Thơ Phùng Quán từ góc nhìn tư duy nghệ thuật

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



VŨ THU HẰNG











THƠ PHÙNG QUÁN
TỪ GÓC NHÌN TƢ DUY NGHỆ THUẬT




  

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Hà Nội - 2013

TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN



VŨ THU HẰNG

THƠ PHÙNG QUÁN
TỪ GÓC NHÌN TƢ DUY NGHỆ THUẬT








  












Hà Nội – 2013
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LỜI CẢM ƠN

 









ng 11 

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MỤC LỤC
PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU 1
  1
2. Lch s u v 2
u 8
u 9
 10
 10
7. C 10

PHẦN NỘI DUNG 11
1:  11
 11
 11
 12
m ngh thut c 18
 18
1.2.2. S nghic 19
   thut 26
t tr m hng ch  29
 h 29

2.1.1.  30
2.1.2. i cm 42
i m 52
2.2. Cm hng ch n
i nhng ma i 55
 ngh thu  61
3.1. Bing ngh thut 61
ng 61
5
3.1.2. Mt s bic sc 66
 ngh thut 72
 i sng, khu ng 72
 tri 78
i 81
3.3.1. Cu t 81
3.3.2. Th loi 85
PHẦN KẾT LUẬN 92
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 94
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PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU
1. Lí do chọn đề tài

Nhân văn Giai phẩm 


 -

-Trăm hoa đua nở trên đất Bắc 
                 Bọn
“Nhân văn-Giai phẩm” trước tòa án dư luận 

-

-


-              



 




-

  -  


7
         

      

 




          


 


         













2. Lịch sử nghiên cứu vấn đề
Vượt Côn Đảo Tiếng
8
hát trên địa ngục Côn Đảo      
              - 
(1957-

 

 

Tuổi thơ dữ dội

 
                


Bọn “Nhân văn-Giai phẩm” trước tòa án dư luận Qua cuộc đấu
tranh chống nhóm phá hoại “Nhân văn Giai phẩm” trên mặt trận văn nghệ

Lời mẹ dặn 
-





về mặt nhân cách 


  

 

9
 






)-






 


 
, về mặt tác phẩm,  


 109]. 
       -       

 110]. 
Lời mẹ dặn 


       119].    
 -
               
10
               

Giai phẩm mùa thu 
Nhân văn 


 117] 

-      
     


-

  198-199] 
-


 303] 
-
 






Một đôi vần 



11


Lời mẹ dặn 

 
-





- Nhớ Phùng Quán           

- Văn đàn-thời sự và bình luận       


- Phùng Quán viết “Trăng hoàng cung”     
 Trăng hoàng cung.
- Phùng Quán còn đây, 

- Những gương mặt thân yêu: Ghi chép về một số nhà văn

  


-  TThơ 
TNhật Lệ 
Hoa sen 



12
-  Hoa sen, t


Hoa sen 
. [41]

- T 
Hoa sen




- Những người thắp lửa: Tiểu luận và chân dung văn học
N


- Hoa sen ng





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















, 









 , 














  

- Quê quán của thơ: Tiểu luận và bút kí thơ,     







              


13



 

Nhân văn Giai phẩm
 


               
Nhân văn Giai phẩm 




Nhân văn Giai phẩm.
3. Đối tƣợng và phạm vi nghiên cứu




Thơ Phùng Quán 1932 – 1995 


Thơ Phùng Quán 


Nhớ Phùng Quán 

              -Giai

14


Trăng hoàng cung



 
Phùng Quán viết
“Trăng hoàng cung”           


       
Hậu từ Trăng hoàng cung: Nó xuất xứ từ
những bài thơ tình tôi viết tặng mối tình si mê mộng tưởng và… trong cơn say bất
tận. Đến lúc tỉnh mộng, tỉnh mê, tỉnh say, và đã ở cách xa nàng ngàn dặm, tôi đọc
lại, thêm vào những lời chú giải… Và thế là tự nhiên không khiến cuốn tiểu thuyết
thành hình.




-

4. Phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu





 
-
15



 -

-




               

5. Một số thuật ngữ sử dụng trong luận văn




6. Đóng góp của luận văn

 



7. Cấu trúc của luận văn

       

t tr m hng ch 
Bing  ngh thu
16
PHẦN NỘI DUNG
1: 

1.1. Khái niệm tƣ duy nghệ thuật và tƣ duy thơ
1.1.1. Tƣ duy nghệ thuật
 n thc, phng thun cht, nhng
m  t ct s vt, hi
cn chi, chu s ch c c
d tn tm
n th phng
thun chng m, quan h t
ca s vt, hin s c, khi s 
 
 thuo cc ngh thut.
 thung ho cng t
tip nhm ngh thut. Bn cht cc thc tin tinh thn
ca hong chi gii b thu
mc hong ngh thut nh  n th i quyt
nhim v thn c

tr s cm. Du hiu bn cht c thut
c lng ti s nm bt nhng s thi sng c
th, ci dung kh  cm tht kh 
t yy, t thut chu s chi phi mnh m
ca th gio trong vic la chn biu
ng ngh thu truyn t gii c
o ngh thuu 
ngh i chu khiu ch
t nhn tho ngh thui quan
c t biu hing ngh thus thng nht
a ca ch 
17
1.1.2. Tƣ duy thơ
1.1.2.1. Tư duy thơ là sự thể hiện cái tôi đang tư duy
c biu hin c  thum
quan trng nht c s biu hin c 
Tư duy thơ và tư duy thơ hiện đại Việt Nam
cu Nguy n t
nh, t ng trong mt trnh m ci
y, v bn cht, mt tr  ng
biu hing c 
             n ca con
i, c c vi th gi
 c lp ki 
th hi n my,
a mang bn chi, va mang du  th hin
ca ch th trong nhn thn tng ca s y, vi
mt hoo ngh thu 
t tr  o ngh thu biu hin trc tip c


               nh
Từ điển thuật ngữ văn học   c
loi tr c ct tr 
i sc thc hin mc ti
a ct ch a s th hiu hiu
c  h   hin nhng
biu hin phc tp ca th gii n m cho ti nhng
n, nhng trit h u biu
hiu Nguy c biu hii hai
dng ch y c ti  
coi trng s biu hin ch th n mt s mt trong m
 chi phi quan niy ca tng thi
18
  i nhnh.
Th nh c ti nhm
c ng n
  ng ngong nng ngo
i lng ni trc ting nng
ngong ngoi trc ting ngop. Gii
quan h  ch th 
thng ngot ch th  v  yng. Mc
n th n phn
n th n th 
i lp v, phng trng
u c i vi thc t b ln
vng nng nu
hi
i din c ng ngoc
nhn mnh  i di i c nhn mnh 
 216].  ng

bn t    ng lc thoi. N
 c biu hin b  nh, bng bi ng tr    
kng s i, bin lu  gi li nhng biu
ng, nhnh hin th n khu cho
nh t vng ngong
ngoi trc ti73, tr. 218]
M m cn nhn m         ng nh 
 th hin tinh tho
ngh thut c
Th   c ngh
thup vai, mang nhiu vai. Theo GS.
ng hp nh t
 Mẹ Tơm  T Hc tip vt trong
19
 m, biu hin        cm hng ch  n
giu thi ca vn mang du n ca ch th o.
1.1.2.2. Tư duy thơ là sự khôi phục sáng tạo các biểu tượng trực quan để bộc
lộ nhận thức chủ quan
t kh  h thng bing.
Bi t bi 
bing th  c va.
Trong cun Từ điển triết học c      c
hi  nh c  th v nhng hing ca th gi
Bii cn thc c
pht s v ng
ng hp c th nhnh. Bing ph
[40, tr. 62].
a ngh thu
khi nhng bing tr yu vn d
han.  ng tr

 trc tip c 
ng tro
ng m hin li mc c thc,
i quan h  i quan h mi
gi th c, bing
 tr
ph bin m i ra mc mt s phm cht,
mt s ng biu hi 20] Trong Từ điển thuật
ngữ văn học, biuc sng bng
ng cc ngh thup, bic
chuya lc ca mt lo thuc bi 
truyn cm ln vc bn cht ca hing, va th hin mt quan
m, mng, hay tri 
 bi 
20
ng nh s i bing t i
ngh  hnh c thng, gi cm
c cc cc. Bing
n thng. Bing chu s chi phi ca
 , c        i. Bi    
mang s  
h  c
 ng nh lp lng to nng
c trong th gii ngh thung
cho thy nhnh, nh
Trong Tư duy thơ và tư duy thơ hiện đại Việt Nam, u Nguy
 
li trong sn phm cu n ca mt cung
       ng trong
khoa hng c v chc

u c ,
u din s vng ca hin th vng cm,
cu. Kh ng c ch tr
 v th 
hin th        ng,
 c bp nhn
kh ng cp nhc bit t
nhng cng m
ra kh p cn vi cuc sng, m ra nhng mi,
n nhng phm cht mi
ng, s a h 
nhau. Qua h thng bing ta s thc nha t


1.1.2.3. Tư duy thơ thể hiện quan niệm sáng tác của nhà thơ
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Quan nim v  chi ph quan
m ngh thut tr 
Quan nim  t yu t thc chuyn 

 n v  ng
i nghim c 
nhiu a m, ta  thy thp
t n i, mt tic, g i. Nu
 i th
u hin tinh thn cm. S vng c
 vng ca cng
ng t c nhng trc
tin chia nhn th n gi
c       a t 

mang s phm c 
quan nim, s phy, th gii c 
 gii c t th gic l t th
gii ci nic th hin ra bng ti
tr y xu 
theo ti  t   th gi    c ht phi lng nghe
 u ti
thu th gii tinh thn,
a h.
 c biu hin c thut. Bi
c la ch c nhu cu th hin c
 hin ng ch p v
cht trc quan cng gn vi s nh
 th  yc c th hin
ng cc hin thc. S lp li cng tng
c, t gii ngh thu
22
ng tr c
biu hin cu bit cn thi hiu
m c
1.1.2.4. Tư duy thơ chịu sự chi phối của sự vận động ngôn ngữ theo thể loại
  vt cht cn trc tip c
hin thc trc tip c u t th nh
 thu. Bng cht
lic bin c th c tia
i ngh a, vi cht lii ngh  n
i s ng t
 th gim ci, t 
n nh
 bit

   ng d 
h, nhng phn c hin th
ng ch p b ca tr  
tring tu kin cht
ca s v thu
 n bit c
 t lo c biu Nguyn
c biu hin c thut.
t kh u hi kh u
hin c  c
mn giao ti biu hin
c nhing, nhiu dng c u ni dung c th c tip.
  c vng
c  ngh thuu hin trc tip c 
ngh thut mang nhm lonh. Nm trong h th
ngh thut, s vng c n
thng th loi, ngay c th lo u v nhp, nhc
23
quan trc biu hi
ng khong ngy, s tn ti c

1.2. Quá trình sáng tác và quan niệm nghệ thuật của Phùng Quán
1.2.1. Sơ lƣợc về tiểu sử
 ng th
             ng,
Tng D ng Th y, tnh Tha Thi-
Hu.    Qu     i m  
thunh Thp thiu
 u cn, b
n tu cho b i nghe. Thc

Thii v
S  s kin trao tr t Minh-
chuy vit tiu thuyu tay Vượt Côn
Đảo ng ca Tiếng hát trên địa ngục Côn Đảou v
 i, thuc Tng C, tia tp
Văn nghệ Quân đội.
t trong nhng hVit Nam th h 
n 1956-Nhân văn, t
Giai phẩmVăn, b k lut, khai tr ra khi H
ng ci to tng  
          ng ci t  c
chuyn v      n (B Thy Li), V   n
 i k u lc
t  nh Linh, Qu n
-2-c Hc hi hi t
 ng.
1.2.2. Sự nghiệp văn học
 i diu cho tinh thn t hc, hiu
24
hc bi
sm gp nhi        n th    a
m th hi
i danh ti hin tinh
thng  mp c--
-nh-ng cht
v ngng vi y
v
1.2.2.1. Về văn xuôi
i ting vi tiu thuyt Vượt Côn Đảo c
t bn tiu thuyn

13 ln, tc dt bn bng tit bn
c Thin tiu thuyc nhn ging ca
H Vit Nam (1954-1955). Nhin cho rn
ng chng kin s  cm cng sn
c s tra tn ca git k cn m
c nht,
hng, th hin mt ch ng ng
bt dit.
ng tp truyt s

- Cuộc đời một đôi dép cao su, t 
- Thạch Sanh cháu Bác Hồ, t  i,     

- Bên bờ Hiền Lương, 

-    


- Chiếc cối giã trầu bằng thép      
25

- Thần hổ Chăm Pa

- Tượng A Vooc Hồ bằng gỗ trầm hương      
, 
- Tiếng đàn đá
, 1986.
- Chuyện Tây Nguyên bên bờ Đanuyp xanh

- Pắc Bó đón Bác về  


- Ngàn cánh hạc giấy 





- Như con cò vàng trong cổ tích, 


-

- Vĩnh Linh
.
- Dũng sĩ chép còm          

 
.
- Tuổi thơ dữ dội
 Buổi đầu thử thách