p dụng kết quả nghiên cứu văn hóa dân gian nhằm nâng cao chất lượng giảng dạy văn học dân gian ở đại học và phổ thông trung học.PDF

AP
DUNG KET QUA NGHIEN
CLTU
VAN
HOA
DAN
GIAN
NHAM
NANG
CAO
CHAT
Ll/CJNG GIANG
DAY
VAN
HOC DAN GIAN
6
DAI HOC VA PHO THONG TRUNG HOC
Phgm
'Thu
Yen
Khoa Ngfr van
Truimg DHSP - DHQG Ha Ngi
I. Co so
ly
luan
va co
sa
thuc
ticn
van
bgc

dan gian la bd mdn khoa hge xa hdi mang tfnh chit dac
thii
cho
nen
vin dd
ngbien euru khoa hge dd nang cao chat
lugng
dao tao chuyen nganb van hge dan gian la edng
viee
dac biet quan trgng. Tfnh chai dac
thii
dd ndm ngay d
cbi'nb
deti
tugng van hge dan gian
(folelore) vi van hge dan gian la mot
loai
nghe thuat tdng hgp tu nbien vira mang bin chit van
hoi
vilra
mang ban chit van hge. Van hge dan gian
vira
la nghe thuat, vira rdng bon nghe
thuit,
la mdt thir nghe thuat gdn bd chat che kbdng the
tach
rdi vdi ddi song sinb boat
ciia
nban dan
lao

ddng trong sudt qui trtnb phat tridn dai
lau
eiia
din tde va gid day no thire day tung
bimg
trong thdi md cira vdi
nhthig
Id hdi, nhung hinh thtre sinb boat, ea bit, vui
choi
mang dam chit
din gian, chit tmydn thong. Ngbj quyet Tmng uong V khoi VUI
ciia
Ban chip
banh
Tmng
uong Dang
cjgng
sin Viet Nam da dd ra nhiem vu phit tridn gift gin mdt ndn van boa hien dai
dam da ban sic dan tde, didu dd tao niem tin va sy
phan
kbdi cho nbirng ngudi ngbien
ciiii
vi
giang day van hge din gian.
Cin thie't phai hieu cac lac phim van hge dan
giim
trong
Ifnh
tdng hop ty nbien
eiia

no,
ngbTa la mdi
tmdng
sdng, hoan
canh
dia ly ty nbien nao ma tie phim ra ddi va tdn tai, cac sir
thi,
tmdng ea, ea dao, ve
duge
trinh didn nhu thd nao trong nghi
Id,
trong sinb boat vui choi ,
va didu quan trgng la no thyc hien
ebirc
nang gi trong ddi sdng nban din va trong nghe thuat.
Mdt thyc td dd nban thiy la van bgc dan gian (VHDG) rat da dang: VHDG ngudi Kinh,
VHDG cic din tde anh em tren khdp mgi midn td qude,
eic
thd loai VHDG tdn tai trong cac
hinh thire didn xudng rieng, thyc hien nbirng
chii'c
nang rieng. Neu kbdng chii y den nhiing dac
trung nay mi ehi chii y den mat van hge la ta da tude bd di ban chit van hoi
eiia
mot tie phim
van bgc dan gian.
Viee ebgn tic phim VHDG cac
diin
tde trong ehuong trinh giang day ri't can
chii

y den
die
thii nay. Chuong trinh van hge dan gian d phd thong trung bgc ed Mo "De
da'l
dc nude"
ciia
din tde Mudng, truyen tbet
"Virgt
bidn"
eiia
dan tde Tay; "Bai ea
chang
Dam San"
eiia
dan tde
Ede
li
nhtrng
tie pham ed
chirc
nang rieng. Mo "Dc dat de
nuel'e"
ed ebirc nang thyc banh
nghi
Id,
ehi dugc didn xudng kbi gia dinh ed tang, ma. Didu kien dja ly
khae
biet, phong tue la,
nbirng quan niem thin thoai nguyen thuy an trong
Idp

vd ngdn ngir Mudng duge chuyen djeh
sang tidng Viet la nbirng mat rit ban ehd cho sy cam, hieu
ciia
hge sinb.
Thay,
ed giio cung
con khd cam, hidu, khd hinh dung, hudng ehi ndi den sy tmydn dat. "Bai ea
ching
Dam San"
thudng dugc cic gia ling Ede "khan" (kd) trong nghi
thiie
trang trgng vao nbirng djp
Id
hdi ben
be'p lira nha Rdng. Vi trong kbdng kbi iy, sir thi ed dip hien rd bon
linb
bdn eua no. Tmyen tho
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"Tidn dan ngudi yeu" thuemg duge vf nhu mdt vien ngge quf
eiia
dan tde Thii
ludn
kbien ta
simg sot vd ndi dung va nghe thuat didn ta lam trang nban vat
eiia
van ehuong cic din tde ft
ngudi ma ehi dugc giang day trong 2 tidt kbdng ed cac kidn
thiic
bd trg thi thit khd
giiip

bgc
sinb cam, hidu duge gii trj
di'eh
thyc eua tie phdm.
II.
Nhfirng
ket qua
nghicn
ciru
Nban
tbiie
duge vin dc tren
vii
de khdc phuc phin nao nbfmg phidn dien trong qui trinh
ngbien etru va giang day, trong nhung nam gin
diiy,
chuyen nganb van hge dan gian khoa Van
Tmdng DHSP Ha Ndi da ed gdng ket hgp phuong phap nghien ciin lien nganb tidp can tie phim
VHDG theo bai hudng ebfnh:
Hudng ngbien
cim
theo qui dao van hge; di
sau
vao kbao sat khai tbie van ban, tim hidu
dac didm ndi dung va he thd'ng thi phip cac thd loai VHDG (kdt eiu, nban vat, cic bien phip
nghe thuit, ydu td ngdn ngir).
Hudng ngbien cim theo qui dao van hoi din gian: dua tra cic tie phim VHDG vao trong
mdi tmdng dja ly,
Ijch
sir van boa xa hdi ma no nay sinb va tdn tai. Cac dd tai ngbien eun, cac

dd tai hudng din luan van thae sT, luan van cir nban thudng kbuydn
kbfeb
ngudi thyc hien kbao
sit VHDG cac dja
pbuimg,
cac dan tgc ft nguiti nhu: Dac diem truyen thuyet vd Le Lgi d Thanh
Hoi;
Ngbien
eiiii
Mo "De dat de
niretc"
Mudng d Thanh Hoi; Lang eudi van Lang d Phii Thg;
Phuong ngdn Nam Ha;
Tim
hidu dac sdc
eiia
dan ea Thii; Dan ea dam eudi Tay,
Niing;
He
thdng tmyen eudi Mucmg; Tmydn ed Meo Ha Giang Hudng ngbien
eiiu
nay yeu eiu viee di
siu ly giai phong tue tap quan, tdn giio mdi dan tde, qui trtnb phat tridn
ciia
tie phim VHDG
cung nhu phuong thire didn xudng, dac thu eua mdi the loai. Co nghia la dat ra
yeu
eiu ngbiem
ngat trong viee dua lac pham VHDG trd vd mdi tmdng sdng
di'eh

thyc eua no trong didu kien
cho phep.
Hai
khuynb
hudng nay da dem den nhimg kdt qua kba quan hon trong ngbien
eiiru,
trong
nban thii:e eua ngudi thyc hien va ehde ehdn duge thd hien mdt each hieu qua hon trong giang
d|iy.
Tuy nbien
giiia nhiinxthire
va vice thyc hien eon la mdt
khoang cich
kbi xa do ed nhiing
han ehd kbieb quan va
chii
quan lam cho viee nghien
eiiai
kbdng ed tfnh ddng bd.
.Sau
diy la
nhiing kidn ngbj vd phuong hudng nghien euru va ung dung kdt qua ngbien ciru vio qui trinh
dao tao.
III.
Phuong
huimg
nghien ciru va irng dung trong
vice
nang cao chat lugng dao tao
chuyen nganh van hoc dan gian

Tidp tue day manh va phat buy
hui'tng
ngbien
ethi
hen nganb ndi tren trong mdt thdi gian
dai dd lugng bidn thanh chat, de
viee
ket hgp nay trd thanb thao tie,
thanb
ky nang ed tfnh
thudng trye ddi vdi nbirng nguiti nghien
ciiii
va
giiing
day.
Diy manh edng ta dien da VHDG:
Vdi viee nghien cim VHDG edng lac didn da, kbao sit VHDG tai cac dja
phuitng
la vd
Cling
quim
trgng dd cic
nhii
nghien cim ed didu kien "mil thay, tai nghe" hinh dung "phuong
thire tdn tai sdng" di'eh thyc
eiia
tie phim VHDG. Di ngbj nha tmdng, phong quan ly khoa hge
tao didu kien vd thdi gian va kinh pbf cho td bd mdn thyc hien tdt edng viee nay ma kbdng
ehi
vdi can bd ma ea vdi sinb vien - lye lugng sau nay trye tidp giang day VHDG trong nha tmdng.

76
Chic chin nhiing chuydn khao sit nay se
giiip
cho cin bd va sinh vien tang them linb
yen
va
nidm tin vao
nhOng
gii tn thyc sy eiia van hoi tmydn thd'ng din tde.
Viee
bd trg kidn
thtic
van hoi din gian bang bang hinh la phuong tien tdt nhit, ed hieu
qua kinh td va khoa bgc trong viee dem tdi cho sinh vien mdt nban
tbii'c
loan dien vd ddi tugng
va phii hop
vci
ban chit
eua
loai hinh van boa dan gian trong tinb tdng hgp ty nbien eua nd ea
yd dd tai, thi phip, hoan canh didn xudng va
cbti'c
nang thd loai. Day la van dd ma
ebiing
tdi
tha
thidt kidn nghi dd nhung y tudng ed didu kien duge thyc thi. Vf du kbi giang day vd bd lao ddng
cin cd bang,
dia

vd cic giai dieu, cung nhu cic ddng tic boat ddng lao ddng eua nhin din;
giing Mo
"D6
dit de
nude"
ciia ngudi Mudng neu ed bang, dia hge sinh cd thd dd dang hinh
dung vi cim nhin duge
chiie
nang thyc hien nghi Id tang, ma eua edng ddng Mudng ma bai Mo
cit
len
dd kd vd Ijch san sinh ra dit, nude, con ngudi, ling, ban Nhung phong tue tap quin
eiia
din
tde
Thii; tidng hit dim eudi
eiia
din tde Tay; nhiing
Id
hdi dim triu td thin, nhiing boat
ddng van hoi tmydn thdng
ciia
ddng bio Tiy Nguyen; edng viee cham trd dac sic
eiia
anh thg
mdc Thanh Hoa,
eua
chang trai tat nude dau dinh se tie ddng trye tidp ddn nhin
tbiic
va tinh

cam thim my ciia bgc sinh.
Mudn thyc hien duge y tudng nay cin cd nhung didu kien ky thuit tdi thidu nhu miy
quay, diu Video; man hinh; miy ghi am; bang, dia tir; kinh
phi
cho viee td
chiic nbihig
chuydn
di.
Nhung nbirng diu tu nay
lai
tao dugc hieu qua cao trong nghien eiiru va dao tao ndu nbirng
iffa,
bang hinh dugc nban ban va phat banh rdng trd thanh giio cu trye quan dac biet phuc vu
cho viee giang day d hie dai bgc va cic tmdng phd thdng. Ban giim hieu, Phong quan ly khoa
hoc ciia tmdng DHSP Ha Ndi da nhin
tbiic
duge tim quan trgng
eua viee xiy
dyng be thdng tu
lieu giang day tren bang hinh va da kbuydn
khich
cho viee tridn khai dudi dang dd tai
cip
Dai
bgc Qude gia. Tuy nbien tit ea mdi ehi la bude diu, mudn dat kdt qua tdt trong edng
viee
nay
cin cd sy diu tu ddng bd bon ea vd ly luan vi thyc td tridn khai.
Viee
tidp thu cac kdt qua nghien

ciiii
eua cic edng trinh
tmde
day va md ra nhtrng hudng
nghien
ciru
mdi khi didu kien ky thuat cho phep la mdt giai phip dung ddn nbim tao hieu qua
cao trong
viee
ap dung ket qua nghien eiiu vao viee nang cao chit lugng giang day. Hy vgng
ring
vdi
phuong hudng neu tren sinh vien eua nhtrng nam diu thd ky 21 se dugc tidp cin vdi
nhiing phuong phip dao tao vira hien dai, vira
phii
hgp vdi ban chit
eiia
ddi tugng nghien euru.
SUMMARY
The main pupose of this study was implementation of the folelore research results for
improving quality of folelore teaching in the colleges
imd
schools in the following aspects:
1.
The theoretical base and practical reality
2.
The reseach results of the last years.
3.
Future trend of study and its implementation in quality improvement of this specific
education.

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