nâng cao chất lượng chính trị của lực lượng dân quân tự vệ quân khu 1 giai đoạn hiện nay bản tóm tắt tiếng anh

INTRODUCTION
1. Overview of the dissertation
Since the Militia Act was enacted, construction activity of
militia force under Military Region 1 on politics has been led and
directed by the Command’s Party executive committee and the
committees, the local authorities. Thus, the level of political
enlightenment, ethics, lifestyle and capacity to implement the
responsibilities and duties of the militia force are improved, contributing
to strengthening the leadership of executive committee, effective
management of the authorities, maintaining political stability, social
security at local and grassroots levels. However, during the current
period, there are many new issues affecting political consciousness of
militia force under Military Region 1. Those are the transformations of
social - class structure in our country, rich - poor gap, diverse & complex
participants of militia force; and building self-defense force at
enterprises which are not state-owned the enemies’ plot of
"depoliticizing" the armed forces. Therefore, it’s necessary to research,
summarize and draw experiences to improve the political quality of
forces of militia force under Military Region 1 in recent years, study the
new theoretical & practical issues, contributing to provide scientific
basis to improve the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1 in the current period.
The research "Improve the political quality of militia force
under Military Region 1 in the current period" contributes to clarify the
basic issues in theory and practice; propose basic solutions to improve
the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the
current period. To perform this task, the dissertation author based on the
theory of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology and the Party’s
reformative views & policies; uses the research results of some works
published in recent years related to the dissertation topic. At the same
time, the dissertation author has conducted fieldwork on the actual

situation of building militia force under Military Region 1 since the
Militia Act was enacted to date.
2. Reasons for choosing the topic
In building the people’s armed forces, building militia
nationwide with high quality, meeting the requirements of the national
construction and protection mission plays a particularly important
positions and role. This is the succession to the tradition, experience of
1
organizing the armed forces in the history of national construction and
defense of the nation; creatively applying and developing the Marxism -
Leninism and Ho Chi Minh ideology in the new historical conditions of
the country and the times.
Building the people’s armed forces which are strong in politics
as a basis to improve the overall quality and combating strength is the
consistent view of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Therefore,
improving the political quality of militia force is always the central &
key issue in building militia force both in peacetime and when the
country is at war. Currently, improving the political quality of militia
force under Military Region 1 has many advantages, but it is facing
tough difficulties and challenges. Developing the socialist-oriented
market economy makes the social-class structure of militia force
extremely diverse. Militia force not only is built in the state-owned
enterprises, at all levels, sectors, localities & administrative units but also
has to be built in the enterprises which are not state-owned. The negative
side of the market economy has affected all areas of social life, making a
part including militia force degraded in politics, ethics and lifestyle.
Imperialism and the hostile forces are urgently implementing their
conspiracy of "peaceful evolution" and overthrowing violence in order
to remove the socialism in our country. To accomplish this goal, they
find every trick to undermine the leadership of the Party, the State's

management of the people's armed forces, undermining political
thought, ethics and lifestyle of the armed forces in general and militia
force in particular That fact requires more care in building and
improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
In recent years, grasping throughly the Party’s views and
policies and the Militia Act, the development of militia force under
Military Region 1 has had a positive change in leadership, direction and
implementation. Thus, the political quality of militia force is basically
maintained, synthetic quality is improved, contributing to strengthening
the leadership of the executive committee, effective management of the
government, political stability, social security and safety at the local &
grassroots level. However, the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1, especially in the remote areas, ethnic minority areas
and border areas has not met the mission’s requirements, with not high
operational efficiency, especially when there are complex political and
social situations at the local & grassroots level.
2
With a relatively long time working in the local military
authorities of Military Region 1, the author chooses the research issue
“Improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in
the current period” as the doctoral dissertation topic in political science,
major in building the Party and the State government. The topic does not
overlap researches published in recent years and is in accordance with
the code of the major in building the Party and the State government.
3. Research purpose of the dissertation topic
On the basis of clarifying basic theoretical and practical issues in
improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1,
contributing to building the strong militia force under Military Region 1
completing all tasks.
4. Research subject and scope

* Research subject of the dissertation topic: Improve the
political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
* Research scope: Tập trung đi sâu nghiên cứu chất lượng chính
trị và hoạt động nâng cao chất lượng chính trị của lực lượng DQTV ở
một số địa phương trên địa bàn Quân khu 1 kể từ khi có Luật Dân quân
tự vệ đến nay.
Focus on deeply researching the political quality and activities to
improve the political quality of militia force in some localities under the
area of Military Region 1 since the Militia Act so far.
5. Scientific and practical meaning of the dissertation topic
* New scientific contribution of the dissertation topic:
- Interprete and present view on the political quality and
improving the political quality of militia force.
- Draw experiences in improving the political quality of militia
force under Military Region 1.
- Propose basic solutions to improve the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1 to meet the requirements of the
national defense mission in the current period.
* Practical significance of the dissertation topic:
The research results of the dissertation contribute to providing a
scientific basis for the Party, the State and directly the party committee,
the Command of Military Region 1, the executive committee, the
authorities of provinces & cities in the area of Military Region 1 to
determine policies and solutions to improve the political quality of militia
force at local and grassroots levels. The dissertation can serve as reference
3
material in researching and teaching subjects including the Party’s works,
political works and national defense education at military schools.
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ISSUE
1. Research situation related to the dissertation topic

1.1. Foreign researches related to the dissertation topic
In the Soviet Union there are some researches on the guerilla
force during the war to protect the country from 1941 to 1945. The work
on Marxism - Leninism theory about the war and the Army of the Soviet
Ministry of National Defense, translated and issued by the People's Army
Publishing House in 1975 generalizes and analysizes the leadership
activities of the Soviet Communist Party and State in the leadership,
direction, building the organization and operation of the militia in the war
to defend the socialism. This issue stems from the theoretical point of
Marxism - Leninism on the nature of justice and the role of the masses in
the war of national defense; waging the people's war to protect the
socialist Fatherland, deriving from the experience and traditions of
Russian people. However, the works of the Soviet Union only refer to the
need to organize the building of guerrilla force when the war to protect the
socialist Fatherland happens and do not mention the need to organize the
building of this force at peace. This is the difference between the
construction and use of militia force of the Soviet Union and that of
Vietnam.
In China, there is the Civil force. Article 36 of the Law on
Military Service of China defines Civil force as the organization of the
armed mass who still keep production, the assistant and the reserve force
of People's Liberation Army of China. The Civil force is developed not
only at war, but also in peacetime to protect the revolutionary
achievements, and prepare to wage the people’s war to protect the
Fatherland. Mentioning the functions and duties of the Civil force, this
work clarifies that the Civil force has the responsibility to protect,
respect and support the revolutionary government, follow the
Constitution and laws of the State, defend peaceful life of the people,
and impact the productive & labor front. The political work in building
the Civil force needs to educate each militia aware of their own

functions and duties.
In Cuba there is the territorial troops militia. Article 50 of the
Law on National Defense of Cuba stipulates that territorial troops militia
is a part of the revolutionary armed forces and is one of the organization
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forms of the Cuban people to conduct armed struggle and perform other
duties on national defense. This law also specifies the responsibility of
the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, local authorities at all
levels and enterprises in building, managing and using the territorial
troops militia.
In conclusion, in the light of Marxist - Leninist theory on
defense of the socialist Fatherland, the organization for building the
revolutionary armed forces, the names and the methods of organizing
and using militia force in the Soviet Union, China and Cuba are different
in different historical times and circumstances, but they all assure the
position and role of the militia force; stating the missions & principles in
leadership, management and use of this force. This is documentation
with theoretical and methodological values in studying the political
quality and improving the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1 in the current period.
1.2. Relevant domestic researches
Grasping the viewpoints of the Party, President Ho Chi Minh
and the Militia Act, many agencies and scientists research the
organization and activities of militia force in the revolutionary periods.
The domestic research works related to the dissertation include two
groups: the group of researches on the organization for building and
operation of militia force in the areas of the whole country; the group of
researches on the organization for building and operation of militia force
under Military Region 1 with different contents and scopes.
* Researches on the organization for building and operation of

the country's militia force in the revolutionary periods.
In 1970, Comrade Le Duan [40], the former General Secretary
of the Communist Party of Vietnam composed the work Under the
glorious flag of the Party for the independence, freedom and socialism
towards gaining new victories. General Vo Nguyen Giap, the Minister
of National Defense wrote the work Master the policy on people's war,
defeat the destructive war of American imperialism, the People's Army
Publishing House, 1975. General Van Tien Dung, the former Minister of
National Defense wrote his work The power of national defense of
Vietnamese people in 1979.
The General department of politics: The Party & political work in
the construction and operation of militia. Political Academy: The
curriculum on the party and political work in the local military work.
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Department of Militia: The State writing system on the militia works and
national defense education (2011). Academy of National Defense (2002):
Curriculum on the Party and political work in the local military work and
national defense. Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy (2004):
Curriculum on national defense, security and foreign affairs. Follow the
directive of the Party's Central Military Commission, currently the Central
Military Commission, the units & localities summated 6 years (2002-
2008) of implementing Directive 16 - CT / TW dated 5 October 2002 of
the Secretariat on strengthening the Party’s leadership over militia force
and the reserve force in the new situation, from communes, wards and
towns to the centre; summarizing 12 years of implementing the Ordinance
on militia force held from communal level to the military region, the
central ministry and sector. Along with the works of academies, schools,
research and directing institutions, since the twelfth National Assembly
passed the Militia Act, many scientific staff and leaders have managed,
researched and grasped thoroughly the views of the Party and the laws of

the State on building militia force at all levels, sectors, local grassroots.
Some typical works are as follows:
Colonel Hoang Van Thanh (2009), “Militia in Quang Tri
Province- the key force in preventing and overcoming natural disasters
at the grassroots”, Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.
26 (70), p.42-43. Colonel Nguyen Chien Truong (2009), "Build the
strong reserve force and militia in the border area of Gia Lai Province",
Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 26 (70), p. 44-46.
Colonel Le Minh Quang (2009), "Build the marine militia force of Ba
Ria - Vung Tau Province, the initial results and experience", Journal on
Militia - National Defence Education, No. 26 (70), p. 47-50. Lieutenant
Colonel Nguyen Minh Trieu (2009), “The localities in the area of
Military Region 9 successfully implement the regime and policies of the
militia force”, Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 26
(70), p.51 -53. Trinh Van Nuoi (2011), "The Water Supply Company in
Tra Vinh Province building strong militia platoon equipped with 12.7
mm air-defense machine guns", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 40 (84), p.20- 21. Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Van
Truong (2011), "Some solutions to build marine militia force in the area
of Military Region 5". Journal on Militia - National Defence Education,
No. 40 (84), p.33-34. Ngoc Thang (2011), "The construction of militia
force in Thanh Hoa Province", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 40 (84), p.41-43. Colonel Bui Xuan Nghia (2011), "The
local troops and militia in Quang Binh Province in the early years of the
war against the destruction of American imperialism", Journal on
Militia - National Defence Education, No. 40 (84), p.44-48. Major. Tran
6
Thi Huong (2011), "Guerrilla in Tuyen Quang Province in the war against
the French invasion," Journal on Militia - National Defence Education,
No.40 (84), p.52-55. Colonel Ho Xuan Thuc (2011), "The Ministries,

sectors and localities focus on directing the building of militia force in 2011
under the provisions of the Militia Act", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No. 41 (85), p.3-6. Colonel Nguyen Duc Vang (2011),
"The localities concentrate on directing the education, fostering & training
officers and training militia in 2011", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 41 (85 ), p.7-9. Colonel Luu Cong Trieu (2011), "Widely
register and manage militia is a content in building the strong and
widespread militia force", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education,
No. 43 (87), p.6-7. Colonel, Assoc. Prof, Dr. Le Duy Chuong (2010),
"Raising the political skill and spirit for militia officers in mountainous
border area in the current period", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No.39 (83), p.23-25. Nguyen Tien Dung (2011), "Some
experience in developing the Party’s members of militia force in the
localities of the Central Highlands area", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No.40 (84), p.23-25. Tran Dinh Trong (2011), "Military
Party Committee of Quang Binh district, Ha Giang Province well does the
advising work to develop the Party’s members of militia and reserve
forces", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 44 (88),
p.55-56. Nguyen Minh Trieu (2011), "Actual situation and solutions in
training basic military officers on the area of Military Region 9", Journal on
Militia - National Defence Education, No. 44 (88), p.22-24.
In 2011, the Institute of social sciences and military humanities
had a topic on improving the political quality of militia force today.
Researching the actual implementation of the scheme on building the
typical model in organization, training, operation and measures for
managing militia according to the Government’s decision No. 1902/QD-
TTg dated 15 October 2010, Lieutenant General Hoang Chau Son,
Bureau Chief of militia wrote the work: Replication of the typical model
in militia force, Journal on National Defence, No. 2 in 2013.
* Researches on the organization of building and operation of

militia force under Military Region 1 in the revolutionary periods
related to the dissertation topic.
Discussing the role of the guerilla militia force at war, there are
writing works of Lieutenant General Hoang Chau Son (2010), "The role
of local armed forces in the Battle of Route Coloniale 4 in 1950",
Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.39 (83), p.39-41.
Colonel Tran Huu Hoan (2010), "The armed forces of Cao Bang
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Province in the Battle of Route Coloniale 4 in 1950", Journal on Militia
- National Defence Education, No.39 (83), p.42-44. Lieutenant Colonel
Nguyen Duc Thuc (2011), "Militia force of Tu Son district in Bac Ninh
Province - 76 years of construction, combating and growth", Journal on
Militia - National Defence Education, No. 42 (86), p.38-41 . Colonel
Nguyen Thang (2010), "The armed forces of Cao Bang province - 60
years of construction and growth", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No. 34 (78), p.45-48. Vu Duc Tho (2010), "Self-
defense force of Thai Nguyen Steel and Cast Iron Joint stock company -
over 50 years of construction, combating and growth", Journal on
Militia - National Defence Education, No.32 (76), p.40-43. Nguyen Duc
Hanh (2010), "The new in training militants in Binh Long commune of
Vo Nhai district", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.
38 (82), p.40-41. Nguyen Van Lan (2010), "Training militia of Bac Ninh
Province in 2010 - Results and experience", Journal on Militia -
National Defence Education, No. 34 (78), p.18-20. Tran Dinh Dich
(2010), "Thai Nguyen Province, one of the bright spots in implementing
the education on national defense - security", Journal on Militia -
National Defence Education, No. 34 (78), p.31-32. Ho Sy The (2011),
"Foster the national defense and security at military school in Lang Son
Province - Results and experience" Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No.42 (86), p.18-20. Hoang Cong Ham (2011),

"The results and some experience in organization for building militia
force of Lang Son province", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No.43 (87), p.8-11. Nguyen Ngoc Sang (2010), "Education
on politics - law and military training for militia force of Bac Ninh
province in 2009 – Some raised issues", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No. 32 (76), p.32-34. Le Dac Phuong (2011),
"Some experiences in implementing the education on national defense
and security of Bac Kan Province", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No. 47 (91), p.20-21. Nguyen Xuan Binh (2011),
"Looking back at the results of one year training military officers at
communal level with college level of basic military major in the Military
School of Military Region 1", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 48 (92 ), p.13-16. Nguyen Kim Thai (2010), "Huu Lung
District of Lang Son Province with fostering knowledge of national
defense - security", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education,
No.32 (76), p.11-13. Doan Van Quan (2011), "Innovate the teaching
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methods and improve the quality of education - training of military
school in Bac Ninh Province", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 45 (89), p.36-38. Mac Vuong Long (2011), "Improve the
effectiveness of the party and political works in building, training and
operation of militia and reserve force of Son Dong district", Journal on
Militia - National Defence Education, No. 46 (90), p.29-31. Tran Cong
Duong (2011), "Lang Son City successfully organized the contest on
legal awareness of militia", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 45 (89), p.17-18.
In a general view, foreign works as well as domestic researches
on militia force are all based on Marxist – Leninist theory to interprete
the political nature, functions, duties, construction and operation
principles of militia force. Particularly the works of the collective and

individual leaders, commanders, managers and scientists in the country
in general and at the localities in the area of Military Region 1 have
relatively insightful and comprehensive analysis on the Party's
perspective and Ho Chi Minh thought about the position, role, functions
and duties of militia.
2. Raised issues for the dissertation continues to resolve
Due to different goals, tasks and contents of each aforesaid
research, there is yet no research to basically study the political quality;
provide opinion and matters of principle, as well as solutions to improve
the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1. Thus,
research on improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1 in the current period is a new issue which does not
overlap the scientific works related to this issue that were published in
recent years.
First, there is no work to basically interprete the view and
matters of principle to improve the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1 in the current period.
Second, there is no work to study and evaluate fully the actual
situation of political quality and experience in improving the political quality
of militia force under Military Region 1 since the Militia Act to date.
Third, there is no work to study the impacting factors,
identify requirements and propose basic & feasible solutions to
improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1
in the current period.
3. Objective of the dissertation topic
9
Interprete to clarify the basic theoretical and practical issues to
improve the political quality of militia force and propose basic solutions
to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1
in the current period.

4. Research content of the dissertation topic
- Research the perspective on political quality and improving the
political quality and issues of principle to improve the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1.
- Properly assess the actual situation & causes; draw experience
to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
- Study the impacting factors, requirements and basic solutions
to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1
in the current period.
5. Research methods of the dissertation topic
Applying the methodology of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi
Minh thought and the Party's perspective, the dissertation uses the
research methods of the specialized science and interdisciplinary
science, which focuses on the systematic – structural method, analyzing,
synthesizing and summarizing the practice, logical - historical,
comparative, statistical, field survey, sociological survey and expert
methods to research and interprete the scientific content of the
dissertation topic.
Chapter 1
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES IN IMPROVING
THE POLITICAL QUALITY OF MILITIA FORCE
UNDER MILITARY REGION 1
1.1. Militia and the political quality of the militia force under
Military Region 1
1.1.1. Perspective and characteristics of militia under Military
Region 1
* Perspective on militia
Article 3 of the Militia Act defines that " Militia is the mass armed
force which does not escape from production and work; the composition of
the armed forces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; the force to protect

the Party, authorities, the lives and property of the people & the State,
serving as the core together with the whole people fight against the enemy at
the grassroots localities at war. This force which is organized in communes,
wards and towns is called militia while the one organized in state agencies,
10
political organizations, political-social organizations, professional units and
economic organizations is called self-defense".
Based on the Militia Act and the Constitution of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam, militia force under Military Region 1 is the mass
armed force that does not escape from production, a component of the
armed forces under Military Region 1. The Armed Forces under Military
Region 1 include units of the regular army, the local military authorities
and militia force. Militia force under Military Region 1 has the functions
and tasks of the combating, producing and working troops. Accordingly,
the militia force under Military Region 1 has the task to protect the
Party, authorities, the lives and property of the people & the State,
serving as the core together with the whole people fight against the
enemy at the grassroots localities at war. This issue stems from the
Party's perspective on the key role of the people’s armed forces in the
cause of national defense, conducting the people's war for national
defense. With the nature of the mass armed forces that does not escape
from production, so in peacetime, the militia force under Military
Region 1 is an important force in working and production, along with
the armed forces in the area to protect the the Party, authorities, the lives
and property of the people & the State, performing the tasks of national
defense and security; maintaining political security, social order and
security, fighting against "peaceful evolution" and overthrowing
violence at the grassroots localities. When the war for national defense
happens, the militia force under Military Region 1 is one of three direct
combating troops to fight against the enemy to protect the localities &

grassroots, serving as the core for the people and together with the
people at the grassroots to combat and serve for combating.
* Characteristics of the militia force under Military Region 1
First, the militia force under Military Region 1 is built up and
grown on the area with critical strategic position on national defense,
security, politics and economy; people of different ethnics continue to
promote the patriotic tradition and the tradition of revolutionary struggle
in the cause of building and defending the country.
Second, the tasks and organizational structure of militia force in
localities under Military Region 1 are diverse, complex and under the
regulations of the tasks on politics, national defense and security of each
locality and grassroots.
Third, the militia force under Military Region 1 is diverse and
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complex in the ethnic components, religion, occupation and education level.
Fourth, the militia force under Military Region 1 is present in
most of economic sectors, political, social organizations and areas.
To improve the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1, it’s a must to master the subject’s characteristics, deeply go
into each ethnic, religion and geographical areas for appropriate content,
form and measures to conduct.
1.1.2. Politics and political quality of the militia force under
Military Region 1
* Politics of the militia force under Military Region 1
For a scientific conception on political quality, first of all, it’s
necessary to have scientific awareness on the politics of the militia force
under Military Region 1. Based on Marxist – Leninist theory, Ho Chi
Minh's thought and the views of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the
politics of the militia force under Military Region 1 is considered to be
the politics of the People's Armed Forces of Vietnam – the mass armed

force that does not escape production & working; expressed in the
goals, ideals, political ideology system, political relations, institutions,
political organizations, political operation capability, functions,
political tasks, the organizational principles and operations according
to the perspective and policies of the Vietnam Communist Party, the
Constitution and laws of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
* Political quality of the militia force under Military Region 1
Based on the Marxist - Leninist philosophical theory on the
dialectical relationship between quality and quantity, accessing to the
quality in terms of value, the dissertation offers the perspective that
political quality of the militia force under Military Region 1 is the total
of consciousness, political ideology system, political qualifications,
political relationships and political capability of each officer and soldier
and the staff, expressed in practical political activities of implementing
the political functions and tasks of militia force under Military Region 1.
The political quality of militia force under Military Region 1
includes the following components:
First, the level of awareness, political enlightenment and political
qualification of militia officers and soldiers under Military Region 1.
Second, the political skill and capability of the militia force
under Military Region 1.
Third, the clearness, cleaness and the norm in the political
12
relationships of the militia force under Military Region 1.
Fourth, the quality of practical political activities, reflected in
the results of implementing the functions and duties of militia force.
The foregoings are the factors that constitute political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1. However, there should have a
distinction between the component factors and the factors & conditions
influencing the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.

The political quality of militia force reflects the movement and
development of the internal factors with each other in the organic
relationship. The dialectics of the development indicates that the
organization, construction and operation of the militia force under
Military Region 1 is not isolated, self-contained but is always affected,
influenced and dominated by the political, economic - social & security
environment of the world, the region and the country and the task of
strengthening national defense, protecting the Fatherland. The impacts of
the political & economic - social environment create favorable
conditions or cause obstacles, difficulties and challenges to improving
the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
Political quality plays a very important role in developing the
qualification and capacity of militia force, this role is expressed in the
following matters:
- Political quality plays a role of correctly orientating for all
activities to perform the functions and tasks of training, readiness to fight
& work of the militia force under Military Region 1.
- Political quality is a fundamental factor that plays a key role in
orientating the development of the personality qualifications for officers
and soldiers of the militia force under Military Region 1.
- Political quality of the militia force is an important factor
contributing to building the militia unit under Military Region 1 that is
politically strong and completes all assigned tasks.
1.2. The conception, criteria and issues of principle in
improving the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1
1.2.1. The conception in improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
Based on the concept of quality and characteristics of human
and social organization’s activity, it’s the dissertation’s conception that

improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1
13
is the total of activities of the Party’s organizations, authorities, military
agencies and other organizations in the political system and the local
people, agencies and organizations impacting on the components of
political quality to make changes & development of political
consciousness, qualities, abilities, political relationships of officers,
soldiers and militia units, ensuring the militia force always strong and
clean in politics, continuously improve the overall quality, fighting
power and complete all assigned tasks.
The objective to improve the political quality of militia force
under Military Region 1 is to create a change and development in
political qualification, capability & political relationships to meet the
requirements of the task to build a militia force strong in politics.
The object leading, directing, managing, organizing and operating
the improvement of political quality of militia force is the executive
committees, local authorities and local military units at all levels.
The force participating in improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1 includes all the organizations in the
political system and the people, under the leadership of the executive
committee and the specialized & united administration of local
authorities at all levels.
The subject of improving the political quality of militia force
under Military Region 1 is citizens-militia, militia units in accordance
with the Militia Act.
The content of improving the political quality of militia force:
First, improve the quality of recruitment and management,
ensuring the political reliability of militia force under Military Region 1.
Second, improve the level of political enlightenment, the
political skill & spirit of militia force under Military Region 1.

Third, improve the capacity in practical political activities and
foster the standards of political - social relations of militia force under
Military Region 1.
The form and methods to improve political quality of militia
force include the total of forms and methods in ideological work,
organization and policies to impact on political consciousness and
political capacity of militia force, making those factors continuously
develop in a sustainable manner. The measures of ideological work
include political and ideological education through forms of centralized
political class, propaganda, organization of cultural and art activities,
14
construction of cultural and spiritual life at grassroots level to enhance
the political enlightenment, moral qualification and lifestyle of militia
force. The measures of organization and policies are focusing on
improving leadership capacity and combativeness of the party
committee of communes, wards & towns, the cell of hamlets, villages to
serve as the nucleus of political leadership and national union in building
villages, hamlets and communes strong in all aspects. Through living
and activities of organizations in which militia force is members (party
organizations, unions, veterans’ associations, farmers' associations, trade
unions ); develop the union, the Party; educate and train the Party’s
members, build the local core team in militia force; the registration &
management activities; through practical political & military activities at
the locality and militia units; national defense education. Build the
politically strong militia units, through training and exercises, perform
functions and duties to foster and practice the political and combating
skill & spirit of militia force under Military Region 1.
1.2.2. Evaluation criteria of improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
First, evaluate the awareness on responsibility and capacity of

subjects in improving the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1.
Second, evaluate the content, form and measures to improve the
political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
Third, evaluate the political qualifications and capacity of militia force.
Fourth, evaluate through the results of completing tasks by
militia individuals and units under Military Region 1.
1.2.3. The issues of principle in improving the political quality
of militia force under Military Region 1
The issues of principle are a system of theoretical points for
orienting and directing all activities to improve the quality of militia
under Military Region 1.
First, maintain and strengthen the leadership of the Party
committee and the executive management of local authorities at all
levels to improve the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1.
Second, promote the synergy in improving the political quality
of militia force under Military Region 1
Third, attach improving the political quality of militia force with
15
building the strong locality, agencies and organizations in the area of
Military Region 1.
Fourth, closely combine building the political qualification,
ethics, lifestyle and fighting against the wrong viewpoints of the hostile
forces affecting the political consciousness of the militia force under
Military Region 1.
Conclusion of chapter 1
Militia force is a component of the armed forces under Military
Region 1. In peacetime, this is one of the important forces together with
the armed forces under the Military Region, military to promptly deter

and deal with all plots & tricks of "peaceful evolution" and overthrowing
violence of the hostile forces. At war, it is the core force together with
the entire people to fight and serve for fighting for national defense and
Fatherland protection. Therefore, it’s a must to build the militia force
under Military Region 1with high political and fighting skill & spirit.
In the present context, paying attention to the political quality of
militia force is particularly important. Because the political quality plays a
role of political orientating all activities; is an important factor contributing
to build the politically strong militia unit under Military Region 1. The
essence of improving the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1 is that the subjects correctly identify the measures impacting the
components, making the political quality of militia force constantly
improve. In order to improve the political quality of militia force, it’s a must
to master the purposes, subjects, objects, content, forms and methods for
conducting. That is the scientific basis for assessing the actual situation,
identifying requirements and defining solutions to improve the political
quality of militia force under Military Region 1 today.
Chapter 2
ACTUAL SITUATION, CAUSES AND EXPERIENCE
IN IMPROVING POLITICAL QUALITY OF MILITIA
FORCE UNDER MILITARY REGION 1
2.1. Actual situation of improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
Based on the conception of political quality and evaluation
criteria, the dissertation author surveys the fact of researching the actual
situation of the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
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2.1.1. The advantages of improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
First, the subjects respect and pay attention to leading and

directing the practical policies & measures to improve the political
quality of militia force.
Second, the quality of military training and political education
for the militia under Military Region 1 is improved.
Third, the core militia unit under Military Region 1 is taken care
of all aspects, especially strong in politics.
The above advantages have directly improved the political
quality of militia force under Military Region 1. This issue is expressed
that: The majority of militia force under Military Region 1 has the
correct political awareness and attitudes. Basically, the militia force
under Military Region 1 has the capacity in practical operating politics
and properly handles social relationships. Currently, the militia force
under Military Region 1 has the ability to complete assigned task and
some tasks are successfully completed.
2.1.2. The limitations in improving the political quality of militia
force under Military Region 1
First, a number of localities in the area of Military Region 1 are
awkward; without synchronic solutions and unified policy to steer and
guide the sectors, the levels and mobilize the power of the whole society
to solve problems in building the militia force in general and improving
the political quality of militia in particular.
Second, the registration and management of militia in some
localities and grassroots in area of Military Region 1 in the last some
years also reveal some limitations and shortcomings. Implementing rules
and regulations on registration & management DQTV of militia is not
really close and still has the nature of "administrative procedures".
Third, the role of chairing, coordinating, central and synergistic
of the local military authorities at all levels in advising the party
committees & government is limited and not firmly grasps of the
situation and fluctuations of militia.

Fourth, a number of policies and policy implementation for
militia force are inadequate.
The above restrictions have reduced the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1. This issue is reflected in: A
division of militia does not have sufficient and profound awareness on
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the position and role of militia in the cause of building and defending the
socialist Fatherland. Although the militia force meets the requirements
on quantity, the part of them whose political qualification, morality and
lifestyle meet the mission’s requirements does not account for high
percentage, especially when militia is ethnic minorities of localities in
the remote and border areas. They perform some task with not high
efficiency, not commensurate with the position and role of militia force.
2.2. Causes and experience in improving the political quality
of militia force under Military Region 1
2.2.1. Causes of the achievements, advantages and limitations
in improving the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1
* Causes of the achievement and advantages
First, the achievements of the socialist-oriented national
reformation are an important factor to improve the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1.
Second, the leadership of the executive committees, local
authorities, the Party committees and the Command of Military Region
is the direct cause of the advantages in improving the political quality of
militia force.
Third, the activeness and initiative of the local military
authorities at provinces and districts in advising, directing, guiding,
organizing & building the force and operations of militia.
Fourth, that political consciousness and the awareness of militia

officers and soldiers on the duty of national defense are more and more
profound and comprehensive is a particularly important factor, a
motivation to promote them to try their best in training to improve the
political qualification, ethics, lifestyle and ability to complete the tasks.
* Causes of the limitations and weaknesses
First, it’s due to awareness, responsibility and capacity of some
subjects leading, directing, guiding, organizing, educating and managing
militia are still limited.
Second, it’s due to the people’s educational level and economic
& living difficulties of ethnic minorities in the area of Military Region 1,
especially in the remote & border areas.
Third, a number of militia officers and soldiers do not actively
learn and cultivate the political qualification, ethics, lifestyle and sense
of revolutionary vigilance.
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Fourth, it’s due to the destruction in political ideology of the
hostile forces and impacts from the negative side of the market economy
mechanism, the vices and social evil.
2.2.2. Some experiences in improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
First, the proper awareness and high responsibility of the entire
political system and the local people in the area of Military Region 1 are
the most important issue for improving the political quality of militia
force. Second, effective and efficient implementing the principle of the
Party’s leadership, the State’s management and the whole people
involving in building & improving the political quality of militia force
under Military Region 1. Third, properly complying with the regulations
on recruitment, registration and management of militia force is an
important step and a prerequisite condition to ensure the political
reliability. Fourth, perform good coordination among forces in

improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
Fifth, promote the effectiveness of the party & political work in
education and training to raise the level of political enlightenment,
political skill & spirit for militia force. Sixth, the appropriate regime &
policies and the serious, sufficient and attentive performing are the
motivation to promote the militia force to successfully complete their
functions and tasks.
Conclusion of chapter 2
In recent years, thoroughly grasping the views & policies of the
Party and the Militia Act, building militia force under Military Region 1
has had a positive change in the leadership, direction and
implementation. Thus, the political quality of militia is basically
maintained, the synthetic quality is improved, contributing to
strengthening the leadership of the executive committee, effective
management of the authorities, clearing the areas and ensuring political
stability, social order and safety in localities and grassroots. Militia force
has political consciousness and responsibility in implementing the
provisions of the Militia Act; the majority of militia is ready to receive
and complete the tasks.
However, compared to the requirements of the mission of
defending the socialist Fatherland in the new period, the political quality
of militia still has not really strong point. There are manifestations of
insufficient awareness on the strategic role and position of militia in the
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cause of national construction and defense. The political quality of
militia under Military Region 1, especially in the remote & ethnic
minority areas does not meet the mission’s requirements in the new
situation, with not high performance effectiveness, especially when
therea are political and social complex situations. The lessons in
improving the political quality of militia in recent years should be

studied for inheritance in identifying solutions to improve the political
quality of militia under Military Region 1 today.
Chapter 3
REQUIREMENTS AND BASIC SOLUTIONS IN IMPROVING
THE POLITICAL QUALITY OF MILITIA FORCE
UNDER MILITARY REGION 1 IN THE CURRENT PERIOD
3.1. Impacting factors and requirements in improving the
political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the
current period
3.1.1. Factors impacting the improvement of political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period
First, in the coming years, improving the political quality of
militia under Military Region 1 will continue to happen in the context
where the international and regional situation continues to have
complicated and unpredictable changes strongly impacting the political
awareness, ethics and lifestyle of the militia under Military Region 1.
Second, that the situation of the country is directly that of the
localities in the area of Military Region 1 impacts the improvement of
political quality of militia force.
Third, the task of national defense and building the people’s
armed forces in the new era pose high requirements on the political
quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
The changes and development of the international and domestic
situation, the task of national defense create both advantages and
difficulties & challenges in building the militia force strong in politics,
ideology and organization. It’s neccessary to confirm that the positive
and favorable impacts are fundamental, deciding the development
direction of improving the political quality of militia force. The
difficulties and challenges are completely possible to remedy with
proper solutions.

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3.1.2. Requirements in improve the political quality of militia
force under Military Region 1 in the current period
First, improving the political quality must ensure militia under
Military Region 1 absolutely loyal to the Party, the State and people, the
ideal of national independence and socialism.
Second, grasp the Party's viewpoints of building politically strong
armed forces in improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1.
Third, improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1 must be close to the components of combating
strength of militia force.
Fourth, promote the strength of political system and the whole
people in the area of Military Region 1 in improving the political quality
of militia force.
Fifth, improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1 must be close to the fight against the conspiracy "non-
politicize" the people’s armed forces of the hostile forces.
3.2. Basic solutions to improve the political quality of militia
force under Military Region 1 in the current period
3.2.1. Raise awareness and responsibility in promoting the role
of subjects in improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1
This solution requires good performance of measures as follows:
First, unify perception of the executive committees, authorities
and local military agencies in improving the political quality of the local
militia force.
Second, define and implement the right functions, duties and
rights of organizations and forces in improving the political quality of
the local militia force under Military Region 1.

3.2.2. Improve the quality of political education and closely
manage the militia force under Military Region 1
This solution requires good performance of measures as follows:
First, improve the quality of political education for militia force
under Military Region 1
Second, organize good management of political quality for militia
force under Military Region 1.
3.2.3. Implement the policies & laws and create a favorable
environment to improve the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1
This solution requires good performance of measures as follows:
First, seriously, sufficiently, attentively and enthusiastically
21
implement the policy of the Party and State for the militia force under
Military Region 1.
Second, further research to recommend the Party, the State to
supplement, amend and improve the policy system for militia.
3.2.4. Promote the practical summarizing, pay attention to
forecast the situation, timely detect and resolve new arisen issues,
constantly improve the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1 in the current period
This solution requires good performance of measures as follows:
First, improve the quality of practical summarizing, spread
experiences and best practices in improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1.
Second, stick to the practice, timely detect and have practical
solutions to solve the new arisen problems to ensure the political quality
of militia force under Military Region 1 to be constantly consolidated
and developed to meet the requirements of the task of national defense in
localities and grassroots.

3.2.5. Maintain and strengthen the leadership of the Party
committee, the management of the local authority over militia force
under Military Region 1
This solution requires good performance of measures as follows:
First, maintain and strengthen the leadership of the local
committees over militia force under Military Region 1.
Second, improve the management effectiveness and efficiency of
the local authorities at all levels over the militia force under Military
Region 1.
Conclusion of chapter 3
Improving the political quality of the militia force under Military
Region 1 in the current period continues to be under the influence of the
international and domestic situation. That impact creates both favorable
conditions and difficulties & challenges. Therefore, to improve the
political quality of the militia force, it’s neccessary to master the
requirements and synchronically implement the solutions: Raise
awareness and responsibilities in promoting the role of subjects; improve
the quality of political training, organizing and closely managing the
militia force under Military Region 1; well implement the policies and
law; pay attention to forecast the situation, promote the summarization
of practice, timely detect and solve new arisen problems; strengthen the
leadership of the executive committee, effective management of local
authorities in building the organization and operation of the militia under
Military Region 1.
CONCLUSION
1.Militia force is a component of the armed forces under
Military Region 1. In peacetime, this is one of the important forces in
conjunction with the armed forces under the Military Region to timely
22
deter and deal with all plot & tricks of "peaceful evolution" and the

overthrowing violence of the hostile force to protect the localities and
grassroots. When the country is at war, militia is the combating force in
place in collaboration with the army and the police to perform the duty
of fighting to protect the localities and grassroots. In the current
conditions, it’s a must to particularly pay attention to improve the
political quality of militia force under Military Region 1. It’s because the
militia’s strength depends decisively on the level of their political
enlightenment and skill & tactics.
2. The essence of improving the political quality of militia force
under Military Region 1 is to determine the correct path and measures
impacting the components to make the political quality constantly
develop. If so, it’s necessary to master the objectives, subjects, objects,
content, forms, methods and issues of principle. That is the basis to
assess the actual situation as well as identify solutions to improve the
political quality of militia force.
3. Grasp the views and policies of the Party, policies and laws of
the State, over the past years, building the militia force under Military
Region 1 has had positive change in the leadership, direction and
implementation. Thus, the political quality is basically maintained, the
synthetic quality is improved, contributing to strengthening the
leadership of the executive committee, effective management of the
authorities, cleaning up the area, ensuring the political stability, social
order and safety at the localities and grassroots. However, the political
quality of militia force under Military Region 1 is not really firm with
many limitations and does not meet high demands of the national
defense task in the new period.
4. Improving the political quality of the militia force under
Military Region 1 in the current period continues to be under the impact
of the global, regional and local situation. The identification of
requirements in improving the political quality of militia force is the

orientation for identifying solutions to promote favorable conditions,
overcome difficulties and challenges to constantly improve the political
quality of the militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period.
5. To improve the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1, the subjects should focus all their efforts on
mastering and applying creatively the solutions: Raise awareness and
responsibilities in promoting the subjects’ role; Improve the quality of
political training, closely organizing and managing militia force; well &
creatively organize and implement policies and laws; pay attention to
forecast the situation, promote the summarization of practice, timely
detect and resolve new arisen problems; maintain and strengthen the
23
leadership of the executive committee, improve the management
effectiveness and efficiency of the local authorities, constantly improve
the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the
current period.
RECOMMENDATION
1. The State needs to have reasonable policy for social security,
management of family inhabitants & civil status, social-class structural
development, comprehensive development of economy, politics, culture,
society and national security at the localities in Military Region 1,
particularly in the area of ethnic minority, mountainous & border areas;
associate economic development with solving social problems, pay
attention to develop and foster the human resource and facilitate
favorable conditions to improve the political quality of militia force
under Military Region 1.
2. The Ministry of National Defense needs to continue to study
the innovation in managing and training the militia. Research in
supplementing the material facilities and conditions to ensure that the
management and training militia are suitable with characteristics in

organization and duties of militia force.
3. The General Political Department enhances directing the
party and political work for building the militia force. Research and
compile the curriculum system and materials for training militia at both
the militia unit and the localities & grassroots.
4. In the coming years, ensuring the material and funding in
building militia force is still from the national defense budget annually
provided by the State for the localities. In the current situation, it’s
necessary to grasp thoroughly the motto: central and local, the State and
people both pay attention to building the militia force. Mobilize and
supplement local budgets for building the militia force.
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