Vận dụng mô hình giáo dục stem trong dạy học vật lí theo định hướng phát triển năng lực của học sinh trung học phổ thông tại thừa thiên huế

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Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022),22(23],,18-24

ISSN: 2354-0753

uinu cIAo ogc srEM TRoNG DAyHec vAT Li
THEO DINH HTIoNG pUAr rnrrN NANG.LTI. C
Hec sINH TRLJNG Hec pHo ruoNc rar rut/a rutttrl trun

vAN DUNG uO

,

cuA
Qddr Nguy&r
LG

860

Neut&t-,

Thanh Huy2,

Nguy6n Holng Anhr,
l,6 Thi Thu Thuit,

Hulnh Thi Ltnht
Article history

Received: 12ll0l2D2
Accepted:.09/1112022
Published: 0511212022

KeyrYords
Competency, STEM
education, teaching Physics,
competency development

1.

Md

'Tnrong Dai hgc Su phqm - Dai hqc Hu6;
2Truong D4i hgc Su pham - Dai hqc Dn Ning:
JTruorg Dai hgc D6ng Thdp
+Tric gid fiAn hQ c Enail: qnbnguyen@)ueuni.edt.vn

ABSTRACT
The 20 I 8 Physics General Education Cuniculum involves rnany changes in
$ruchrc arld contrent comparcd to the curent program, padicularly in the

leamers' compelency and quality-bas€d educational apgoach. STEM
education is considered a suitable teaching model for competency-based
teaching. ln this study, on the hsis of theoretical and practical research, the
ar.rthors propose the process of applying the STEM educational model to
teaching Physics in the direction of competency development. Applying rhe
STEM education model to teaching Physics will be an effective solution to
promote students' engagernent rn the process of consfructing knowledge,
appllng knowledge into practice, thereby nuturing their Scientific beliefs.

tliu

M6 hinh giSo duc STEM bit cic md hinh d4y hgc gen liiin kiiin thuc voi viQc giai quySt cdc v6n tl€ thgc tiEn. Tren co so do, chuong trinh gido
dpc cua nhi6u nuoc ti€n ti6n trdn th6 girii nhu Hoa Kj,, Anh, Pluip,... tl6 danh m$r thoi luqng d6ng kii cho viQc t6
chuc clc hoat tl6ng giiio duc STEM trong mQt ho{c nhi€u m6n hqc vd duqc thUc hign song song voi chuong trinh
hgc Qp (Alan & Mar( 2016). Yeping Li th phdn tich. gin 800 bai hio khoa hoc tu ntrm 200G.2018 trong 36 tap chi
chuyen ngdnh nghiCn cuu vd gi6o duc STEM di: c6 th6 kil luan, gi6o dUc STEM li mQt xu huong vi ngay cang il6ng
vai trd quan trqng frong vi& td chric hoat ilQng day hgc d truong phd thdng, tl[c biQt tldi voi cic b6 m6n khoa hgc
tp nhien (Li et al., 2020). Shahali vd c6ng sg (2016) trong nghi€n criqr cua minh tl6 tlAnh gie nhirng aoh hucmg tich
qrc, hiQu qu.i cua viQc ph6t tri6n hrmg thti hgc tAp ctng nhu ngh6 nghrQp cua HS khi tluo. c tham gia hqc t6p voi m6
hinh girio dqc STEM. B6n canh c6c nghi6n crru tliu:h gi6 cao rinh huong cua vift 6p dung m6 hinh gino drp STEM
vio d4y hqc d6i voi HS, mqt s6 nghidn cuu tld chi ra rdng uic ki nnng, c6ah thfu td chtrc hoqt dQng, t6 chuc lop hgc
cua GV c[ng iLnh huong tl€n ch6t luqng viQc v{n dqng md hinh STEM vio d4y hOc (Miran, 2017).
Ti6p cin xu huong 9:6o {rc tr€n th6 gioi, tai ViCt Nam ctng tl6 c6 nhi6u c6ng trinh nghidn cuu v6 vi6c vAn
dung mo hinh grro dqc STEM viro d4y hgc. Nguy6n Vln Bi6n vd c6ng sy (2020) da xay dgng co so li thuy6t dd
vin dpng m6 hinh gi6o duc STEM vio d4y hqc cflng nhu dd xu6tc6c cdng cq ki6m tra,. tt:i,nh giri trong qud trinh
t6 chrlc. Nguy6n Thanh Nga (2017) de ti6n hinh xiy dgng mQt s6 cht <16 STEM c6 th€ thgc hiln trong chuong
trinh trung hgc. C6ng vnn s6 3089/BGDDT-GDTTH ngdy 141812020 ctaBQ GD-DT v6 viQc tri6n khai thuc hien
gi6o dpc STEM trong gi6o {rc trung hgc cfing tE cq th6 hoi mQt s6 vin tti trong vi€c tn€n khai m6 hinh gi6o duc
STEM trongd4y hqc (80 GD-DT, 2020). Chuong trinh giio dpc ph6 thdng 2018 tlugc xiy dgng theo tllnh huong
phrit triiin phdm ch6t va nang lgc cua ngyoi hgc, trong tl6 dA dinh huri,ng vd vi€c vdn dqng m6 hinh gi6o dgc STEM
vno day hoc (BQ GD-ET,2018). Mdt sd cdng trhh

gi6o dpc STEM vdo d4y hqc c6p THPT, trong tl6 tli xdy dpg theo quy trinh 5 bu6c.tlu. c 6p dgng.chung cho t6t
cd c6c mdn hqc (L6 Huy Hoing,2020). Diy li quy trinh chung vd c6n c6 nhtng tli6u chinh cu th6 cho pht hqp
voi dac thti cua tung mdn hgc.
D€ thUc hien muc tieu chung, chuong ninh m6n Vdt li tluo. c xiy dl.mg cho vie. phit tri€n olc phdm chit cht y€u vd
nEng lp chung. B6n canh tl6, chuong trinh m6n V{t li con tlruc hiQn vigc phrit tri6n.ndng lgc tlAc thir cu,a b6 m6n
ngnC lUc Vdt li. Chuoag trinh m6n Vdt lf lua cho. n pkit ai6n nh0ng vin tl6 c6t l6i thi6t thrc nhit, tl6ng thoi chri trgng

tl€n cric vdn tl€ mang tinh tmg dgng cao la co so cua nhi6u nganh td thuAt, khoa hqc vi c0ng nghQ @d GDEI 20 I 8).

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ISSN: 2354-0753

dvc(20221, 22123), 18-24

Vin aC ung dUng cric kiiin thrrc co bin vho vigc grai quy6t cric vin dd thtrc tiEn h mQr yCu ciu quan tro. ng trong qu.i
rinh day hAc Vai I Nhu viy, vigc tri6n khai md hinh giro di]c STEM trong dAy hAc n6i chung vA day hoc Vat li n6i
ri6ng Ii mQ t v6n if6 cnn quan tim nghi€n cuu vd rhg d$ng. Tuy nhi6n, thrrc trang hiCn nay.cho thdy, vi6c vdn dgng m6
hinh"STEM trong day hqc m6n V4ili cua nhi6u CV can iung iung" chra lim ihurg bin chlit cua girio duc STEM.
Bii b6o trinh bdy m6t sii ti tuan vA giao duc STEM, n€urhyc tr4ng vln dqng gi6o dlrc STEM trong dgy hqc Vlt
li r4i mor sii truong THPT tren tlia ban tinh Thtra Thi6n Hui vi tl€ xuit quy trinh cfing nhu biQn phrip v6n dqng m6
hinh girio dpc STEM veo d4y hac Vat ti theo dinh huong boi du0ng nnng lyc cua HS.
2. K6t qui nghien c[ru
2.1. Gitio dyc STEM tong Chtmng tinh girio tlgc phd thbng mbn VQt li 2018
Cnucmj trintr giao auc pnO thOng ZOf8luong diln viQc day hoc theo i[nh huong ptr6t tri€n phdm chir vd nalg
lW cua nguoi hqc. Dd thW hiqn mUc ti6u tren, chuong trinh cria tung m6n hQc ben canh viec boi dudng phim ch6l
phrit tridn n6ng lgc chung di.dugc quy dinh trong chuong trinh thi cdn phdi g6p ph,in hinh thinh. vi ph6t.tn€n nlng
iuc tlec thir cua mdn hqc. tt6i vrii m6n Vat li, chuong tinh c6 sq thay d6i 16 €J, tich hoD d giai doan gi6o dgc co
bdn, phin hoa o THPT. Chuong trinh m6n vit l( giripHs tl4t Chuong trinh girio duc phd th6ng tdng th6, il6ng thoi phet triiin ning lgc tllc tht cua h m6n.

V, .iu Jc n-g trrc tluqc xdc dinh cnne nhu c6c ydu ciu cin d4t th€ hi€n trong chuong trinh. co rhd nhnn- thAy.
b€n canh nQi dung kiiin thirc girip HS tiQm cin voi c6c noi dung ki6n thtc co hin vd hi6n tlai. Thi€t k0 chuong trinh
cht trqng vdo bdn chit. ! ngiia Vat li cua cric diti nrqng. dd cao tinh rhu. c ti6n; trdnh khuynh huong thi€n vd toan
hOc; taoti6u ki€n d6 CV giup US ptrat tridn tu duy khoa hqc duoi goc ild vdt li. khoi gE sg ham thich o HS. ting
cuong khd nang v{n dung m.thuc vdo thp ti6n. Trong dinh huonle v6 trinir muc vi.phuong phdp td chuc day hqc da
xric dJnh: Chuong trinh c6 c6u tnic nQi dung cing nhu y6u ciu cin dat v6 co b,in li gl6ng nhau cho tit cd cdc vung.
midn. Tuy viy, trong qu.l trinh thtrc hiQn nhtng K n6ng co bin trong tim t6i. khrim ph.i tl6i tuong val li. GV c6 the
cht tl0ngt6 chric cho HS ho4t clQng trai nghiQm vi thgc hinh.mQt s6 nQi dung.manS sec thai ncnS cua dia phuong
minh ie-o CO-O1, Z0l 8). Diy h cen ct quan trqng dd cV fi6n khai c6a cht tld STEM trong day hoc Vdt li.

rri Ciai quy6t vin tli. nang lgc dnc thi bao hdm thinh rii tim hi6u
rhrrc ki ndng tE hqc. CAc thanh td nang luc. nty huong tl€n viEc
gioi
goc
Vin
kii:n
dUne
tlg vir lil
rh6
tu nhi6n duoi

Voi qiu truc niLng lgc chung bao ham thanh

qu.i trinh $di quy6t vin dA cli, ftg ftgn go so xay dung. thgc hiQn c6c hoqt tlQng mang tinh chat thiCt k€, ch6 tao tl€
ttao oit. igLtin-.,ru li thuy6r moi cfing nhu vin dun[li thuy6t vno girii quyilt cic v6n dd rtrrc tiEn. Ddy li c6c nQi
dung chinh y6u cua m6 hinh g16o dUc STEM. B6n canh do. voi cdc ydu cdu cin dat duoc x6c dinh trong chuong
Einh', hinh thric t6 chrrc day hqc do GV hoan toirn quyiit tlinh. trCn co so t6i da c6c hoat d0ng tu chi€m linh ki6n thtc
cga nguoi hgc. Do tl6. voi nQi dung ki6n thrrc mang tlqc thir cua khoa hqc thgc nghiQm, cric ki6n thtrc tluo. c xAy {rng
troal aong mang dnl ctdt thgc hnnh. thi nghiQm. DAy ld c6c didu kiQn thu{n lgi cho
vi ki;m chung thdng q*

"i.
vi€c tri,ln khai m6 hinh gi6o dgc STEM vio d4y hqc.
M6 hinh girio dqc STEM chri trong vdo vifc vdn dung c6c kien thrrc. ki nang HS duo,'c ti€p cin tl€ gldi quy€t c6c
vin di, c6c ung dr,rng trong thuc tiEn. Trong chuong trinh mdn Vit li. cic.ki€n thtrc d6u gdn li€n voi c6c tmg dung
vd c6c vAn de trong thUc tiEn tloi s5ng. BCn canh nhg mpch nQi dung, tl€ tang cuong tinh thuc tien va ung dUng.
chuong trinh m6n Vdt li con dugc xdy dgng 9 chuy€n d6 hqc 6p cho ba kh6i lop 10, I I vir 12. Vigc trien khai cic
chuy6n'ae hqc t6p auqc th*c hiQnchu.y6u iheo mo hinh grrio dUc STEM ki5r hoo voi phuong phrip d4y hOc dU iLn,
phuong ph6p d4y hqc giai quydt v6n il6.
Xnu vay, cOitrii th6y, tu mat van ban ph6p quy trong viec huong din thrrc hiQn chlong trinh, c6u trtc cta cic
Oat, nOi d*g ki6n thirc mdn hOc, c6c chuy6n
nang lqc cin 66i audngtrong qu.i trinh day trgc v6t li, cac yeu ci,
"i"
6€ hOc t6p cho d6n hinh thtrc t6 chric day hqc thi viec tri€n khai md hinh gi6o dqc STEM trong day hoc bg m6n Vit

-

li ld hoan toin phir hqp, co tinh kl6 thi.
nirt vQn dAng mb hinh gida dyc STEM

2.2. Quy
hgc sinh

lio

dgy hpc VS E theo

firt

hning bii d,r ng ndng tW ciia

D4y hqc theo huong ph6t tri6n nnng lrrc ld m6 hinh day hqc huong toi muc ti6u phAt trien pham chat ve neng luc
cua nguoi hgc th6ng qua cich thtrc t6 chtrc crlLc ho4 dong hpc t4pdqc- lip, tich cuc. sing l4o cua HS duoi su t6 chuc,
truoni dan ve hO trq hqp li cua GV. Trong m6 hinh nay, HS cO thii thd tfgn sU tiiin bQ bing cri.ch chtmg minh ning
trrc cta minh. Di6u d6 c6 nghia ld HS pluii cht?ng minh mtic tlQ nim vtng vd lim chir c.ria ki6n thfc vi ld ning (tlugc
gqi la nnng hrc); huy tlQng t6ng hqp mgi ngudn luc (kinh nghigm, ki6n thtrc, kr- ning, hrimg^ thir, nGm trn f chi,...)
trong mot mdn hqc hay b6i canh nhAr dinh, theo t& dg cua ri6ng minh. Theo 86 GIDT (2019), dO tO chtrc day hqc

l9


VJE

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022],. 22123), 18-24

ISSN: 2354-0753

STEM. CV_nen m6n
AOng
voi 5 hoat tlQng co bdn nhu sau: HDI:Ti6u chi dqng cr./thiiit bi... cin
_ttr.ai loar
Qv.hoc
chd tao;.IlD2: Hqc ki6n thrrc moi +
xuar
cic girii pkip/Bri.,n thiiit k6l tE3: Trinh bdy/hio vfl\ra chqn gidi
PE
ph6flthiilt kii; HBI: Cho. n dung cu Ch6 t4o vn thri nghiQm; AD5: Trinh biy s.iLn phiim + Dinh cie.
Tir 5 hoat tlQng co hin tren, c6 thi! th6y, vifu th1rc hi$n cric hoat tlQng cu thii chi y6u huong d6n viQc t6 chrrc vn
th1rc hiQn c.ic ho4t tlQng danh cho HS. cic hoat clQng chri trqng vio viQc HS xla nhan nhiQm v'J, lidn h€ thp ti6n,
vin dung ki6n thttc, kinh nghiQm ifi c6 nham x6y dgng vi thp hiQn phuorg dm va curii cung la ti6n hinh b6o crio vi
danh gie kil qua thuc hi6n. Tuy nhi6n, khi ti6n Linh day hgc theo tllnh huing phet tri6, ,i,g trr", u,i, ae oir toi u

sau qu.l trinh d4y hgc, muc li6u ve phit tri6n ning lgc cua HS s€ duqc rhgc hi6n. C6c hoat phdi huong tl6n vi€c rdn luy6n vi ph6t ni6n alc hinh vi ucmg ung d6i vsi tung nnng luc duoc xec
bp trong mpc ti6u
day hqc. B6n canh d6, qui tinh day hQc kh6ng chi Id qrui trinh thuc hi6n crc nhigm w tren lop hqc. D€ to chrrc m6r
bii hoc thanh cdng, drim brio thrc hifn tliy dt cric muc ti6u d4y hgc, GV cin c6 mQt quri trinh chuin bi c6ng phu nr
aung ki6n thtrc dii &lc dinh qec chti tl€ c6 th6 thuc hign, xic ttinh ning luc hi€n tai cua d6i nrqng
yc a!*
HS dd nr do xdc dinh ning lgc cing nhu mtc dQ cin ren luyfq #c dinh cic dirlu hQn vE co so v4t ihit dd xia dinh
aic muc tlq dap ung. Tren co so 3 y6u t5 tr€n, GV quy6t dinh hinh thuc tri chuc d4y hqc phn hqp.
co thd x,aa dinh.m0r s6 tri*r rruirc ta ctuc van dung md hinh Itriro duc STEM vao da. y hqc nhu: - pl6n tich du mc
nQi dung, y6u cAu cin tlat tl6 xic lap c.ia h&r thuc co m6i li6n h€ c6 th6 xiy dung thanh mot cffi da STEM lorL mot baj
hqc STEM hoan chinh; - T6 chfu hoql dOng nghidn crm khoa hoc, K thuit, xAy dyng cic nhiQm vU hqc qp mang tinh
chit ttri6t toic ciu lac b6 STEN4 ngay hdi STEM hay c6a cuac rhj vi STEM. Dting thoi, cing m tb6 ldng ghdp qic cht d6 STEM
Ie?
:!d sTrC ta. o,hqdc caic b.rpi tham-quan cua HS: - Tdchrrc cho HS.v4n dung ki6n thrc duarc hac trong
linh utrc STEM nhem grdi. quy€t cic v6n d€ thp ti6n uong doi ning hing ngiy; - T6 chLrc cho HS xiy dyng gd thuyiii
phong doin hifn nrgng. d6 xuit phuong 6n rhi nghrfm, thrc hign phuong rin de ki6m n-a gld thuyilt.
o6i ctriiiu riiin trinh day hqc vi quy tdnh thiilt kii ti ttru4 trong
duc srEra va quy trinh x,ty dung bni hoc
STEM. Quy trinh v6n dqng m6 hinh gi6o duc STEM vio day hoc Vat I theo dinh huorg boi duOmg neng luc tluqc
xdy dyng theo 3 giai tloan, cu th6 nhu sau:

llf

{i

ilrlgg::

gt

-.Giai tbqn 1: Chudn bi cht da. Buoc l: Phin tich nQi dung ki6n thuc; Buoc 2: Xric tlnh oic vin dC cen giai
quyCt vd c6c neng luc cdn hinh thanh, b6i dudng cho HS; Buoc 3: ftr kiiin ctl.Lc chn tl€ c6 th6 thgc hi€n; Bulc 4: ptran
tich tinh khd thi cua chu ddl Buoc 5: XiLc dinh cht dd.
- Giai tloan 2:'Ihi6t kii vi th1rc hiQn cht dc. Burjrc o: Xric rlinh nQi dung, phuong ptlip, phuorg tiQn t6 chrrc vd
tr€u chi drinh girl: Buoc 7: Thi6t k6 ti6n rinh thp hign cht d6 (Ho4t dQng t : ;iac arnlr'vin'aA; Hoaffig 2: Nghi6n
ciu h€n thuc n€n vi dd xurit gdi pluip; Hoat d6ng 3: LUa chqn gidi ph,ip: Hoat dqng 4: Chai t?o miu tht nghifh vd
ddnh grd: Hoat dqng 5: Chia se. thio h:^in): Buoc 8: T6 chtrc hoar - Giai doan 3: Dttnh gi6. Buoc 9: Drinh gi6; Buoc l0: Kiit lu6n va diiu chinh (niiu c6).
Quy trinh gdm 3 giai tloan, tluoc m6 t,i nhu so dd l.
23. VQn drytg quy t inh vdo tlgy hqc vn thytt nghQm nQt si chn ifr
chung tdi rinh bny vi du ve day hac nQi dung "Biiin d4ng cua vat ifu" ryer li I0) tl6 minh hoa cho viQc vdn dpng
quy trinh tli xiy dung vio day hoc mQt chri d€ cu th6.
Giai ibqn 1: Chuin bi chn di
Bnttc
I : Phtin tich nQi dung kidn thk. NQi dung kii5n thtc phin "Bi6n dang cua v6t r,in" trintr bay v6 uic loai
.
bi€n dang nhu ndn, k6o, dnc tinh cua ld xo vri tlinh lu6t Hooke. D6y li c:ic ki6n thuc tlon giin c6 nhiiu ung dqng
trong thuc tiEn nr cric hi6n tuqng tlon giriLn su ki6n dang cu? ld xo cho diln uic qrul trinh phrirc tgp hon nhu &u'tai
khung xe. sric b6n vdt lifu... . Tuy nhien. HS cht yiiu hqc vd li thuy€t. chua th:iy duqc mdi tien hi voi thgc tiEn. Do
tl6. di g5n k€t giira li thuy6t vir thuc ti€n c6 rh€ to chrrc c6c chu de STEM vdo d4y hgc.
Buvc.2: Xac dinh cac vdt tli cdn gioi Etyir va cac ndng lq qdn hinh thinh, bdi duang cho HS. Voi cic cht tli
STEM vd noi dung "Bi6n dang cua vii iin ', ,6n Ad can gaiquyilt ld vin dung duqc kitin th'ric vd c6c toai biiln dang,
ki6n thrrc dinh luat Hooke de xay dung.nguy6n li hoat dgng cua thitit b!; chi r4o tluqc vin phim theo y6u ciu cua
GV. Hi6u tluo. c mdi [en he gita li thuyet vi thgc ti6n.
V6. mdtn6ng lgc cua HS, vi& thuc hi€n cht ''
tim hi6u thii gioi tu nhi6n duoi goc tlQ vdt li vi nnng lW vAn dung kiiin thrrc kj nang rh hqc.
Buoc 3; Dv kiin cac chi iti co the thrc hr'."n. Tr€n co so phin tich d buoc I vi budc 2. ciic ch0 d6 co thd thuc
hiQn trong ndi dung ndy ld: Cdn cin tay; M6y bay hoal tlQng nhd ddy thun; Mriy bin tl6; X6y d\mg siu vuqt.

20


VJE

T?p chi Gi6o duc (2022),22123), 18-24

ISSN: 2354-0753

Du kiiin chri tl6
PhAn

tich

nQi dqng, ki€n

dd cin giii quy6t,
ndng lgc cAn hinh thdnh

Xic tlinh v6n

thfc
PhAn tich tinh khri

X6c tllnh cht ttd

Gidi doqn 7

X6c dlnh phucng ph6p, phuong tign t6 chric, ti6u chi tl6nh giri

tniilt tii
Nghi€n ctu
thuc ti6n,

Nghi6n ctu
ki€n thric

phrit hiQn v6n

nAn, ttA

t;i!n trintr

Trinh biy

vi

--|

brio vQ
phuong 6n

x*it

gidi phnp

.16

t

Ch6 tao, thri

--+

nghiQm

T:inh biy
srin

phim

T6 chuc ho4t tl$ng

Gioidoqn 2

D6nh gi6

Ki.lr luan, dieu chinh

Giai doan 3
So tl,3

t.

Quy trinh uin dung n6 hinh giao duc STEM vdo day hpc

hjt ti

theo

finh htong b6i dtrtng nang l4c

Bunc 4 : Phdn tich tinh khd thi cia chi il,i. Voi c"ic chri ild c6 th6 ttruc triQn, tlop l0 Truong THPT DIng Huy Tru vi THPT An Luorg D6ng thufo tlia ban tinh Thua Thi6n Hu6. krit quri hqc 4p
vn k6t qua d6nh gi6 ndng lp tliu vio cua HS o mrrc dQ ktr.l, kn6 ning vi thao tic thitit k6 ch6 tao chua hoin thigr1
do tl6, cric cht dd ddi hdi vi& tinh toAn vd thi6t k6 phtc tqp nhu "Xdy dpng ciu wqt" h kh6ng dam hio thw hi€-n
*Can
thdnh cdng. Chir da
cam tay''c6 li6n h9 gin voi n$i dmg bii hqc d[c tinh cua ld xo n6n kh6 g6y ttuqc htng
thri d HS. Voi chtl.dA "MAy hin &i", vi* thiilt k6 tuong daii don girim, drdrn b6o su thanh c6ng cua nguoi hqc, khdng
gian t6 chric c6 th€ o b€n ngoii ki'p hoc, ngoai nQi dung chinh khoi n€n khdng gdy rip luc hqc 6p l6n HS. V6i mp
ti6u xic c6 th6 kich thich tluqc tinh tich cuc vd hung thri hoqt dQng cua HS.
Buoc 5: Xac dtnh ch) dA.

Tt

phan tich tinh kha thi o buoc 4,

xac ttinh o buoc 2. Chu dd dugc lra chen

tliii chi6u voi

li : "M:iy b6n da" voi ning lyc dugc

cric nnng luc c6 th,3 b6i duong ttuqc

xrlc dinh

sC

b6i duOng cho HS

li

n6ng

(Nang luc gini quy6t vin dd ttuqc x6c dinh bao gdm 4 thinh til: l. f im hiiiu vin dA; 2. Trinh
bey, ph6t bi6u vAn dd; 3 D€ xriit vd thuc hiQn giai pklp; 4. ilinh gi6 vd di6u chinh giei pkip. M6i thnnh rii duqc xic
ilinh boi cric hanh vi tuong img: l.l. Tim hidu tinh hu6ng Vin ad; 1.2. X6c dinh v'indA;2.1. Trinh bay v6n di:; 3.1.
oe xuit gia pnap; 3.2. Thuc hiQn giai phip; 4.I . Dri.nh gi6 giai phip; 4.2. DiBu chinh girii ph6p). Trong tl6, voi di5i
trrqng HS cu thii da tluo,'c xric tllnh d Budrc 4, cric hdnh vi tlugc lua chqn dA rdn luyQn, quan s6t vA dinh gi6 l6n luqt
ld: ( 1.1 . Tim hiiiu tinh huiing vAn dd; 1.2. X6c tlinh v6n ttA; 2.2. Ph6t biiiu v6n Ad; :. t . Oe xu6r giai ph,ip; 4. 1 . Drlnh
gi6 gini phap).

hc giei quyrit vin

dA.

Giai iftign 2: Thi&

hi

KA thuc grai doqn

1,

vd than hiQn chn

GV tiiin hdnh thiiit

di
ki5 vd tr5

chtc thgc

2t

hiQn

cht dd voi cric bufc nhu

sau:


VJE

Tap chi Gido duc (2022),22(23), 't8-24

ISSN: 2354-0753

Buoc 6: Xic dinh nii dung, phmng pkip, phuung fien fi clnix vi ri4u chl dinh gid
Dii thgc hiQn chu di -Miy bin d6i'. ben c?nh crlc kilin thric vi biiin dang cua v6t rin HS cin 6n tap. chuin bi vA
cAc ki6n th{rc:

Tol,n hqc: Qu! dao chuy6n tlQng cua vit: ttuong parabol. li€n quan tl6n il6 th! cua hnm s6 bac hai.
Khoa hqc: D0ng ltrc hqc chAt diCm.
+ Luc: T6ng hgp vir phin tich lgc: Pll.en tich duqrc lw t[i,n h6i cua ildn b6y.
+ Dinh lurat m Newton: Luc vi phAn ltrc

+ Chuydn ddng cua vit b! n6m: Qui dao cua vat bi ndm xien, tam bay cao vi tam bay xa.
Ki thudt: Quy trinh thiA ke ki thuiit - Ban ve ki thua1.
Phuong ph6p d4y hqc cht tlao nh6m (Du ki6n ph.in chia lopthinh.cia nh6m c6 s6 HS tsrng binh hong nh6m li 5 H9nh6m).
Phuorg ti€n, co so vat chat, thi€t bi cen chuin bi: Phi€u hoc t6. p; San truong ho& phdng hoc c6 di6n tich rdng;
20 chi6c d.iy chun; I chiec nip chai, I I chi€c que dai .tG45cm Goec dta $e) I vien bi.
Kiiim tra, ttrffi gia: Ean| Eui, th6ng qua rubric ttrinh gi6 neng lgc $ei quy.et vin d6.vd,i cric hanh vi tluqc xAa dinh
(1.1. Tim hi€u tinh hu6ng vin tl€; 1.2. Xic tlinh vin tl6; 2.2. PhrLt bi6u vin tl6; 3.1. D€ xu0t giai phip; 4.1. Drffi gin
gia phep); DAmhei6.rh6:rg qua siur phim; Dimh gin d6ng d'ing; Tu di,nh gi6.
Btitc 7: Thiir ki tidn trinh thrc hi€n chi dA
Hoqt tlong t: Xac dinn viin
1t S pnig
a Muc ti6u "I'a hoat tlQng: HS xric tlinh tluqc nhiQm qr thp hiQn ch6 tao rn iy ben dri; Xric tlinh tlup nguy6n li hoat
tlQng cua mly bdn

b. Dp ki6n sin phim: Ban bao c.io c.l nh,an vrir nh6m vi. nguy6n li ho4t ttQng cua mdy bin tti.
c. Cich thtic t6 chric hoat tlQng: GV gioi thipu v0 chri tl6 "Mriy bdn iLi", y€u ciu HS tim hi€u nguyen li hoat tl6ng
cua "May bin d.i ' th6ng qua tii liQu huong din cua GV, qua clip minh ho4. HS nghi€n ctru. ghi san phirn c6 nhan
viro vo, thio luan nh6m d€ th6ng-nhit hirn bio qio nh6m. Eai difn cic nh6m trinh bay ban b,io.cio. Trao d6i thio
lui-n gita uic nh6m. GV hucmg din, tli6u chinh vi th6ng nhit vd nguy€n li ho4t tlQng cua rnly bdn tl6.
Hoat dQng 2 : NghiAn dry ktin tki,t nin vi tle fliit SiAi ptuip (20 phig
.
, a. Mgc tlich cua hoat dQng: HS xAa dinh tlugc ulc ki6n thtc li6n quan; D€ xuAt clugc mQt s6 y hrc,ng thi6t kC rniy
bin tll; X6c ilinh tluqc vat lifi can thiCt cho timg j tuong.
b. Du ki6n siur phim: Phi6u h9c tlp trinh hiy vd ob ki6n thrrc li6n quan; Bdn cic ! nrong vi ch6 tao m6y bin &1.
Phi€u hgc trip nay. do GV thi6t ke mQt s6 bai toin li6n quan tl6n c6c ki6n thric tfi hgc
. c. Crich thtc t6 chrrc hoat dQng: GV y€u cAu HS xic dinh c"lc ki€n thfa li6n quan il6n cht d€ vi xny dgng f hrong
v€ thi€t k€ m:iy ben d.i dga nen nguy€n li ho4t d$ng da clugc th6ng nhet d hoat dQng l. C6c nh6m HS nQp sin phim
hio c.io, dai di€n 0l nh6m ninh bay v€ h6n thuc li6n quan cic nh6m thao luin g6p j. GVrh6ng,nhit cric ki6n thrrc
li0n quan. Dai diQn cria nh6m trinh My clc f tuong thii:t ki: rxiy #n di vd nguy6n liQrl thiiit bi cin ch*in bi.
Host ilQng 3: Lru chpn gidi pluip (10 phil)

. a. Mqc dich cua hoet d6ng: L\ra chen rluqc phuong fur thitit lii nuly tiin ai va vE duqc hin thiiit ki: so bq v,: nuiy

*

bin

tli

theo phuong :in duo. c lpa chgn.

b. Du ki€n san phnm: BriLn v€ thi6t k6 so bQ rniy

bin


c. Crich thtrc 16 chtrc hoat dQng: T€n co so f tuong thiiit kii vd nuiy tdn al auqc c'ic nh6m trinh bay. oic nh6m
ph6n tich, &inh gi6 vn xric tljnh hiur thiiit kii khi thi nhit. GV huong dan, dinh huong cho ho4 ttQng.cua HS (Vift
tlinh huong cua GV tip tnrng vio cic phucng rin phtr hgp voi c5c dung cu vd thi6t b! & 4r ki€n chuan bi, dam hio
viQc th6ng nhit gita cria nh6m v6 di6u kiQn co w @t chdt ban tliu. Vifo ndy s€ t+o tli6u hqn thudn lqi cho GV trong
hoAl dflng kiem ra d6nh giri v€ sau).
Hoqr tl1ng 4: ChA Qo ,ruiu, thir nghiQn vd i inh gt6; (HS fien hanh tht4c hiQn theo nh6m ngodi gid hqc cho ilin

.

fiA hac fiAp heo)

d'i thu nghi0m vn tu dlnh gie.
b. Du kien gin phim: Ban thi6t k6 chi fi6t vd si.Ln phim nr.iy bin ai, San nhat ki ho?t dQng nh6m theo phi6u hqc
t6p cua GV chuAn. bi.

c. Crich thric td chtic. hoat dQng: GV ydu ciu HS lim viQc theo nh6m b€n ngoai gid hpc, ti6n hanh thi6t k€ chi tiCt
vi thgc hiQn bin thiiit kii voi cic y€u ciu bin xa vi bin chinh xrlc. Qu.i trinh ttidu chinh thi6t ki! vd hoat ttQng ch6 tao
a. Muc tlich cua hoat tl0ng: HS chi! tao duqc nray hin

ttuqc HS tu luc ghi chdp vio phi6u hqc tap duqc GV chuAn bi cho m6i nh6m.
22


ISSN: 2354-0753

T?p chi Gi6o duc (2022),,22(23),18-24

Hoat ilgng 5: Chia si, thio ludn (45 phit, hpc tfo tqi srin tning hoqc phdng hqc c6 di1n tich rand
a. Mgc dfch cua ho4t phim: Sin phim nr.iy hh dd de duqc di6u chinh. hoan thien, hoet tl0ng b6o c6o vd Mo v0 sin
.b. Du ki6n snn

phrim ruor t{p th€.
c. Crlch thrrc t6 chtrc ho4t tlQng: Cic nh6m tsinh bay sin phnm hoan thiQn d nhi truoc tip th6, giii thich vi trao
vC nhfng thay daii, dieu chinh tl6 det tluor mgc ti6u bin xa vir chinh xic do GV y6u ciu tu ho4t tl6ng 4. Cic nh6m
ti6, nani aanf, gia rin phAm cua c6c nh6m, GV ddmh gi6 sin ptr-im cua rit oi c6c nh6m thdng qua toan bq 5 ho?t
dQng tluqc t6 chric.
Buot 8: T6 chric hoqt dQng. Voi hin kii ho4t tluo. c xiy dqng d budc 7 voi 5 hoat tl$ng co bdLn tlugc ai6n khai t6
chric d4y hgc cho HS khiii l0 Truong THPT Dfng Huy Tru vd THPT An Luong Ddng thuQc tlia bdn tinh Thua
Thi6n Hu6.

Giai ilogn 3: Ddnh gU
Btttc 9: Nnh gia. Hoat tlQng tlfu:h gi6 ttugc thuc hign theo 2 phuong diQq trong <16 ttriLnh girl ho4t clQng vi sin
phim cua HS duqc ti6n hiurh li6n tuc trong tit qi cic hoat rong cric ho4t tl6ng I -5 tfi cho th6y didu niy. Phuong dien rhu t h GV dinh gi6 tdng th6 vi toan b6 qul trinh chuin

ho4t it6ng d4y hec dugc td chric cho nguoi hgc, tfdnh gi6 vd c6ng tiic chu6n bl. dturh grn v6 viec
Itra chan cht dri, &inh gi6 vi: viQc ltr-a cho. n ra triiin khai c.lc hinh thrrc, hoqt dQng d4y hgc vi c6ng tic hd trq cho HS.
Brrtc l0: Kit lwin vd rliiu chinh. T€n co so nhimg drimh gie dugrc thgc hien d buoc 9, GV tlua ra k€t lu4n cu6i
cung v6 ti6n trinh day hgc vd cdng tic chuin Ui cnng nhu tri&r khai da thqc hiQn, rut ra oic bai hqc hnh nghiQm vi

bi

vi

tridn khai

c6C

tliriu chinh hoan thiQn ban kri hoach tluqc xiy dUng.
K6t qui thUc nghi€m su pham thr.oc ilhh gi6 th6ng qua 3 giai tloan tnroc, gita vi sau qu.i Einh uic tlQng. Sau
t6 chrrc, ket qu.i thqc ngliem cho thiy:
mot
' loat c.ic chri d€ duoc
- V6 mAt dintr rlnh: ilS trung ttru trong cric gdlqc duqc t6 chric theo quy trinh tl6 xdy du-ng khi th6y tlugc i nghia
cua kiiin rhtrc tlugc hqc va m6i liCn hC tlW tien. HS (E tich cuc hon trong viec thrrc hiQn oic nhiQm vU hAc 6p, c6
tl1rc trong vift vin agng tOng hqp kii5n thrrc n: nhirlu ndi dung ra nhidu m6n hoc kh6c nhau trong viQc gini quy6t
nhiQm vu hac rap vd li€n hQ voi thrrc d6q hanh vi vd crlc thao t6c thu. c hi-6n nhiem vu tluqc thgc hiQn ngdy cang
ntruin nhuy6n.
- va mit aiilr tuqng: hong qu6 trinh thu thra. p s6 liQu nh6m.nghi€n cuu su dung phuong ph6p nghien ctru tnrdng
hgp. Tr€n l@ thgc nghigm lUa chqn ngiu nhi6n 2 nhom d€ tien hi,nh quan sit cic bi6u hiQn hinh vi cua HS trong
qul rinh thuc hien cnc ho4t dQng. ViQc tl6nh giri ctrit lugng th1rc hiQn aic hanh_vi dga tr6n rubric tluoc xdy dpg cho
+ rn.rc aO chiit luqngtu thiip diin cao vd dugc g.6n tli6m. nr I tliin
timg hnnh vi, trong tl6 .6i hanh or auq"
"hia-*ra*r
4. Cic hinh vi khi xnc dinh b6i duOng cho HS tluop thUc hien li6n tUc th6ng qua tAt cd oic cht d€ thUc hiQn trong

i

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VJE

Tap chi Gieo duc (2022\,22i.23],,18-24

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ISSN: 2354-0753

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Dy hqc theo dinh huong pluit tritin nnng ltrc li quan cti6m ld,n tluqc rh6 hidn trong Chuong rinh giA,o drrc ph6 th6ng

2018. Vigc t6chtrc d4y hqc
li kh6ng nhtng $up HS hiDh thimh th6 groi quan khoa hgc rni con g6p ptrin vio
',rec
hoan thiQn ph.lm clLit, ning luc chung cing nhu nrng lgc chuy€n biQt cua
m6n. voi quy ri"h da *ay;ung, chung rdi

V!

g

hi vong vigc vrin dung nr6 hinh gi6,o duc STEM vlo d4y hqc V{t li sC h mQt
$di p}r,ip hi€u qtui vua g1p HS co didu kiQn
*nm ga vao qui uinh riy dmg kien thrrc, vrin dqng ki6n hrrc vio thuc d6n-tu do gey dtmi arq" niern fi, kh* t A. a6i
voi HS. Qua qu.l trinh thqc hign qic nhi€m vu trong hii hgc STEM md nnng J1rc cua HS ilunc ren luyQn vi phrit tri€n

Trong khudn khd bai hio, cic k6t qurl nghien ctru chua thd mi6u ra aup h6t rit ca cic khia canh cua vigc vgn {rng md
hinh girio duc STEM vio day hgc theo dinh huorg ptr.it tri€n nlng lp. chua tli siu nghidn cuu de xriy dung diy rlu cic
chit d6 STEM cho chuong trinh Vdt If 2018. Diy c[ng chinh ld cic hucmg ng]uen crru ti6p rheo cta nhom ric gui.

Lli cim on: ,lVTzim tdc gin&n on sv rni W ds qui KHCN *i W
yA

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eng lw

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Hu! qu A At 'y&, 4org no tirh sib dvc
ArtrEnhg lw", tfrsii: DHH202t43-t 5t.

Tiri liQu tham khio
Alan, W., & Madq H . (2016). Phong plub gitu dyc theo illnh lruongSi"EM Tai liQu rdp huin grrio vi6n, BQ GIDT.
Bo GD'DT (2018). chffing rinh gtuio duc pho th6ng - Chrmng trinh t6ng rle (ban hanh kdm theo Thdng hr s6
32120

&ryT-BGDDT ngny

26/ 1212018 cta BQ truong BQ GD-DT).
rAi ileu tdp hudn dqy hoc m6n Khoa hoc d ntmng trung hec theo ifinh huvng STEM
90
B0 GD-ET (2020). C6ng vdn sd 3089 ngqv 14/8/2020 vi viic tri€n khai thttx hign gido d4c STEM Tong giao duc
trung hot.
Josh B. (2012). The Curent Status of STEM Education ResearclL JournalofSTEM Education, /J(5),7-l l.
Li, Y., Wang K, Xao, Y., & Froyd, J. E. (2020). Res€arch and uends in STEM edrcation: A s)sternaric review ofjoumal
l), l-16. http6//doi.org/10.1 l8#s40594-020{0207-6
Wblicatim$.Internatio,tal Journal of STEM Edrcana
t-C tfyl U.9ame (Z!20\. Nghi1n ciru n6 hinh gido duc STEM trong gino 4uc pt:ij th6ng Viet Nom i ip trng yeu cdu
d6i moi cdn ban vd todn dien giao duc va dio tao theo tinh thin Nghi qu.vet 29-Nerrw. Da Lii Khoa hqc c6ng
I

9+?I

(?0tq

(l

ngh€

cip

BQ, ma s6:

KHGD/I620.DT.039.

Shahali, E. H. M., Halim, L., Rasul, M. S., Osman, K., & Zulkifeli, M. A. (2016). STEM leaming rhrough engineenng
design: Impact on middle secondary students' interest towards STEM. EURASIA Journal of lt4athematics,
Science and Technologt

Education,lJ(5), ll89-l2l l.

Miran, S. (2017). Teaching Integrated Stem In Korea: Structurc of Teacher Competence. Science and Technolog,Educarion, 2(4), 6l -12.
Nguy6n Thanh Nga (cht bi6n, 2017). Thiit ki vd tij chth chi d€ g io foc STEM cho hpc sinh trung hgc cg s6 vd
tntng hpc phd th6ng. NXB Dai hgc Su ptr4m ],-hanh ph6 Hd Chi Minh.
NguyEn Vnn Bi€n, Nguy6n
Vin Anh, D[ng Ven Son, Nguy6n Thi T6 Khuy€n 12020). Xdy d\mg c6ng cu d6nh
gi6 nlng lyc s6ng rao thiiir kii ki thuet Eong grio duc STEM. Tqp chi K]toi n*, f"nmg bai
tu;hqm HA

ftj

NAi, 65(t\,151-t62.

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