đánh giá hiệu quả các loại hình sử dụng đất sản xuất nông nghiệp trên địa bàn huyện can lộc tỉnh hà tĩnh

MỤC LỤC
MỞ ĐẦU 1



 
Chương 1 3
TỔNG QUAN NGHIÊN CỨU 3
!"#$%$&'"()*'++"()*,-
.'/,01
!"#$%$&'"()*
++"()*,-.'/,012
3,4'5'6-7"()*,8
9: 4,4"()*,8
06;#<4=>.',"()*,8
?',4',4"()
@1"()5'6A
3$7B+"()C7=DEFG8
06H';7,4"()-.'/,01I
06H-.I
06H-7=.
Chương 2 25
ĐỐI TƯỢNG, PHẠM VI, NỘI DUNG VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 25
3#=JHA
KB1'HA
0!)HA
3-LHM,:LMNOP!<,A
3-LOQ$7B+"()<,A
3,4$7B+"()A
RQ< "()$7B+"()STUVW-'XA
A3O1!"#4"()*,J$%-D">M4H

TU<,YT!A
K=DHA
K=D-"#$,HA
K=D-"#$,"DA
K=DO($%"#$,-2
K=D,4"()2
Chương 3 28
KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ THẢO LUẬN 28
3M,:LMNOP!<,YT!Z
3M,:Z
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
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YD">M7X':[OA\
3O$7B+"()W-'X<,YT!AZ
3O1!"#4:,2I
KẾT LUẬN, ĐỀ NGHỊ 63
?$&2
?Q2
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 65
PHỤ LỤC 58
( Nguồn phòng Tài nguyên và môi trường huyện Can Lộc) 65

DANH MỤC CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT
]// ^]47',:'&

]@ ^]+;
YK_ ^Y-
3/ ^3D'Q
EFG ^H*$=DT`J@#
YK ^
_aK ^"4b1#!
__ ^_-Qc
_9R ^_-Q"4O
deed ^/,H$f@#
?` ^?7
T3 ^T7!
TU ^T7B+"()
TUU ^?"()
0`` ^&gJ
eeF ^K=D**
KeF ^K=D**W=h);1

DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG, BIỂU
]4]!'),"4O*,'),-i;<c1>
/,01Z
]49#$,M=Jj'cc1I<,8
]4K;$7B<,YT!I
]4a;"#L$7!<,YT!7BIINI
]4#!c-=>M5+;hMk
]4AYDMhMk
]42++"4O1!"#;<-ic1IINIA
]48Y$7B+"()<,`<,YT!
]4IK;l,4M$7B+"()*,2
]4`,4M$7B+"()*,'mi5n\
]4`,4M$7B+"()*,'m'C9*Z

]4F04OBTUA
]4K;l,4OP!$7B+"()*,A
]4`,4OP!$7B+"()*,A
]4AK;l,41*-=h$7B+"()*,
A
]42`,41*-=h$7B+"()*,A
]4\31H!,4$7B+"()AA
]4Z3O),$7B+"()=D$'mi5nA8
]483O),$7B+"()=D$'m'C9*A8
'
DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH
`+^-+5=.H:,\
`+0,!L$=J1=L!b1L$=J5#D-5+-7c1
I<,8
`+9#<1='"#ho-7c1I
`+YDMc1I<,YT!A
`+YD$7Bc1II<,YT!8
`+A#,,4MNOP!'1*-=h$7B+"(
)A2
`+2R;<):1#,62
'
MỞ ĐẦU
1. Tính cấp thiết của đề tài
3p15&'**'*);-7D1=hc1
$":#),'.-+*,WL*QW"7'.7 W
'Q-=hWC7):c1II/,01D54->1!=.
*,06+=.qr'=J-7-c1c1L
M3*sc1L+</,011-4 =
m1!$f
06c1>=.L',i"4O*,<"

*,'*QP)[--L),*,<5Q
tL'W<D411BC7=D<7B"()4=.
c1IIL5+;),*,- =h"u41vIL
Sc1IIIVO#wILIZSc1IIV
0*,$7B!"4O'D54$7=h` 
=.-.4O;<):1!M-D">-
*,):'7M1cL$<W$15B-
M/+'&<L',H"()i<J$%LW
,4C71"5'6->'7 
,<$7=h$O;<):1!*,7),
'MOP!L1*-=h1!5'63:,1- 
5o v',;7,4"()-7*,7),L=]m
`<3P'x4547',1!M*7<w$B71!
"4O*,5'6x
0*,W'-w-X-7',41547"OP!7
 #-.TQ"(PH1Ic11.L
*,$4M4#Q--77c-=>M
-7h1M74M)71Q-=h3*qSc1
88V'!M74,>M':3*01sSc188\V
a7'&<WWL*,PW cp"<41MLc
-=>OMb-75#4"<7M7 ,<
<LOy-L*,=.'z4#
1p'.$7B'=^"4O{L11fL*,$B&L
c"$=JWLM4cJ$MB-<L":
<)QD&1-7M,i<"4OWBL
),*,<5Qt)7"Hy-+*QWL
*,W'":c);"#+1;7,4"()
*,$"H 
:[-Lf*H^"Đánh giá hiệu quả các loại
hình sử dụng đất sản xuất Nông nghiệp trên địa bàn huyện Can Lộc tỉnh Hà Tĩnh".

2. Mục tiêu tổng quát
N_W 7,$%$&',4"()*,
-Q5<,'$D">Q=.-"4O*,-7
=D$
N_W ;7,4"()*,'fb<":
-"4O*,;71H&=h);
3. Mục tiêu cụ thể
N3:-B"()*,n1W f=h);
$:X$7B+"()mJ'.M,<,YT!
N3Q=.'O4n1;7,4"()*
,-Q5<,YT!
4. Yêu cầu của đề tài
N& <$,L"#$,'M,:LMNOP!
<,YT!'"#$,"DB/mHY"#$,&
OL#'W,#
N3=JM,:LMNOP!4=>"()
B<,YT!
N3-=J4;7,4M!*);LO
5,C7=.5'|mJ'.<,
Chương 1
TỔNG QUAN NGHIÊN CỨU
1.1 Một số lý luận về sử dụng đất nông nghiêp và tình hình sử dụng đất
nông nghiệp trên thế giới và Việt Nam
1.1.1.Một số lý luận về sử dụng đất nông nghiêp
1.1.1.1 Đất nông nghiệp
3$i<'*m%15p77
=hL7=h"--L"#'$.$h'7"4b1<
'&<LM*4|$+}3"-v;}B"7$B46+
547',i<<`X4=h0La7-C7-n~3$'&
B7!$&L$;h)7M4-+7B!J

A<#+57i1^L:'&L!'&LM&LQ+Lh
•<'&<LM,1<=&.":!<#Mi
B-71*-=hOL)7W"<1!"#X4MP5"
<#==. 1'p5,$'-w7=h7lM,1
-`X4=hFL€$1P=1M,1'="~3$
$.1pDO#$QWM4cB7-"4b17;<•]''
<LYP'^~3$=$,"4OD54'5%5
"4O*,•L~3M,M*=J":iB'""#
$7B,$7=hM•-7B1'H'"()
L=J+&$1!;#"L57i14!
"X':51p-W4=>Q1c'
,-B"()
C7,1=•'<7B/,017-n~3
$ -1p'{-1>W;<#W1X=J•'=J
C7‚-!^~3$1!),51p-L57i1
4<#1*-=h"<-')=.51p57i1^
M&LhL=•LQ+L1p=.L$.- 1"51pm
'.=. 1'M7"4-7$|L!:'&L-BQ=
7=hL6M47=h-7MH',B$B•
/.%‚WL*,$=J"()<'7"4O
*,=-i-XLc*L*-i<"47p"()
'71H,1'*,?W*,=h
W"()<'7"4O*,L5>'+:W
-=hJ=J"()'71M-7-N
=hJWL=J"()<77B!"4O*,1.
=J7$*,LM*"u$$7BMSm<C7',"()
'717$V
T&c1II-ƒ^~3*,$"()'71
"4OLHL,1'*,L$;1,'*-i<
"4L$11#'1547',L--vL57i1"4O*

,L"4O$;1,L*-i<"4L$11#'*
,M•
1.1.1.2 Vai trò đất nông nghiệp
3$<1g#LW'-w<Q":
iB'-OP!$7=hLW$D">:L$71X
-+"4O='-w#'.1g"4OW 1-X
MYP1B~T7!l$4'&Lw$
1t•`c188<Q^~0=.#4$%C7<
7B'$&•LT&IIM„Q~3$<#'*
m%L$=$,"4Op5,L$ -X 1*
-=h"#L$Q5;5#M);=LO;<):D">ML'c7L
OP!L'#w•-7"4O*$;1,L$=$,
"4O<'p5,M*<L'.6p1^
N3=J7$=$,"4O<-7"4O*$;1,L
5>'+W'v$#=J$7!'v$=$,$7!-7-+"4O
3$#=J5>$uW$D7=h:,7B!1+
!'7;<-i'&*B7-"4b1
N3$$7B=$,"4OM*<^5>'+$"4b1
:L5"()J$%L"H"4O<c$3
<w{-7-+"()4H-15i)=•L547',L
$1*67B!W%‚7=h
N3$<5QB5>-.$'51pQ 3p
1<4=>M4c1>-!<1*"4O*N$;1,'
"Hy'$7!'',$1L)7 *"4<c-7M),
*,<5Qt/,MMb7W='7
7B!"4O*,P$17‚*,c$3;<$O
=.'&! M<M
<L='77B!"4O*,$7WLn1
-7r="()/+'&<L 4 = $."H=h'"H
-7M,i$:WBL 47Mr =7*<

:":W,4
N3W'Q-#Q'$=JM*i6'mL
1g'm$*o'.M,:S=•LhLM
&L=.L…VM,MNOP!S);"#L$7!L7*LQ-=hL
…V'W$=JMa7'&<L',"()4o$'.
',OQD;<-iL'&*7mJn1C1$B,4
M7-D">o1oM,v'm$P
N3=J7$1!$7B"4L=h"()W<Q)7
$&1g=.Q^B7&$J7',&-L'<=."(
)vW<=J,45"() <'J$%
0='&<L$<#"H-X':-+"4
O*,:7<*-+-OP!$7
=hL":+'-1X'c1'&N'c1
 L:'&L'c7M7X=JO;<):-4D
54W$'"()Lp5,$*$;1,/+'&<L"()
J$%LW,4$1!-76M,-X7M
-'5'6
1.1.1.3. Nguyên tắc sử dụng đất nông nghiệp
N3*,4=J"() <LJ$%3<W‚$
75!), =J"()'7"4OL'.',5#-D;<
-iL'&*mJ'.p1v$7Bn1;7c";<
-iL'&*ih+6547',';7!+
N3*,4=J"()B,473;<$M4',
"() <LJ$%L',OQ,4"()*
7$7BlM^c";<-iL =L,"#"(
)L4"4b1Lj$,C…#;7,4"()
4:,#Li5!5,Mr&'"MNOP!
-D">415477'$=J:L:b1Lc=h<$,7
*,5'*$;1"47OMb
N3*, 4=J4$%'"()1!5'69:5

'6>;<$":5'64'"#$=J'$=DLW‚$4=J
547iM*lH=J ,,B1w7,=D
$9:5'6o$'.M,"L1*-=h/+'&<L
=DH"()*$;1,4o$'.',547',1*-=h
LH=J$J-=.1o'$;)
0='&<L"()-,'W,4L415477-+"4
O=J$+',;6<o-$',$1 '
"H-X'.1g#
1.1.2.Tình hình sử dụng đất nông nghiệp trên thế giới và Việt Nam
1.1.2.1 Tình hình sử dụng đất nông nghiệp trên thế giới
3*,$;#'*m-X#'."4O*,
-.L1p)m"4O*,=.-M*
#= 1-X#'.h"#7=h+#7|
v&` =.7"4O*,$D">4":
-<LM);"#<1!c+ $=D:L:b1
$1!"Hy-$.341547$=D:$7=h4c=h
5,M7a7WLP'•;5n"
'mL5QM-,'M*whlL5,+6
!+7==J7-XpMLm'.',-1B
1uMNOP!L*,LM7X'Mr&L*c=J1>
-!'W'-w-X#'.!"#7=h0;$7BPW
65=.Mk),$1<5!1p-'1H"#n<0=
)7B<C7$J&#5!M*W1!$=J-P
;<-6&4:=^*[11*-=hL77?4$
$7B),5Q77-B1'7.+H5Q
1))=•'6DL5QOW1wL5Q[11p'5Q7B
-f 0=h=.W.A†),--5Q
77)76!5b7=h;<-C7K]-L7
5!WM4c*,.vLjS1†),
$V‡M74\Z†SOOlL\jVM*)m=J'7*,

3-i-X$"()L|W$7B,B="()=
WM4c-i-X3-i-X.WM74LAjS1
OOlILZ†),'2†WM4c-i-XV0='&<Lw
A†WM4c-i-X==JM
3-.;5#>;$M*<W),
*,M7"7'.Y;$M=Y;s$BWj$,),
*,-),:pML;s$D&
- $.);"#.L>;<W#);"#*+.
$-@#Lˆ3!Ld)7CO‰Y;sLif1A†),
1c-i-Xh=.-hW$M$.M74I\-,L
-7WOOlZ-,=J-i-X'M74II-,<
n1-7'm,.b13*01sK $.),<$)#'
‡M74IN2I-,-=.;<'#$-v:CL=
<)75QMM#$,-vP5Q'41:'&P<
;<5'{)B
3.WB'=J):7$<c)7M
16),WM4c*,n1H '$=D
::b17$7=h<L)7);"#<1!c5+
;),- =h<1!41
3*01s$1!M':p5,$1!M':W);"#M*-
.=),L-7WlWT$),
- =hML/,01H-7"##
F9ŠF0
1.1.2.2. Tình hình sử dụng đất nông nghiệp của Việt Nam
3"4O*,$=JOQ<"()'7"4
O*,=-i-XLc*L7pH,1'*
,C7M4M1c1II\L/,01W),:
$AI8L2L-7W"4O*,lW8I\2LL);
"#$ZAAL8+=hL5+;),"4O*,$I2LA
1


‹=h
/+'&<L',;7,4"()n1741P 7OP!
'"4b1*,->'5$*=J4$%
'"();1:7<L-76c1)7#!*
,7|=*Q7)[-M1B1u>Q=D-B1
'4=.$17),*,>/,01W5!LC7
6=$,#M']!<'*-=h+5
!'"#$=J*,=.-76c1 ;<=J
,>54
Bảng 1.1. Biến động về diện tích đất sản xuất nông nghiệp và diện tích đất
trồng cây hàng năm ở Việt Nam
0c1
),
"4O
*,
SIIIV
),
-i;<
c1
SIIIV
a;"#
SIII=hV
]+;),
"4O;*
,=h‹1

III 2L IAIL \\2AL 2ZL2Z
IIA 8ALA\ 2\ILI Z8L8 L\\
II2 82L2 2ZLA ZAALZ L\

II\ 8ILZ 2I8L2 ZAAL8 I2LA
Nguồn: Kiểm kê, thống kê đất đai các năm 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007- Bộ Tài nguyên
và Môi trường; Niên giám thống kê 2008 [8].
C70<[3+]iSIIV"4O*,fl
1ZLZ†' =D=D'.),<$),="()
3;<$j$,7< W5,:DWM=J
),W-71M97'.1!"#=.-
.L=.Wj$,)m'7*,-T1!=.W 
);"#$1*+5+;),- =h*);
-'11f$1!->B7$.3'=JL-1!*
,"H$=D::b177);'W1! O
Mb 5MJ$%L -,M,1L"()W
,47-D">-1!*,5'6
1.2. Đánh giá hiệu quả và tính bền vững trong sử dụng đất nông nghiệp
1.2.1. Sự cần thiết phải đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng đất nông nghiệp
 ."()M74LAj7"4O*,
1c*,.M74NAj0;$7BP$1=
BM74Lj',<1gc1WM742N\-,*
,5Q5{)7OW1w'7734< '"4b1*
,7=h4;1c'Lcc";<-i'1>
-!),*,/,-LHo1'6
"#$=J'$=J57i1-$&54iL,-B
"()L;B'<7B"()J$%$'
-X1#-;13cp6"<7
<)7":57=hLihn1=.
)z6<Q'"()'4$%L"77i<
<W=JM#1'z)<-+=J"H"4OW
-7=D$L 4H& <',4-7"(
)LW$":MJ74$‚':,4ML,4OP
!'547',1*-=h-14$%"()5'6

1.2.2. Những nhân tố chủ yếu ảnh hưởng tới việc sử dụng đất nông nghiệp
/,OQ;#4=>,4"()$"H 
LWf7',=-6mJ'.v$7B'm-
D">WO64n1;7,4"()Y;#
4=>W-$1W1";<^
Œ Điều kiện tự nhiên^3M,:57i1<#=)LM
&hL=.L"'&W4=>-:."4O*,5>'+
;<$D">"'&"-=>L-'B7"M#3f
M,:$D">OQ;<-i'&*mJ'Q=. =
;1f
N3p1$%L7^-7"4O*$;1QL 
D.LML1$=J6D''*D-7L<Q
$=J'"()@r<L#<OLW4
=>-:,4"()
N0i=.'!=.^$<#- LW'v$M,
-X;<-i'&<))=•'v$'&f7"'&
"-=>'-
N3Q+L!)#'=•^M,Q+L!)#'=•$
<#<Q$.,4"4OL!+W4=>"
-=>-'c";<-i'&*
N/Q-Q$%^'Q-Q$%v'm'.":M5,'M,
"L,!Li=.L =h7*LM*,"u<Q
M4c',4"()/+'&<L-7:["()*$;1
, ;<$&:L&)$J"•Wn1B=J
,47'MLOP!'1*-=h
NĐiều kiện khí hậu^<#M&4=>-:"4O*
,'M,"7B7=h*L,!5+;L":
"M,!"L'h'M*-:4=>.":
;5#L"-=>'-;<-iL;<-v':'&j"L
$=J1=L5#DW%‚-X-7',6,!L!b1L

|=M4c41547=.7"-=>;<-iL"fL
j"4
ŒBiện pháp kỹ thuật canh tác
],Mr&$!7=h'7L;<
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S88AV+5,Mr&$6!,":5";
"o7=h'#=J"4OL'hL'M,1*-=h'
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$7B'"() '7mJ'.<$&:"'&
n1B1-
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:Mr&L#1.Lj$JL;5W.,4+|p-<
 #'.H"()YW‚$H)*,"4O5!$
1!41547'&7M*,c-=>Y76
MjRRdL-7*,/,01L<-+Mr&WW I†
c"M0='&<W15,Mr&p5,W%‚
-X-7-+MC7";';7,4"()
*,
* Nhân tố kinh tế - xã hội:57i1-;#=!OP!L);
"#LD">B L1*-=h"<#<W%‚<QL
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NYD">B '"4O*$;1,-7<#D">B
 '"4O+<#7*'&4$-XLWW 
'7',-7"4b1|=)Q'6<# '77"4
OY<#M=j$JL,L*$$BL)Q'L*,
W":4=>M*{,4"()-7Wj$J',$
<#M*-7M,"4O,<Lf7',"()
C75-!'5";Y<#w$B|Wg-J-:7p
',;7,4"()

NQ-=h"4b1*$;1"4^T #6=h"4O
')mL>W=h"4O:,',-77L<f
7X:,=J#-+"4OC7
N-+!MHLM4c'&"4O"()
,>M4cM7XMr&L-+!"4OLM4c''#$7
!LD">'&Mr&'"4OLM,1-<#-7"4
O'O($%*-<Q-7"4Oa7'&<L1#;
7,4"()+',;7-+!'&&*M7XL
Mr&$"H-X
N`,#"^"L"lDM
*,**L" =O;<):D">B '"4OL
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");"#L$7!',$1L7B7MHL"M<M =L
"O7W41ŽY"<PW6!-$.
'"()L-'+$7B+"()1.
-7W1;#<!',"()=J-+5<>
-Lv:v'mLvQ=DW&516;#M
!,4"()L-7WW6<#&$J'6<#
B3#'.6<#&$J M1cWL6
;#B4W64Mo):-D">M7X':
[/1#$+1-6;#4=>.,4"()L
W65,<D"()n1;7,4
1.2.3 Khái quát về hiệu quả và hiệu quả sử dụng đất
37'm"7p'm$PM$n1
B7-1!"H"4O1.LQL5'6'J$%-7W,
4"()$1!!)"H-X/&<,4"()$+}
C7M7XM91C$N07-"‡~`,4M*W‚$
$P0H,4"4O4OyD!`,4"4
O)[-MOP!M*c"#$=J1!$7B7<1M*o
41"#$=J1!$7B7MC7-;1v*6L,4

$M4|=< ',$11$B
C7M,1-+,4"()4$M4-+"(
)-7W;1.M46L1!B$=J'&
B7-)717=hL=J5,5n6lLO
Qa71;z6i<$6B'. 
<c7=h14OC1OyM4"()=JB7-
=7}Y5{-B7-M4W$57}YW=$BM46
<M*}Y'+M7B!"4O*,M*l
)v$B>',M41w4$=J7B!"4
OB7-"4b1W3$=J7B!"4O$!)
,4
9()*,W,47*',5#-D;<
-iL'&*mJ$1!-76'5HOf,< 
=.-.0WM*lf":;1M7XL
7BQ"LM)7*,1w$":171#
*);L6=h-:1'7-+"4O*,
YcH'7 Q-=hL:,)B7;<-i'&*
-D">$:X"4b1W=>vQ=DLvWH
)*,1.n1$17"4b1WB-73W$1!
-76M,'*m-X-*,C7
=."4O7'v1Q'v41547":5'6
0<<LM7X7-n^OQfM,1L54,
4"()4Ov$&1-X'6&H$
$&$<,#L‚$,44=JOC1Oy-1p^,4
ML,4OP!L,41*-=h
* Hiệu quả kinh tế:
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$&M,1h';#1!WM7Bh$7!C7
"4 O M  C7M7X 3H S9CCL `L
e"C-<C-L911C-1N88AV^`,4M$l"7"1H!

M,1-71!D'QM46'1HcM467B
!"4O'&-71!hMkLW $1c1$JOP!
0='&<,4M=J$1#=D"7"6$=JM
4B=J'$=J5{--77B!"4OM)7?4
B=J$ -Q=J"4b1 -L$=J5{-$ 
-Qi$: '7#=DW Oy4' "7"
<,#'=D#|=OC1Oy1#,pu6B$=JW
`,4M$B1-mM1-7W"4OB,4M
',4;53WW‚$4<#,'&'-Q
MOC1Oy',"()i$:-7*,0B=J1!
-7<#,4Mr&';5+MW"4O1.B,4
M
v6'-WM$&-n^]4,4M"(
)$^-1!),Q"4O-1!M#$=J4'&
L'.1!$=J =''&'$7!
n1H< <c''&OP!Rv$%)7<
1-7-+*, 4l-=J$7B+"()
W,4M7
* Hiệu quả xã hội
`,4OP!$B1-mW$1&'.,4M'
,17B!M7=hL',$=J7l5
,,4OP!wpMWMc1<45nl
1Q=B7*c',$17$7!LO7W41Ž7L
QLQ=L*5nOP!L;71H"#7);
-7"()*,L,4'1pOP!<=JOQ
5nM4cB7',$1-1!),*,`,<L',
,4OP!$7B+"()*,$'=J
M7X;1
* Hiệu quả môi trường
`,41*-h$1!'17 L<<=J

f-X;1'M*5{M,43<W%‚
$1X7B!"4OL1X5,M7XMr&L1X4'4
$%3=J7$W,4MfM*;<B<W6!O
1*-=hL1*-=h=.'1*-=hM*M|=M*$1
4=>O1*"')B"XYW=JW1.41547
71!":-5'61g'm$PL1g#|=4
!i#
-7"4O*,L,41*-=h$,41$;
)L'v41547$J,B1M*$14=>O=D$LW
op'.-+ML"()'547',<'1*-=h
"
9()J$%L,47'5'64;1.45,
4-L-7W,4M$-X;1LM*W,4M+M*
WM,i$::,4OP!'1*-=hL=J$BLM*
W,4OP!'1*-=h+,4M"uM*5'6
1.2.4. Quan điểm sử dụng đất bền vững
1.2.4.1 Quan điểm sử dụng đất bền vững.
3W6)7$.#'.,"W''.!
"#7=hW-C7ŠeaC?1C']K€-MCS88ZV+
WAHc^1!$)<-+'w 7"7X'QWXL
$;#=.L5$):-6';#'&L5#$,1'c1$
;#c$=J06Hc<415477M4cl":
;5n,":-=.6<<L!
7=hP$17,"5M'=JM4c
lT1!,"1! )77=hB7-n11
'7=h,"*,Q6!7=h
1B1uY7=hPM*l!'71w!4
'7M<Li=.B7<1!D$=D:L:b1'
&4$|=;#:M5Q<C7=.
<1!O0<<6'm11•P41"H"4O1!

-ƒ-,'W<D771-XLM*6":"<7
wMy7C7":"<41i=.L6,=J5=h
-=.65,W-Ln1415477!"#7=h-7
,B'=D$ 4W6$=J'"()M*l)<
-+6M4c,W1wM*6M4cP1&
6~"()5'6•-h-D">6171#-/,+1
M14"()1!,4'5'6$*$171#
7=h-7"#4h0M7X'H#P
";H'"()1!5'6-'m
.L-7WW/,01/,"()5'6$"()'.4
6p-='&$%L7XL"XW4=>M4c"()
&6=J&>;<i1=•LQ+LM&Lj
'cL:'&'!'&LM4'4,5,4$%
H0*T=DTJ#SEFGV"()&6~$=J•
-7"()5'657i1;#4=>":5'6
<M"()71QL$=JW
M-=D),=M4c=.=.LM4c
))=•71"4O*,LM4c#QOW
1wL"H"4O:';5#Q+4=>M4cW.
73)<-+=J":5'6L91<F•'•$a1"M
S88VPOQA<oW$":"()5'6$^
Na<-+7p;77B!"4O‡
N_411H!--7#'."4O‡
N]47',1ci<:L#$B":77
$=J'=.‡
N?4'1pM‡
N3=JOP!&
0='&<LC74L"()5'6M*l %'1p:
1w4'1p1*-=hL$JM'OP!0c1<o-
;<$-!',"()5'6L-7:[B=J4A

<o-+":5'6"u*L=J$B"ulB=J>1!'
5!&<":5'6WM,B/,01LC7%M37Y;
'0<[?S88ZV/,"()5'6|):-6
<o-'=J,-7< "^
N]'6'1pM^Y;<-i7,4M7'=JQ
-=h&‡
N]'6'1p1*-=h^T7B+"()547',=JL
cp":77L547',1*-=h:‡
N]'6'1pOP!^f=J$7!L41547h"#
=h);LW fb<OP!-
W1$BL7B!"4O*,7=h)[-"H
)B-'mM'|'+M,1"()5'6
,-77B!"4O'4$%-v'mO
QC7 '1"()7=h3-7"4O*
,l=JX$"()5'6-D">)<-+Hc
$41547M4c"4O;<-i1!QLM*$1"<
41'$=J<C7h'',"()M*;<4
=>O1*-=h"#7=h'"'&
1.2.4.2 Khung đánh giá sử dụng đất bền vững
/7c188L>0-75PH`!47'~?4$%
5'6•P=-Q‚^~@4$%5'657i1J
*,L"'7B!n1$J<$%MOP!'.
;11*-=hih^
Na<-+L;7"4$=J
N_41--7"4O
N]47',1ci$::'cv77'=.
S547',V‡
NYW,4$;)
N3=JOP!&
0c1<o-=J7$-!"()5'6'$

61 4B=JL:)[-i5!L"7'.1
 4B=J0lB1!<1!'11M*44+
M4c5'6l15!&
/&)<o-L>/,011!$7B+"()=JOC1$
5'64B< "^
N]'6'M^;<-i7,4M7L=JQ-=h
&
`,#"()4W1Hc""X7-1H5+;
'mWmM,0c""X57i1"4b1'
S#'.;<-i$gLBLL4/)=$BV!,5'64
Wc"-1H5+;'mLM*"uM*B-=J-7
DQ-=h
/$=J^"4b14BbBQ=DL-7
=.'OMbLm<1v'm
-Q"4b1-D'Q),$=.7-X
,4M#'.1!,#"()-Q-71!7B
<4Mk4-1H5+;'mL)=.1HW+<D
=h"()"uM*W$PL,4'# =4$.D$P"
'<'#;
N]'6'1pOP!^f=J$7!L41547h"#'
-OP!
3H *!$;1-=.L1#X;1
$J$;)S547',L1*-=hV94b1=J 741P
cL1pL' "#<=h*);
0!$:'i$:Q=D4=J</L,#"(
)4=JH-1*);W<=>$;)LP
=J7'-vP=JM7'.$J5
9()"u5'6mJ'.'c7);!'&Q
=DL=J$B"uM*=J!i!
N]'6'1*-=h^$7B+"()4547',=J!11•

Lcp77'547',1*-=h"_6=J
,5n41$=J1c1)=.1H7y
3!+c) $< 5o5!#'.4$%"()
5'6
3!C#4B=•7"S•A†V
3)B"X5, $7S5'6D!
L;<$;c1WM4c547',#D;<c1V
]< 5'6-$OC1Oy'$7B+"()
,B*',OC1Oy'< -f7',Q
=.-*,>'m"
W1$B^M,1"()5'6)77=h=-=J,
-77B!"()'4$%C7117=hP
$:X7v'mOQ3#'."4O*,',"()
5'64B=J-D">41547M4c"4OQ;<-iL
$=J<M*"<41C7h'',"()M*
4=>O1*-=h"#7=hL"'&
1.3 Đánh giá loại hình sử dụng đất theo phương pháp đánh giá đất của FAO
* Loại hình sử dụng đất.
-7LEFGP=-6M,1'$7B+"()L
='7!)5=.'7$7B+"()$1!#
=J)m-7
T7B+9()ST)U"C<C"NTUV^T5H-1*4:-B
"()1g'm'.6=DH"4O'4$%"4O
-7M,:LMNOP!'Mr&=JOQ
* Nội dung chính của đáng giá các loại hình sử dụng đất.
NT:7'1*4$7B+"(),B‡
N3$7B+"(),B-51p^
‘`,4'M^Y;<-i7,4M7'=JQ-=h
&‡
‘`,4'1*-=h^T7B+"()547',=JLc

p":77L547',1*-=h:‡
‘`,4'OP!^f=J$7!L41547h"#=h
);LW fb<OP!-
NT:X$7B+"()W-'X^T:X$7B+"()
W)<-+'--7=D$ 741PM,':L
MLOP!'1*-=h0WW,4M7+4=J=h
);&'1*-=hL=.'M*MM*5Q"<41
1.4. Những nghiên cứu về nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng đất trên thế giới và
Việt Nam
1.4.1Những nghiên cứu trên thế giới.
Y7.<L-.PWM7XHL-
=D+1-4;7,4"()*,
C7=.-70=k!'7M,L-+!'=D
H"()>1g=.1W":M
`c1',H*,>=.-.
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