Văn hóa Bái Đính: Phần 2

Ngo Van Minh

Chtfting III:
T R U Y E N

T H U Y E T

Y

ung Bai Dinh co nhieu phong canh dep va d

day nhan dan dia phueng con luu truyen duec
nhieu truyen thuyet. Cac truyen thuyet nay gan
lien vdi sU phat t r i e n cua dia phuong cung nhu
cua dat nUdc, gan lien vdi lich sd dau t r a n h chong
ngoai xam cua dan toe. Ten tdng qua doi, tdng
con sudi, tdng ngon nui ra ddi t d truyen thuyet
nhU co Tam budc ra t d qua t h i , dep nhu the va
trong mat nhu dong sudi budi ban mai.

1. Truyen thuyet ve su ra
ddi cua Dinh B6 Linh
O mien Hoa Lu (Ninh Binh) con truyen ke
cau chuyen ve sU ra ddi cua Dinh Bq L i n h nhu sau:
Ong D i n h Cdng T r d que d ddng Hoa L u (nay
123

•


Bai Bt'nh - Mot Vung Van Hoa

thuoc xa Gia Phuong, huyen Gia Vien) gitf chiic
t h i i su d Chau Hoan (vung Thanh Hoa, Nghe A n )
dtfdi t h d i Dueng D i n h Nghe.
Do b i quan phan loan ddt t r u i kho lueng va
k h i gidi, Ong b i each chdc nen cung vq la ba D a m
T h i , k h a n gdi v l que. T r e n dudng ve que hai Ong
Ba r a t met m d i va phien mudn v i tudi cao ma den
nay hai ngUdi chua mdt m u n con, viec quan t h i
trac t r d , que huong la nei dung t h a n cua tuoi gia
l a i d qua xa.
Rdng ra hang thang t r d i t d Chau Hoan hai
Ong Ba m d i ve den n u i Bai L i n h (Bai Dinh) gan
que. Vq chong Ong ngoi nghi dudi cay co t h u .
N h i n xa xa thay canh ddng, Ba bao Ong ngoi
nghi con m i n h t h i md cua k i e m ca ve nau an. Luc
dau Ba d i ve hudng tay, ddng nUdc nhieu cua, ca
l a i dua Ba ve hudng ddng, chang may chdc da di
xa chd Ong n a m nghi. TrUdc m a t Ba la mdt cai
dam rdng non xanh nUdc biec dep n h u nei t i e n
canh va l a i r a t nhieu torn ca chang may chdc tay
nai cua Ba khdng con chd dung. Bong mdt con
mua rao ap den, mUa trang phau khdng con n h i n
rd dau la bd, Ba cd cam dau l d i thang trong mUa,
may sao trUdc m a t Ba la mot hang n u i dep la
lung n u i ud'n cong n h u mdt cai cau vdng. Mua gid
la the' ma trong hang n u i am ap, Ba ngoi n g h i
t r e n mdt phien da va thie'p d i luc nao khdng biet.
K h i giat m i n h t i n h day. Ba thay mdt con r a i ca
to nam ben canh mdt chan vat qua bung Ba. Ba
hoang sp vung day keu la va chay ve chd Ong.

M o i ngtfdi dan quanh day nghe tieng keu la vac

124


Ngo Van Minh
gay goc chay den. Con r a i ca khong hoang se,
khong chay tron. M o i ngu'di xong vao danh chem,
xa t h i t chia nhau. Ong ba x i n bo xueng va t a m da
con r d i ca gdi can than mang ve de t r e n gac bep.
I t lau sau ba cd thai nhung trong long cam
thay xau hd,va ban khoan ve giac ngu n h u t h a n
sai khien trong hang da hdm xUa. Ong D i n h Cdng
Trd thay ve cd thai t h i mdng l a m ndi: M a i nay
sinh con neu la t r a i nhd dat ten la Bd L i n h (nhd
ch$ng dudng vat va va budi nghi dudi chan nui
Bai Linh). May thang sau dng D i n h Cdng T r d dot
ngdt qua ddi, ba Dam T h i dau ddn than khdc, ba
con hang xdm ai cung thucng t i n h . Ba l a n hdi
kiem sdng qua ngay va khdng ndi cho ai biet la
minh cd mang. Bung ba ngay mot to, dng D i n h
Cdng T r d mat hen mdt nam ma ba van chua sinh
nd. Nhdng l d i ddn dai t h i phi ve ba lan khap nei.
NgUdi em trai cua dng D i n h Cdng T r d la D i n h
Thuc Du d Sach Bdng thay vay cho la ba hoang
thai den nhiec mdc, chdi mang, tudc het nha cda
ruong vudn r d i duoi ba di. Ba Dam T h i bung chda
vuqt mat danh phai bd lang vao d ddng K y L a n
(nay thudc xa Gia Phuong) trong ddng cd den t h d
sen than each lang khdng xa.

Vai thang sau ba sinh duqc mdt ngudi con
trai khdi ngd tuan tu, nhd l d i chong dan, ba dat
ten con la Bd L i n h - Dinh Bd L i n h .

125 •


Bdi Oi'nh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
2 .

T r u y e n t h u y e t

v e

D t i c

thanh Nguyen Minh
Khong (1066-1141) tu
hanh kho hanh d dong
Bai Dinh
Due Thanh Nguyln Minh Khong (Sinh ngay
15 thang 10 nam 1066, mat ngay 10 thang 8 nam
1141) ten la N g u y l n Chi Thanh, que d Dam Gia
Loan, phu TrUdng Yen (xa Gia Thang huyen Gia
V i i n ngay nay). Ong la hoc tro cua danh tang Td
Dao Hanh, phap danh la N g u y l n M i n h Khong,
dan gian goi ngtfdi la N g u y i n M i n h Khong.
Ong la ngUdi thong hieu phat phap, hoc cao
biet rong. Dac biet dan gian don rang ong duqc
t r d i ban cho "thien y thu" sach thudc nha t r d i de

cdu nhan do the. Thuc ra, ong la ngUdi ham hoc
l a i cd long nhan t d , mudn cdu ngUdi nen dng da
m i e t mai, gang cdng cham lo y thuat. Ong chda
benh cdu ngudi ma khdng he lay cdng, de lai
tieng t h e m mudn ddi.
Chuyen ke rang: D d i Vua L y N h a n Tdng,
T h a i t d Duong Hoan mac benh hiem ngheo, khdp
ngUdi moc day long n h u long hd, cac quan t h a i y
trong trieu chtfa m a i khdng khdi. Nghe danh dng
nha Vua cho mdi dng vao trieu xem benh cho
Thai Td. Sau k h i bdt mach va xem benh cho Thai
126


Ngo Van Minh
Ttf, ong dtfa ra each chtfa t r i ma m o i ngtfdi deu
cho la nham n h i . Nha vua cung r a t ban khoan
song v i trong hang ngu t h a i y chi co ong la dam
cam doan neu chtfa khong khoi benh cho T h a i Ttf
t h i x i n chiu t o i chet nen cudi cung nha Vua danh
ddng y. Ong sai lay mot vac dau va tha cac loai
thudc vao. K h i vac dau soi sung sue, ong dung tay
vuc dau vay khap ngUdi T h a i T d trUdc stf k i n h
ngac cua moi ngUdi. Sau may l a n nhtf the Thai T d
khdi benh. Nha Vua mtfng r d va hau thudng
nhung ong khong nhan. Nha Vua gitf ong d l a i
trieu dinh phong lam de nhat t h a i y nhung ong
td choi, ong l a i ra di vdi song nui, cd cay, hoa la
va nhan dan d khap moi m i e n que.
Ong mat nam 1141 t a i xa H a m L y , huyen

Vinh Lac, H a i Duong, nha Vua s i c phong ong la
"Phu Van Qudc Su". Den t h d ong cd d r a t nhieu
nei, d N i n h B i n h cd t d i 25 noi t h d dng.
Bai D i n h la mot trong nhieu nei dng gan bd
cudc ddi m i n h , ca mdt vung rdng l d n cua cac
huyen Nho Quan, Gia Vien con ghi l a i nhieu
truyen thuyet ve dng.
Duong t h d i dng da cung vdi t h i e n sU N g u y l n
Gidc H a i t r u t r i d chua Ve (xa K h a n h Phu, Yen
Khanh ngay nay) cung sang Tay True t h i n h k i n h .
Sau dd t r d ve que huang Dam Gia Loan. Trong
mdt l a n vUqt sdng Hoang Long di hai thudc dng
da phat hien ra ddng t r e n n u i Bai Dinh. Hang
ddng dep nhU nai t i e n canh, nui l a i hudng ve phia
tay n h u chau ve dat phat td, rung gia menh mdng
vd van cay thudc qui. Ong da dtfng chan d day tu

127 •


Bdi Di'nh - Mpt Vung Van Hoa
hanh va h a i thudc de cdu do chung sinh. Khong
chi h a i cay thudc san cd t r e n nui, ma dng con dUa
nhieu loai thudc qui ve day de thuan hda va
trdng, bien nei day t h a n h mdt vtfdn thudc ldn
truyen l a i cho cac the he mai sau. Cung chinh t d
y nghia nay ma cai t e n Sinh Duqc (thudc sdng) ra
ddi. Sinh Duqc duqc dat t e n cho ca mot vung dat
dai rdng l d n xung quanh n u i Bai D i n h .
Ong da sdng va l a m thudc tu hanh d ddy

bao lau t h i khdng ai con nhd song t e n dat, ten ddi
xung quanh nui Bai D i n h deu gan l i e n vdi sinh
hoat cua dng.
Ba qua ddi goi la ddi ba rau (nei xay dung chua
mdi) la ba dng dd rau dng dung de bac bep nau com
va sao thudc. Horn ddi phia tay goi la xd bep la noi
dng cho cui vao dun, horn ddi phia tay bac goi la
ddng cui la nei dng de cui. Tro than dng cdi ve phia
ddng tao thanh tdng ddng la cac ddng da tai meo
mau den nhu than nam canh dudng len chua mdi.
O phia tay bac each Bai D i n h khoang 500m
la n u i M d t gidng n h u cai am pha tra, nui Can, nui
Gida, nui Xua gidng n h u ba cai chen la ndi dng
udhg tra. Nude pha t r a dng lay d gieng L q i Chau,
dudi chan nui M d n gan dd, phia ddng bac nui cd
mdt gieng nUdc ttf nhien, nude trong vat, mieng
gieng, da dua ra nhtf mieng chau. Ntfdc trong
gieng dun len chay qua mieng chltu nhtf mdt bdng
hoa t h a t dep.
O phia ddng nui Bai D i n h each nui khoang
300m dudng chim bay cd mdt thung lung rdng goi

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128


Ngo Van Minh
la thung A n g N o i . Phia nam thung co mot cai ao
ldn goi la ao A n g N o i (hay con goi la ao Sau),

phia dong bac thung dudi chan n u i cung co mot
cai ao dong thdi la cda hang, goi la hang Nude,
Ao A n g N o i va hang Nude quanh nam khong bao
gid het nUdc, day la nei Ddc Thanh t a m giat va
rda xoong noi, bat dia vao mua nUdc khan, v i the
goi la A n g N d i (mua mUa da cd nUdc t r e n nui).
Hang Nude la cda hang phia tay cua mot dudng
hang dong xuyen nui dep va dai nhat trong cac
hang dong d Trang A n , t d cda hang nay qua gan
2.000m se den cda phia bac la hang Vdng.
TrUdc day k h i chua dap de Hoang Long
thudng la t d ngay Phat Dan (8.4 am lich) den
nUdc tieu man (20.4 am lich), mUa rao to nUdc
ngap t r a n thung tdng dan ca chep dd, ca tre, ca
chay...td hang Nude, ao A n g N d i boi ra nhieu vo
ke nhu cd tha ao. Ca cuon vao nhau dd lap lanh
nhu nhdng con rdng l d n nen cd ngUdi con goi
hang Nude la hang Long A n . Ca hda rdng xuat
hien vao ngay Phat Dan, cung la t d tich Ddc
Thanh dua dd danh ca ve de d day.
K h i t u hanh d ddng Bai Dinh, dng thudng
hay ve vung V a n T r i n h tha dd v i d day cd chd
sdng hep hai ben la vach nui goi la khu vUc N u t
Dd r a t thuan t i e n cho viec tha dd bat ca (Nut Dd,
la doan sdng Hoang Long, di qua thdn Van T r i n h ,
xa Thuqng Hda, huyen Nho Quan). V i d xa khdng
coi duqc, nen dd hay b i do trdm, bUc m i n h dng
l a m cau ddng dao:

129 •

Bdi EHn
' h - Mot Vung Van Hoa
Ai md trgm do lao nay
Den mua tray thue di may vi nSm
(Doan song nay theo htfdng tay nam- dong
bac nen mua t r a y thue vao thang 5, thang 6 am
lich ca d i va ve deu ngtfec gid). Cung cd l a n dng
mang theo ca dieu l e n day vtfa tha dd vtfa tha
d i l u , dieu bay cao dng budc day vao hdn da chan
n u i r o i vao hang mat ngu, ngu quen mat gid to
t h d i manh, dieu bay l e n t r d i , cdng ca hdn da di
xa may chuc met r d i r o i xudng canh sdng, v i vay
ma each nut Dd ve phia ha luu khoang 300m cd
hdn da ma dan dia phUdng goi la hdn da "dieu
cdng" nang hang may chuc tan. L a n khac di danh
dd t a i day, gap hai con voi hue nhau, dng nhay
vao can va ngtf len dau mdt con, chd Ong ngtf nay
dan lang lap den t h d dng d dau nui Nang. Nui
Nang, n u i Queo (thudc thdn Van T r i n h , xa
Thuqng Hoa, huyen Nho Quan, t i n h N i n h Binh)
trdng n h u hai con voi quay dau vao nhau.
Sau nhieu l a n b i dd t r d m mat ca, dng khdng
danh dd d vung nay nffa ma mang dd ve cat d
hang Nude va ao A n g N d i , trong dd con v a i con
chep nhd va cac loai ca khac, Ngai. phdng sinh ca
ca va dd xudng ao . Duec tha xudng ao, ca sinh sdi
nay nd va theo hang ngam d i khap moi nei.Hang
n a m cd vao dip phat dan dau thang t u am lich

k h i ddn nhtfng t r a n mtfa dau mua ha, hq hang
nha ca l a i keo nhau ve nei ma td tien ca dtfqc Dtfc
Thanh phdng sinh, hoa rdng mua lupn 11 t r d i , l l
phat, I I doi en Ddc Thanh.
Phia tay B a i D i n h ngay dudi chan nui Id

•

130


Ngo Van Minh
vung O Ga nui Dure Thanh nuoi ga, tiep do la
canh dong rong may t r a m ha cua cua hai xa Gia
Sinh va Sen L a i . Cach n i i i khoang 1km dudng
chim bay nei tiep giap gida ruong cay Ida va doi
la mot vung dd ong bang phang rong den hang
mdu ten dia phuong goi la vung Da Soi, nei day
con h i n h chiec coi gia gao, cd ca Id coi va chd dat
chay gia gao, canh coi gia gao la coi gia cua, day
la nei dng gia gao an va gia cua nau canh. V i dng
gia cua, vat ba ra ben canh nen vung dong bai
thudc ba xa Gia Sinh, Sen L a i , Quynh Luu rong
hang ngan ha la vung dat soi den t r a n g n h u mau
ba cua vay. Cung tai day cd mot ban chia d an
quan chd Ddc Thanh ngoi chei d, da 1dm xudng
rdng hang met, tre chan trau 9-10 tudi nam ra
mdi vda( khu vUc nay la nei tu tap vui chei cua
hau het tre chan trau trong vung, chei d r d i cai
ldn, trau mat luc nao khdng biet, den nay vah con

bai ve tre trau:
Thd trdu dong Bdi
Choi 6 cd ngay
Luc Bd di cay
Lang bdt mat trdu.
Dang tiec rang bai da ong nay vao nhdng
nam 1980, da b i nhan dan dia phudng khai thac
het nay khdng con dau tich gi nda. Phia tay bai
dd cd mdt lach nUdc chay ve phia thdn Dinh
Trang cua xa Sen L a i , day la lach luon hay la
vung Id luen. Chuyen xUa ke rang Ddc Thanh
thudng deh day bdt luon. Tang da dng qui bat

131

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Bai Bi'nh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
krcfn to bang cai chieu, chd ong qui gdi bat luen
da lorn xudng n h u mot cai thung con. Bat dtfpc
luon ong d i x i n me ve nau, dau t i e n ong nhay qua
song d i ve hudng bac den vung ddi Bich Sen x i n
m a i ma dan chi cho mot dua me, buc m i n h quay
v l den canh song Hoang Long ong hat bat me ra
ddng cho ay gid la canh ddng me thuoc xa Gia
Vuqng. Canh ddng rong chdng 3ha nUdc quanh
n a m luc nao cung t r a n g n h u nUdc me. Ong l a i di
ve phia nam den vung ddng bao dan tqc Mudng d
Quang Lac ba con d sdi l d i , thuc tha vda cho ong

nhieu me l a i cho ca hoa chudi rdng de nau vdi
luon. Ve gan den nha t r d i mUa dudng ddc ong
truqt nga, me dd mat mot i t nei ong danh dd me
la doc me bay gid, doc nay k h i con la dudng dat
chi can mUa lat phat la t r e n n h u dd me. Lang gan
do cung duqc goi la lang Me, sau l a i dan thanh
lang Me nay thuoc xa Sen L a i , huyen Nho Quan,
each n u i B a i D i n h khoang 1km dudng chim bay.
M o n luen nau hoa chudi, cd t i me chua ma dng
dung k h i xUa nay t r d t h a n h mdn dSc san d ca
trong va ngoai nUdc va cd k h i xuat x d cung t d
vung Id luen nay.Va cung l a i that tide rang tang
da i n dau tich Ddc Thanh qui gdi nam xUa da b i
mdt ngUdi dan dung m i n pha de lay da xay nha.

•

132


Ngo Van Minh
3.

O n g

t u d n g

T a y

S a n

v a

moi tinh tren que
huang Sinh Duac
Sinh ra va ldn len d ap Thanh Sen, xa Bo
Be,phu Qui Nhen, huyen Bong Sen, t i n h B i n h
Binh. Ong Tran Bdc Thiem, huy Bdc V i - T r a n
Bdc V i da cung cac t r a i trang trong lang dau
quan cho nghia quan Tay Sen t d k h i cudc k h d i
nghia m d i nd ra. Gidi vo nghe l a i la ngudi ddc do
ong duqc thu l i n h nghia quan trong dung va
phong cho chdc quan Bo Ty.
Theo doan quan cua chu tudng Nguyen Hue
ra b i c , dng de l a i phia sau que hueng B i n h B i n h
vd dai gia dinh d ap Thanh Sen. K h i quan Tay
Sen t d Thang Long l u i ve xay dung phdng tuyeh
Tam Biep, B i m Sen dng duqc quan dd ddc Vu
Binh Huah (Bd ddc Vu B i n h Huan la ngtfdi xa
Quang Xuyen, huyen Phu Cat, t i n h B i n h Binh).
Sau chien thang mua xuan k y dau 1789 dng la chi
huy ddn Gian Khau, lay vq ngudi lang B a i T r d xa
N i n h Giang, huyen Hoa L u va t r d t h a n h dng td
hq Vu t a i day. Nha t h d dng hien con t a i thdn Bai
Trff va cd ddi cau ddi:
Lenh truyen do doc danh mien Bdc
Tit qui xudt nhdn thdng dia Nam
Nghia Id:

133 •

Bai EXnh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
Vang menh
miin Bdc

vua do ddc di lqi danh tieng d

Khi tiet cda qui nh&n d miin Nam
Sdd,

f ' N i n h B i n h theo dong lich sd, v a n hda" tr.174)

Ong duec cd di t r i n h sat va chuan b i cac
dieu k i e n nhU: Khao sat cac dudng thuy bd, chuan
b i lUdng thuc k h i gidi de ddn quan Tay Sen tien
ra Thang Long tieu diet quan Thanh. Sau k h i
nghien cdu k y dia h i n h , dng da chon vung Bai
D i n h l a m nei tap ket nghia quan de t i e n danh
ddn Gian Khau - cda ngd phia nam t h a n h Thang
Long v i :
- Mdt la: t d day cd the theo hai dudng thuy,
bd tien danh ddn Gian Khau b i mat nhat, thuan lqi
nhat. T d nui Bai D i n h theo dudng thuy, bd tdi Gian
Khau chi mat dd mdt gid ddng hd, khoang 5km.
- H a i la: Vung n u i Bai D i n h n u i non trung
diep nhieu hang ddng, thung lung cd the t r u quan
va tich t r d lueng thao ma khdng b i 16.
- Ba la: t d Tam Diep, qua Phd Cat, Ria ve
Bai D i n h quan Tay Sen cd the di con dudng ngan

nhat va an toan nhat de t i e n ve Gian Khau, con
dudng ddc dao dudi chan n u i B a i D i n h Id con
dudng ndi l i e n phu Thien Quan va TrUdng Yen
luc bay gid
T a i day dng da chieu tap nhieu t r a i trang
trong vdng bd sung cho nghia quan. Ong Pham
V a n Thdng - dng t d t h d hai cua hq Pham lang

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134


Ngo Van Minh
Sinh Dupe t r d thanh quan pho do t y cua nghia
quan (theo gia pha ho Pham lang Sinh Duqc, ong
Pham Van Dung hien la trudng hq ddi t h d 9). Lo
ren cua ong N g u y l n Van Soan (ong t d hq
Nguyln-dng N g u y l n Van Ngong trtfdng ho ddi
t h d 12 d lang Sinh Dtfqc) d chan n u i Lang Ddi
dtfqc md rong thanh cong b i n h xtfdng ren vu k h i
cho nghia quan. Cac hang dong ven n u i dupe md
rong lay lam noi chda lueng thuc va cac dd dung
khac phuc vu cho nghia quan. Cung t a i day dng
da lam quen vdi ba Nguyen T h i Thanh, em gai
thd hai cua ong Nguyen Van Soan (ngudi d i tiep
quan lueng ma sau nay ong lay l a m vq).
K h i ddn Bai T a i (d vung t h o n B a i , Sen
Thanh-Nho Quan ngay nay) do cai Gia va nghia
quan "Can Vuong" cua nha Le chiem gid b i giai

tdn bdi muu ke cua ong D i n h Huy Dao (ong D i n h
Huy Dao, ddi t h d 6 ho D i n h Huy d t h o n Ngoc
Dong, xa Gia Phong, ong duqc nha Tay Sen
phong t d i chdc "Quang 16c thuqng dai phu, chdc b i
thu true hoc si v i i n muu hau" ddng dau 4 v i quan
to d cung T h d i Td, ong la ngtfdi trtfc tiep day dd
Thai Td Quang Toan) Quan Tay Sen t d Phd Cat
tidn ra em d vung Bai Dinh. Trong dan gian con
truyen l a i rang ca mot vung n u i ddi rong ldn t d
Sen L a i - Nho Quan den t a n TrUdng Yen- Hoa L u
ngay nay la nei d cua nghia quan. Vung nui Van,
nui Vo (nay thuoc xa Sen Lai) la noi d cua quan
van, quan vo. Vung ddi Leu sat vdi ao A n g ndi ndi
cd nguon nUdc la leu t r a i cua bd phan hau can,
canh dd la ddi Voi ndi de voi chien. Vung A n Ma

135 •


Bdi EXnh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
vdi nhieu thung lung rong ndi tiep nhau, co the
chda hang ngan bo, ngtfa la ndi nghia quan tha
va gia'u ngtfa. Dong nUdc chay t d B a i D i n h qua Ba
Rau xudng vung ruong t r u n g ra song Hoang Long,
noi nghia quan nghi ngoi dudi t a n rdng gia an
com nam mo cau, mo cau chat t h a n h tdng ddng
hai ben ddng nUdc, nhan dan trong vung goi do
la song Mo.
TrUdc k h i t i e n quan danh ddn Gian Khau,
Do Ty T r a n Ddc V y da vang lenh Vua dung dan

de Vua Quang Trung l a m l l te cd d n u i Bai Dinh.
La cd nghia duqc cam d dinh phia bac dinh cao
n h a t cua qua n u i , the h i e n y chi cua quan Tay
Sen quyet t a m quet sach giac ngoai xam den t d
phuong bac, t d do den nay nhan dan Sinh Duqc
goi day la d i n h Cot Cd. Sau 11 te cd, ngudi ngam
tam, ngUa ddng ham, quan thuy xuat qudn t d
canh ddng Thd canh n u i H a m Rdng, sat sdng
Hoang Long. Quan bd xuat quan t d ben Bdi (ben
trong phu lang t h d hai Cdng Chua Nha Tran) qua
lang Sinh Duqc theo dudng Cau Don, qua Ddng
Khe, Gia Trung de vUqt sdng Hoang Long t i e n
ve Gian Khau (Cau Don la con dudng ndi lang
Sinh Duqc, Ddng L a m cua xa Gia Sinh va lang
Ddng Khe xa Gia Trung, sd d i cd t e n la Cau Don
v i t h d i dd gida hai dia danh nay la mdt khoang
dam lay dai gan 2 k m nghia quan Tay Sen da
phai chat cay rdng de ddn xudng dam lay tao
thanh dudng, dau tich cua con dudng nay cdn rat
rd, k h i dao n a n sdng Hoang Long doan phia t r e n
t r a i Ddng L a m khoang 200 - 300m dudi m a t dat

•

136


Ngo Van Minh
khoang l m da phat hien mot vung co nhieu cay
coi muc nat lan trong bun dat, t h i thoang van

con mot vai cay go con h i n h dang va dude xep
theo htfdng dong tay).
Sau chien thang mua xuan k y dau 1789,
quan Do Ty Tran Ddc Vy, phd Do Ty Pham Van
Thong duqc Vua Quang Trung giao cai quan don
Hoang Dan (hat Nam Dinh). Trong k h d i Ida chien
tranh hai nghia quan Tay Sen mdt N a m , mot
Bac da ket nghia lam anh em the sdng chet cd
nhau, nay l a i dUdc d cung mdt chd, dng Pham
Van Thdng da mai mdi cho dng T r a n Ddc V y lay
em vq la ba N g u y l n T h i Thanh. N a m canh dan
1794 (nam Canh Thinh t h d hai) dng Vy sinh con
dau long la Tran Ddc Nhuan, ddng hq T r a n Ddc
d lang Sinh Duqc bat dau t d day (trudng hq hien
nay la dng Tran Ngoc Hoang ddi t h d 7). Ong
Pham Van Dudng con dng Pham V a n Thdng cung
sinh ra cung t h d i vdi dng Nhuan .Em gai ba
Nguyln T h i Thanh la N g u y l n T h i L a n h cung lay
mot nghia quan Tay Son hq Vu que d Thanh Hda,
lap nen hq Vu d lang Xuan T r i , xa Gia Sinh (dng
Vu Thdi la trudng hq ddi t h d 7).
Ba nghia quan Tay Sdn lay ba chi em ho
Nguyln, cudc song em am, sinh sdi dudi chan nui
Lang Ddi chtfa dtfdc bao lau t h i Tay Sdn that thu
,nha Nguyen t i e n ra phia bac chiem l a i cac can
cd cua nghia quan. Quan Do Ty T r a n Ddc Vy chay
ve Nam, dinh mang theo vd con nhung ba Thanh
bung mang da chda khdng di duqc danh phai d l a i
que nha. Quan phd Dd Ty Pham Van Thdng trong

137 •


Bdi EXnh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
mot l a n chong giac da b i bat va giam gid t a i nha
tdng Toe khu vtfc K i V y . Ong b i t r a t a n da man,
sau k h i dupe cdu ra ong ve que sinh sdng nhtfng
ban t h a n bat toai nam liet mot chd. Ong mat
nam K y M u i 1799.
Trong t h d i gian ong Thong b i bat ba Lanh
gdi ong Pham V a n Dudng cho ba Thanh nuoi
nang de d i t h a m chong. Than gai dam tru'dng ba
quyet t a m d i vao nei m u i ten hdn dan de t h a m
chong song ba da khdng gap duqc chong ma con
b i bat mang di biet tich. H a i ddng ho T r a n Ddc
va hq Pham luc nay chi con ba N g u y l n T h i
Thanh cheo chohg, vda phai ne t r a n h sU truy dudi
cua nha N g u y l n , vda phai nudi con, nudi chau
nhung ba Thanh da l a m t r d n phan stf. Ca dng
T r a n Ddc Nhuan va dng Pham V a n Dudng deu
duec ba nudi k h d n l d n trudng thanh, sau nay deu
cd cdng trong viec xay dtfng lang xa. Ba N g u y i n
T h i Thanh da t r d t h a n h nhu mau cua ca hai ddng
hq. Cam ta on sau cua ba, k h i ba mat (ngay 10.7
am lich) hq Pham da khac bia ghi cdng en ba, lay
ngay gid cua ba l a m ngay chinh gid cua hq Pham.
Md cua ba d khu vtfc ddng Dia thudng duqc dan
lang goi la md Ba Ddc.
Bai v i cua ba hien nay duqc t h d d ca hai
ddng hq.

•

138


Ngo Van Minh

Chtfdng IV:
X t f n g

d a n h

t r o n g

t h d i

C

a n h
d a i

h u n g
m d i

ung nhu bao lang que khac dudi che do de qudc,

phong kien ngudi dan que toi ddi khd t r a m be.
Td k h i cd Dang nhan dan cac lang Xuan T r i , Sinh
Duqc, Le Thuqng, Le T r i nhu duqc hdi sinh va duqc

dUa dudng dan ldi den cudc sdng tuoi dep hen. Sau
ngay chi bd Dang dau tien cua t i n h N i n h Binh
duqc thanh lap, dng Lueng Van Thang ngudi d
Quynh Luu, Nho Quan da md ldp hoc chd han tai
nha dng Nguydn Van Da thdn Xuan T r i . TrUdc dd
con gai dng Ltfong Tu Thang, la ba Lueng T h i
Thoa cung da xay dung gia dinh vdi dng Ngd Manh
Chdc d lang Sinh Duqc. Ba di lay chong ma tren
vai con n&ng t i n h non nUdc, nhdng ganh rau, ganh
gao qua l a i gida hai mien que Quynh Luu - Sinh
Duqc cd ca t a i lieu tuyen truyen each mang ma cu
Tu gdi ra cho td chdc. Bang nhieu mdi quan he,
dudng ldi edeh mang - chu nghia Mac - Le N i n duec
tuyen truyen va bam re d manh dat nay.
139 •


Bai Bfnh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
Vol danh nghia la di hoc chtf han ong Ngo
T r i Phii la con ca ong Ngo M a n h C M c da vao^d
nha ong ngoai. T a i day ong Phii dtfqc hoc tap, hieu
biet ve each mang, dtfdc chi bo Dang L u Phong
(tong Quynh Ltfu) ket nap vao to chtfc each mang,
dong thdi dtfdc giao nhiem vu phat t r i e n cd sd d
lang Sinh Dtfdc. Vao dip ky niem lan thtf 13 each
mang thang 10 Nga thanh cong (7-11-1930) ngtfdi
thanh nien 19 tuoi Ngo T r i Phu da hoan thanh
nhiem vu td chtfc cam cd bua liem t r e n dinh nui
Khdi. La cd t r e n dinh nui ndi tiep giap cua hai
huyen Nho Quan, Gia V i i n da gay chan dong ca

mot vung que rong ldn va bao hieu each mang da
ve tren manh dat nay. Sau ong Ngo T r i Phu, ong
Le T d B i n h d Le Thuqng cung dude ket nap vao td
chdc each mang day la nhdng hat nhan each mang
dau tien cua xa Gia Sinh. Cung ttf day phong trao
yeu ntfdc dtfdc phat trien, cd sd each mang dtfdc md
rong dtfa phong trao ttfng btfdc di len.
M d dau la phong trao k h a t stfU, k h a t thue,
chong thue trong nhtfng nam 1930-1931, dien
h i n h la viec t d chtfc chong thud cua nhan dan cac
lang Le. Sang ngay 2 7 \ 6 \ 1 9 3 1 khoang 150 ngUdi
chu yeu la ngUdi Le Xa tap trung t a i chua Le rdi
keo xuohg t i n h dau tranh doi khat thud. Tuan
phu Phan D i n h Hoe danh phai chap nhan cho
k h a t thue, ket qua nay da tac dong r a t l d n den
cac dia phuong khac tao nen k h i the dau t r a n h
manh me. Trong nam 1931 nhieu xa, tdng thupc
huyen Gia Vien khong phai nop thue, nop sUu
trong nhan dan con truyen tung:

140


Ngo Van Minh
Trdn chong thue ai quen sao ddqc
Tit Van Trinh, Le Xd budc tien phong
Trong nhdng nam 1932- 1933 phong trao
tuy khong manh xong van dUdc duy t r i . T h d i gian
nay ong Le T d Binh duqc ra tu l a i tiep tuc hoat
dong. cac hoi cdu te do, hoi tueng te ai hdu, hoi

cay ruong, phudng gianh, hoi may ao...duec phat
trien. Cac hoi vien quyen t i e n gay qui giup nhau
luc kho khan, xay dung mdi doan ket, giao due
long yeu nUdc, cam thu phong kien, de qudc.
Trong nhdng nam 1936- 1939 (thdi ky mat
tran dan chu Dong Duong) mot sd hoi nhU: hoi ai
hdu, hoi cay, hoi lqp nha d Sinh Duqc duqc thanh
lap. Doan thanh nien phan de do ong Ngo T r i
Phu phu trdch lap "td dqc sach bao", hoi tap vo,
hoi dau cu, phudng trdng san, trdng cu... Co sd Le
Xd lanh dao quan chung dau t r a n h v d i bon tay sai
cua de qudc, phong kien d dia phuong doi quyen
dan sinh,dan chu, chong di phu, di l i n h , to chdc
rai truyen den d lang Dong Khe, trudng hoc hang
tdng Le Xa va nha chanh tdng Ha Tang Tien.
Phong trao each mang nhdng nam 19361939 d Sinh Ddqc, Le Xa cd su lanh dao cua
Dang, cd t i n h quan chung rdng r a i , cdng khai dau
tranh ddi t u do, dan chu, tao dieu kien thuan l q i
phat trien phong trao trong nhdng nam sau.
Nhdng nam 1939-1940 viec xay dtfng luc
luqng de chuan b i tdng khdi nghia dupe gap r u t
tien hanh. Ong Lueng Van Dai (tdc Van, que
Thdi Binh) dupe khu uy phan cdng phu trdch va

141 •


Bdi EXnh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
xay dung phong trao d N i n h Binh, ong Ngo T r i
Phu dupe phan cong di don ong D a i ve Sinh Dupe

va da lay nha ong Hoang Quang Doan d T r a i
Dong L a m la co sd t i n cay de hoat dong.
T d thang 4/1941 co sd Dang d Sinh Dupe,
Le Xa dupe cung c6' va md rong, cP sd Doan
thanh nien dupe dng Ngd T r i Phu trUc tiep d cdc
Lang Sinh Dupe, Le Xa, Ngoc Ddng, L d i Sen,
Me, Chang, Veo. Phong trao phat t r i e n manh,
hoat ddng cua to chdc Doan kha sdi n d i va dat
hieu qua.
Sau cudc m i t t i n h d go Sao (xa Gia Phong)
ngay 1/8/1941. Ngay 13/9/1941 dng Ngd T r i Phu
bi mat tham Phap bat cung vdi cac dng T r a n Van
Tap, Tran Van Huong, Le T d Binh va 5 ngUdi
khac d Le Xa. Ngay 26/9/1941 (6/8 Tan Ty) dng
Phii da anh dung hy sinh trong nha tu cua thuc
dan Phap, dng la liet sy dau t i e n cua xa Gia Sinh.
Sau ngay dng Phu hy sinh phong trao khdng
ldng xudng ma l a i phat t r i e n manh them. Cac td
chdc cdu qudc dupe t h a n h lap tien t d i tdng khdi
nghia. Cudi thang 10 nam 1942 hdi nghi cac co sd
each mang cua xa hop t a i nha dng Ngd M a n h
Chdc.
Ngay mdng 6 thang gieng nam qui mui
(10/2/1943) nhan dip le hdi chua Bai Dinh, dng
Tran T d Binh (luc dd dng la x d uy Bac K y phu
trach chien khu Quang Trung gdm N i n h Binh,
Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa va dang md ldp huan luyen
quan sU dau t i e n cho 3 t i n h t a i ddng Bang, xa

142

Ngo Van Minh
San Ha, Nho Quan ngay nay) quyet dinh t d chuc
cudc m i t t i n h t a i day.
N a m 1943 giac Phap d N i n h B i n h va bon
tay sai d dia phuong, cUdp doat ruong dat cua
Sinh Duqc de dao ngoi pha nui H a m Rdng.
Khoang thang 8-1943 l q i dung phien chq Sinh
Duqc, mot cuqc dau tranh da nd ra. Sau nhung hdi
trong mo ndi len, hang t r a m thuyen be dd ra k i n
ca cdnh ddng Lang cau, hang t r a m tre, gia, t r a i ,
gai xdng len thu xeo, bua, dung cu cua bon l a m
dd. TrUdc k h i the dau tranh cua nhan ddn, bon
chu thau tay sai vd Thach Ho bd chay khong dam
len nua. Day la cudc dau t r a n h t u phdt cua quan
chung va da thang lqi, thang l q i nay khong chi cd
y nghia ve mat k i n h te' ma con cd y nghia r a t ldn
ve chinh t r i , cd t i n h each mang, phat ddng luc
luqng quan chung tham gia.
Ngay mdng 6 thang gieng nam giap than
(30/1/1944) l a i mdt l a n nda nhan dip Id hdi chiaa
Bdi Dinh. Ban can stf Dang t i n h N i n h B i n h quyet
dinh td chdc cudc d i l n thuyet cdng k h a i td' cao t d i
dc cua phat x i t Nhat, thtfc dan Phap, ddng thdi
keu goi nhan dan tich cue tham gia Viet M i n h de
chong Phap, Nhat. Ddng chi N g u y l n T h i Hung
(tdc D) va chi Tdm can bd xd uy Bdc K y ve d i l n
thuyet . Cudc d i l n thuyet duqc td chdc chu ddo,
ba't ngd, ddng dao nhdn dan tham du, bon hueng

l y , k y hao va tay sai t r d tay khdng k i p .
Ngay 15/3/1945 mot sd nhan dan Sinh
Duqc, Le Thuqng, Xuan T r i mang theo quang
thung, vuqt nui ddi vao phdi hep vdi nhan dan
143


Bai EXnh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
Quynh Luu va cac lang l a n can pha kho thdc l a m
ciiu doi. Thang 5/1945, Viet M i n h Sinh Dupe hop
tai nha ong Ngo M a n h Chuc ban viec kien toan
cac td chiic t u ve ciiu qudc, thanh nien cdu qudc,
phu nd cdu qudc, phu lao cdu qudc... md rong td
chdc Viet M i n h , phat dong quan chung, t d chdc
cudc dau t r a n h bang bao luc each mang.
Ngay 24/7/1945, cuqc dau t r a n h chong thue
gianh thang l q i , xa bq Viet M i n h tuyen bd giai
tdn chinh quyen tay sai cua dich va tuyen bd
thanh lap uy ban giai phong xa de giai quyet viec
hanh chinh luc giao t h d i . O Sinh Dupe do ong
Ngo M a n h Chdc lam chu tich, d Le Thuqng do
ong T r a n van D d lam chu tich, d Xuan T r i do ong
N g u y l n Xuan M a i lam chu tich.
Sang ngay 19/8/1945 chap hanh menh lenh
cua Viet M i n h t i n h N i n h Binh, cua huydn Gia
V i i n , xa bo Viet M i n h , U y ban dan tqc giai phdng
Sinh Duqc, Le Thuqng, Xuan T r i huy ddng luc
luqng t u ve va mdt sd quan chiing tham gia gianh
chinh quyen d huyen l y Gia V i i n . Sang ngay
20/8/1945 t u ve, va ddng dao quan chung cac lang

SinhDuqc, Xuan T r i , Le Xa mang theo bieu ngd,
cd bang, khau hieu, sung trudng, dao, Idem keo
den ddng Thien Tdn hoa cung nhan dan hai
huyen Gia V i i n , Gia K h a n h tien ve t i n h ly N i n h
Binh gianh chinh quyen t i n h thang l q i .
Ngay 21/8/1945, xa bd Viet M i n h , Uy ban
dan toe giai phdng Sinh Duqc hop (tai nha dng
Ngd M a n h Chdc) ban viec t h a n h lap uy ban nhan
dan each mang l a m t h d i . Ong Ngd M a n h Chdc
•

144


Ngo Van Minh
dupe chi dinh l a m Chu tich Uy ban nhan dan
each mang l a m t h d i .
Sang ngay 22/8/1945 U B N D each mang l a m
t h d i Sinh Dupe ra mat nhan dan t a i dinh trung
lang Sinh Difpc. T a i Xuan T r i U B N D Cach mang
l a m t h d i difpc t h a n h lap, ong N g u y l n Xuan M a i
l a m Chu tich, life lifpng each mang da thu hoi
t r i e n dong, sd sach, giay t d cua chinh quyen che
dp cu.
Cupc tdng khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen
(8/194) thang lei cham ddt ach do hp cua de qudc
Phap gdn mot t r a m nam, sq thdng t r i hang nghin
nam cua phong kien. Nhan dan duec t u do, dat
nUdc duqc ddc lap, cham ddt cupc ddi no le. T d day
dudi sU lanh dao cua Dang nhan dan cac lang Sinh

Dupe, Xuan T r i , Le ThUpng lam chu cupc ddi minh,
budc vao thdi k y xay dung che dp xa hpi mdi.
Ngay 07/07/1947 chi bp Dang xa Hung Long
(td nam 1946- 1949 cac thon Sinh Dupe, Xuan
T r i , vung chp Le, Chi Phong - TrUdng Yen goi la
xa Hung Long) dupe thanh lap gdm 7 Dang vien:
1- Ong D i n h Quang T r i - b i t h u
2- Ong N g u y i n Van Toan
3- Ong N g u y l n Thanh Ddc
4- Ong N g u y i n Ngoc Lien
5- Ba Ngo T h i K i m Tuyen
6- Ong N g u y i n Tien H d
7- Ong N g u y i n Van Doan

145 •


Bai EXnh - Mot Vung Van Hoa
Ong Nguyen V a n Toan va ong N g u y l n Ngoc
Lien la hai anh em rudt, ba Ngo T h i K i m Tuyen
la con gai ong Ngo V a n Chuc va la ve ong
Nguyen Ngoc Lien.
Viec t h a n h lap chi bo xa Hung Long dap
ting nhiing yeu cau k h a n cap cua nhiem vu chinh
t r i , dam bao lanh dao trtfc tiep toan dien d dia
phuong, la moc son chdi l q i cua Dang bd, nhan
dan Gia Sinh, khang dinh budc phat t r i e n mdi
cua phong trao each mang.
Phong trao each mang cua Sinh Dude, Le
Thuqng, Xuan T r i la mdt qua t r i n h van ddng lien

tuc, chien dau kien cUdng. Net ndi bat cua qud
t r i n h each mang la phong trao phat ddng dupe
quan chung vung len dau t r a n h l a t dd bd may cai
t r i , gianh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan. La mdt
trong nhdng xa t h a n h lap U y ban nhan dan lam
thdi sdm nhat trong huyen. Ngay sau k h i edeh
mang t h a n h cdng, chinh quyen xa dUa bon cUdng
hao, bon tay sai cua Phap, N h a t ra xet xd trUdc
nhan dan. Gia Sinh la xa cd den v i luc luqng t u
ve chien dau, phong trao quan chung manh, tich
cUc tham gia k h d i nghia gianh chinh quyen huyen
Gia Vien va t i n h N i n h B i n h .
Su k i e n t h a n h lap chi bd Dang cdng sdn
ddng duong dau t i e n cua xa (thang 7 nam 1947)
la mot mdc lich sd quan trong trong cudc van
ddng each mangcua Dang bd va nhdn dan xa Gia
Sinh. Dd la sU ndi tiep each mang, the hien xa
sdm cd t d chdc co sd Dang.

•

146


Ngo Van Minh
Gianh dtfcfc nhiing thdng l a i do, trifdc het do
cd stf l a n h dao cua Dang, sU chi dao chat che cua
xtf uy Bac K y , trung t a m chien khu Quynh Luu,
cua T i n h uy N i n h Binh, huyen uy Gia V i i n .
Thang l a i dd thuoc ve chi bo, nhan dan xa Hung

Long trudc day, Dang bo va nhan dan xa Gia
Sinh sau nay cd long yeu nUdc ndng nan, sdn
sang xa t h a n ctfu nUdc, t r a n day y chi quyet
chien, quyet thang, mdt long, mdt da theo Dang,
bao ve Dang, bao ve can bd, hang hai xong len
phia trUdc giet giac, ctfu nUdc, ctfu nha.
Thang l q i dd bat nguon ttf ddi ngu can bd
Gia Sinh tuyet ddi trung thanh vdi Dang, tan
hieu v d i dan,cd nang luc, cd pham chat each
mang.cd y thtfc td chtfc, ky luat nghiem minh, cd
t i n h t h a n bat khuat, dung cam s i n sang chien
dau hy sinh v i l q i ich each mang, v i quyen l q i cua
nhan dan. Can bd, Dang vien Gia Sinh cd ldi
sdng gian di, k h i e m ton, t i n h nghia thuy chung
trong sang, san sang nhan khd khan ve m i n h . Dd
la sU gtfang mau t i e n phong cua can bd, Dang
vien luon la nhtfng t a m guang sang dan dat quan
chung noi theo. Ddng chi Ngd Chi Phu bi de qudc
t r a t a n deh chet van gid vtfng k h i t i e t ngtfdi cong
san. Ddng chi T r a n T d B i n h bi dich bat t r a tan
tu day, ra tu l a i tiep tuc hoat ddng gdp phan dan
dat phong trao each mang dia phuang. Nhieu
ddng chi, ddng ddi ndi tiep theo guong khdng chiu
khuat phuc trUdc sU t a n bao cua ke thu, khdng
nan long l u i budc trUdc sU khdng bd, t a n sat cua
giiic, sU khd khSn gian khd cua cudc khdng chien.

147