung; cam kim bdng hai ngdn tay
U-d
va ngdn tay cai. Ngdn tay giua cd deo
"de"
Idt
an kim xudng. Khi nit kim len rdi thi ngdn giira dua quay cay kim ngugc
xudng, rdi di sgi
chi
theu cho nudt.
Rieng ngdn thQ tu chd'ng xud'ng mat vai de lay
cQ
cdm mui kim, nd
cung lam tru dd cho hai ngdn cam kim de cd the dich chuyen tinh vi va
quay dugc gde tod 30 do. Ngdn tay ut thi "thoai mai" de ludn "hat chi" cho

sgi chi theu khdi bi rdi gidt, cung la de kiem tra xem sgi chi cd do cang dam
bao hay khdng.
- Tay trai (tay dd, cd trudng hgp la tay phai, do thuan tay nao) dat d
dudi tam vai cang tren khung theu. Ngdn cai va ngdn trd ddn kim de rut va
lai dam kim len kha lien tuc. Ngon kim dat each ngdn trd khoang 3-4 dot.
Ddu ngdn tro cdn cd nhiem vu tim dd chd dam kim. Ngdn giQa cung deo
"de"
de an cay kim len. Khi rut kim theu xud'ng khdi mat bQc vai theu thi
ngdn trai giQa gat quay ddu kim quay ngugc len. Ngdn thQ tu va ngdn ut
cang sgi chi theu cho vQa do, giQ cho sgi chi theu khi cdn dai cho khdi rdi.
"^
Chu y:
- Cdm mui kim phai sao cho chinh xac, thang dumg. Khi rut kim len
xud'ng
nen
hoi chech (chiing 15 do so vdi mat phdng khung theu). Ddng tae
nay dam bao vQa thuan tay lai khdng gay nguy hiem, lai tranh cho chi theu
khdi bi rdi hay bi sdn.
- Ddng tac ddn, rut kim chi theu
ien
hoac xudng phai that
diu
tay,
thuan thuc, sao cho dung do (mui theu phdng,
khit
tren mat vai; khdng
nen
giat thanh 2, 3 lan thanh thdi quen).
19
\6/

NQH£ 1H£U Z£N LANQ
\JAN
LAH
- Can bmh
tinh,
tranh vdi vang, ha'p tap- dl gay rdi chi theu va nhiing
Idi
bat cap.
V-
NHtJNG
LOI THEU TRUYEN THONG TIEU BIEU vA
PHO BIEN.
1-
Theu "Ndi duoi".
Theu "ndi dudi" la: theu ndi tiep
timg
doan dai vdd mdi mui theu
chQng 5 mi li met. Ca mui theu phai ehinh xac, xit vao nhau de het sQc
tranh bi
Idi
ra
nin
vai, theu phai thdng, phdi lugn dung va kheo de tranh
Id
ra dudng theu "gay khuc". Mui theu "each quang" hay dudng theu khdng
thdng la khdng hgp quy
each
ciia
Id'i
theu nay.

2-
Theu "Van ludt".
Theu "van ludt" la: theu theo each van dudng chi theu (thudng la ap
dung dd'i vdi cac hinh anh nhu sd'ng la, day nho, dudng viln vdng nhd,
diim
ang
may
each dieu, dudng viln la cQng (tnic) Tuy theo dudng viln (van
ludt) to nhd, dam nhat de theu theo
nhilu
each.
Chi theu "van ludt" cd the
la mdt sgi rat manh (manh chi) hoac bdng mdt sgi chi dam hon (da chap,
xe) cho ndi dam hon. Cac mui theu van ludt dai ngdn tuy thudc, sao cho
uyen
chuydn,
phu hgp. Khoang each mui theu cd thl chi cd 1 ly (mm) hoac
ngdn hon. Cac mui theu phai
liin,
sit
vao nhau ma khdng tao
nen
dudng
"rang cua".
Nhilu khi, mui kim theu phai xuyen dung vao doan giQa ciia ddt theu
trudc,
du rat ngdn. Nhu vay thi nhilu doan ngdn tinh vi du ndi tiep cd so le
vdn tao
nen
mdt dudng cong hay dudng thdng (nhu hinh dien tu vay).

Ldi theu "van ludt"
truyin
thdng thudng dugc ap dung, ren giua ky de
theu cac
hinh
canh hoa, la tre, tnic va nhiing hoa tiet tinh xao bdt
bu()c
khac.
20
ICV NQH£ 1H£U K£N LANQ m LAH
3-
Ldi theu "Bat".
Theu "bat" nghla la: theu theo cac dudng "cheo", dudng "bat" dl tao
thanh cac mang, cac dudng theu cd dien tich kha
Idn.
Hudng di cua cac mui theu theo dudng "bat" cung vdi hudng
chilu
dai ciia dudng theu
Idn
nhd (ma nd tao nen) tao thanh
gde
45 do (cd anh
minh hoa kem theo phan khao ta nay). Neu quan sat thuc te nghe nhan theu
ldi theu "bat" thi cung dl hieu.
Ldi theu bat thudng ap dung de theu cac "dudng viln cong" nhu: cac
dudng viln hinh trdn, bdu due, canh hoa
Nhiing cdch theu bat
phd Men
Id:
a- Theu bat nhiing doan thang

gdp
khdc: day la nhQng doan thdng cd
chilu rdng nhat dinh. Nghe nhan theu nhiing dudng kim theo hudng chco
(45 do) so
v(3d
hai mep ciia doan thdng nay (de phii kin mang theu giQa hai
net ve). (Cd anh minh hoa).
Yeu cdu: cac mui theu
liin
sat nhau de ludn tao
nen
mat
nin
da theu
sao cho that phdng, bdng, sdng, min.
b- Theu bat nhiing duang vdng, udn
luctn:
- Khac vdi each theu bat d nhiing doan thdng hay gap khuc, ldi theu
bat nhiing dudng vdng, udn (nhu canh hoa) phai chu y: mui theu cd the dai
hay ngdn xen ke nhau cho linh hoat de dam bao cho hinh hoa tiet dugc min,
khdng mdc ldi (mQi theu khdng chong
ien
nhau hoac bi
each
quang ).
- Theu bat nhiing bdng hoa (nhu hoa
cue,
hoa hdng ) can: ket hgp
them vdi mdt sd ldi theu khac nhu: "theu dam xd", "theu dot". Bdt dau,
thuc^ig

theu phdn dai hoa, nhi hoa, rdi theu cac canh ngdn d phia trong
(theu bat cung chilu), sau den cac canh phia ngoai, nhung cac dudng theu
21
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\JAN
LAH
bat d cac canh hoa dd'i xirng thi ngugc chilu nhau dl lam ndi bat bdng hoa
len. Day la mdt
"bi
quyet" de tang them su sd'ng ddng, lung linh sdc mau
ciia
nhimg bdng hoa theu khi anh sang mat trdi hay anh sang dien chieu
vao,
lam ndi bat nhQng bdng hoa, canh hoa, nu hoa, la, canh
4-
Ldi theu "Chdng chan".
Day la mdt ldi theu kha dac biet- vQa chinh xac lai cd ve khoang dat,
chan chat.
VI ten ggi cua ldi theu "chdng chan" cd the hieu ndm na la: vQa
chdng vQa chan. "Chdng" la: chdng ndi giQa cac mui theu vdi nhau tren
dudng theu. "Chan" la: ghim mdc sgi chi theu vao tam vai theu sao cho hgp
each, vQa do. Cac mui "chan" tren hai dudng theu (dugc ve sdn) thudng so
le,
diu
dan, thua day tuy thudc hoa tiet. Nhu vay, giQa hai mui "chan" chinh
la mdt doan "chdng".
NhCmg
mui theu "chdng chan" tren san phdm theu tua nhu nhQng "vet
gaeh", the hien mdt each tugng trung, khoang dat nhiing canh vat nhu sdng,

bien, canh ddng hoac nhiing vat nhd
hon-khi
cdn. Vi du: theu chan eiia cac
con ed, eon vac, con cdng
thi
nghe nhan d Van Lam thudng the hien qua ldi
theu "chdng chan".
Yeu cdu: Sgi chi theu qua nhiing "not chan" va nhiing "mdi chdng"
phai tu nhien (khdng each quang, khdng bi gap khuc) mdi tranh dugc "ldi".
5-
Ldi theu "Dot".
Theu "dot" la ldi theu ma cac mui theu "dot bien", khdng
liin
vdi
nhau nhu theu "chdng chan". Mdi mQi theu dot dugc thao tac rieng hdn
nhau, hoan chinh, chat che, dung quy tdc
nghi
nghiep.
Cac mui theu dot cung cd do dai ngdn khac nhau, tuy theo hoa tiet
can theu. Vi du nhu:
22
\6l NQH£ WU
f^£N
LANQ m LAH
Ddt tao nhuy hoa bdng mui theu ngdn. Dot de tao cay la phia xa thi
theu mui dai.
Theu dot phan nhuy hoa
hinh
trdn: theu dot theo tiing vdng trdn hay
bau

due,
bau due lech (tQ phia trong ra phia ngoai), dot nhQng vdng phia
trong cung (gan tam) bdng nhiing mui theu ngdn nhat, rdi cang ra cac vdng
ngoai thl cac mui dot cang dai. Thudng khoang each giQa cac mui dot bdng
nua chilu dai cua mdi mui dot. Mui dot d chd it cong hon thi dai hon mui
dot d chd cong nhilu (hep).
6- Ldi theu "Sa hat" (then tao hinh nhiing "hat cdt")
Ldi theu sa hat theo truyin thdng lang Van Lam thudng dugc ap dung
de theu
nhcmg
hoa tiet kha tinh xao, dac trung nhu phan nhuy mdt sd
lagi
hoa, chi tiet ong, budm
Co hai cdch theu sa hat:
- Theu sa hat don: Trugc khi cdm mui kim theu xud'ng, quan mdt
vdng chi quanh cay kim rdi rut cay kim xud'ng sao cho chat, min dl tao
thanh mdt nut cham nhd tren
nin
vai theu.
- Theu sa hat kep: Tuong tu nhu theu sa hat don nhung quan
chi
vao
kim theu tQ hai vdng trd len, tuy thudc do to nhd can thiet ciia sa hat can the
hien.
Chd y: khi rut kim theu xud'ng khdi
nin
vai theu, mdt tay cam sgi chi
theu keo cang ra cho chi theu khdi bi rdi, hdng.
Theu sa hat chii yeu chi ap dung theu trang tri nhiing san phdm it giat
la. Dd'i vdi cac san phdm khac, de the hien hoa tiet gan tuong tu thi theu dot.

7-
Ldi theu "Dam x6".
23